EP1554525B1 - Device for producing, storing, and supplying heat to an area to be heated - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for producing, storing and supplying heat to an area to be heated, said device comprising a combustion chamber (12) which is defined and surrounded by an envelope (14) consisting of a fireproof material, a combustion device (46) which is arranged in the combustion chamber (12) and can be supplied with a gas/air mixture, and an air evacuation duct (84) arranged in a lower region (80) of the combustion chamber (12). Said combustion chamber (12) is sealed from the gas/air mixture which is supplied to the combustion device (46) and to be burned, and the combustion device (46) is embodied as a fully pre-mixed gas jet burner (48) with a combustion medium (50) having a homogeneous, permeable matt structure or the like.

Description

The invention relates to a device for generating, storing and dispensing heat to a room to be heated.

Such devices, such as a conventional tiled stove, are well known. Such a device comprises a shell of refractory material, such as chamotte, surrounding and thus confining a combustion chamber. In the combustion chamber, the proposed heating medium, such as fuel oil or wood, is burned, whereby heat is generated. This heat is then released from these devices, optionally after (short-term) storage, to a room to be heated. In FR 2 052 009 such gas and air supplyable apparatus for generating, storing and releasing heat to a room to be heated is described. In addition, DE 43 29 726 C2 shows a tile basic furnace, which is bricked up from firebricks. The tile basic furnace is fired by means of a gas burner. Between the gas burner and the chimney connection a shut-off device is arranged. The shut-off device can be electronically actuated by a servomotor in such a way that the flow of fresh air when the gas burner is at a standstill is largely prevented. In the wall, an opening is provided, which can be closed by a Anheizklappe. The Anheizklappe is opened and closed by a second actuator. Furthermore, the CH 467 is a ventilation gas stove with refractory insert for storing heat. The combustion chamber limiting jacket is provided with an outer lining of cast iron and includes Sheets of refractory material for heat storage. Further, US Pat. No. 2,542,124 discloses a heater having a combustor for burning liquid fuel such as gasoline or oil. The liquid fuel is supplied to the combustion device via a line. This pipe is housed in a tube with a slightly larger diameter. One end of the tube opens into the combustion chamber below the burner. The other end extends to below the bottom of the heater. The ends are each open to connect the combustion chamber with the atmosphere. Finally, FR 1.448.343 discloses a combustion device in the form of a gas burner, the combustion chamber of which is at least partially accessible from the outside via an opening or the like, the opening being closable via a transparent door.

However, such devices have all proven to be relatively disadvantageous in practice. First, the generated exhaust gases generally have 100 ° C and more. This in turn is associated with large heat losses. Not least as a result results in such devices, the additional requirement to provide diameter of the fireplace or the exhaust duct of at least 200 mm, which inevitably increases the size of such devices and their application possibilities are significantly reduced with only a small footprint. Likewise, active measures for cooling the exhaust air or the exhaust gas are required. On the other hand, the combustion chamber is not completed with respect to the fuel to be supplied, whereby the combustion characteristics and temperature profiles are not kept constant. Not least as a result, these devices usually have an efficiency of only about 60%. Along with this, particularly high costs are incurred in the operation of such devices. Finally, such devices are usually assembled in place from a variety of components and then permanently installed. A transport option of these devices is therefore locked out.

Moreover, EP-A1-0 641 974 discloses as the closest prior art a device for generating, storing and releasing heat to a room to be heated, comprising a combustion chamber surrounded by a shell of refractory material and formed of fireclay , A combustion device arranged in the combustion chamber, with a gas / air mixture supplyable and an exhaust duct. According to GB-A1-823469, the exhaust air duct is further arranged in the lower region of the combustion chamber. The gas burner according to US-A1-4,639,213 is designed as a gas radiation burner with a burner medium of a homogeneous, permeable mat structure. The use of a device for automatic adjustment of the gas / air is known for example from EP-A1-0 036 364. Furthermore, in the apparatus according to GB-A1-823,469, a plate extending substantially horizontally and extending in or parallel to a plane spanned by the burner medium is provided in the region of the bottom of the combustion chamber to form a space via which the second supply line to Supply of air and the means for adjusting the air / gas ratio communicate. Finally, the discharge is still associated with the device according to the US-A1-5,479,916 means for increasing the prevailing negative pressure therein.

The invention is based on the object of providing a device for generating, storing and dispensing heat to a room to be heated, with which the above disadvantages can be prevented, which consequently has a very high degree of efficiency combined with very low operating costs, which as far as possible lowers the temperature of the exhaust gas, thereby avoiding large heat losses, thereby significantly reducing the diameter of the exhaust pipe and thus can significantly improve the potential applications, and which constructive particularly simple, compact, stable and at the same time transportable.

This object is achieved in a surprisingly simple manner by the features of claim 1.

