EP1556662A1

EP1556662A1 - Anti-mine protection device

Info

Publication number: EP1556662A1
Application number: EP03775221A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gerd Kellner
Original assignee: GEKE Technologie GmbH
Current assignee: Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2002-10-28
Filing date: 2003-10-23
Publication date: 2005-07-27
Anticipated expiration: 2023-10-23
Also published as: DE10250132A1; DE10250132B4; WO2004038320A1; AU2003283296A1; EP1556662B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for protecting armoured or non-armoured vehicles against blasts, fragments, and, more particularly projectile forming mines (P-charge mines). The protection device consists of a protection structure or a container which is partially or completely filled with a liquid, a liquid mixture or a liquid medium (filling agent ). The protection structure or container is arranged on the vehicle floor on the side facing a threat or on a protective structure of the vehicle floor combined therewith. In one embodiment, the crankcase (21) of a wheeled vehicle (129) comprising sloping flanks (22) and a level floor area is provided with level protection device (mine protection 57) which can be displaced/lowered by a device (58) in the direction of a threat (3). The lifting height between the initial height and the end height above the ground can be mechanically adjusted or can also be controlled by a sensor. As a result, protection can be provided at a relatively short distance from the threat (3). Ideally, a threat can be prevented by said type of measure or it can be at least seriously disturbed. In an example of an embodiment, the crankcase (21) of the wheeled vehicle (139) comprising transversal flanks (22) is provided with modular mine-protection chambers (114) with and without blower apertures (115) or covers (116) and a protection area (117,119) on the base (23).

Description

Protection arrangement against mines

The present invention relates to a protective arrangement for armored and unarmored vehicles against blast, splinter and in particular projectile-forming mines.

In recent years, mine protection for armored vehicles, in particular through peacekeeping and peace-building measures in out-of-area operations, has become increasingly important. It has indeed been possible to use suitable materials and a number of constructive approaches, such as Multi-layer structures to significantly improve the efficiency of mine protection compared to homogeneous protective plates, but on the threat side a continuously growing proportion of heavy blast and in particular also projectile-forming mines (so-called P-charge mines) are used. It can be assumed today that armored vehicles, even of lighter or medium weight classes, are exposed to blast loads from pressure-charged mines with an 8 kg TNT equivalent, whereby mines with a 10 kg TNT equivalent are also increasingly to be expected. The penetration capacity of the projectile formed in the P-charge mines was steadily increased, so that adequate protection can no longer be achieved with vehicle-compatible homogeneous protection technologies, even with heavier vehicles. Structured armouring has brought a significant gain in mass effectiveness against P-type mines, but here too, a vehicle-specific limit will be reached in the foreseeable future.

The performance and quality of the protection technologies is determined by the two factors of mass and depth (without taking the cost factor into account). It should be noted here that with all vehicles introduced to date, an increasingly required mine protection was only subordinate or not considered at all in the design of the vehicle. This is also evident from the various retrofit programs in the mine protection area known from the press. This inevitably results in technical questions regarding the integration of retrofit solutions to existing structures.

In the case of new vehicles to be developed, an ever increasing threat must be taken into account in the blast, splinter and P-cargo area. Due to the limitation of the permissible mass of a system, it can be assumed that the mine protection suitability of new vehicles the previous state of the art results in particular from improvements in the overall structure in the underbody area, but higher mine loads cannot be covered with the basic protection. It is therefore expedient to start with a modular mine protection concept which can also be used to meet the latest state of the art.

A large number of property rights exist for mine protection, and EP 0 897 097 A2 can be considered representative of the state of the art to be considered.

A protective device for land, air or water vehicles against splinter and blast mines is described there. Seen from the threat side, this consists of several layers: a hard foam layer, a so-called structural element panel, another hard foam layer and a dynamically pressure-resistant panel.

This mine protection can be stationary connected to the vehicle as a so-called integrated solution or can be designed as an adaptable protection. A mixture of both solutions is also planned.

The approaches proposed in EP 0 897 097 A2 are still up-to-date from today's point of view and, if appropriately dimensioned, can in principle also be applied to P-charge mines. The mine protection arrangements described there and their mode of action against the various threats can therefore serve as the basis for the pre-armor or the more complex abrasion layers mentioned in the present invention. However, it is pointed out that these can only support the present invention in terms of its efficiency, but cannot replace it. Arrangements according to the present invention also act completely independently of technical improvements to existing mine protection components. In a standard application scenario for vehicles, only one (e.g. homogeneous) abrasion layer must be provided on the bottom side. But this can also be designed adaptively in connection with the present invention. In the case of lighter vehicles in particular, such a protective layer can also consist of non-metallic materials or light metals or can be formed directly by a correspondingly implemented lower limitation of the liquid protection.

Furthermore, EP 0 897 097 A2 also provides that the open channels of the structural element plate, the flat partial spaces in this inner layer or additional hollow profile bodies in the structural element plate can also be completely or partially filled with liquid substances, including, for example, fuels (cf. Figure 11 the Patent specification and claims 22 and 23). However, this does not anticipate a solution in the sense of the present invention, since the possible uses of liquids to be derived from patent specification EP 0 897 097 A2 relate solely to the deformation behavior or energy absorption behavior of the mine loads in the components containing these liquids. A liquid layer or container with flowable media upstream of the underbody or the upstream protection in the case of an existing mine protection of vehicles as the primary structural component of the mine protection against all mine threats is not described there.

