EP1550832A1 - A (compound) refrigeration system and method for operating the (compound) refrigeration system - Google Patents

A (compound) refrigeration system and method for operating the (compound) refrigeration system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1550832A1
EP1550832A1 EP04028680A EP04028680A EP1550832A1 EP 1550832 A1 EP1550832 A1 EP 1550832A1 EP 04028680 A EP04028680 A EP 04028680A EP 04028680 A EP04028680 A EP 04028680A EP 1550832 A1 EP1550832 A1 EP 1550832A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
level
oil
compressors
container
line
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Granted
Application number
EP04028680A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1550832B1 (en
Inventor
Michael Cellar
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Carrier Kaeltetechnik Deutschland GmbH
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Linde Kaeltetechnik GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/02—Lubrication
    • F04B39/0207—Lubrication with lubrication control systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/002—Lubrication
    • F25B31/004—Lubrication oil recirculating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/16—Lubrication

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite (refrigeration) system, comprising several, two or more levels arranged compressors, which arranged on a plane Compressors are connected to each other via an oil equalization line.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating such plant Compound (refrigeration).
  • container in addition to conventional Containers also suitable recording or (intermediate) storage devices, such as For example, pieces of pipe, for the recording or (intermediate) storage of Liquid quantities are suitable to understand.
  • composite (cold) plant is one as described below Compound refrigeration system as well as compound systems, the compression of any media for serve other purposes, to understand.
  • German Patent Applications 198 23 524 and 198 23 525 disclose methods for oil equalization between compressors, which are arranged on a plane known. Problematic is an oil balance between several Verêtm whenever the compressors are arranged on two or more levels. An arrangement more compressors on two or more levels is particularly advantageous or even required if a large number of compressors on one comparatively small footprint must be accommodated. This is for example, in narrow engine rooms or in an outdoor installation, ie then, if the compressors in a housing - possibly together with the or the condensers - are arranged, the case.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a generic Composite (cold) plant and a generic method for operating a specify such composite (refrigeration) system, in or on the use wear-prone and trouble-prone ⁇ laptreguliersysteme omitted, the Lubricating oil supply of all compressors made more reliable and the manufacturing costs can be lowered.
  • each of the two levels E1 and E2 are three compressors V1, V2 and V3 (level E1) and V4, V5 and V6 (level E2) arranged.
  • the compressors of a composite (refrigeration) plant can also be used in three, four or three more levels are arranged.
  • per level in principle, one any number of compressors are provided. Also, on the individual Planes different compressors are used, only they should - if possible - be of the same design.
  • Per level E1 or E2 is now according to the invention now at least one container B1 or B2 provided. These containers B1 and B2 are dimensioned such that they to record at least the minimum oil fill required per level E1 or E2 capital.
  • the containers B1 and B2 are above the respective oil equalization lines. 1 (and line section 3) and 2 with their associated compressors V1 to V3 or V4 to V6 connected to their level.
  • the lines 1 and 2 preferably run centrally to the sight glasses of Compressors V1, V2 and V3 or V4, V5 and V6.
  • the containers B1 and B2 are also in advantageously in the middle between the compressors V1, V2 and V3 or V4, V5 and V6 their level E1 or E2 arranged.
  • the puncture of lines 3 and 2 in the container B1 and B2 is preferably carried out centrally to the sight glasses of the compressor V1, V2 and V3 or V4, V5 and V6. This will ensure that the oil level in the containers B1 or B2 approximately equal to that in the compressors V1, V2 and V3 or V4, V5 and V6 prevailing oil levels.
  • shut-off device a is usually as a shut-off valve, preferably as a Solenoid valve, be formed.
  • the container B1 is the lowest level E1 via a pressure line 4 with the Pressure side of the Verbund (refrigeration) system can be shut off - as a rule realized by a Shut-off device b - connected.
  • the two containers B1 and B2 are in turn connected via a connecting line 5 connected with each other.
  • the connecting line 5 can be made lockable be; not shown in the figure.
  • the connecting line 5 is in this case on the container B2 of the upper level E2 to arrange that the container B2 during the oil balance only up to that in the upper level E2 required oil level is emptied.
  • the composite (refrigeration) plant according to the invention is further proposed that at least one of the containers via a suction line with the suction side of Composite (cold) system is connected lockable.
  • the suction line (s) must or must be lockable, since during operation different pressure levels in the compressor housings and the suction line.
  • both containers B1 and B2 are over Suction lines 6 and 7, in each of which a shut-off c or d arranged is connected.
  • Connecting the container B1 and / or B2 via suction lines 6 and 7 with the suction side of the composite (refrigeration) plant serves the purpose of the or the container To be able to degas B1 and B2. This may be necessary if the inventive composite (cold) system, for example, at high Operating ambient temperature and it is to evaporate the Refrigerants (mixtures) s comes from the oil.
  • This evaporated refrigerant (mixture) can then be derived via the suction lines 6 and 7 to the suction side, whereby a trouble-free oil balance between the Verêtm and individual Levels can be guaranteed. It has been shown that in normal Room temperatures this degassing is usually not required.
  • the composite (refrigeration) plant according to the invention is the compressor V1, V2 and V3 or V4, V5 and V6 one level respectively Assigned to the oil level regulation system.
  • V1, V2 and V3 or V4, V5 and V6 one level respectively Assigned to the oil level regulation system.
  • all the state of the Technology-counting oil level control systems are used.
  • one or more Compressors V4, V5 and / or V6 of the upper level E2 are put into operation.
  • the arranged in the pressure line 4 shut-off b remains so long opened until the possibly required oil balance between the containers B1 and B2 or the planes E1 and E2 and the compressors V4, V5 and V6 is done.
  • the compressors remain V4, V5 and V6 of the upper level E2 preferably still switched off, so that (also) between a sufficient oil balance can take place. Unless in the upper level E2 too much oil is present, this passes through the connecting line 5 again in the lower container B1 and to the lower level E1.
  • Compressor V1, V2 and / or V3 of the lower level E1 are operated stands at least part of the refrigeration capacity to be provided by means of the composite refrigeration system again available.
  • the method according to the invention described above is always realized if by appropriate measures in at least one of the compressors V1, V2, ... an oil shortage is detected.
  • the initiation can also an oil equalization phase manually and / or automatically performed. moreover is usually compulsory at certain, adjustable intervals Oil equalization initiated.
  • the composite (refrigeration) system according to the invention and the method according to the invention to operate a composite (refrigeration) plant create over the prior art significant improvements, as on wear-prone and trouble-prone ⁇ laptreguliersysteme can be omitted. This will reduce the manufacturing costs inventive compound (refrigeration) systems lowered and at the same time becomes a Reliable lubricating oil supply all compressors of the invention Composite (refrigeration) system guaranteed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The system has several compressors on two or more levels (E1,E2), whereby the compressors on the same level are connected together by an oil balancing line (1,2), and at least one container (B1,B2) per level dimensioned to at least hold the required minimum oil quantity per level and connected to the oil balancing line for their respective levels. The container on the lowest level is connected to its oil balancing line with a shut-off capability and to the pressure side of the system via a pressure line (4) with a shut-off capability. The containers are connected together by a connecting line (5) that is connected to the container in the upper level so that the container is only operated up to the desired oil level in the upper level. An independent claim is also included for a method of operating an inventive system.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbund(kälte)anlage, aufweisend mehrere, auf zwei oder mehr Ebenen angeordnete Verdichter, wobei die auf einer Ebene angeordneten Verdichter jeweils über eine Ölausgleichsleitung miteinander verbunden sind.The invention relates to a composite (refrigeration) system, comprising several, two or more levels arranged compressors, which arranged on a plane Compressors are connected to each other via an oil equalization line.

Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer derartigen Verbund(kälte)anlage.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such plant Compound (refrigeration).

Unter dem nachfolgend verwendeten Begriff "Behälter" seien neben herkömmlichen Behältern auch geeignete Aufnahme- bzw. (Zwischen)Speichervorrichtungen, wie beispielsweise Rohrstücke, die für die Aufnahme bzw. (Zwischen)Speicherung von Flüssigkeitsmengen geeignet sind, zu verstehen.Under the term "container" used below are in addition to conventional Containers also suitable recording or (intermediate) storage devices, such as For example, pieces of pipe, for the recording or (intermediate) storage of Liquid quantities are suitable to understand.

Unter dem Begriff "Verbund(kälte)anlage" sei eine wie im folgenden beschriebene Verbundkälteanlage sowie Verbundanlagen, die der Verdichtung beliebiger Medien für andere Zwecke dienen, zu verstehen.The term "composite (cold) plant" is one as described below Compound refrigeration system as well as compound systems, the compression of any media for serve other purposes, to understand.

Bei Verbund(kälte)anlagen der gattungsgemäßen Art stellt die betriebssichere Ölversorgung der Verdichter, die in einem gemeinsamen Kältemittel- bzw. Kältemittelgemisch-Kreislauf arbeiten, oftmals ein Problem dar. Zur Gewährleistung einer betriebssicheren Ölversorgung werden bisher unterschiedliche Ölstandsreguliersysteme, wie beispielsweise Ölspiegelregulatoren, verwendet. Diese unterliegen jedoch einem Verschleiß und erfordern bei anderen Systemen Einstellarbeiten am Ölsystem während der Inbetriebnahme.In composite (cold) systems of the generic type provides the reliable Oil supply to the compressor, in a common refrigerant or Refrigerant mixture cycle work, often a problem dar. To ensure A reliable oil supply are so far different Oil level control systems, such as oil level regulators used. These However, they are subject to wear and tear and require other systems Adjustments to the oil system during commissioning.

Aus den deutschen Patentanmeldungen 198 23 524 und 198 23 525 sind Verfahren zum Ölausgleich zwischen Verdichtern, die auf einer Ebene angeordnet sind, bekannt. Problematisch wird ein Ölausgleich zwischen mehreren Verdichtem immer dann, wenn die Verdichter auf zwei oder mehreren Ebenen angeordnet sind. Eine Anordnung mehrerer Verdichter auf zwei oder mehr Ebenen ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil oder gar erforderlich, wenn eine große Anzahl von Verdichtern auf einer vergleichsweise kleinen Aufstellfläche untergebracht werden muss. Dies ist beispielsweise in engen Maschinenräumen oder bei einer Außenaufstellung, also dann, wenn die Verdichter in einem Gehäuse - gegebenenfalls zusammen mit dem oder den Verflüssigern - angeordnet sind, der Fall.German Patent Applications 198 23 524 and 198 23 525 disclose methods for oil equalization between compressors, which are arranged on a plane known. Problematic is an oil balance between several Verdichtem whenever the compressors are arranged on two or more levels. An arrangement more compressors on two or more levels is particularly advantageous or even required if a large number of compressors on one comparatively small footprint must be accommodated. This is for example, in narrow engine rooms or in an outdoor installation, ie then, if the compressors in a housing - possibly together with the or the condensers - are arranged, the case.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine gattungsgemäße Verbund(kälte)anlage sowie ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Betreiben einer derartigen Verbund(kälte)anlage anzugeben, bei der bzw. bei dem auf die Verwendung verschleißbehafteter und störungsanfälliger Ölspiegelreguliersysteme verzichtet, die Schmierölversorgung aller Verdichter zuverlässiger gestaltet und die Herstellkosten gesenkt werden können.Object of the present invention is to provide a generic Composite (cold) plant and a generic method for operating a specify such composite (refrigeration) system, in or on the use wear-prone and trouble-prone Ölspiegelreguliersysteme omitted, the Lubricating oil supply of all compressors made more reliable and the manufacturing costs can be lowered.

