EP1545785A1 - Electrostatically operating filter and method for separating particles from a gas - Google Patents

Electrostatically operating filter and method for separating particles from a gas

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Publication number
EP1545785A1
EP1545785A1 EP03750661A EP03750661A EP1545785A1 EP 1545785 A1 EP1545785 A1 EP 1545785A1 EP 03750661 A EP03750661 A EP 03750661A EP 03750661 A EP03750661 A EP 03750661A EP 1545785 A1 EP1545785 A1 EP 1545785A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
electrode
particles
electrostatic filter
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03750661A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1545785B1 (en
Inventor
Hubert R. Lageman
Manfred W. Schmoch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Zosen Inova Steinmueller GmbH
Original Assignee
Hochschule fur Abgewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg
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Publication of EP1545785A1 publication Critical patent/EP1545785A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1545785B1 publication Critical patent/EP1545785B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic filter for separating particles from a gas, which has at least one electrode connected to a high-voltage source and at least one grounded or oppositely polarized electrode, between which the gas loaded with the particles can be passed.
  • the invention further relates to a method for separating particles from a gas by means of an electrostatically operating filter.
  • Electrostatic filters of the generic type are known, for example, from EP 0 847 806 B1. They are used for the electrostatic separation of any particles and droplets from different gases in many process engineering processes, especially for gas dedusting.
  • the gas to be cleaned flows through a lane-shaped register of precipitation electrodes, each of which is essentially shaped as a plate.
  • Spray electrodes are arranged in the center of each alley formed by the precipitation electrodes.
  • a high DC voltage is applied between the spray electrodes and the precipitation electrodes, which is above the corona threshold voltage.
  • the spray electrodes emit electrons, which are accelerated in the immediate vicinity of the high-voltage spray electrodes due to the high electric field strength there so that their kinetic energy is sufficient to knock out more electrons from neutral gas atoms and / or molecules and in this way to generate an electron cloud.
  • the electric field strength quickly decreases, so that the kinetic energy of the electrons falls below the limit at which the electrons are bound again by neutral gas molecules or atoms with the formation of negative gas ions.
  • these negative gas ions preferentially attach to the dust particles and thus impart an electrical charge to them, so that the dust particles charged in this way experience an accelerating force effect in the direction of the precipitation electrode in the electrical field.
  • they are collected in a dust layer through which the charge carriers flow to the grounded precipitation electrode, agglomerated and preferably cleaned by vibrations of the electrodes, for example caused by knocking, and fed to the dust collection and dust discharge device by gravity.
  • a special design of an electrostatically operating filter is described in DE 3 723 544 A1.
  • a “structured separation electrode” is shown as the precipitation electrode, which is opposite the spray electrode.
  • the structuring can be developed in various ways. It is always used for mechanical binding and storage of the electrostatically separated dust particles.
  • the structure-forming elements of the deposition electrode are placed in front of a closed metal plate, then a field-free space is created within the deposition electrode, but its dimensions are not described because it is irrelevant for the function of the deposition electrode: a Faraday cage is created by accident due to the design.
  • the decisive factor for the function of this type of filter are the porous structure-forming elements, which are intended to ensure binding and storage of the separated dust.
  • HS unit voltage source
  • EP 0 847 806 B1 proposes a method in which the dust particles are charged and separated in procedural terms in decoupled substeps.
  • a first charging zone the dust particles are electrically charged when the number of charge carriers is as high as possible - even if high gas turbulence is accepted.
  • the separation zone the electrically charged dust particles are separated in an electrical field, the voltage of which is below the corona threshold voltage. This avoids the excitation of the electric wind.
  • electrostatically operating filters which are also referred to as electrostatic filters
  • a relatively high expenditure of energy is required for efficient separation of the particles or droplets from the gas.
  • the electrical wind generated creates separation-inhibiting turbulence.
  • the dust layer on the precipitation electrodes increasingly acts as a limiting factor for the current and the separation efficiency.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of eliminating the abovementioned disadvantages and proposing an electrostatic filter and a method for its operation which are distinguished by a high separation efficiency with low energy expenditure.
  • the generation of electric wind should be minimized and the limiting effect of the specific electrical dust resistance should be eliminated.
  • the construction is to be carried out in such a way that a continuous or quasi-continuous removal of the separated particles is ensured during the ongoing filter operation.
