EP1550012B1 - Chronograph-type watch - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a chronograph-type watch provided with a movement ( 29 ) comprising: current time display means, measured time display means, a time base designed to regulate said display means, a control device ( 34, 40 ) for starting and stopping the measured time display means, a reset device for resetting the measured time display means when time measurement is over. The watch is provided with a case ( 10 ) for housing the movement ( 29 ) and comprising at least one slide ( 24 ) for controlling the control and reset devices. Said watch further comprises a locking device ( 32, 52 ) designed to co-operate with the control device ( 34, 40 ) to enable or disable it, and an actuating member ( 28, 44 ) designed to de accessible outside the case ( 10 ), for controlling device locking device ( 32, 52 ).

Description

• ■ des moyens d'affichage du temps courant,
• ■ des moyens d'affichage d'un temps chronométré,
• ■ une base de temps agencée pour réguler les moyens d'affichage, aussi bien de temps courant que de temps chronométré,
• ■ un dispositif de commande assurant le départ et l'arrêt des moyens d'affichage du temps chronométré, et
• ■ un dispositif de mise à zéro pour ramener à zéro les moyens d'affichage de temps chronométré lorsqu'une mesure est terminée.

The present invention relates to watches type chronographs. Such watches make it possible to measure a time from a given instant, the control being effected by pressing one or more pushbuttons. It relates more specifically to a watch provided with a movement comprising:

• ■ display means of the current time,
• ■ display means of a timed time,
• A time base arranged to regulate the display means, both current time and timed time,
• A control device for starting and stopping the means for displaying the timed time, and
• A reset device for zeroing the timed display means when a measurement is completed.

This watch further comprises a housing housing for movement and having at least one pusher for controlling the control devices and zeroing. Some of these watches have only one pushbutton controlling the two devices, others, more frequent, include two separate pushers.

Such watches are susceptible to untimely maneuvers. Thus, a shock on one of the pushers can cause the unexpected stop of a measurement in progress. Such a situation can also occur in diving, where the pressure of the water acts on the start-stop pushbutton until it can interrupt a measurement in progress, which can be, to say the least, detrimental.

Moreover, it is possible to make watches that have the same needle capable of displaying several information, such as the minutes of current time and minutes of time timed. One of them is described in the patent application EP 1408383 . In order to avoid any Uncertainty about the information displayed, it is desirable that the transition from one to the other function is done clearly. This can be achieved by blocking the chronograph mechanism as long as the dual display needle indicates information other than that relating to the timed time.

The document CH 104 374 discloses a locking device of the only reset mechanism.

The present invention, defined by claim 1, is intended to overcome these disadvantages. To this end, the watch of the invention is characterized in that it further comprises a locking device arranged to cooperate with the control device, and capable of occupying first and second positions in which the device control may or may not be activated, and an actuating member intended to be accessible from the outside of the box for controlling the locking device. Thanks to this locking device, it is thus possible to prevent any accidental manipulation.

Chronograph-type watches are of course known in which the pushers can be screwed to the middle of the case so as to improve the seal. It is clear that a screwed pusher becomes inoperative. Such an operation, however, requires some attention, each pusher to be locked by itself. By having a control member accessible from the outside of the box, which controls the locking device, it is possible to ensure a locking of the two buttons simultaneously. The control member may as well be a pusher a crown, depending on the desired purpose.

When the timed time display means further allows the display of other information, it is desirable that the controller be inactive as long as the timed time display means displays this other information. For this purpose, the locking device is arranged so as to be able to act on the control device only when the timed time display means are at zero or display information other than the timed time. Of the so that, as long as the time display means display other information than the timed time, an action on the control member, and by it on the locking device, makes the control device operable and leads to zero needle providing a dual display. In this case, the control member is advantageously a pusher.

In some measurements, it is desirable to be able to store the information until it can be noted or used. In order to save the information, the locking device is arranged so as to make the zeroing device also actuable or not.

The locking device advantageously comprises a locking piece which acts on the pusher to immobilize it. In this way, the pusher can not be moved accidentally, neither by a movement of the user, nor by the pressure of the water during dive.

Alternatively, the locking device comprises a movable connecting piece arranged so that, depending on the position it occupies, a pressure on the pusher is or is not transmitted to the control mechanism.