Die erfindungsgemäße Verbund(kälte)anlage zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass

  • a) pro Ebene wenigstens ein Behälter vorgesehen ist,
  • b) die Behälter derart dimensioniert sind, dass sie wenigstens die pro Ebene erforderliche Mindestölmenge aufnehmen können,
  • c) die Behälter jeweils mit der Ölausgleichsleitung ihrer Ebene verbunden sind,
  • d) wobei der Behälter der untersten Ebene mit der zugehörigen Ölausgleichsleitung absperrbar verbunden ist,
  • e) der Behälter der untersten Ebene über eine Druckleitung mit der Druckseite der Verbund(kälte)anlage absperrbar verbunden ist, und
  • f) die Behälter über eine Verbindungsleitung miteinander verbunden sind,
  • g) wobei die Verbindungsleitung an dem Behälter der oberen Ebene derart angeordnet ist, dass der Behälter nur bis zu dem in der oberen Ebene gewünschten Ölstand entleert wird.
    • The composite (refrigeration) plant according to the invention is characterized in that
  • a) at least one container is provided per level,
  • b) the containers are dimensioned such that they can accommodate at least the minimum quantity of oil required per level,
  • c) the containers are each connected to the oil equalization line of their level,
  • d) wherein the container of the lowest level is connected shut-off with the associated oil compensation line,
  • e) the container of the lowest level via a pressure line to the pressure side of the composite (cold) system is connected shut-off, and
  • f) the containers are connected to one another via a connecting line,
  • g) wherein the connecting line is arranged on the container of the upper level such that the container is only emptied to the level desired in the upper level.

    • Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Verbund(kälte)anlage zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass

  • a') zu Beginn eines Ölausgleiches zwischen den Verdichtern alle Verdichter abgeschaltet werden und die zwischen der Ölausgleichsleitung und dem Behälter der unteren Ebene angeordnete Absperrvorrichtung, sofern sie geschlossen ist, geöffnet wird,
  • b') die Verdichter so lange abgeschaltet bleiben, bis zwischen den Verdichtem jeder Ebene und über die Verbindungsleitung zwischen den Ebenen ein Ölausgleich erfolgt ist,
  • c') nach Abschluss des Ölausgleiches die zwischen der Ölausgleichsleitung und dem Behälter der unteren Ebene angeordnete Absperrvorrichtung geschlossen wird,
  • d') ein oder mehrere Verdichter der unteren Ebene in Betrieb genommen werden,
  • e') die in der Druckleitung angeordnete Absperrvorrichtung geöffnet wird,
  • f) wobei die Absperrvorrichtung so lange geöffnet bleibt, bis ein ggf. erforderlicher Ölausgleich zwischen den Behältern erfolgt ist, und
  • g') nach erfolgtem Ölausgleich die zwischen der Ölausgleichsleitung und dem Behälter der unteren Ebene angeordnete Absperrvorrichtung geöffnet wird.
    • The inventive method for operating a composite (cold) plant is characterized in that
  • a ') at the beginning of an oil equalization between the compressors, all compressors are switched off and the shut-off device arranged between the oil equalizing pipe and the lower-level tank, if it is closed, is opened,
  • b ') the compressors remain switched off until an oil balance has taken place between the compressors of each level and via the connecting line between the levels,
  • c ') after completion of the oil equalization, the shut-off device located between the oil equalizing pipe and the lower-level tank is closed,
  • d ') one or more compressors of the lower level are put into operation,
  • e ') the shut-off device arranged in the pressure line is opened,
  • f) wherein the shut-off device remains open until a possibly required oil balance between the containers has taken place, and
  • g ') after the oil equalization between the oil equalization line and the container of the lower level arranged shut-off device is opened.

    • Die erfindungsgemäße Verbund(kälte)anlage, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Verbund(kälte)anlage sowie weitere Ausgestaltungen der- bzw. desselben seien nachfolgend anhand des in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The inventive composite (cold) plant, the inventive method for Operating a composite (refrigeration) system and other embodiments of the or the same will be described below with reference to FIG Embodiment explained in more detail.

    In der Figur dargestellt sind zwei Verdichterebenen E1 und E2, die nachfolgend nurmehr als "Ebenen" bezeichnet werden. In jeder der beiden Ebenen E1 und E2 sind drei Verdichter V1, V2 und V3 (Ebene E1) bzw. V4, V5 und V6 (Ebene E2) angeordnet.Shown in the figure are two compressor levels E1 and E2, below only to be called "levels". In each of the two levels E1 and E2 are three compressors V1, V2 and V3 (level E1) and V4, V5 and V6 (level E2) arranged.