  • the solution to this problem by the invention is characterized in that at least one of the electrodes of the electrostatically operating filter comprises a space into which the particles can enter and in the extension of which there is no electrical potential difference when the filter is in operation.
  • a space is therefore provided on the electrode that is largely free of electrical fields.
  • a spray electrode that is, an electrode on which extreme field strength peaks are generated by small radii or other geometric tapering. Since the electrodes of both polarities then act as precipitation or deposition electrodes, it is therefore only necessary to distinguish conceptually between the high-voltage and the grounded electrode.
  • the positive or negative electrode can be highly excited.
  • only the at least one electrode connected to the high-voltage source preferably all electrodes connected to the high-voltage source
  • contains such a space it can also be provided that only the at least one grounded electrode, preferably all grounded electrodes, contains such a space.
  • This space is advantageously at least partially delimited by a grid, mesh or the like and a separating plate, which are connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner and form the electrode.
  • the grid has inlet openings for the particles.
  • the quasi field-free space formed between the grid, mesh or the like and the separating plate is designed in such a way that the entering particles are braked to such an extent that they do not adhere to the separating plate for a longer period of time, but instead fall continuously downwards and are removed ,
  • the grid, net or the like can be formed from a number of interconnected rods arranged parallel to one another, these being electrically conductively connected to the plate-shaped separating plate.
  • the grid is formed from a number of interconnected rings which are arranged parallel to one another and which, when electrically connected to a cylindrical or hollow-cylindrical separating plate, form the electrode.
  • the electrostatically operating filter can be designed as a “plate electrostatic filter”, in which a number of flat, box-shaped electrodes are arranged parallel to one another. It is also possible that it is designed as a tubular electrostatic filter, in which at least two electrodes are cylindrical or hollow-cylindrical are arranged coaxially to each other.
  • At least one electrode has a discharge channel for particles, which adjoins the largely electrically field-free space.
  • the method for separating particles from a gas by means of an electrostatically operating filter which has at least one electrode connected to a high-voltage source and at least one grounded or an oppositely polarized electrode, is characterized in that the gas laden with particles is passed between the electrodes, wherein the particles are deflected to one of the electrodes, and that the particles enter a space of the electrode, in the extension of which there is no electrical potential difference.
  • the high voltage and the grounded electrodes can be constructed in the same way.
  • a quasi-homogeneous electric field is therefore formed between the electrodes perpendicular to the direction of flow of the particle-laden gas - without a field strength peak, as in the previously known systems with spray electrodes.
  • particles can be separated from the gas at the electrodes of both polarities in the same way.
  • the proposed method uses the effect of an electric field between two electrodes on dust particles not ionized by a technical device or on specifically ionized dust particles in a gas stream.
  • the electrodes are preferably under a voltage that is below the corona threshold voltage. Depending on the polarity, the particles in the electric field are deflected towards one of the two electrodes.
  • the electrostatic filter can be constructed as a horizontally flowed filter, in which a cascade of box-shaped electrodes is used. Every second box-shaped electrode is either connected to the high-voltage source or grounded or with opposite polarity.
  • a design can also be provided which leads to a vertically flowed through tube or honeycomb electrostatic precipitator.
  • the proposed principle is equally applicable to a wet electrostatic precipitator.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that, in the proposed design of the electrodes with a quasi-electric field-free space, dust particles can enter the space due to their kinetic energy, but are then not exposed to any further external electrostatic force and are therefore separated and removed using gravity be carried out continuously in the system.
  • the proposed electrostatic filter has a highly efficient ability to separate particles and droplets from any gas stream, with only a small amount of energy being required. The occurrence of an electric wind is largely avoided.
  • the electrodes are cleaned automatically, as described. If, on the other hand, the particles have adhesive or adhesive properties, the filtered particles can be cleaned from the walls of the electrostatic filter and / or the electrodes in a manner known per se by tapping the electrodes, the particles falling down predominantly in a largely electrically field-free space he follows. Depending on the properties of the particles, rinsing - i.e. wet filtering - is also possible during operation.
  • the deposition of particles on / in the electrodes is also essentially dependent on the field strength that prevails between the high-voltage electrode and the grounded electrode.