The present invention describes a way in which a highly efficient mine protection against both blast, splinter and P-charge mines can be achieved in a technically very simple manner. It is of particular advantage in the inventive concept that an increasing mine threat can be compensated for by a small amount of pre-armor that can be varied in a simple manner. This also leads to a considerably longer period of use, even with a high-quality basic mine protection that is no longer sufficient compared to a changed threat. Another decisive advantage of the present invention is that the cost of such an (also additive) system is very low.

The invention relates to a protective arrangement for all weight classes of armored and even unarmored vehicles against blast, splinter and projectile-forming mines (P-charge mines) with the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims 2 to 48.

The protective arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that the vehicle floor or a vehicle floor protection structure is provided on the side facing the threat with a protective structure or a container, which at least partially with a filler made of a liquid (or a liquid) or a flowable medium is filled.

As already mentioned in the discussion of patent specification EP 0 897 097 A2, it has proven to be advantageous to use structured multi-plate structures for protection against mines. Their protection behavior, which is more favorable than that of a homogeneous plate, is primarily due to the fact that the acceleration of the individual plates during the loading phase limits or even prevents punch cuts which are more energy efficient. In this way, tensile stresses can be introduced into the bulging plates with appropriate energy compensation and a temporally extended impulse transmission. In conjunction with the invention proposed here, this results in a particularly effective protection if an arrangement according to the invention is connected upstream of a structured structure of the type mentioned above. By reducing the speed of P-charge projectiles and the associated energy degradation and in particular due to the energy distribution in the liquid layer, the best conditions are created for the most favorable deformation behavior of the following components (vehicle floor with or without protective structure). In this way it is possible to design light-weight mine protection structures or to achieve protection against even the most serious threats with protective measures that can also be implemented on lighter vehicles.

It should be pointed out here again that by using arrangements in accordance with the present invention it is in principle possible to achieve efficient mine protection against the types of threats mentioned, even with the simplest protective structures (simple base or side plates). Of particular interest is also the case that with a greater ground clearance of vehicles (this is usually the case with wheeled vehicles), at least partial protection against larger mines up to the most severe mine threats is achieved even with vehicles that were originally only slightly or not protected at all can.

In any case, an undisturbed shock wave passage must be avoided when a structure is impacted by mines, as this means that the impulse is transmitted to the vehicle interior briefly and the energy is only slightly damped. Here, the liquid layer with the dissipation of the shock waves that takes place in it and the resulting pulse duration stretching in connection with an energy distribution or energy dissipation offers a protective mechanism that cannot be achieved in any other way. The mass effectiveness cannot be surpassed even in comparison to the most effective plate structures, e.g. the protection modules can only be filled when they are used.

In the case of an employed base plate, for example in the bow or side area of wheeled vehicles or in the bow area of tracked vehicles, particularly effective protection in the case of arrangements in accordance with the present invention is provided in that a blast load can only be introduced into the vehicle structure in accordance with the angular components and thus be effective , In the case of a P-charge projectile striking an inclined structure, it is loaded asymmetrically and is therefore likely to be destroyed in the impact. In any case, however, the punch penetration of the mine plate which achieves the puncture performance can only be set to a very limited extent. In addition, the following sheet is made according to the inclination is strained at an angle, combined with a further temporal and local stretching of the loading process.

The protective structure or the container can be filled and / or emptied (externally or by means of a reservoir); contain on the side facing the threat (mine) a solid or releasable, single or multi-layer pre-armor (abrasion layer); be constructed in one or more parts (modular); rigid (or inherently stable) or flexible (e.g. made of a flexible plastic material, such as plastic or rubber); be built up in one or more layers; and / or integrated in the vehicle floor or the underside of the vehicle floor protection structure or fixed or detachably mounted thereon.

The filler can consist of a homogeneous liquid or a one-component (or pure) flowable medium (e.g. sand of the same grain size, granulate); be a liquid of any viscosity up to paraffin-like, gelatinous or colloidal substances; consist of a mixture; contain an additive such as an anti-corrosion agent, a dye or an agent with specific properties; consist of several different bodies or substances (e.g. sand of different grain sizes, granulate mixture); and / or solid or hollow metallic or non-metallic bodies can be introduced into the filler.

Furthermore, the filler itself can have shock-absorbing and / or energy-consuming properties; be frost-proof; and / or be such a filler that its liquid properties are generated and / or maintained by means of heat.

The protective structure or the container can also be constructed in a planar, linear or grid-like manner or can represent a protective structure or a container with a free surface geometry; perform a multiple function either yourself or by replacing the module (e.g. water tank, fuel tank, etc.); and / or contain one or more compensation volumes.

Furthermore, the protective structure or the container can be attached or suspended in a shock-absorbing manner; be integrated into a sloping side surface of the vehicle floor or the vehicle floor protection structure facing the floor or be connected upstream thereof; be built up in multiple layers and detachably or firmly assembled or arranged separately; and / or an element that is independent of the vehicle floor or the vehicle floor protection structure (for example as a suspended liquid container or sand container) and be rigidly or loosely connected to the vehicle floor or the vehicle floor structure or via an adjustable / controllable mechanism.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the separation / connection between protective structure or container and vehicle can have its own function (insulation zone, support structure) or consist of an empty or at least partially filled intermediate space; at least one wall of the protective structure or the container may be rigid or flexible / expandable / foldable; the wall of the protective structure or the container consists of a metallic (magnetic or non-magnetic) or non-metallic, single or multi-layer material; the inner wall of the protective structure or of the container can be provided with a lining, the lining preferably being formed by an introduced expandable, balloon-like sealing body or an inner skin, and the introduced body has a predetermined structure and contains elements integrated into this predetermined structure; the side of the protective structure or the container facing the threat consists of a high-strength metal or a high-strength plastic, such as GRP or CFRP (e.g. against ground abrasion); the side of the protective structure or the container facing the threat consists of a two-layer or multi-layer, loose or assembled structure; and / or the protective structure or the container can be collapsible, foldable, stackable or dismantled.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the protective structure or the container can be arranged parallel or at an angle to the vehicle floor or the vehicle floor protection structure; form an angle with the supporting structure or be variable / pivotable in inclination; be variable in height or thickness; be slidably arranged; and / or be provided at least partially with a (sealable) cover at the bottom or on the side.