Accordingly, can be achieved by the embodiment of the inventive device for generating, storing and releasing heat to a room to be heated with the features of claim 1, a device that has a high efficiency and / or efficiency and thus entails extremely low operating costs , At the same time, the temperatures of the exhaust gas can be lowered by about half the temperature of conventional devices in the inventive device. Due to the fact that the combustion chamber is closed or quasi isolated from the gas / air mixture supplied to the combustor and to be burned, any additional combustion is excluded in the combustion chamber. At the same time an increase in the flame temperature and a deteriorated efficiency due to a significantly increased temperature profile of the exhaust air and the exhaust gas are avoided at the same time. Of particular importance for a simple, also extremely variable handling of the device according to the invention are the technical features, according to which the combustion device is provided with a device for automatically adjusting the gas / air ratio of the gas / air mixture to be burned. More preferably, the combustor further comprises a fully premixed radiant gas burner to which a burner medium having a homogeneous, permeable mat structure or the like is associated. The gas-jet burner, which acts as an injector burner, and the burner medium, which radiates or glows infrared in the form of a mat or plate made of ceramic, lead to a very powerful construction of the device according to the invention as a whole. Thus, a large area distributed heat transfer is possible due to the large surface of the burner medium. Not least resulting results in an extremely cost-effective operation of the device. Along with this, with the device according to the invention, large heat losses and large diameters of the associated chimney or the corresponding exhaust air line can be avoided. Alone due to the latter advantage results in improved and diverse possibilities in the use of the device according to the invention. Accordingly, a separate chimney connection can be completely avoided. Finally, the device according to the invention has a very simple, compact and stable construction and also allows their transport from one place to another. In that regard, it is basically possible to move the device without much effort from one place to another and then to put it back into operation.

Further advantageous details of the device according to the invention are described in claims 2 to 27.

Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention that the gas-jet burner according to claim 2 has a housing, at the top of which the burner medium is arranged facing the combustion chamber and into which the device opens for automatically adjusting the gas / air ratio of the gas / air mixture to be burned ,

According to the features of claim 3, the burner medium is formed of ceramic. Preferably, the burner medium is formed of ceramic fibers, which are coated in particular with silicon carbide and welded together. The burner medium is powerful and forms a stable, self-supporting mat structure. Already seconds after the ignition the full radiation is reached. After switching off the burner, the radiation is completed. Their surface cools down immediately. In this way, a long preheating before ignition and the generation of residual heat are avoided. An accurate and optimal control is guaranteed. In addition, homogeneous and cost-effective radiation results from the homogeneous mat structure. Finally, such a mat structure has a very long service life.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the combustion chamber limiting coat of refractory material according to claim 4 may be additionally provided with an outer lining.

In this context, the technical features of claims 5 to 8 are of extremely great interest, namely that the largely visible outer lining at least partially of stone, especially natural stone, preferably marble, granite or soapstone, or artificial stone, ceramic, refractory glass or metal, in particular Cast steel, structural steel, aluminum or an alloy thereof, or a combination thereof is / are formed. Where appropriate, is / are the rear, the combustion chamber bounding jacket and / or the rear outer panel designed heat-insulating, ie consists / consist of thermal insulation material, such as plates of thermal clay.

The fact that the combustion chamber limiting coat of refractory material according to the features of claim 9 is taken up and supported by a frame, a particularly simple, compact and stable construction can be achieved, which also after completed construction without much effort a degradation of the device according to the invention , whose transport and subsequent construction of the device allows elsewhere.

It is expediently within the scope of the invention that the frame according to claim 10 comprises a bottom element, corner connected to the bottom element, angular longitudinal support members and connected to the side members, substantially adapted to the base of the bottom element and circumferential head element.

In an advantageous embodiment is further provided according to the invention that the frame according to the technical features of claim 11 made of steel, in particular stainless steel, preferably made of stainless steel is formed. In this way, the frame and, consequently, the entire device according to the invention is extremely resistant and, for example, insensitive to condensate forming in the combustion chamber.

Conveniently, the first supply line for supplying the gas according to claim 12 via at least one, in particular two, valve / e, preferably solenoid valve / e, can be opened and closed.

For precise adjustment of the temperature in the room to be heated on the one hand and / or the heating cycle on the other hand is the first supply line for supplying the gas thereby according to the measures of claim 13 via a temperature sensor and / or a timer, which is arranged in the room to be heated / are and cooperates with a control device / cooperate operable.

In practice, it has proven to be advantageous according to claim 14, that the first supply line for supplying the gas has a diameter approximately between 4 to 12 mm, in particular of 8 mm.

According to claim 15, the second supply line for supplying the air with the room to be heated communicates directly. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable in a purely constructive sense that the second supply line for supplying the air can preferably be passed through a wall of the room to be heated and, in this respect, is in communication with the outside environment of the room to be heated.

According to claim 16, the second supply line for supplying the air has a diameter approximately between 20 and 40 mm, in particular of 30 mm.

To simplify the handling of the device according to the invention further serve the features of claim 17. Accordingly, the gas-jet burner is associated with an ignition electrode, a piezo-ignition device or the like to the gas / air mixture for operating the device according to the invention in simple and at the same time reliable way to ignite.