It is also possible to combine the presence of a movable connecting piece with a blocking of the pusher. In this case, during the blocking operation, the pusher can be moved, so as to put its seal under stress and thus strengthen the seal.

In order to allow the user to know the state of the chronograph mechanism, the locking device further comprises an apparent display member on the dial of the watch, to indicate which position occupies the locking device. and, consequently, whether the control device is operable or not.

The actuating member may be formed of a crown pivotally mounted on the box. It can also be formed of a pusher.

• ■ une tige disposée au travers de la boîte et destinée à porter la couronne que comporte l'organe de commande, et un pignon à son extrémité intérieure à la boîte,
• ■ une bague entourant le mouvement et munie d'une denture sur une portion de sa tranche adjacente au pignon, et susceptible d'occuper deux positions, le passage de l'une à l'autre se faisant par un mouvement de rotation, et
• ■ un organe d'interposition, solidaire de la bague et coopérant avec le poussoir pour qu'il puisse agir ou non sur le dispositif de commande.

In a particularly simple embodiment, the locking device comprises:

• A rod disposed through the box and intended to carry the crown that comprises the control member, and a pinion at its inner end to the box,
• A ring surrounding the movement and provided with a toothing on a portion of its portion adjacent to the pinion, and capable of occupying two positions, the passage from one to the other being effected by a rotational movement, and
• ■ an interposing member secured to the ring and cooperating with the pusher so that it may or may not act on the control device.

• ■ la figure 1 représente une montre munie d'un mécanisme selon l'invention ;
• ■ les figures 2a, et 2b illustrent un mécanisme de chronographe muni d'un organe de verrouillage de la seule fonction « départ-arrêt », équipant la montre de la figure 1 ;
• ■ les figures 3 à 3d concernent un dispositif permettant de rendre inactifs, par blocage, les poussoirs «départ-arrêt» et « mise à zéro » ;
• ■ les figures 4 à 4d montrent un dispositif permettant de débrayer les poussoirs « départ-arrêt » et « mise à zéro », les rendant inopérants.

Other advantages and features of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawing, in which:

• ■ the figure 1 represents a watch provided with a mechanism according to the invention;
• ■ the Figures 2a , and 2b illustrate a chronograph mechanism provided with a locking member of the only function "start-stop", equipping the watch with the figure 1 ;
• ■ the Figures 3 to 3d concern a device making it possible to inactivate, by blocking, the "start-stop" and "zeroing"pushbuttons;
• ■ the Figures 4 to 4d show a device for disengaging the push-buttons "start-stop" and "zeroing", making them inoperative.

The watch represented on the figure 1 is chronograph type. It comprises, in a conventional manner, a box 10 serving as a housing for a movement, which carries a dial 12, hands of the hours of current time 14, minutes of current time and of timed time 16 and seconds of timed time 20.

The display of the current time is corrected by means of a time setting ring 22, connected to the movement members by a time-setting rod not visible in the drawing.

The functions relating to the timing are provided by three pushers 24, 26 and 28 respectively arranged at two hours, four hours and eight hours. The pusher 24 controls the start and stop of a measurement of timed time, while the pusher 26 ensures the zeroing of the hands 16 and 20 when a measurement of timed time has been interrupted. Finally, the pusher 28 makes it possible to move the chronograph mechanism from a first state, in which it is locked, to a second state in which it is unlocked.

When the chronograph mechanism is locked, the needle 16 displays the minutes of current time, while when it is unlocked, it indicates the timed time. In the locked state, the pushers 24 and 26 are inactive. To allow the passage from one to the other of these states, the mechanism comprises a locking device which will be described in more detail below and which has the effect of rendering inoperative the pusher 24 when the mechanism is locked, while the pusher 28 is off when a measurement is in progress.

This mechanism is part of a movement which comprises, in a conventional manner and not visible in the drawing, a source of energy such as a barrel, a time base such as a sprung balance, a work train, of which only a mobile 29 is visible on the figure 2a , and an escapement connecting the work train to the pendulum for maintenance, as well as time setting and chronograph mechanisms. The various components of the movement are arranged on a frame 30, formed of a plate and bridges, which ensures the relative positioning of the various moving parts.