    Prinzipiell können die Verdichter einer Verbund(kälte)anlage auch in drei, vier oder mehr Ebenen angeordnet werden. Darüber hinaus kann pro Ebene im Prinzip eine beliebige Anzahl von Verdichtern vorgesehen werden. Auch können auf den einzelnen Ebenen unterschiedliche Verdichter verwendet werden, nur sollten sie - wenn möglich - von der gleichen Bauart sein.In principle, the compressors of a composite (refrigeration) plant can also be used in three, four or three more levels are arranged. In addition, per level, in principle, one any number of compressors are provided. Also, on the individual Planes different compressors are used, only they should - if possible - be of the same design.

    Pro Ebene E1 bzw. E2 ist nunmehr erfindungsgemäß wenigstens ein Behälter B1 bzw. B2 vorgesehen. Diese Behälter B1 und B2 sind derart dimensioniert, dass sie wenigstens die pro Ebene E1 bzw. E2 erforderliche Mindestölfüllmenge aufzunehmen vermögen. Die Behälter B1 und B2 sind über die jeweiligen Ölausgleichsleitungen 1 (und Leitungsabschnitt 3) bzw. 2 mit den ihnen zugeordneten Verdichtern V1 bis V3 bzw. V4 bis V6 ihrer Ebene verbunden.Per level E1 or E2 is now according to the invention now at least one container B1 or B2 provided. These containers B1 and B2 are dimensioned such that they to record at least the minimum oil fill required per level E1 or E2 capital. The containers B1 and B2 are above the respective oil equalization lines. 1 (and line section 3) and 2 with their associated compressors V1 to V3 or V4 to V6 connected to their level.

    Hierbei verlaufen die Leitungen 1 und 2 vorzugsweise mittig zu den Schaugläsern der VerdichterV1, V2 und V3 bzw. V4, V5 und V6. Auch die Behälter B1 und B2 sind in vorteilhafter Weise mittig zwischen den Verdichtern V1, V2 und V3 bzw. V4, V5 und V6 ihrer Ebene E1 bzw. E2 angeordnet. Der Einstich der Leitungen 3 und 2 in die Behälter B1 und B2 erfolgt vorzugsweise mittig zu den Schaugläsern der Verdichter V1, V2 und V3 bzw. V4, V5 und V6. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, dass der Ölstand in den Behältern B1 bzw. B2 annähernd gleich dem in den Verdichtern V1, V2 und V3 bzw. V4, V5 und V6 herrschenden Ölständen ist.Here, the lines 1 and 2 preferably run centrally to the sight glasses of Compressors V1, V2 and V3 or V4, V5 and V6. The containers B1 and B2 are also in advantageously in the middle between the compressors V1, V2 and V3 or V4, V5 and V6 their level E1 or E2 arranged. The puncture of lines 3 and 2 in the container B1 and B2 is preferably carried out centrally to the sight glasses of the compressor V1, V2 and V3 or V4, V5 and V6. This will ensure that the oil level in the containers B1 or B2 approximately equal to that in the compressors V1, V2 and V3 or V4, V5 and V6 prevailing oil levels.

    Erfindungsgemäß ist zwischen der Ölausgleichsleitung 1 der untersten Ebene E1 und dem dieser Ebene E1 zugeordneten Sammelbehälter B1 eine Absperrvorrichtung a vorzusehen; diese wird im Regelfall als ein Absperrventil, vorzugsweise als ein Magnetventil, ausgebildet sein.According to the invention between the oil equalization line 1 of the lowest level E1 and the storage container B1 associated with this level E1 has a shut-off device a provide; this is usually as a shut-off valve, preferably as a Solenoid valve, be formed.

    Ferner ist der Behälter B1 der untersten Ebene E1 über eine Druckleitung 4 mit der Druckseite der Verbund(kälte)anlage absperrbar - im Regelfall realisiert durch eine Absperrvorrichtung b - verbunden.Further, the container B1 is the lowest level E1 via a pressure line 4 with the Pressure side of the Verbund (refrigeration) system can be shut off - as a rule realized by a Shut-off device b - connected.

    Die beiden Behälter B1 und B2 wiederum sind über eine Verbindungsleitung 5 miteinander verbunden. Auch die Verbindungsleitung 5 kann absperrbar ausgebildet sein; in der Figur nicht gezeigt.The two containers B1 and B2 are in turn connected via a connecting line 5 connected with each other. The connecting line 5 can be made lockable be; not shown in the figure.

    Sind mehr als zwei Ebenen und damit mehr als zwei Behälter vorgesehen, so ist es ausreichend, wenn der Behälter einer Ebene mit dem Behälter der jeweils darunter sowie dem Behälter der jeweils darüber liegenden Ebene verbunden ist.If there are more than two levels and thus more than two containers, that is it sufficient if the container is one level with the container of each below it and the container is connected to the respective overlying level.

    Die Verbindungsleitung 5 ist hierbei an dem Behälter B2 der oberen Ebene E2 derart anzuordnen, dass der Behälter B2 während des Ölausgleiches nur bis zu dem in der oberen Ebene E2 gewünschten Ölstand entleert wird.The connecting line 5 is in this case on the container B2 of the upper level E2 to arrange that the container B2 during the oil balance only up to that in the upper level E2 required oil level is emptied.