Moreover, it is within the scope of the invention to associate with the gas-jet burner according to the features of claim 18 a thermocouple which cooperates with the at least one arranged in the first supply line for supplying the gas valve for opening and closing the first supply line for supplying the gas. That way you can get a very secure device for generating, storing and releasing heat. When the flame of the combustor extinguished namely the supply of gas is automatically closed to the burner and thus the gas supply is interrupted altogether. The thermocouple is assigned according to claim 19 of the ignition electrode or the piezo-ignition device.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the exhaust pipe is arranged according to claim 20 in the rear region of the combustion chamber, in particular on the rear side.

Due to the structural design of the device according to the invention as a whole, although it is not absolutely necessary that the exhaust pipe is assigned according to claim 21, a device for emptying condensed water. However, such a device leads to a further improvement of the device according to the invention.

According to claim 22, a device for increasing the negative pressure prevailing therein is preferably arranged in the exhaust air line, which comprises a housing with an opening, via which supply air from the room to be heated in the exhaust duct can be inserted or sucked.

By the measures of claim 23, to arrange the exhaust pipe at a slight distance from the bottom of the combustion chamber, it is ensured that, for example, due to very specific operating conditions formed condensation can not escape into the exhaust air duct. The condensation water thus formed is rather collected at the bottom of the exhaust duct or the combustion chamber and dissolved until the next startup of the device according to the invention.

Of very particular interest for a very high efficiency and / or efficiency of the device according to the invention are the features of claim 24, according to which Exhaust air duct in the vertical direction about 150 mm to about 350 mm, in particular about 240 mm, is arranged above the plane spanned by the surface of the burner medium level. In this way it is ensured that the exhaust air discharged through the exhaust duct or the exhaust gas has a temperature of about 30 ° C to a maximum of about 50 ° C, without additional cooling measures, for example by means of active water cooling circuit, etc. Heat losses and thus a drop in the Efficiency, as can be observed in conventional devices of this type are thus excluded.

Of particular importance continue to be the features of claim 25, according to which the exhaust duct communicates with the outside environment of the room to be heated. Not least because of the overall construction and operation of the device according to the invention-S device that allows the smallest dimensions of the exhaust pipe, no separate fireplace is required or other structural measures to be taken for connecting the exhaust duct to such.

According to the features of claim 26, the second supply line and the exhaust pipe are end provided with a windbreak or the like.

Finally, it is still within the scope of the invention that the combustion chamber according to claim 27 via an opening or the like is at least partially accessible from the outside, wherein the opening via a, in particular transparent, closing device or the like window or door is sealingly closed. The opening can be used for maintenance, repair and other inspection work of arranged in the combustion chamber combustion device used.

Further features, advantages and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention and from the drawings.

Fig. 1

eine teilweise aufgebrochene Seitenansicht einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Vorrichtung,

Fig. 2

eine Querschnittsansicht durch die Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gemäß Linie II-II in Fig. 1, ohne eine erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Platte,

Fig. 3

eine Querschnittsansicht durch die Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gemäß Linie III in Fig. 1, mit einer erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Platte,

Fig. 4

eine Vorderansicht der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gemäß Pfeil IV in Fig. 2,

Fig. 5

eine teilweise aufgebrochene Seitenansicht einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Rahmengestells der Vorrichtung nach den Fig. 1 bis 4,

Fig. 6

eine Draufsicht auf die Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Rahmengestells gemäß Fig. 5,

Fig. 7

eine teilweise abgebrochene Querschnittsansicht durch die Ausführungsform des Rahmengestells gemäß Linie VII-VII in Fig. 6, in vergrößerter Darstellung,

Fig. 8A bis 8D

eine Seitenansicht, eine Draufsicht, eine Unteransicht und eine Vorderansicht einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Brenneinrichtung entsprechend den Fig. 1 bis 7, in vergrößerter Darstellung,

Fig. 9

ein schematisches Blockschaltbild einer Einrichtung zum Betrieb der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,

Fig. 10A und 10B

eine Draufsicht und eine Abwicklung einer erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung zur Erhöhung des in der Abluftleitung herrschenden Unterdruckes,

Fig. 11

eine teilweise aufgebrochene Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Vorrichtung,

Fig. 12

eine Querschnittsansicht durch die Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gemäß Linie XII-XII in Fig. 11, und

Fig. 13

eine Vorderansicht der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gemäß Pfeil XIII in Fig. 12.

Hereby show:

Fig. 1

a partially broken side view of an embodiment of an inventive device,

Fig. 2

a cross-sectional view through the embodiment of the device according to the invention along the line II-II in Figure 1, without a plate according to the invention,

Fig. 3

a cross-sectional view through the embodiment of the device according to the invention along the line III in Fig. 1, with an inventively designed plate,

Fig. 4

a front view of the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to arrow IV in Fig. 2,

Fig. 5

1 is a partially broken side view of an embodiment of a frame according to the invention of the device according to FIGS. 1 to 4,

Fig. 6

a plan view of the embodiment of the frame according to the invention according to FIG. 5,

Fig. 7

a partially broken cross-sectional view through the embodiment of the frame according to line VII-VII in Fig. 6, in an enlarged view,

8A to 8D

1 a side view, a plan view, a bottom view and a front view of an embodiment of a combustion device according to the invention, corresponding to FIGS. 1 to 7, in an enlarged view,

Fig. 9

a schematic block diagram of a device for operating the device according to the invention,

Figs. 10A and 10B

a top view and a development of a device according to the invention for increasing the pressure prevailing in the exhaust pipe negative pressure,

Fig. 11

a partially broken side view of another embodiment of an inventive device,

Fig. 12

a cross-sectional view through the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to line XII-XII in Fig. 11, and

Fig. 13

a front view of the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to arrow XIII in Fig. 12.