It is also possible for technical elements (support elements, crumple zones, fabrics, partitions, protective elements) to be integrated into the protective structure or the container; the protective structure or the container contains predetermined breaking points or blow-out openings; the modules of a multi-part protective structure are permeably firmly or releasably connected to one another; and / or in the protective structure or the container fixed or loose structural elements are introduced and the space or the remaining volume can be filled or emptied.

Finally, for certain applications, the filler can be replaced in whole or in part by a solid body (eg homogeneous plate, pressed body), by inserted bodies (eg rods), by filled bodies or by a granulate; the Protective structure or the container can contain pressure-generating elements, wherein the pressure-generating elements can preferably be triggered in a controlled manner and the protective structure or the container is moved in front of / under the bow and / or in front of the chain or the front wheel over the ground.

The above and other features and advantages and the principle of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a simplified, schematic front view of an armored vehicle with a protective arrangement attached to the underside according to the present

Invention;

2 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of the floor area with three mine protection examples with different underbody contours;

2A, as a detail from FIG. 2, a detonating blast or P charge mine and the pressure distribution caused by both functional units in a protective device filled with a liquid filler;

3 shows a further schematic cross-sectional illustration of the floor area with a chamber or module-like mine protection arrangement;

4 shows the schematic cross-sectional representation of the tub area of a wheeled vehicle with sloping flanks and a mine protection arrangement adapted to it;

5 shows the schematic cross-sectional representation of the tub area of a wheeled vehicle with oblique flanks and a drawn-in (concave) floor area with adapted additive mine protection modules;

6 shows the schematic cross-sectional representation of the tub area of a wheeled vehicle with sloping flanks and a movable mine protection module in the floor area;

7 shows the schematic cross-sectional representation of the tub area of a wheeled vehicle with sloping flanks with modular mine protection chambers and area protection in the area of the floor; 8 shows the schematic cross-sectional representation of the tub area of a wheeled vehicle with oblique flanks and a curtain grille under the vehicle floor with liquid protection introduced;

9 shows the schematic cross-sectional illustration of the tub area of a wheeled vehicle with sloping flanks and a convex floor area with adapted additive mine protection modules;

10 shows two examples of mine protection structures with a filling and emptying device (left) and a two-layer structure (right);

11 shows two examples of mine protection structures with a hollow body

Filled with a floor abrasion layer (left) and a damping layer

(right);

12 shows two examples of mine protection structures with a body layer and liquid layer containing compensation volumes (left) and a liquid layer with internal structural parts and a double abrasion or mine protection layer

(right);

13 shows two examples of mine protection structures with geometrically / structurally freely designed surfaces (left) and a double-wall mine protection module

(right);

14 shows two examples of mine protection structures with a mine protection module with cover (left), alternatively provided with inner chambers, and a damping layer consisting of plastically deformable bodies (right);

15 shows two examples of mine protection structures with a mine protection module with a lower shock-absorbing structure of the liquid chamber with an upstream one

Plate arrangement (left) and a liquid-filled chamber with a shock-absorbing upper structure (right);

16 shows the numerical 2D simulation of penetration of a homogeneous protective plate by a P-charge projectile; and FIG. 17 shows the numerical 2D simulation of the application of a protective structure with the same mass as FIG. 16 to an upstream liquid layer by means of a P-charge projectile.

The tracked vehicle 1 shown schematically in FIG. 1 as a front view passes over a subsoil / floor 2 with a blast, splinter or P-charge mine 3 embedded or buried therein. The lower front area 4 of the vehicle 1 is in this basic example with a with a liquid or a flowable medium filled with filler 19, flat mine protection 6, which is attached under the vehicle floor 5. This mine protection 6 can be effective alone or in combination with other mine protection devices in the area of the trough 4 or between 5 and 6. In the following description, in the case of the filler 19, the term liquid is often used, with all statements relating to this naturally also referring to mixtures and also to flowable media.

FIG. 2 shows the partial area below the vehicle floor 5 with four designs of the underbody in the case of areal mine protection arrangements in accordance with the present invention. This is an alternative to the flat mine protection structure 6A concave version 8, a folded convex lower contour 7 and a curved, also convex structure 44. Of course, a structure corresponding to 44 could also be concave. All arrangements 6A, 7, 8 and 44 are equipped / filled with a liquid or flowable medium 19. At this point in time, mine 3 is said to have detonated (3A) and has thereby formed a blast wave (shock front) 51 and / or a P-charge projectile 52. The speed arrows 50 for the spreading blast shock front 51 and the speed vector 49 for the P-charge projectile 52 are also shown.

FIG. 2A shows an enlarged section of FIG. 2. The detonated mine 3A and the two types of threats blast / shock front 51 emanating from it and the plate 52 formed in the case of a P charge are shown. Of course, all the types of threats mentioned, including fragmented charges, can also be used assume a single mine. When striking the load side of a mine protection module 6 filled with a liquid or a flowable medium, the load shock 51 is partially reflected on the surface 6A, runs through a possibly interposed arrangement / abrasion layer (see FIGS. 10 to 15) and is then in the Liquid layer 19 dissipates. The directions of propagation of the loads from the various threats are indicated by arrows. Just in case Blast loading, for example by arrows 50 for the spreading blast front outside the vehicle and by arrows 79 and 79A for a somewhat later point in time.