As explained above, the chronograph mechanism represented on the Figures 2a and 2b which is described in detail in the patent application EP 02022505.8 , allows the display of the minutes of timed time and the current time with the single needle 16. The part of the mechanism relating to the commands "start-stop" and "zeroing" could be replaced without any other mechanism of existing chronograph.

The mechanism shown in the drawing essentially comprises locking, control and zeroing devices, the parts of which are parts are identified by the first two digits of their reference beginning respectively with 32, 34 and 36. The springs that comprise this mechanism are schematically represented by arrows identified by the letter "F" followed by the number corresponding to the reference of the part on which it acts. The arrow is oriented approximately in the direction in which the spring exerts its force.

• un organe de commutation 321, comprenant :
  • ■ un corps 321a en forme d'oiseau, avec une tête 321b munie d'un trou 321c dans lequel est engagée une tige traversant le bâti 30 de part en part et portant un doigt 321d visible sur la figure 2b, un bec 321e, deux ailes 321f et 321g, l'aile 321g étant munie d'une goupille 321h, et une queue 321j, la tête 321b étant disposée du côté du centre du mouvement et la queue 321j à la périphérie, au voisinage de 7 heures,
  • ■ un levier 321k monté pivotant sur la queue 321j et s'étendant sur le pourtour du mouvement de 7 à 9 heures, muni d'une goupille 321m disposée de manière à se trouver ou non sur le chemin parcouru par le poussoir 28, et d'une butée 321n placée à son extrémité libre,
  • ■ un cliquet 321p monté pivotant sur le levier 321k et limité dans son mouvement par la butée 321n,

• une came de commutation, par exemple une roue à colonnes 322, schématiquement représentée, commandée en rotation par le cliquet 321p, tournant sur le bâti 30 en 322a,
• un levier d'enclenchement 324, comportant un corps de forme allongée 324a, monté pivotant sur le bâti 30 dans sa partie médiane, et dont l'une des extrémités est munie d'un nez 324b agencé pour coopérer avec les colonnes de la roue 322, alors que l'autre extrémité comporte un premier trou oblong 324c dans lequel un plot 325 est monté coulissant, destiné à coopérer avec le dispositif de commande 34, et un deuxième trou oblong 324d, dans lequel est logé une goupille à tête 326, elle-même fixée sur le bâti 30, assurant le positionnement du levier 324 dans le plan du mouvement.

The locking device 32 comprises:

• a switching member 321, comprising:
  • A body 321a in the shape of a bird, with a head 321b provided with a hole 321c in which is engaged a rod passing through the frame 30 from one side and carrying a finger 321d visible on the figure 2b , a spout 321e, two wings 321f and 321g, the wing 321g being provided with a pin 321h, and a tail 321j, the head 321b being disposed on the side of the center of the movement and the tail 321j at the periphery, in the vicinity of 7 hours,
  • A lever 321k pivotally mounted on the tail 321j and extending around the periphery of the movement from 7 to 9 hours, provided with a pin 321m arranged so as to be located or not on the path traveled by the pusher 28, and a stop 321n placed at its free end,
  • A ratchet 321p pivotally mounted on the lever 321k and limited in its movement by the stop 321n,

• a switching cam, for example a column wheel 322, diagrammatically represented, controlled in rotation by the pawl 321p, rotating on the frame 30 at 322a,
• an engagement lever 324, comprising an elongated body 324a, pivotally mounted on the frame 30 in its middle part, and one end of which is provided with a nose 324b arranged to cooperate with the columns of the wheel 322 , while the other end has a first oblong hole 324c in which a pad 325 is slidably mounted, intended to cooperate with the control device 34, and a second oblong hole 324d, in which is housed a pin 326 head, it - Even fixed on the frame 30, ensuring the positioning of the lever 324 in the plane of movement.

• le corps 321a par le ressort F321a,
• le levier 321k, par le ressort F321k qui tend à le ramener lorsqu'une pression a été appliquée sur le poussoir 28,
• le cliquet 321p par le ressort F321p qui le maintient en appui contre la goupille 321n,
• le corps 324a par le ressort F324a, qui tend à appliquer le nez 324b contre la roue 322, et
• le plot 325 par le ressort F325 qui tend à l'appuyer du côté extérieur du trou oblong 324c.