In the following description of embodiments of devices 10 according to the invention for generating, storing and releasing heat to a room to be heated, corresponding, identical components are each provided with identical reference numerals.

The embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention for generating, storing and releasing heat to a space to be heated (not shown) shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 comprises a combustion chamber 12, which is surrounded and bounded by a shell 14 made of refractory material. The combustion chamber 12 limiting jacket 14 made of refractory material, preferably with heat-storing properties, is formed in the embodiment of the device 10 of FIGS. 1 to 4 of stones from fireclay, concrete, ceramic, clay or soapstone or a combination thereof. The individual stones have a thickness of about 3 cm in order to initially distribute the heat generated in the combustion chamber 12 in the combustion chamber 12 evenly, then to take up and store and finally deliver on the outside thereof to the room to be heated.

Instead of the construction of the shell 14 of individual stones, however, it is also conceivable to form the shell 14, for example, from mortar of fireclay, mixed with water glass, whereby a largely one-piece shell 14 can be obtained.

In the embodiment of the device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a plate 16 or the like is provided in the region of the bottom of the combustion chamber 12, which substantially extends horizontally. The plate 16 is a type of cover plate, for example a ring-shaped sheet of stainless steel, such as stainless steel. The plate 16, which will be described in more detail below, separates the actual combustion chamber 12 in the region of the bottom of the combustion chamber 12 from an underlying space 18.

Furthermore, the combustion chamber 12 bounding shell 14 made of refractory material with an outer lining 20 is provided. The outer lining 20 comprises at least partially plates made of stone, in particular natural stone, such as marble, granite or soapstone, or artificial stone, ceramic, refractory glass or metal, in particular cast steel, structural steel, stainless steel, aluminum or an alloy thereof, or a combination thereof. The outer panel 20 can therefore be adapted individually to the wishes and / or needs of customers. Thus, the appearance and external appearance of the device 10 can be made as many as different.

Preferably, the largely visible outer panel 20 is formed from such plates. It is in the present embodiment, the front side 22 and the two side surfaces 24, 26 of the device 10th

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, the outer lining 20 can optionally also be designed to be at least partially heat-insulating. In particular, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the outer lining 20 is constructed on the rear side 28 of the device 10 of thermal insulation material 30. A heat exchange via the back 28 of the device 10 is thus counteracted. The thermal insulation material 30 is covered with a rear wall 32 of, for example, galvanized sheet metal. The rear wall 32 serves on the one hand the holder of the thermal insulation material 30 and on the other hand the avoidance of mechanical damage of the thermal insulation material 30 by external action.

Alternatively, the rear side, the combustion chamber 12 limiting sheath 14 of thermal rubber or the like, for example in the form of plates, may be formed.

However, without being shown in detail, it is also conceivable that the outer panel 20 as a whole of plates made of stone, in particular granite, ceramic or metal, preferably cast steel, structural steel, aluminum or an alloy thereof, or a combination thereof, i. without such additional thermal insulation, form.

According to FIGS. 5 to 7, the jacket 14 delimiting the combustion chamber 12 made of refractory material is received and supported by a frame 34. Thus, the individual stones of chamotte are inserted into the frame 34, clamped and then sealed with chamotte. The individual plates of the outer panel 20 are previously used and then also held by the frame 34.

By the frame 34, the device 10 according to the invention receives a high stiffening. Such a construction brings with it the additional advantage that the device 10 can be transported quite simply overall.

The frame frame 34 in this case comprises a base element 36, four side rail elements 38 and a top element 40. The side rail elements 38 are angled, ie rectangular in the illustrated embodiment, configured and each corner connected to the bottom element 36, for example by screwing or welding. The head element 40 is substantially adapted to the base surface of the bottom element 36 and configured circumferentially. The head member 40 is in turn connected to the side rail members 38. As shown in Fig. 7, for this purpose, retaining plates 42 are respectively welded to the side rail members 38, on which the head element 40 comes to rest and is releasably secured by means of screws 44. The upper outer panel 20 in the form of a cover plate or the like is finally placed on the head member 40 and optionally fixed or secured against displacement. This can be done for example by means of bonding mortar from fireclay.

The frame 34 is preferably made of steel, in particular of stainless steel, such as stainless steel, in order to be insensitive to condensation water forming in the combustion chamber 12, for example.

Furthermore, the device 10 according to the invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, comprises a combustion device 46.
In this embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention, the combustion device 46 is designed as a gas radiation burner 48.

The gas-jet burner 48 is associated with a burner medium 50 having a homogeneous, permeable or perforated mat structure or the like. The burner medium 50 is formed of ceramic. Preferably, the burner medium 50 is made of ceramic fibers. The ceramic fibers are preferably coated with silicon carbide and welded together. The burner medium 50 is extremely powerful and forms a stable, self-supporting mat structure. Already seconds after ignition, the complete radiation, i. an infrared radiation, achieved. After switching off the gas jet burner 48, the radiation is terminated. The surface of the burner medium 50 cools down immediately.