The mode of action of a liquid layer against a P-charge projectile 52 is shown in FIG. 2A. This should strike the mine-side boundary 6A or a possibly preceding abrasion layer 32 with the speed vector 49. Due to the inertia force exerted by the liquid surface and in particular also because of the force emanating from a thicker boundary (abrasion layer) 32, the impinging plate 52 is deformed (symbolically represented by the deformation states 52A, 52B) and thereby looses plate depending on the thickness ratio / Plate and the corresponding density ratio (i.e. mass ratio) of speed, represented by the corresponding speed vectors 49A and 49B. The penetrating solid body (52A, 52B) assumes a continuous pressure load on the liquid or the flowable medium 19, symbolized by the pressure field arrows 137 and 137A and 137B at later times in each case.

2A shows the high efficiency of a protective arrangement according to the present invention. Although the momentum and energy conservation rate apply here as well, the type of loading and in particular the time and location of the loading progress of the protective device are decisively changed for all threats from mines. This becomes particularly clear when comparing the penetration and penetration behavior of P-charge projectiles. If such a projectile hits a solid / a homogeneous plate, depending on its thickness, it is either punched out or the plate / disk penetrates under plastic deformation behavior. If one assumes, based on experience, that mine plates of common shapes and impact speeds of approximately 2000 ms plate thicknesses of medium strength steels up to half the plate diameter are punched through, it follows that in the case of homogeneous plates, the protective structures to be implemented on vehicles are practically always a punch breakdown must be expected (see the numerical simulation of such a process in FIG. 16). This means that breakdown capacities between 60 and 90 mm can be expected for plate or disc diameters of 120 to 180 mm. However, since the scatter with regard to a punching limit breakthrough also increases with the diameter, homogeneous armouring in the order of 500 to 800 kg / m ^{2 should be} provided. However, neither such thicknesses nor, in particular, such masses can be accepted even with heavy vehicle classes. In the case of wheeled vehicles, the thickness is generally less problematic because of the greater ground clearance, but the mass cannot be realized. The above considerations also apply to structured structures to a limited extent. Although these can better design the transmission of impulses or the distribution of impulses compared to homogeneous protection, they do not have the unique advantage of liquids or flowable media, which basically cannot transmit mechanical shear stresses and in which in the case of a liquid, there is always a uniform in There is a load spreading in all directions, just a hydrostatic or hydrodynamic pressure field. In the case of flowable media of higher density or viscosity, larger components in the original direction of loading are still to be expected at the beginning of the load, but directional dissipation will also occur relatively quickly here (see FIG. 2A).

Another, decisive advantage of the present invention is that the necessarily massive mine protection devices known to date against the aforementioned threats can be reduced to a minimum. And this on the one hand in the development of effects due to the processes described above, but on the other hand in particular in that the mine protection structure only has to be filled in an expected application. Since the times of an effective use or even a required readiness for use are short in relation to their service life, this results in a special advantage. Added to this is the multi-purpose capability of such structures. So it is quite conceivable that with appropriate interior linings the volumes are filled with fuel or with drinking water. If these linings or can be replaced by the modules, the possible uses are expanded considerably (see e.g. Figs. 13 and 14).

FIG. 3 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 2, but with examples of a modular mine protection on the underside 5 of the tub 4. On the left side in conjunction with the central floor unit, this consists of two joined or else separately arranged protection modules 9 and 10, which can be separated by a wall 12, for example. The wall 12 can include support functions or damping functions in the direction of both modules. It can separate the chambers 9 and 10 completely or be permeable. On the right side of the mine protection in FIG. 3, a single module 11 with an upper cover 15, the side walls 13 and 14 and the underside 16 is shown as a further design feature, which is connected to the vehicle floor 5 via the damping or connecting elements 17 , also via the damping or connecting element 18 to the module 10. The connection of the protection modules to the vehicle floor is to be designed depending on the design requirements or the technical design of the overall protection. In principle, the individual modules can also be positioned independently of one another. Of course, a desired connection between the vehicle floor 5 and the protective modules 9 and 10 can also take place, for example, by gluing, vulcanizing, welding, etc. Furthermore, the modules can in principle also be mounted in a fixed / permanent / rigid or detachable manner (for example by means of a screw connection).

FIG. 4 shows the simplified schematic cross-sectional representation of the tub area 21 of a wheeled vehicle 20 with the lower side parts / flanks 22 assumed here as inclined, as well as a flat floor area / underbody 23 in this example and a mine protection adapted to these areas. This consists of the flat floor protection module 24, the right side protection module 25 and the left side module 26. As in the previous examples, the protection modules according to the invention are again equipped / filled with a liquid or with a flowable medium 19. The considerations given above apply to the connections between the individual mine protection elements and the connection between mine protection and vehicle.

5 shows, corresponding to FIG. 4, the cross-sectional representation of the tub area 21 of a wheeled vehicle 127 with the oblique flanks 22 and a floor area 75 which is not flat here. In this example, the floor 75 is pulled inwards (convex). This design not only increases the stability of the floor, but also the ground clearance in the center of the vehicle. Such a contour can be generally advantageous with a load caused primarily by train detonation from a mine detonation. On the left side, as in FIG. 4, the flank 22 is again preceded by a mine protection module 139, which here encloses an angle 77 with the trough flank 22. This results in a wedge-shaped cavity 140 between 22 and 26A, which can be advantageous in the case of mine loading through the transitions against shock waves and also against P-charge projectiles.