The constituent parts of the locking device 32 are positioned by springs schematically represented by an arrow, and more particularly:

• the body 321a by the spring F321a,
• the lever 321k, by the spring F321k which tends to bring it back when a pressure has been applied to the pusher 28,
• the ratchet 321p by the spring F321p which keeps it bearing against the pin 321n,
• the body 324a by the spring F324a, which tends to apply the nose 324b against the wheel 322, and
• the stud 325 by the spring F325 which tends to press the outer side of the oblong hole 324c.

• un levier de commande 341 comportant :
  • ■ un corps 341a disposé à la périphérie du mouvement de 2 à 7 heures, qui pivote en 341b sur le bâti 30 légèrement en dessous de 4 heures, et qui est muni, à l'une de ses extrémités, d'un pliage 341c s'étendant dans l'épaisseur du plot 325, et
  • ■ un cliquet 341d, monté pivotant sur l'autre extrémité du corps 341a, dont la fonction sera précisée ci-dessous,

• une came 342, par exemple de type roue à colonnes, entraînée par le cliquet 341d, qui commande l'embrayage de chronographe, non représenté au dessin, et positionne l'organe de commutation 321 par son doigt 321d.

The control device 34, more particularly visible on the figure 2b and includes:

• a control lever 341 comprising:
  • A body 341a disposed at the periphery of the movement of 2 to 7 hours, which pivots at 341b on the frame 30 slightly below 4 hours, and which is provided at one of its ends with a folding 341c s extending in the thickness of the pad 325, and
  • A pawl 341d, pivotally mounted on the other end of the body 341a, the function of which will be specified below,

• a cam 342, for example of column wheel type, driven by the pawl 341d, which controls the chronograph clutch, not shown in the drawing, and positions the switching member 321 by its finger 321d.

• le corps 341a, par le ressort F341a qui tend à le ramener lorsqu'une pression a été appliquée sur le poussoir 24, et
• le cliquet 341d, par le ressort F341d, qui l'applique contre la came 342.

The constituent parts of the control device 34 are positioned by springs and more particularly:

• the body 341a, by the spring F341a which tends to bring it back when pressure has been applied to the pusher 24, and
• the pawl 341d, by the spring F341d, which applies it against the cam 342.

The zeroing device 36 is formed in particular by a lever 361 and a hammer 362.

The lever 361 is provided with a pin 361a arranged facing the pusher 26 and a groove 361b placed so that it can serve as a housing for the pin 321h when the finger 321d bears against a column of the 342. A spring F361 tends to push the lever 361 in support against the pusher. The hammer is also subjected to an elastic force by a spring F362 keeping it bearing against the wheel 322.

The hammer 362 will not be described in more detail it is intended to cooperate with cams carried by the wheels of the chronograph wheel bearing needles, to zero them. Such devices are well known to those skilled in the art.

In the mechanism thus described, the pusher 24 acts on the lever 341 via the stud 325, which bears against the folding 341c. Also, when the pad 325 is not interposed between the folding 341c and the pusher 24, a pressure on the latter is without effect.

When the chronograph mechanism is locked, the nose 324b bears against a column of the cam 322. In this position, the stud 325 is set back from the pusher 24, which is therefore inactive.

If the user exerts pressure on the pusher 28, it pushes the pin 321m, which controls the lever 321k. The latter drives the ratchet 321p which rotates the column wheel 322.

One of the columns of the wheel 322 releases the nose 324b which falls between two columns under the effect of the spring F324a, so that the pad 325 is placed between the pusher 24 and the folding 341c.

Pressing the pusher again 28 rotates the column wheel 322 so that the nose 324b is raised and the stud 325 moves away from the pusher 24, which becomes inactive again.

When the pusher 24 is active, a pressure on the latter controls the start of a measurement, according to the usual operation of the chronograph mechanism and pivots the lever 341 which drives the pawl 341d and, with it, the cam 342. The finger 321d is raised by a column of the cam 342. The pin 321h then engages in the housing 361b. In addition, the lever 321k is driven by the body 321a so that the pin 321m is offset relative to the pusher 28. In this way, as soon as the chronograph mechanism is engaged, the pusher 28 becomes inactive. pusher 26 is also inactive. While the lever 361 pivots under the effect of a pressure on the pusher 26, but this movement has no influence on the other parts of the mechanism.