  • the field line of maximum field strength is perpendicular between the electrodes according to the polarity; this also applies in principle to known filters with grounded separating plates and spray electrodes at high voltage potential.
  • the aim is to increase the distance between the electrodes of different polarity.
  • Electrodes connected in a conductive manner, bodies - eg wires - protrude into the space between the electrodes. These bodies can be arranged parallel or perpendicular or obliquely to the flow direction of the gases to be cleaned.
  • the maximum field strengths depend on the structural arrangement and can therefore have different values and directions.
  • the angles between the maximum field strengths can assume all values between 0 ° and 180 °.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an electrostatic filter, which is designed as a horizontal flow filter.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a vertical flow through a tube filter.
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a filter lane of a horizontally flowed filter, the electrodes of which are provided with field-free spaces and with additional bodies (here wire brackets)
  • FIG. 1 shows an electrostatic filter which is suitable for filtering particles and / or droplets from a gas stream.
  • the gas contaminated with particles and flowing into the filter is identified by an arrow with the reference number 1.
  • the gas flow flows through the filter, the particles in the gas being filtered out and removed.
  • the outflowing cleaned gas is indicated by the arrow with the reference number 2.
  • the stream of separated particles 3 emerges from the filter downwards.
  • a cascade of electrodes is used to clean a larger gas flow.
  • a number of box-shaped electrodes 4 and 5 are arranged parallel to one another. Between the electrodes 4, 5 there are alleys 8 through which the gas 1 to be cleaned is passed.
  • the electrodes 4, 5 are alternately either connected to a high voltage source (namely the electrodes 4) or grounded (namely the electrodes 5).
  • all electrodes 4, 5 are provided with a space, not designated here, into which the particles to be filtered out can enter, but in the extension of which there is no electrical potential difference; it is therefore referred to here as a quasi electrical field-free space.
  • This space is created in the electrodes 4, 5 in that the separating plate 7 is surrounded by a grid 6. Separation plate 7 and grid 6 are electrically conductively connected.
  • the grid 6 consists of a number of rods arranged parallel to one another.
  • the gas loaded with particles first flows between the electrodes 4, 5 (cf. gas stream 1) and there it comes under the effect of the quasi-homogeneous electric field.
  • the particles are deflected towards the electrodes and enter through the grid openings. This means that they are located in a quasi-electric field-free room, where they are no longer exposed to any further external electrostatic force. They fall down due to gravity and can be continuously removed from the filter while the filter is in operation.
  • the cleaned gas leaves the filter in a horizontal direction via an outlet hood (see gas flow 2).
  • the electrodes 4, 5 according to FIG. 1 show, by way of example, the creation of the electrical field-free space by the grid 6, which is made up of interconnected rods and is electrically conductively connected to the internal separating plate 7.
  • the electrodes 4, 5 can have a modular structure and can be arranged one above the other and one behind the other, as shown in FIG. 1. In this example, the electrodes have a field-free space on both sides of the separating plate. Marginal electrodes or, in the case of a filter with only one passage for the gas passage, the electrodes can also be constructed such that they have a field-free space only on one side of the separating plate. In any case, the depth of the field-free space depends on the requirements for continuous particle removal.
  • the grounded electrode 5 contains the quasi-field-free space 9, which is delimited here by a ring grating 6 and the cylindrical separating plate 7.
  • the grid 6 is formed here by a number of interconnected metal rings arranged parallel to one another, these being electrically conductively connected to the separating plate 7 and together forming the electrode 5.
  • the aim is for the electrically field-free spaces 9 to be designed as flow-calmed zones in order to prevent dust from entering the gas flow again.
  • This can be achieved by a corresponding geometric arrangement of the lattice bars or lattice rings and / or a corresponding design of the gas inlet and the gas outlet.
  • 3a and 3b show some details of the design of the electrodes 4, 5 with the separating plate 7, the grating 6 and the quasi electrically field-free spaces 9 defined thereby.
  • the separating plates 7 are plate-shaped and surrounded by rod-shaped grating elements which form the grating 6.
  • the largely electrically field-free space 9 is formed in the electrodes 4, 5 between the separating plates 7 and the grid 6.
  • the filtered particles move downward in the direction of the arrow 3 (direction of gravity) and can be removed from the electrostatic filter.
  • 3b shows a double-walled design of the electrodes 4, 5 to support the discharge of the particles from the filter.