On the right side of the example shown in FIG. 5, the flank 22 is protected by a plurality of mine protection modules 25A, 53 and 54. The flanks of the modules can run parallel to the tub or the inside or have a different outside angle (cf. module 53). Of course, it is also conceivable for the surface between 53 and 54 to have an angle with respect to 22 or with respect to the surface of the protection, or not to be even on the outside. On the In this example, the underside of the convex (retracted) trough 75 by means of the damping device / suspension 76 is preceded by a mine protection module 55 which is adapted to the contour of the underbody and which can further reinforce the advantages of such an arrangement already described. The liquid or the flowable medium can be specially adapted in the individual modules, ie they do not have to be identical. This fact is indicated by the deviating number 19A. It is also conceivable that the underbody 75 is constructed from a plurality of convex or concave strips, the upstream mine protection according to the invention either being adapted to this strip-like structure or being mounted in front of it in a planar manner.

FIG. 6 again shows the schematic cross-sectional representation of the tub area 21 of a wheeled vehicle 128 with the oblique flanks 22 on the left side, a stepped (similar to a wheel arch) flank version 144 on the right side and a flat floor area 5, upstream of this a mine protection 57 according to the invention which has also just been executed in this example and which is to be displaceable / lowerable in the direction of the threat 3 by means of a device 58. The lifting height between the initial and the final height above the floor can be set mechanically or e.g. can also be controlled by a sensor. In this way, in a special embodiment of this solution, the threat can be protected or disrupted while it is being trained, as close as possible to the threat 3. Such a measure can prevent the formation of the threats from 3A or at least seriously disrupt / reduce them. Of course, a vehicle can also be equipped with several of these devices. It is also conceivable that such an element is not only moved parallel to the floor or flank or bow structure, but is rotated relative to these surfaces. It may also be advantageous to provide a transition plate 100 at the transition between the side parts 22 and the upper vehicle structure of 128 (see left side of FIG. 6), which e.g. may include another protective chamber 141. This can be hollow or filled. With such a structure 57, the appropriate protection of the flank 22 can be dispensed with if the dimensions are appropriate.

A further variant, which is interesting when taking into account vehicle or application-specific requirements when designing vehicles, results from the fact that one or more modules are arranged so as to be displaceable with respect to the vehicle underbody or with respect to the side areas. This means that areas or openings can be released for maintenance purposes, for example, without having to forego basic protection of these subareas. FIG. 7 shows the schematic cross-sectional representation of the tub area 21 of a wheeled vehicle 129 with the inclined flanks 22. On the left side, the flank 22 is protected by means of modular mine protection chambers 114. The modules 114 can be provided with a cover / a cover plate 116. This can serve to smooth the outer structure as well as perform protective functions. On the right side, the strip-shaped or box-shaped modules 1 14A are open. In addition, these blow-out openings 115 have dynamic pressure relief in the event of an application.

In this exemplary embodiment, shown in FIG. 7, for a modular mine protection for a wheeled vehicle, the underbody has area-dependent protection (which differs in part in type or in thickness), which of course can also be advantageously implemented in all other vehicles. Here it consists of modules 117 and 118, into which a comparatively thick module 119 according to the present invention is integrated. Partially particularly effective protection can also be achieved by providing double protection in accordance with the invention on the corresponding surfaces.

A particularly simple but highly efficient mine protection according to the present invention can also be achieved by means of a simple improvisation, as is shown by way of example in the cross-sectional illustration in FIG. 8. It is a grille 120 which is suspended from a floor structure 23 of the wheeled vehicle 130 by means of the device 121, into which, in the simplest case, a container which can be filled or has already been filled with a liquid (for example in the manner of an air mattress) 122 or several containers 122A (example on the right-hand side Eg inserted in chambers with webs 145). To underline once again that the fillings according to the present invention can be varied within very wide limits, the module 122 should be filled with the liquid or the flowable medium 19B. The suspension device 143 or 143A for the grid (s) 120 can again be detachable or fixed. It is also conceivable to vary this simple device 120 with regard to its height position and also its position with respect to the vehicle floor.

In the simplest case, it is conceivable to cover the grid 120 with simple, filled components, bags or sacks if necessary (see FIG. 8 on the right). These can either be secured against displacement by means of provided chambers or simply tied down. A technically somewhat more sophisticated variant results from the fact that a simple structure corresponding to 120, for example from the side, from the front, from the rear or also from below with inserted boxes, containers, bags or other moving, liquid-fillable parts.

In a very extensive refinement of these possibilities, it is also conceivable that such a mine protection largely detached from the structure of a vehicle is used in special application scenarios as a container / tub towed under the bow or in front of the vehicle. Such a protective measure against the chains or the front wheels is also conceivable.

FIG. 9 shows the cross-sectional illustration of the tub area 21 of a wheeled vehicle 131 with inclined flanks 22A and a convex floor area 142, here consisting of two beveled areas, with adapted additive mine protection modules. These consist of the modules 125/125 A, which partially protect the surface 22 A here, and the underbody modules 123, 124. The outer contours 126 of the side modules 125, 125A can be designed as desired - this naturally also applies to all the other modules shown.

10 to 15 a series of design examples of mine protection arrangements according to the invention is compiled. Also shown are the blast wave / shock front 50 emanating from the detonated mine and a P-charge projectile 52. The speed arrows 51 for the expanding blast / shock front and the speed vector 49 for the P-charge projectile are also shown. In all examples it is assumed that they are upstream of the tub floor 5 or the lower side structure of a vehicle 22. The connection can be fixed or detachable, damped or undamped. The modules shown can in principle cover larger areas, be linear (strip-like) or also consist of relatively small partial areas that can be optimized according to their positions.