    Die erfindungsgemäße Verbund(kälte)anlage weiterbildend wird vorgeschlagen, dass zumindest einer der Behälter über eine Saugleitung mit der Saugseite der Verbund(kälte)anlage absperrbar verbunden ist. Die Saugleitung(en) muss bzw. müssen absperrbar sein, da sich während des Betriebes unterschiedliche Drucklagen in den Verdichtergehäusen und der Saugleitung einstellen können.The composite (refrigeration) plant according to the invention is further proposed that at least one of the containers via a suction line with the suction side of Composite (cold) system is connected lockable. The suction line (s) must or must be lockable, since during operation different pressure levels in the compressor housings and the suction line.

    Bei der in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsform sind beide Behälter B1 und B2 über Saugleitungen 6 bzw. 7, in denen jeweils eine Absperrvorrichtung c bzw. d angeordnet ist, verbunden. Das Verbinden der Behälter B1 und/oder B2 über Saugleitungen 6 bzw. 7 mit der Saugseite der Verbund(kälte)anlage dient dem Zweck, den bzw. die Behälter B1 und B2 entgasen zu können. Dies kann erforderlich werden, wenn die erfindungsgemäße Verbund(kälte)anlage beispielsweise bei hohen Umgebungstemperaturen betrieben wird und es zu einem Ausdampfen des Kältemittel(gemische)s aus dem Öl kommt. Dieses ausgedampfte Kältemittel(gemisch) kann dann über die Saugleitungen 6 bzw. 7 auf die Saugseite abgeleitet werden, wodurch ein problemloser Ölausgleich zwischen den Verdichtem und einzelnen Ebenen gewährleistet werden kann. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass bei normalen Raumtemperaturen dieses Entgasen im Regelfall nicht erforderlich ist.In the embodiment shown in the figure, both containers B1 and B2 are over Suction lines 6 and 7, in each of which a shut-off c or d arranged is connected. Connecting the container B1 and / or B2 via suction lines 6 and 7 with the suction side of the composite (refrigeration) plant serves the purpose of the or the container To be able to degas B1 and B2. This may be necessary if the inventive composite (cold) system, for example, at high Operating ambient temperature and it is to evaporate the Refrigerants (mixtures) s comes from the oil. This evaporated refrigerant (mixture) can then be derived via the suction lines 6 and 7 to the suction side, whereby a trouble-free oil balance between the Verdichtem and individual Levels can be guaranteed. It has been shown that in normal Room temperatures this degassing is usually not required.

    In vorteilhafter Weise ist, die erfindungsgemäße Verbund(kälte)anlage weiterbildend, den Verdichters V1, V2 und V3 bzw. V4, V5 und V6 einer Ebene jeweils ein Ölspiegellreguliersystem zugeordnet. Dabei können grundsätzlich alle zum Stand der Technik zählenden Ölspiegellreguliersysteme zur Anwendung kommen.Advantageously, the composite (refrigeration) plant according to the invention is the compressor V1, V2 and V3 or V4, V5 and V6 one level respectively Assigned to the oil level regulation system. In principle, all the state of the Technology-counting oil level control systems are used.

    Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verbund(kälte)anlage bzw. der Realisierung der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensweise kann auf das Vorsehen herkömmlicher Ölspiegellreguliersysteme verzichtet werden. U. U. mag es jedoch Anwendungsfälle geben, bei denen derartige Ölspiegellreguliersysteme weiterhin zur Anwendung kommen.In the composite (refrigeration) system according to the invention or the realization of the The procedure according to the invention can be based on the provision of conventional Ölspiegellreguliersysteme be waived. U. U. However, there may be applications in which such oil level control continue to be used come.

    Soll nun zwischen den Verdichtern V1, V2,..... der beiden Ebenen E1 und E2 ein Ölausgleich durchgeführt werden, so sind zunächst alle Verdichter V1, V2,..... abzuschalten und die zwischen der Ölausgleichsleitung 1 und dem Behälter B1 der unteren Ebene E1 angeordnete Absperrvorrichtung a, sofern diese während des Normalbetriebes geschlossen war, zu öffnen. Dadurch kann ein Ölausgleich zwischen den einzelnen Verdichtem V1, V2, .... jeder Ebene untereinander sowie ein Ölausgleich zwischen den Behältern B1 und B2 über die sie verbindende Leitung 5 erfolgen.Now, between the compressors V1, V2, ..... of the two levels E1 and E2 a Oil equalization are performed, so first all the compressors V1, V2, ..... shut off and between the oil balance line 1 and the container B1 of Shut-off device a arranged on the lower level E1, if this during the Normal operation was closed, open. This can be an oil balance between the individual compressors V1, V2, .... each level with each other and an oil balance take place between the containers B1 and B2 via the line connecting them 5.