Pressing the pusher 24 again stops the measurement and rotates the cam 342 one step. The finger 321d is then between two columns of this cam. It does not fall so far, despite the action of the spring F321a, because of the pin 321h retained in the housing 361b. The pusher 28 remains inactive.

If the pusher 24 is under a new pressure, the measurement starts again and the finger 321d bears against a column.

If a pressure is made on the pusher 26 when the measurement is interrupted, that is to say also when the finger 321d is between two columns of the cam 342, the lever 361 tilts and releases the pin 321h. The body 321a tilts under the effect of the spring F321a, and with it the lever 321k. The pin 321m is again facing the pusher 28 which becomes active again. The movement of the body 321 releases, in addition, the hammer 362 which controls the zeroing of the minute hands of time timed.

By pressing on the pusher 28, the chronograph mechanism returns to its locked state and the minute hand 16 goes from zero to the display of the current time, as explained above.

The figure 3 represents a watch which can be seen the box 10, the setting ring 22 and two pushers 24 and 26. The figure 3a can also see the dial 12.

The ring 22 is used to set the time information about the current time, the pusher 24 to control the start and stop of a chronograph mechanism, and the pusher 26 to zero. This watch is represented on the figure 3a cut according to a plane AA perpendicular to the drawing and on Figures 3b ₁ and 3b ₂ cut along a plane BB also perpendicular, in the locked position of the pusher 24 in 3b ₁ and free in 3b ₂ . The Figures 3c and 3d show, seen from the side as indicated by the arrows C and D, part of the watch respectively in the locked and free position of the pushers.

In these figures, the chronograph mechanism is represented only schematically, by a portion of control lever 40 and zeroing lever 42, these portions cooperating respectively with the pushers 24 and 26. This mechanism can be of n ' any type controlled by two pushers.

The box 10 carries, in addition, at 8 o'clock, a second ring 44, which, as can be seen on the figure 3a is secured to a rod 46 passing through the wall of the box 10. The rod 46 is provided with a pinion 48 mounted on a square 46a of the rod 46 and held by a screw 50 engaged in a thread formed in the rod 46 .

The watch is, furthermore, equipped with a ring 52 disposed inside the box 10, adjacent to the inner wall of the caseband and the dial 12, which forms with the ring 44, the rod 46 and the pinion 48 , a locking device of the pushers 24 and 26.

The ring 52 is provided, in its adjacent portion of the ring 44, a toothed gear sector 52a which meshes with the toothing of the pinion 48, thus allowing its driving in rotation, over a limited angle. As will be explained below, the ring 52 is intended to block the pushers 24 and 26.

The Figures 3b ₁ and 3b ₂ represent the pusher 24 in section, engaged in the box 10, respectively in locked and free positions. A tube 54, driven into a hole which is provided with the box 10, serves as a housing for the pusher 24. The latter is formed of an outer button 24a, on which the user presses, and a rod 24b screwed on the button 24a and engaged in the tube 54. A seal 24c is housed on the rod 24b and bears against the inner end of the button 24a, while a coil spring 55 surrounds the rod 24b and is supported by a part in the bottom of the tube 54, on the other hand against the seal 24c ensuring the return of the pusher 24 when subjected to pressure. A washer may advantageously be interposed between the spring 55 and the seal 24c.

The pusher 24 is held in the box 10 by means of a screw 56 engaged in a threaded hole in the rod 24b, which is not visible in the drawing. This screw is provided with a head 56a which cooperates with the lever 40 to control the chronograph mechanism. The head 56a has a groove 56b extending radially in its cylindrical portion.

To ensure the locking of the pusher 24, the ring 52 comprises a cylindrical portion 52b of inner and outer diameters and height such that this portion can be engaged in the groove 56b, as shown in FIG. figure 3c .

The portion 52b is provided with a rounded cutout 52c, arranged so that, when aligned with the pusher 24, the groove is released, which makes possible the movement of the pusher 24.

When the ring 52 is in one of its extreme positions, the cutout 52c is aligned on the axis B-B, so that the pusher 24 can be activated. In the other position, the ring 52 is engaged in the groove 56b, thus blocking the pusher 24.

The pusher 26, which has the same structure as the pusher 24 cooperates with the ring 52 in the same way to the latter. A detailed description would thus bring nothing more to the understanding of the device.