10 shows two examples of mine protection structures. On the left is a structure 59 with a filling device, consisting of an inlet opening / an inlet valve 45 and the arrow 46 symbolizing a filling, and an emptying device (the valve / closure 45 and the symbol for the emptying option 47). This is a two-layer structure, in which the threat is initially opposed by an abrasion layer (thin lining) 32, followed by a layer 132 filled with the liquid or the flowable medium 19. The liquid layer 132 can only be filled with a liquid, or but, for example for shock absorption, for Avoiding fluid movement or to contain a structure or tissue 27 for internal shock absorption.

The right example of FIG. 10 shows a two-layer liquid structure 60. This consists of an upper mine protection chamber 28, which is to be filled with a liquid or with a flowable medium, and a lower mine protection chamber 29, which either has the same medium 19 or can be filled with another medium 19A. The separation between 28 and 29 takes place by means of a partition 30, which may also contain a connection 48. It goes without saying that all of the examples shown can be provided with filling and emptying devices. A large number of combinations from the examples shown and also with further refinements in accordance with the present invention is also possible.

11 shows two further examples of mine protection structures. On the left is a structure 61 with a liquid protective layer 133, which is to contain hollow body 31. These can have shock-absorbing properties and can also serve as compensation volumes, particularly during the stress phase. The liquid layer 133 is preceded by an abrasion layer 32 A, which here is to be separated from 133 by an interspace 69. This cavity has the effect that this protective element can deform (bulge) dynamically for a certain distance when it is subjected to 32 A before it strikes the subsequent layer 133. Such a structure which consumes energy and thus reduces / avoids the further load is particularly advantageous in the case of a larger overall height available.

The right example of FIG. 11 shows a two-layer structure 62. This consists of an upper, liquid-filled / liquid-fillable protective chamber 70, which is to be separated from the lower, also filled with a liquid / fillable protective chamber 71 by means of a dynamically effective insulation layer 33. The insulation layer 33 can consist, for example, of a homogeneous, structured or provided with chambers (or individual bodies with impact-reducing plastic deformation behavior). The layer 33 can also consist of a connection layer between 70 and 71, e.g. a Velcro connection or a rubber layer. The statements made under Fig. 10 / right apply to the filling of 70 and 71.

Fig. 12 shows two further examples of mine protection structures. A liquid layer 134 containing compensation volumes 35 is shown in the left structure 63. These compensation volumes can also include an inner structure 138 with properties that support the protective performance. In addition, the liquid or the flowable medium 19 also contain bodies that have a specific dynamic behavior when exposed to mines. The position and the size of these equalizing volumes as well as the material to be chosen for the covering must be optimized in accordance with the protective structures. For example, they can be fixed or even loosely inserted.

The right example of Fig. 12 shows a further structure 64. This consists of a mine protection chamber 135, which e.g. a perforated inner structure / dynamically effective deformation surfaces 36 or 36A. Such a structure can both result in a subdivision of 135 into individual chambers (which can be tightly connected to one another or connected to one another) and also positively influence the dynamic behavior, for example through shock-reducing and energy-absorbing plastic properties. In this example, the chamber 135 filled with a liquid or a flowable medium 19 is preceded by a sandwich, which here consists of a two-plate structure with the upper layer 42 and the lower abrasion layer 43.

13 shows two further examples of mine protection structures according to the invention. On the left is a structure 65 filled with a liquid 19, which has an upper cover 72 provided with depressions. This contains 5 elevations / webs for receiving fastenings 17 on the trough bottom, which are to be dimensioned according to the desired freedom of deformation of 72. The elevations 73 can represent damping elements which, in conjunction with the damping elements 17, serve to fasten 65 to the underbody 5. Of course, only one damping, ie 73 or 17, can also be provided. The lower cover 74 of FIG. 65 here has a folded structure, which in turn can carry a lower abrasion layer 32. In this way, particularly good damping of the threats that occur is already to be expected at the beginning of the end penetration into the protective structure 65.

The right example of FIG. 13 shows a double-walled structure 66. This consists of an inner chamber 38 and an outer chamber 39, which enclose the volume / cavity 1 13. This volume can either be hollow or contain a medium. The inner chamber 38 is again filled with a liquid or a flowable medium. In accordance with the above considerations, filling and emptying devices are also shown here by way of example.

14 shows two further examples of mine protection structures. A structure 67 with a mine protection module 81 with a cover 82 on the underside is shown on the left. Such an open system can also be used to subsequently set rigid ones Structures are brought into the interior of 81. Alternatively, the interior of 67 can also be provided with an interior structure 110. This can be rigid or flexible and consist of individual chambers. The chambers can be sealed off from one another via the partition walls 11 1 or can also be connected by means of openings 112. The cover 82 can be provided with a seal 83 if necessary. Of course, such a cover can also be located on the side or, if accessible, also on the top of 67.

The right example of FIG. 14 shows a three-layer structure 68. This consists of an upper cover layer 136, which is separated from the actual mine protection chamber 146 by a damping layer 84. The purpose of the damping layer 84 is to largely reduce the deformations which still pass through the chamber 146. This can e.g. happen through plastically highly deformable bodies 147, such as e.g. are detailed in EP 0 897 097 A2.

15 shows two further examples of mine protection structures according to the invention. A structure 101 with a protection module 104 is shown on the left, which is provided on the underside with a shock-absorbing structure 103. This structure 103 is preceded by a relatively easily deformable double-layer plate arrangement, which here is to consist of plates 105 and 106. The desired easy deformability should lead to a rapid evasion of this upstream layer in the event of a mine impact and thus to the rapid connection of a contaminated area. In conjunction with the subsequent liquid layer and its special dynamic properties, this leads to a rapid reduction in the destructive performance of the threats.