    Sofern auf der oberen Ebene E2 zuviel Öl vorhanden ist, gelangt dieses über die zwischen den Behältern E1 und E2 angeordnete Verbindungsleitung 5 von der oberen zu der unteren Ebene E1 und damit - da die Absperrvorrichtung a geöffnet ist - über den Leitungsabschnitt 3 zu den Verdichtem V1, V2 und V3. Um zu verhindern, dass die Verdichter V4, V5 und V6 der oberen Ebene E2 nunmehr leerlaufen, muss - wie bereits erwähnt - die Verbindungsleitung 5 an dem Behälter B2 der oberen Ebene E2 derart angeordnet sein, dass der Behälter B2 nur bis zu dem in der oberen Ebene E2 gewünschten (Minimal)Ölstand entleert werden kann. Sofern die die Behälter B1 und B2 verbindende Leitung 5 absperrbar ausgebildet ist, muss diese während des vorbeschriebenen Verfahrensschrittes geöffnet sein.If there is too much oil on the upper level E2, this gets over the between the containers E1 and E2 arranged connecting line 5 from the upper to the lower level E1 and thus - since the shut-off a is open - on the line section 3 to the compressors V1, V2 and V3. To prevent that the compressors V4, V5 and V6 of the upper level E2 now idle, must - like already mentioned - the connection line 5 to the container B2 of the upper level E2 be arranged such that the container B2 only up to that in the upper level E2 desired (minimum) oil level can be emptied. If the containers B1 and B2 connecting line 5 is formed lockable, this must during the be open above method step.

    Nach Abschluss des vorbeschriebenen Ölausgleiches wird die zwischen der Ölausgleichsleitung 1 und dem Behälter B1 der unteren Ebene E1 angeordnete Absperrvorrichtung a wieder geschlossen; anschließend werden ein oder mehrere Verdichter V1, V2 und/oder V3 der unteren Ebene E1 in Betrieb genommen.After completion of the above oil balance is between the Oil equalization line 1 and the container B1 of the lower level E1 arranged Shut-off a closed again; subsequently one or more Compressor V1, V2 and / or V3 of the lower level E1 put into operation.

    Zeitgleich oder mit einer zeitlichen Verzögerung können auch ein oder mehrere Verdichter V4, V5 und/oder V6 der oberen Ebene E2 in Betrieb genommen werden.At the same time or with a time delay, one or more Compressors V4, V5 and / or V6 of the upper level E2 are put into operation.

    Durch das Inbetriebnehmen eines oder mehrerer Verdichter V1, V2 und/oder V3 der unteren Ebene E1 kommt es innerhalb der Verbund(kälte)anlage wiederum zu einem Druckaufbau, so dass nach dem Öffnen der in der Druckleitung 4 angeordneten Absperrvorrichtung b das über die Druckleitung 4 in dem Behälter B1 strömende, unter Druck stehende Gas Öl aus dem unteren Behälter E1 über die Verbindungsleitung 5 in den oberen Behälter B2 drückt. Mittels dieses Verfahrensschrittes wird gewährleistet, dass ein ggf. auf der oberen Ebene E2 vorhandener Ölmangel ausgeglichen werden kann.By commissioning one or more compressors V1, V2 and / or V3 of the At the lower level E1 there is once again one within the Verbund (cold) plant Pressure build-up, so that after opening arranged in the pressure line 4 Shut-off b the flowing through the pressure line 4 in the container B1, under Pressurized gas oil from the lower tank E1 via the connecting line 5 in pushes the upper container B2. By means of this process step is ensured that a possibly existing on the upper level E2 lack of oil are compensated can.

    Die in der Druckleitung 4 angeordnete Absperrvorrichtung b bleibt nunmehr so lange geöffnet, bis der ggf. erforderliche Ölausgleich zwischen den Behältern B1 und B2 bzw. den Ebenen E1 und E2 und den Verdichtem V4, V5 und V6 erfolgt ist.The arranged in the pressure line 4 shut-off b remains so long opened until the possibly required oil balance between the containers B1 and B2 or the planes E1 and E2 and the compressors V4, V5 and V6 is done.

    Während der vorbeschriebenen Ölausgleichsphase bleiben die Verdichter V4, V5 und V6 der oberen Ebene E2 vorzugsweise noch abgeschaltet, so dass (auch) zwischen ihnen ein ausreichender Ölausgleich stattfinden kann. Sofern in der oberen Ebene E2 zuviel Öl vorhanden ist, gelangt dieses über die Verbindungsleitung 5 wiederum in den unteren Behälter B1 bzw. auf die untere Ebene E1.During the above-described oil equalization phase, the compressors remain V4, V5 and V6 of the upper level E2 preferably still switched off, so that (also) between a sufficient oil balance can take place. Unless in the upper level E2 too much oil is present, this passes through the connecting line 5 again in the lower container B1 and to the lower level E1.

    Da während des vorbeschriebenen Verfahrensschrittes zumindest ein oder mehrere Verdichter V1, V2 und/oder V3 der unteren Ebene E1 betrieben werden, steht zumindest ein Teil der mittels der Verbund(kälte)anlage zu erbringenden Kälteleistung wieder zur Verfügung.Since at least one or more during the above-described method step Compressor V1, V2 and / or V3 of the lower level E1 are operated stands at least part of the refrigeration capacity to be provided by means of the composite refrigeration system again available.

    Nach erfolgtem Ölausgleich wird nunmehr die zwischen Ölausgleichsleitung 1 und dem Behälter B1 der unteren Ebene E1 angeordnete Absperrvorrichtung a wieder geöffnet und es werden - sofern dies nicht zwischenzeitlich bereits geschehen ist - die noch ausgeschalteten Verdichter V4, V5 und/oder V6 der oberen Ebene E2 in Betrieb genommen.After the oil balance is now between the oil equalization line 1 and the Container B1 of the lower level E1 arranged shut-off a again opened and it will - if this has not already happened in the meantime - the still switched off compressor V4, V5 and / or V6 of the upper level E2 in operation taken.