As clearly shown in FIGS. 8A to 8D, the gas-jet burner 48 has a housing 52, on the upper side of which the burner medium 50 is arranged, facing the combustion chamber 12.

The gas radiation burner 48 can be supplied with gas via a first feed line 54 and a second feed line 56 with air.

The first supply line 54 is connected for this purpose, for example, with a gas cylinder, not shown. Likewise, the first supply line 54 communicate with a fixed gas line. The gas used is any kind of gas currently available on the market. In that regard, both natural gas and propane gas, such as natural gas north, natural gas south or propane gas with different pressure, etc., are suitable for operating the device 10 according to the invention.

As is apparent from FIGS. 1 to 4, the second lead 56 leads in the illustrated embodiment of the device 10 from the outside through a wall 58 of the room to be heated or the associated building in the device 10 to supply sufficient air and thus oxygen , In the illustrated embodiment, the second supply line 56 is guided over the back 28 of the device 10 and opens into a supply air duct 60 a. Likewise, however, it is also conceivable to let the second supply line 56 lead directly out of the bottom element 36 (not shown).

In an alternative embodiment, the second supply line 56 can communicate directly with the space to be heated for supplying the air. In this case, the second supply line 56 is a connection between the space 18 located below the combustion chamber 12 and the space to be heated (not shown).

1, the plate 16 extends in the region of the bottom of the combustion chamber 12 substantially horizontally and in a plane spanned by the burner medium 50 or parallel thereto. The plate 16 is provided to form the space 18. The space 18, in which at the same time the first supply line 54 is accommodated for the gas, communicates on the one hand with an intermediate order with the supply air duct 60 with the second supply line 56 for the supply of air and on the other hand with a device 62 for automatically adjusting the air / gas ratio. The device 62 for automatically adjusting the gas / air ratio of the gas / air mixture to be combusted as a function of the heat to be generated thereby opens into the housing 52 of the gas radiation burner 48.

In particular, the means 62 for automatically adjusting the gas / air ratio of the gas / air mixture to be combusted is based on the principle of a water jet pump. In that regard, the gas supplied to the gas-jet burner 48 via the first feed line 54 automatically entrains the gas supplied to the gas-jet burner 48 via the second supply line 56, the supply air channel 60 and the space 18. When increasing or decreasing the gas supply, therefore, the correspondingly required amount of air is automatically drawn in coordination with the characteristics of the gas-jet burner 48. The gas / air mixture is therefore supplied to the respective required heating power in a corresponding gas / air ratio of the gas radiation burner 48 and burned by this. To increase the desired heating power more gas is supplied via the first supply line 54, which automatically sucks more air through the second supply line 56, and vice versa. In this way an ideal combustion can be obtained. The gas radiation burner 48 is virtually an injector burner. The gas-jet burner 48 preferably has a lambda value of 1.2, that is, it draws in a mixture of gas and air of approximately 120% in total. The pressure of the gas is in a range of about 10 to 60 mbar. In particular, the gas pressure is 18 mbar for natural gas, 30 mbar for propane gas international or 50 mbar for propane gas EU across Europe, depending on the type of gas used.

The combustion chamber 12 is closed relative to the gas / air mixture supplied to the combustion device 46 and to be burned, ie virtually isolated. At the same time, the combustion device 46 is designed as a gas radiation burner 48. The gas radiation burner 48 is fully premixed. In this way, the flame of the gas radiation burner 48 ideally no, at least only imperceptibly air and thus oxygen from the combustion chamber 12 are supplied. An increase in the flame temperature and the prevailing in the combustion chamber 12 temperature profile is thus excluded. The exhaust air or the exhaust gas can therefore be discharged from the combustion chamber 12 at a substantially lower temperature. At the same time a very uniform heat distribution can be obtained in the combustion chamber 12. Thus, during operation of the device 10, a substantially uniform heat profile of about 100 ° C up to 150 ° C in the upper part of the combustion chamber 12 form, while the exhaust gas itself has a temperature of about 30 ° C to a maximum of about 50 ° C. The temperature directly at the surface of the combustion medium is about 900 ° C. Not least because of this, only a very small flow is recorded in the combustion chamber 12, whereby the heat transfer is additionally favored. The efficiency and / or efficiency of the device 10 according to the invention is thus substantially improved over conventional devices.

The gas radiation burner 48 is further associated with an ignition electrode 64 for igniting the gas / air mixture. The ignition electrode 64 is connected via a line 66 to a transformer 68, which in turn via a control unit 70 and a (on / off) switch 72 is actuated. Transformer 68 and control unit 70 are also housed in the room 18.

Finally, the ignition electrode 64 is still associated with a thermocouple 74 or the like sensor, which cooperates with at least one valve 76, in particular a solenoid valve. In the embodiment of the device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, two such valves 76 are in the space 18 provided. The valves 76 are arranged in the first supply line 54 for supplying the gas and serve to open and close the first supply line 54 depending on the respective need for gas.