The right example of FIG. 15 shows a structure 102 corresponding to 101. Here, however, the liquid chamber of 107 has a wave-like structure 108 in the transition to FIG. 5, which builds up spaces 109 between 5 and 108. They too can have good shock-absorbing properties and reduce or completely prevent the formation of bumps in the subsequent structure 5. BE ZUG SIGN LIST

schematic front view of a tracked vehicle ground / underground mine A detonated mine 3 lower bow area / tub vehicle floor areal mine protection A flat mine protection outer geometry ^' concave mine protection outer geometry concave mine protection outer geometry left chamber / left mine protection module middle chamber / middle floor module right chamber / right mine protection -Module partition left module- Cover of 11 right module side wall of 11 upper module side wall of 11 lower module wall of 11 Damping / connecting element between 11 and 5 Damping / connecting element between 10 and 11 liquid or flowable medium A another example for Liquid or flowable medium B further example of liquid or flowable medium schematic cross section of a wheeled vehicle vehicle tub of 20 tub flank A flank of 131 floor area of 21 A floor area of 131 floor mine protection module example of right mine protection side module example for r left mine protection side module structure, fabric upper mine protection chamber from 60 lower mine protection chamber from 60 partition between 28 and 29 hollow bodies in 19 or 61 abrasion layer / upstream plate on the underside of 6 A abrasion layer / upstream plate insulation layer between 70 and 71 bodies in 19 compensation volume A compensation volume with internal structure internal structure / dynamic deformation surfaces A abrasion layer / upstream plate double-walled mine protection structure inner wall of 37 outer wall of 37 example of floor design of 24 example of cover design of 24 upper abrasion layer (voφanzierung) of 64 lower abrasion layer of 64 curved (convex) mine protection valve / opening / closure symbol arrow for filling symbol arrow for Emptying connection between 28 and 29 speed vector of 52 A speed vector of 49 B speed vector of 49 speed arrows of the shock front 51 blast wave / shock front of 3 A P-charge projectile of 3A A deformed P-charge projectile B deformed P-charge projectile outer layer of the side mine protection device for 22 inner layer of the side mine protection device for 22 concave mine protection module before 75 suspension / damping / connection between 23 and 24 curtain-type mine protection module suspension device for 57 Example of mine protection construction according to the invention Example of mine protection construction according to the invention Example of mine protection construction according to the invention Example of mine protection construction according to the invention Example of mine protection construction according to the invention Example of mine protection construction according to the invention Example of mine protection construction according to the invention Example of mine protection construction according to the invention Example of Mine protection structure according to the invention Example of mine protection structure according to the invention Cavity between 32 A and 61 upper mine protection chamber from 62 lower mine protection chamber from 62 Example of upper cover of 65 damping / connecting element between 5 and 65 Example of lower cover design from 65 drawn inwards (convex) Floor area damping / suspension between 75 and 55 angle between floor and mine protection module Blast / propagation wave Pressure field due to the blast load 6A A spreading pressure field due to the blast load in 6A P-charge plate / projectile A impacting P-charge plate B reshaped P-load plate C reshaped P-load plate open housing (bottom or side) cover seal Damping layer made of plastic deformation bodies homogeneous mine protection plate A deformed plate 85 vehicle side of 85 suspension / abutment of 85 mine protection plate suspension / abutment of 88 upstream liquid module mine side cover / abrasion layer 91 91 A deformed abrasion layer

92 bump

93 from 85 punched plates

94 impact velocity vector of 52 95 residual velocity vector of 93 and 52

96 P-charge projectile 52 formed in the liquid layer

97 of 96 trapped liquid

98 radially spreading liquid of the original module 90

99 vector of dynamic bulge 92 100 flank baffle

100A protection chamber

101 Example of mine protection structure according to the invention

102 Example of mine protection structure according to the invention

103 lower structure of the liquid chamber 104 104 liquid chamber

105 space between the lower structure 103

106 Multilayer Voφanzer

107 liquid chamber

108 upper structure of the liquid chamber 107 109 space between the upper structure 108

110 internal structure introduced in 67 (flexible / rigid)

111 partition

112 connection

11 space between 38 and 39 114 left side module of 22

114A right side module of FIG. 22

1 15 blow-out opening of 114A

1 16 Outside protection before 114

117 left bottom liquid chamber 118 right bottom liquid chamber

119 thick liquid area protection

120 curtain grid / suspended structure

121 suspension for 120

122 in 120 liquid protection 122A in 120 containers

123 lower left protective chamber of 131

124 lower right protective chamber of 131

125 side chamber of 131 126 outer contour of 125

127 wheeled vehicle with convex underbody contour

128 wheeled vehicle with curtain-proof mine protection module

129 wheeled vehicle with area-dependent protection 130 wheeled vehicle with suspended mine protection

131 wheeled vehicle with concave underbody contour

132 liquid layer

133 liquid-filled protective layer

134 liquid-filled protective layer 135 upper mine protection chamber from 64

136 upper protective plate

137 pressure field through P-charge projectile 137A pressure field through P-charge projectile 137B pressure field through P-charge projectile 138 interior structure of 35

139 flank mine protection module

140 cavity formed by 77 between 22 and 26

141 protective chamber

142 convex base area 143 suspension device for 120

143A suspension device for 120

144 tub side / wheel arch

145 web / partition

146 mine protection chamber 147 body with high plastic deformation capacity

Claims

EXPECTATIONS

1. Protection arrangement for armored and unarmored vehicles (1) against a threat from blast, splinter and / or projectile-forming mines (3), d adurc h geken nzei chn et that the vehicle floor (5) or a vehicle floor protection structure on the The side facing the threat (3) is provided with a protective structure (6) or a container which is at least partially filled with a filler (19) made of a liquid or a flowable medium.