    Die vorbeschriebene, erfindungsgemäße Verfahrensweise wird immer dann realisiert, wenn durch entsprechende Maßnahmen in wenigstens einem der Verdichter V1, V2, ... ein Ölmangel erkannt wird. Hierbei kann die Überwachung der Ölstände in den Verdichtem manuell und/oder automatisch erfolgen. Ebenso kann auch das Einleiten einer Ölausgleichsphase manuell und/oder automatisch durchgeführt werden. Zudem wird im Regelfall in bestimmten, einstellbaren Zeitabständen zwangsweise ein Ölausgleich eingeleitet.The method according to the invention described above is always realized if by appropriate measures in at least one of the compressors V1, V2, ... an oil shortage is detected. Here, the monitoring of oil levels in the Compressed manually and / or automatically. Likewise, the initiation can also an oil equalization phase manually and / or automatically performed. moreover is usually compulsory at certain, adjustable intervals Oil equalization initiated.

    Die Betriebszeiten der Verdichter V1, V2, .... bis zu ihrem Abschalten sind hierbei so zu wählen, dass der minimal zulässige Ölstand innerhalb der Verdichter aufgrund der zwangsläufig während des Verdichterbetriebes auftretenden Ölverlagerung noch nicht unterschritten wird. Die Stillstandsphasen der Verdichter müssen zeitlich so bemessen sein, dass ein ausreichender Ölausgleich zwischen den Verdichtern gewährleistet werden kann und eine wesentliche Beeinträchtigung der Kälteversorgung durch die Verdichter der erfindungsgemäßen Verbund(kälte)anlage vermieden wird.The operating times of the compressors V1, V2, .... until their shutdown are here too select that the minimum allowable oil level within the compressor due to the inevitably occurring during compressor operation oil displacement is not yet is fallen short of. The stoppage phases of the compressors must be timed in this way be ensured that a sufficient oil balance between the compressors can be and a significant impairment of the refrigeration by the Compressor of the composite (refrigeration) system according to the invention is avoided.

    Die erfindungsgemäße Verbund(kälte)anlage sowie das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Verbund(kälte)anlage schaffen gegenüber dem Stand der Technik wesentliche Verbesserungen, da auf verschleißbehaftete und störungsanfällige Ölspiegelreguliersysteme verzichtet werden kann. Dadurch werden die Herstellkosten erfindungsgemäßer Verbund(kälte)anlagen gesenkt und gleichzeitig wird eine zuverlässige Schmierölversorgung aller Verdichter der erfindungsgemäßen Verbund(kälte)anlage gewährleistet.The composite (refrigeration) system according to the invention and the method according to the invention to operate a composite (refrigeration) plant create over the prior art significant improvements, as on wear-prone and trouble-prone Ölspiegelreguliersysteme can be omitted. This will reduce the manufacturing costs inventive compound (refrigeration) systems lowered and at the same time becomes a Reliable lubricating oil supply all compressors of the invention Composite (refrigeration) system guaranteed.

    Claims (6)