FIG. 9 schematically shows a block diagram together with the transformer 68, the control unit 70 and the on / off switch 72 in order to actuate the ignition electrode 64 and the two valves 76 in a coordinated manner. In addition, a temperature sensor 78 or thermostat for determining the current room temperature and / or a timer 80 for setting the heating / rest intervals of the device 10 is integrated into the circuit.

The operation of the gas radiant burner 48 according to the invention is briefly described below:

The first supply line 54 for supplying gas to the gas-jet burner 48 is initially interrupted by the valves 76. By means of (on / off) switch 72, the valves 76 are actuated and the first supply line 54 is released, so that gas can flow into the gas-jet burner 48 via a nozzle 82. The nozzle 82 is integrated in the device 62. By means 62 for automatically adjusting the gas / air ratio of the combustor 46 ruptures the introduced gas via the second supply line 56 supplied or in the space 18 with existing air. The gas / air mixture passes completely pre-mixed into the housing 52, then flows under the burner medium 50 and then through the plurality of openings and passages of the burner medium 50. At the top of the burner medium 50, the gas / air mixture to the combustion chamber 12 is turned on actuation of the (on / off) switch 72 ignited via the ignition electrode 64. The gas / air mixture is burned evenly. The temperature of the combustor 46 is constantly measured by the thermocouple 74. Depending on the measured temperature controls or regulates the thermocouple 74 then the valves 76 to supply the combustor 46 the required amount of gas via the first supply line 54. When the flame goes out, the first supply line 54 is therefore shut off promptly by the valves 76.

In addition, the device 10 according to the invention comprises an exhaust air line 84. As is apparent in particular from FIGS. 1 and 4, the exhaust air line 84 is in the lower region 86, i. near the bottom element 36, arranged. The exhaust air line 84 is further arranged in the rear region 88 of the combustion chamber 12 and preferably at the rear side 28 thereof. The heat generated by the gas-jet burner 48 is initially jammed in the combustion chamber 12, resulting in a uniform heat distribution. The heat is then released to the shell 14 of the combustion chamber 12 and on this and the outer panel 20 on or in the room to be heated on or initiated. Thus, at most only a very small proportion of residual heat is removed via the exhaust air line 84 to the outside or discharged. Not least because of this, with the device 10 of the invention, an efficiency of about 97% and a utilization efficiency of about 99%, i. a more than half higher efficiency and / or efficiency than in a conventional tiled stove obtained.

At the same time it is ensured that the exhaust gases to be discharged through the exhaust duct 84 a temperature of about 30 ° C to a maximum of about 50 ° C, i. about a half lower temperature than a conventional tiled stove possess. At the same time, such a temperature is still sufficiently high to reliably prevent the formation of condensation in the exhaust air line 84.

According to FIGS. 1 and 4, the exhaust air line 84 is arranged at a slight distance from the bottom of the combustion chamber 12. In practice, in this context has been considered special advantageously found that the exhaust duct 84 is disposed in the vertical direction at a distance H of about 150 mm to about 350 mm, in particular about 240 mm, above the plane spanned by the surface of the burner medium 50 level.

In this way, it is ensured that the exhaust air discharged through the exhaust air line 84 or the exhaust gas after heat release only still has a temperature of about 30 ° C to a maximum of about 50 ° C. In addition, the combustion of the burner medium 50 is thus not affected by the exhaust air or the exhaust gas.

At the same time, under certain circumstances, unforeseenly forming condensation water can be retained in the combustion chamber 12 without this being able to escape through the exhaust air line 84 with the exhaust gas to be discharged. The condensation water thus formed is rather collected below the exhaust duct 84 in a Kondenswassersammelgefäß 90 and pushed out during the next heating process. Alternatively, as in the embodiment of the device 10 shown in Figs. 1 to 4, a valve 91 for draining condensed water may be provided.

As can be seen in FIGS. 1 to 3, a device 92 for increasing the negative pressure prevailing in the exhaust air line 84 is additionally arranged in the exhaust air line 84 directly on the rear side 28 of the device 10. According to FIGS. 10A and 10B, the device 92 comprises a housing 94 with an opening 96. The housing 94 is approximately U-shaped in cross-section and provided with two laterally protruding tabs 98, which are attachable to the back of the device 10. In addition, the housing 94 is provided with a circular bore 100 which receives the exhaust duct 84, which also has an opening in the region of the housing 94 (not shown). About the opening 96 of the housing 94 is the supply air from the room to be heated in the exhaust duct 84 inserted or sucked.

Finally, the second supply line 56 and the exhaust air line 84 are end-side, i. outside the wall 58 of the room to be heated, provided with a windbreak 102 or the like. The windbreak 102 may, for example, deflectors (not shown) include, such that in the second supply line 56, the supply air duct 60 and the separated space 18 any flow is excluded. In the room 18 it is thus absolutely windless. The space 18 is insensitive to the external pressure. The space 18 is at atmospheric pressure, i. no wind over or under pressure.