2. Protection arrangement according to claim 1, in which the protective structure or the container can be filled and / or emptied.

3. Protection arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the protective structure or the container can be filled and / or emptied externally or by means of a reservoir.

4. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the protective structure or the container on the side facing the threat contains a fixed or detachable, single or multi-layer Voφanzerung.

5. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the protective structure or the container is constructed in one part or in several parts.

6. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the protective structure or the container is rigid or intrinsically stable.

7. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the protective structure or the container is flexible, in particular made of a flexible plastic material.

8. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which the protective structure or the container is constructed in one or more layers.

, Protective arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 8, in which the protective structure or the container is integrated into the vehicle floor or the underside of the vehicle floor protection structure or is fixedly or detachably mounted thereon.

10. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which the filler consists of a homogeneous liquid or a one-component or pure flowable medium.

11. Protection arrangement according to claim 10, wherein the filler is a liquid of any viscosity up to paraffin-like, gelatinous or colloidal substances.

12. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the filler consists of a mixture.

13. Protection arrangement according to claim 12, wherein the filler contains an additive such as an anti-corrosion agent, a dye or an agent with specific properties.

14. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 13, in which the filler consists of several different bodies or substances.

15. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which solid or hollow metallic or non-metallic bodies are introduced into the filler.

16. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 15, in which the filler itself has shock-absorbing and / or energy-consuming properties.

17. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the filler is frost-proof.

18. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 17, in which the liquid properties of the filler are generated and / or maintained by means of heat.

19. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 18, in which the protective structure or the container is constructed in a planar, linear or grid-like manner or represents a protective structure or a container with a free surface geometry.

20. Protective arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 18, in which the protective structure or the container performs a multiple function either itself or by replacing the module (e.g. water container, fuel tank, etc.).

21. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the protective structure or the container contains at least one compensation volume.

22. Protective arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 21, in which the protective structure or the container is fastened / suspended in a shock-absorbing manner.

23. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 22, in which the protective structure or the container is integrated in a sloping side surface of the vehicle floor or the vehicle floor protection structure facing the floor or is connected upstream thereof.

24. Slot arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 23, in which the protective structure or the container is constructed in multiple layers and is detachably or firmly joined or arranged separately.

25. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 24, in which the protective structure or the container is an element that is independent of the vehicle floor or the vehicle floor protection structure and is connected to the vehicle floor or the vehicle floor structure rigidly or loosely or via an adjustable / controllable mechanism ,

26. Protective arrangement according to claim 25, in which the protective structure or the container is suspended or can be lowered from the vehicle floor or the vehicle floor protection structure.

27. Protection arrangement according to claim 25 or 26, in which the separation / connection between the protective structure or container and vehicle has its own function (insulation zone, support structure) or consists of an empty or at least partially filled intermediate space.

28. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 27, in which at least one wall of the protective structure or the container is rigid or flexible / stretchable / foldable.

29. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the wall of the protective structure or the container consists of a metallic (magnetic or anti-magnetic) or non-metallic, single or multi-layer material.

30. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 29, wherein the inner wall of the protective structure or the container is provided with a lining.

31. Protection arrangement according to claim 30, wherein the lining is formed by an introduced expandable, balloon-like sealing body or an inner skin.

32. Protection arrangement according to claim 31, in which the introduced body has a predetermined structure and contains elements integrated into this predetermined structure.

33. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 32, in which the side of the protective structure or the container facing the threat consists of a high-strength metal or a high-strength plastic, such as GRP or CFRP.

34. Protection arrangement according to claim 33, in which the side of the protective structure or the container facing the threat consists of a two-layer or multi-layer, loose or assembled structure.

35. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 34, in which the protective structure or the container is collapsible, foldable, stackable or can be dismantled.

36. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 35, in which the protective structure or the container is arranged parallel or at an angle to the vehicle floor or the vehicle floor protection structure.

37. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the protective structure or the container with the supporting structure encloses an angle or the inclination is variable / pivotable.

38. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 37, in which the protective structure or the container is variable in height or thickness.

39. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 38, in which the protective structure or the container is arranged displaceably.

40. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 39, in which the protective structure or the container at least partially on the bottom or on the side with a

(sealable) cover is provided.

41. Protective arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 40, in which technical elements (support elements, crumple zones, fabric, partition walls, protective elements) are integrated in the protective structure or the container.

42. Protective arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 41, in which the protective structure or the container contains predetermined breaking points or blow-out openings.

43. Protective arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 42, in which the modules of a multi-part protective structure are permeably firmly or releasably connected to one another.

44. Protective arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 43, in which firmly positioned or loose structural elements are introduced into the protective structure or the container and the intermediate space or the remaining volume can be filled or emptied.

45. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1, 4-9, 20, 22-41 and 44, in which the filler by a solid body (eg homogeneous plate, pressed body), by inserted body (eg rods), by filled body or by a granulate is at least partially replaced.

46. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 45, wherein the protective structure or the container contains pressure-generating elements.

47. Protection arrangement according to claim 46, in which the pressure-generating elements can be triggered in a controlled manner.

48. Protection arrangement according to claim 47, wherein the protective structure or the container is moved in front of / under the bow and / or in front of the chain or the front wheel over the ground.