Advantageously, the two extreme positions of the ring 52 can be defined by a jumper which has not been shown in the drawing, which would have the advantage of clearly marking these two positions. In addition, in order to enable the user to know whether or not the mechanism is in operation, the ring 52 is provided with a display area 52c having two marks, for example of different colors 52d and 52e, which appear on the screen. one or the other in a window 12a of the dial 12, thus showing which position occupies the ring 52 and, in this way, whether the mechanism is in function or locked.

The variant represented in Figures 4 to 4d differs from that of the Figures 3 to 3d because the ring 52 does not block the pushers 24 and 26 but makes them active or not by the interposition of an elastic member. In this variant, the same parts bear the same references as on the Figures 3 to 3d .

In this variant, the ring 52 is made of elastic material, for example steel or beryllium bronze. It also comprises a cylindrical portion 52b, but in which are cut lamellae 52f, integral with the cylindrical portion at one of their ends, free and forming, by folding, a finger 52g at the other end. This finger 52g is at the same level as the screw head 56a. In this way, if the blade 52f is opposite the screw head 56a, an action on the pusher 24 causes the screw head 56a to bear against the blade 52f, the finger 52g pushing the lever 40. In the vicinity of the folding 52g, the cylindrical portion is interrupted, so that by rotating the ring to bring it to its second position, the blade is no longer opposite the screw head 56a, the displacement of the pusher 24 then taking place in a vacuum.

The various embodiments described above can be the subject of numerous variants. It is thus possible to equip the locking device with means enabling the seals 24c to be put under stress in order to reinforce the tightness of the watch.

The function of the control member could also be provided by the time setting ring 22 in its depressed position, especially in the case where the movement comprises a quartz time base and a source of electrical energy.

Thus, thanks to the different embodiments of the device described above, it is possible to propose chronograph type watches offering greater operational safety.

Claims (9)

1. A watch, of the chronograph type, provided with a movement (29) comprising:

   ■ means for displaying the current time,

   ■ means for displaying a measured time,

   ■ a time base arranged in order to regulate said display means,

   ■ a control device (34, 40) ensuring the start and stop of the measured time display means,

   ■ a reset device to reset the measured time display means when a measurement is finished,

   and a case (10) serving as a housing for said movement (29) and comprising at least one push-piece (24) designed to control said devices, characterized in that said watch also comprises a locking device (32, 52) arranged in order to cooperate with the control device (34, 40) and capable of occupying first and second positions in which said control device (34, 40) can be activated or not, and an actuating organ (28, 44), designed to be accessible from the outside of the case (10), in order to
   control the locking device (32, 52).
2. The watch according to claim 1, characterized in that said measured time display means also allow the display of information other than the measured time and in that said locking device (32) is arranged so as to act on the control device (34) only when the measured time display means are at zero or display information other than the measured time.
3. The watch according to claim 1, characterized in that said locking device (52) is arranged so as to cooperate with the reset device (42) to make it capable or incapable of being actuated.
4. The watch according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said locking device (52b) comprises a blocking part which acts on said push-piece (24, 26) to immobilize it.
5. The watch according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said locking device (32, 52) comprises a mobile connecting piece (325, 52f) arranged such that, depending on the position it occupies, pressure on the push-piece (24, 26) is, or is not, transmitted to the control device (34, 40).
6. The watch according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the locking device (52) also comprises a display organ (52c), making it possible to indicate whether or not the control device (52) can be actuated.
7. The watch according to claim 1, characterized in that said actuating organ (44) is made up of a crown (44) mounted rotatingly on said case (10).
8. The watch according to claim 7, characterized in that the actuating organ comprises an arbor (46) disposed through the case (10) and designed to support said crown (44) at its outer end, and a pinion (48) at its end inside the case (10), and in that the locking device comprises:

   ■ a ring (52) surrounding said movement (29) and provided with a toothing (52a) on a portion of its edge adjacent to said pinion (48), capable of occupying two positions, the passage from one to the other being done by a rotational movement, and

   ■ an interposition organ (52b, 52f), integral with the ring (52) and cooperating with the push-piece (24) so that it can act or not act on the control device (40).
9. The watch according to claim 1, characterized in that said actuating organ is made up of a push-piece (28) mounted slidingly on said case (10).

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