According to FIGS. 1 and 4, the combustion chamber 12 is at least partially accessible from the outside via an opening 104 or the like. In particular for maintenance, repair or inspection purposes, access to the combustion chamber 12 or the gas radiation burner 48 arranged in the combustion chamber 12 may be required. The opening 104 is sealingly closable via a, in particular transparent, closing device 106, for example in the form of a window or a door.

FIGS. 11 to 13 show another embodiment of a device 10 designed according to the invention.

Although the burner 46 is again designed as a gas flow burner 48. However, instead of an ignition electrode 64, the gas flow burner 48 is assigned a piezo ignition device 108 for igniting the gas / air mixture. The piezo-ignition device 108 is connected via a line 110 to a firing button 112.

Furthermore, the gas flow burner 48 is still equipped with a thermocouple 114, which cooperates with a valve 76, in particular a solenoid valve. The valve 76 is arranged in the first supply line 54 for supplying the gas and serves to open and close the first supply line 54 depending on the respective demand for gas.

The first supply line 54 for supplying gas to the gas flow burner 48 is first interrupted by the valve 76. By means of regulator 116, which operates the valve 76, the first supply line 54 is released, so that gas can flow into the gas flow burner 48. In response to the measured temperature, the thermocouple 114 then controls the valve 76 to supply the gas flow burner 48 with the required amount of gas via the first supply line 54. When the flame goes out, the first supply line 54 is therefore shut off promptly by the valve 76.

The arrangement of an exhaust air duct 118 is furthermore different in the embodiment of the device 10 according to FIGS. 11 to 14 to that according to FIGS. 1 to 4. The exhaust air line 84 communicates with the combustion chamber 12 via an upper region 120 of the combustion chamber 12 The exhaust port 118 has a length equal to or greater than half the height of the combustion chamber 12. Preferably, the length of the exhaust port 118 corresponds to about 3/4 to about 9/10 The height of the combustion chamber 12. The exhaust duct 118 is suitably formed by a part of the combustion chamber 12, in particular of the rear side 28 thereof. The exhaust duct 86 is thus configured in cross-section approximately U-shaped and provided with two laterally projecting tabs which are fixed to the jacket 14 made of refractory material. The exhaust duct 118 is also made of stainless steel, in particular stainless steel, to exclude any rust in the combustion chamber 12. During operation of the device 10 according to the invention, it has proved to be particularly advantageous in terms of flow technology that the exhaust air duct 118 has a cross-sectional area which is between approximately 5: 2 to 2: 1 in relation to the cross-sectional area of the exhaust air duct 84.

example

In practice, a device 10 according to the invention has proven to be particularly advantageous in a surprisingly simple manner. The device 10 according to the invention may, for example, have the following dimensions and characteristics:

The outer dimensions of the device 10 are about 1000 mm × 740 mm × 740 mm. The jacket 14 consists of a 34 mm thick refractory material, such as fireclay, and a 10 mm thick outer panel 20. The longitudinal support members 38 of the frame 30 have a thickness of 1.5 mm. The burner 46 is equipped with a burner power of about 1.0 kW to about 3.5 kW, in particular from about 1.5 kW to 2 kW. The first supply line 54 for supplying the gas has a diameter of 8 mm, but may also vary in a range of about 4 to 12 mm. The second supply line 56 for supplying the air has a diameter of 34 mm, but may also vary in a range approximately between 20 and 40 mm. The exhaust pipe 84 has a diameter of 50 mm.

The efficiency of the device 10 according to the invention is about 97%, the efficiency (due to the heat storage) about 99%. The temperature in the combustion chamber 12 is about 100 to about 150 ° C via a uniformly distributed heat profile. The temperature of the exhaust gas to be discharged through the exhaust duct 84 is about 30 ° C to 50 ° C, preferably 35 ° C to 40 ° C. CO ₂ emissions are around 4.7%.

In this case, an operation of the combustion device 46 with or at a heating power of between approximately 1.5 kW to approximately 2 kW inclusive has proven to be extremely economical. With a heating time of nearly 12 hours, heat is released due to the storage of heat by the device 10 according to the invention for a further 6 hours.

As a result, the apparatus 10 according to the invention is a stagnant heat gas storage furnace which is simple, compact and reliable and, due to a specially designed exhaust system, ensures that the heat remains in the apparatus 10 and not through the chimney. as in a conventional tiled stove, led out. The efficiency and / or efficiency of the device 10 according to the invention is very high. Along with this, the operating costs of the device 10 according to the invention are low. Not least due to the specific construction and operation of the device 10 according to the invention can be combined with those of a so-called Außenwandtherme in an advantageous manner properties of a conventional tiled stove with respect to the heat of radiation. Thus, in the device 10 according to the invention, because of the small dimensions of the exhaust duct 78, no separate chimney is necessary. Rather, the device 10 can be passed through a wall of the room to be heated, such as such Außenwandtherme outwardly without much effort. Finally, the device 10 according to the invention is due to the proposed frame 30 at any time and transportable.