    Verbund(kälte)anlage, aufweisend mehrere, auf zwei oder mehr Ebenen angeordnete Verdichter, wobei die auf einer Ebene angeordneten Verdichter jeweils über eine Ölausgleichsleitung miteinander verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass a) pro Ebene (E1, E2) wenigstens ein Behälter (B1, B2) vorgesehen ist, b) die Behälter (B1, B2) derart dimensioniert sind, dass sie wenigstens die pro Ebene (E1, E2) erforderliche Mindestölmenge aufnehmen können, c) die Behälter (B1, B2) jeweils mit der Ölausgleichsleitung (1, 2) ihrer Ebene (E1, E2) verbunden sind, d) wobei der Behälter (B1) der untersten Ebene (E1) mit der zugehörigen Ölausgleichsleitung (1) absperrbar (a) verbunden ist, e) der Behälter (B1) der untersten Ebene (E1) über eine Druckleitung (4) mit der Druckseite der Verbund(kälte)anlage absperrbar (b) verbunden ist, und f) die Behälter (B1, B2) über eine Verbindungsleitung (5) miteinander verbunden sind, g) wobei die Verbindungsleitung (5) an dem Behälter (B2) der oberen Ebene (E2) derart angeordnet ist, dass der Behälter (B2) nur bis zu dem in der oberen Ebene (E2) gewünschten Ölstand entleert wird. Composite (refrigeration) system, comprising a plurality of compressors arranged on two or more levels, wherein the compressors arranged on a plane are connected to each other via an oil equalization line, characterized in that a) at least one container (B1, B2) is provided per level (E1, E2), b) the containers (B1, B2) are dimensioned such that they can accommodate at least the minimum quantity of oil required per level (E1, E2), c) the containers (B1, B2) are each connected to the oil equalization line (1, 2) of their plane (E1, E2), d) wherein the container (B1) of the lowest level (E1) with the associated oil equalization line (1) lockable (a) is connected, e) the container (B1) of the lowest level (E1) via a pressure line (4) with the pressure side of the composite (cold) plant shut-off (b) is connected, and f) the containers (B1, B2) are connected to one another via a connecting line (5), g) wherein the connecting line (5) on the container (B2) of the upper level (E2) is arranged such that the container (B2) is emptied only up to the in the upper level (E2) desired oil level. Verbund(kälte)anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest einer der Behälter (B1, B2) über eine Saugleitung (6, 7) mit der Saugseite der Verbund(kälte)anlage absperrbar (c, d) verbunden ist.Composite (refrigeration) system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the containers (B1, B2) via a suction line (6, 7) with the suction side of the composite (cold) system shut-off (c, d) is connected. Verbund(kälte)anlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass den Verdichtem (V1, V2, ...) einer Ebene (E1, E2) jeweils ein Ölspiegelreguliersystem zugeordnet ist.Composite (refrigeration) system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Verdichtem (V1, V2, ...) of a plane (E1, E2) is assigned in each case a Ölspiegelreguliersystem. Verbund(kälte)anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Behälter (B1, B2) absperrbar miteinander verbunden sind. Composite (cold) installation according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the containers (B1, B2) are connected to one another in a lockable manner. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Verbund(kälte)anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass a') zu Beginn eines Ölausgleiches zwischen den Verdichtern (V1, V2, ...) alle Verdichter (V1, V2, ...) abgeschaltet werden und die zwischen der Ölausgleichsleitung (1) und dem Behälter (B1) der unteren Ebene (E1) angeordnete Absperrvorrichtung (a), sofern sie geschlossen ist, geöffnet wird, b') die Verdichter (V1, V2, ...) so lange abgeschaltet bleiben, bis zwischen den Verdichtern (V1, V2, ...) jeder Ebene (E1, E2) und über die Verbindungsleitung (5) zwischen den Ebenen (E1, E2) ein Ölausgleich erfolgt ist, c') nach Abschluss des Ölausgleiches die zwischen der Ölausgleichsleitung (1) und dem Behälter (B1) der unteren Ebene (E1) angeordnete Absperrvorrichtung (a) geschlossen wird, d') ein oder mehrere Verdichter (V1, V2, V3) der unteren Ebene (E1) in Betrieb genommen werden, e') die in der Druckleitung (4) angeordnete Absperrvorrichtung (b) geöffnet wird, f) wobei die Absperrvorrichtung (b) so lange geöffnet bleibt, bis ein ggf. erforderlicher Ölausgleich zwischen den Behältem (B1, B2) erfolgt ist, und g') nach erfolgtem Ölausgleich die zwischen der Ölausgleichsleitung (1) und dem Behälter (B1) der unteren Ebene (E1) angeordnete Absperrvorrichtung (a) geöffnet wird. Method for operating a composite refrigeration system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a ') at the beginning of an oil equalization between the compressors (V1, V2, ...) all compressors (V1, V2, ...) are switched off and the between the oil equalization line (1) and the container (B1) of the lower level ( E1) arranged shut-off device (a), if it is closed, is opened, b ') the compressors (V1, V2, ...) remain switched off until between the compressors (V1, V2, ...) of each level (E1, E2) and via the connecting line (5) between the levels ( E1, E2) an oil balance has taken place, c ') after completion of the oil equalization, the shut-off device (a) disposed between the oil equalizing line (1) and the lower-level tank (B1) (E1) is closed, d ') one or more compressors (V1, V2, V3) of the lower level (E1) are put into operation, e ') in the pressure line (4) arranged shut-off device (b) is opened, f) wherein the shut-off device (b) remains open until a possibly required oil balance between the container (B1, B2) has taken place, and g ') after the oil balance has been completed, the shut-off device (a) arranged between the oil equalizing line (1) and the container (B1) of the lower level (E1) is opened. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit oder nach der Inbetriebnahme eines oder mehrerer der Verdichter (V1, V2, V3) der unteren Ebene (E1) ein oder mehrere Verdichter (V4, V5, V6) der oberen Ebene (E2) in Betrieb genommen werden.A method according to claim 5, characterized in that with or after the commissioning of one or more of the compressors (V1, V2, V3) of the lower level (E1) one or more compressors (V4, V5, V6) of the upper level (E2) in Operation.
    EP04028680A 2003-12-10 2004-12-03 A (compound) refrigeration system and method for operating the (compound) refrigeration system Not-in-force EP1550832B1 (en)

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    DE10357556A DE10357556A1 (en) 2003-12-10 2003-12-10 Composite (cold) plant and method for operating a composite (cold) plant
    DE10357556 2003-12-10

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    EP2034256A1 (en) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-11 Electricité de France Method and apparatus for equalizing oil between compressors
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    WO2014154046A1 (en) * 2013-03-29 2014-10-02 艾默生环境优化技术(苏州)有限公司 Compressor system and control method therefor
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    Cited By (12)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    EP2034258A1 (en) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-11 Electricité de France Device and method for balancing oil between compressors
    EP2034256A1 (en) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-11 Electricité de France Method and apparatus for equalizing oil between compressors
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    WO2013007310A1 (en) * 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Carrier Corporation Refrigeration circuit with oil compensation
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    WO2014154046A1 (en) * 2013-03-29 2014-10-02 艾默生环境优化技术(苏州)有限公司 Compressor system and control method therefor
    DE102013014543A1 (en) * 2013-09-03 2015-03-05 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg heat pump device

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    DE502004001792D1 (en) 2006-11-30
    EP1550832B1 (en) 2006-10-18
    DE10357556A1 (en) 2005-07-14
    ATE343107T1 (en) 2006-11-15
    ES2274374T3 (en) 2007-05-16

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