Claims (27)

1. Device for generating, storing and outputting heat to a space to be heated, consisting of an adjacent combustion chamber (12) surrounded by a jacket (14) made of fireproof material and formed from blocks of chamotte, concrete, ceramic, clay or talc, a burner device (46) arranged in the combustion chamber (12) and suppliable with an gas/air mixture, and an exhaust air pipe (84) arranged in the bottom area (80) of the combustion chamber (12), with the combustion chamber (12) being sealed with respect to the gas/air mixture supplied to the burner device (46) for burning, with the burner device (46) being formed as a fully premixed gas radiant burner (48) with a burner medium (50) consisting of a homogenous, permeable matting structure or similar, with a device (62) for the automatic setting of the gas/air ratio of the gas/air mixture to be burned being assigned to the gas radiant burner (48) that is based on the principle of a water ejector, in such a way that the gas supplied to the gas radiant burner (48) through a first supply pipe (54) entrains air supplied to the gas radiant burner (48) via a second supply pipe (56), with a plate (16) or similar; essentially horizontal and extending in, or parallel to, a plane formed by the burner medium, being provided in the area of the bottom of the combustion chamber (12) to form a space (18) with which the second supply pipe (56) for the supply of air and the device (62) for automatic adjustment of the gas/air ratio communicate, and with a device (92) being provided in the exhaust air pipe (84) to increase the vacuum prevailing within same.
2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the gas radiant burner (48) has a housing (52) on the top of which the burner medium (50) is arranged facing the combustion chamber (12) and in which the device (62) for automatic adjustment of the gas/air ratio of the gas/air mixture to be burned terminates.
3. Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the burner medium (50) is formed from a ceramic, especially from ceramic fibers, that are preferably coated with silicon carbide and welded together.
4. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the jacket (14) of fireproof material adjacent to the combustion chamber (12) is provided with an outer cladding (20).
5. Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the outer cladding (20) is formed at least partially from stone, especially natural stone, preferably marble, granite or talc, or artificial stone, ceramic, fireproof glass or metal, especially cast steel, structural steel, aluminum or an alloy of same, or a combination of those.
6. Device according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the outer cladding (20) is formed from plates of stone, particularly natural stone, preferably marble, granite or talc, or artificial stone, ceramic, fireproof glass or metal, especially cast steel, structural steel, aluminum or an alloy of same, or a combination of those.
7. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the jacket (14), adjacent to the combustion chamber (12), is formed of fireproof material and/or the outer cladding (20) is/are at least thermally insulating.
8. Device according to Claim 7, characterized in that the back of the jacket (14), adjacent to the combustion chamber (12), and/or the outer cladding (20) consist (s) of thermally insulating material (26), especially thermocha-motte.
9. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the jacket (14), adjacent to the combustion chamber (12), of fireproof material is mounted on, and supported by, a frame (34).
10. Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the frame (34) has a base element (36), angle-section lengthwise supporting elements (38) joined at the corners to the base element (36) and a surrounding head element (40) connected with the lengthwise supporting elements (38) and essentially matched to the ground area of the base element (36).
11. Device according to Claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the frame (34) is formed from steel, especially stainless steel, preferably Nirosta.
12. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the first supply pipe (54) for supplying the gas can be opened and closed by at least one, especially two, valve(s) (76), preferably solenoid valve(s).
13. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the first supply pipe (54) can be operated via a temperature sensor (78) and/or a timer (80) that is/are arranged in the space to be heated.
14. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the first supply pipe (54) for supplying the gas has the diameter of approximately between 4 and 12 mm, especially 8 mm.
15. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the second supply pipe (56) for supplying the air communicates with the space to be heated or to the external environment of the space to be heated.
16. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the second supply pipe (56) for supplying the air has a diameter of between approximately 20 and 40 mm, especially 30 mm.
17. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that an ignition electrode (64), a piezo ignition device (108) or similar for igniting the gas/air mixture is assigned to the gas radiant burner (48).
18. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that a thermocouple (74) that interacts with the at least one valve (76) arranged in the first supply pipe (54) for the supply of the gas is assigned to the gas radiant burner (48) to open and close the first supply pipe (54) for the supply of the gas.
19. Device according to Claim 18, characterized in that the thermocouple (74) is assigned to the ignition electrode (64) or the piezo ignition device (108).
20. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the exhaust air pipe (84) is arranged in the area (88) at the back of the combustion chamber (12), particularly on the back (28) of said combustion chamber (12).
21. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterized in that a device (90) for draining condensate water is assigned to the exhaust air pipe (84).
22. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the device (92) for increasing the vacuum prevailing therein includes a housing (94) with an opening (96) through which supply air can be blown or introduced from the space to be heated into the exhaust air pipe (84).
23. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the exhaust air pipe (84) is arranged with a slight clearance from the bottom of the combustion chamber (12).
24. Device according to Claim 23, characterized in that the exhaust air pipe (84) is arranged in the vertical direction approximately 150 mm to approximately 350 mm, especially approximately 240 mm, above the plane formed by the surface of the combustion medium (50).
25. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the exhaust air pipe (84) communicates with the external environment of the space to be heated.
26. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the second supply pipe (56) and the exhaust air pipe (84) are provided on the end with a wind protection device (102) or similar.
27. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the combustion chamber (12) is at least partially accessible from outside through an opening (104) or similar, with the opening (104) being closed by an, especially transparent, closing device (106) or similar window or door forming a seal.

Images