  • the particles located in the largely electrically field-free space 9 sink due to the force of gravity and are guided through guide plates and slots of the double-walled separating plate 7 into an internally protected intermediate space, namely into a discharge channel 10. There they can be led out of the electrostatic filter unaffected by the external gas flow.
  • the structure of the electrodes shown can in principle be provided in the case of an electrostatic filter with a horizontal and vertical flow, wherein straight, curved, edged or round electrodes can be used.
  • the design of the electrodes and the level of the voltage are matched to one another in such a way that there is no increase in the electric field strength, which leads to a corona or to external partial discharges.
  • the bodies 11 are shown between the grids 6. They are made up of wire brackets that are conductively connected to the respective electrodes (4, 5).
  • the straight wires are arranged perpendicular to the gas flow.
  • the bodies can also be arranged parallel to the gas flow or at all angles between perpendicular and parallel to the gas flow.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrostatically operating filter for separating particles from a gas, comprising at least one electrode (4) connected to a high voltage source and at least one earthed or oppositely poled electrode (5) between which the gas charged with particles is guided. In order to improve the cleaning performance of the filter, at least one of the electrodes (4,5) is provided with a space (9) in which the particles can enter and in whose extension essentially no electric potential difference prevails. The invention also relates to a method for separating particles from a gas by means of an electrostatically operating filter.

Description

Elektrostatisch arbeitender Filter und Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Partikeln aus einem GasElectrostatic filter and method for separating particles from a gas
Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrostatisch arbeitenden Filter für das Abscheiden von Partikeln aus einem Gas, der mindestens eine an eine Hochspannungsquelle angeschlossene Elektrode und mindestens eine geerdete oder gegensätzlich gepolte Elektrode aufweist, zwischen denen das mit den Partikeln beladene Gas hindurchführbar ist.The invention relates to an electrostatic filter for separating particles from a gas, which has at least one electrode connected to a high-voltage source and at least one grounded or oppositely polarized electrode, between which the gas loaded with the particles can be passed.
Des weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Partikeln aus einem Gas mittels eines elektrostatisch arbeitenden Filters.The invention further relates to a method for separating particles from a gas by means of an electrostatically operating filter.
Elektrostatisch arbeitende Filter der gattungsgemäßen Art sind beispielsweise aus der EP 0 847 806 B1 bekannt. Sie werden zur elektrostatischen Abscheidung beliebiger Partikel und Tröpfchen aus unterschiedlichen Gasen in vielen verfahrenstechnischen Prozessen eingesetzt, insbesondere zur Gasentstaubung. Dabei durchströmt das zu reinigende Gas ein gassenförmig angeordnetes Register von Niederschlagselektroden, von denen jede wesentlich als Platte ausgeformt ist. Mittig in jeder durch die Niederschlagselektroden gebildeten Gasse sind Sprühelektroden angeordnet. Zwischen den Sprühelektroden und den Niederschlagselektroden wird eine hohe Gleichspannung angelegt, die oberhalb der Korona-Einsatzspannung liegt. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass die Sprühelektroden Elektronen emittieren, die in unmittelbarer Umgebung der hochgespannten Sprühelektroden aufgrund der dort herrschenden hohen elektrischen Feldstärke so stark beschleunigt werden, dass ihre kinetische Energie ausreicht, weitere Elektronen aus neutralen Gasatomen und/oder -molekülen herauszuschlagen und auf diese Weise eine Elektronenwolke zu erzeugen. Auf dem Weg zur (geerdeten) Niederschlagselektrode nimmt die elektrische Feldstärke schnell ab, so dass die kinetische Energie der Elektronen jenen Grenzwert unterschreitet, bei dem die Elektronen durch neutrale Gasmoleküle bzw. -atome unter Bildung von negativen Gasionen wieder gebunden werden.Electrostatic filters of the generic type are known, for example, from EP 0 847 806 B1. They are used for the electrostatic separation of any particles and droplets from different gases in many process engineering processes, especially for gas dedusting. The gas to be cleaned flows through a lane-shaped register of precipitation electrodes, each of which is essentially shaped as a plate. Spray electrodes are arranged in the center of each alley formed by the precipitation electrodes. A high DC voltage is applied between the spray electrodes and the precipitation electrodes, which is above the corona threshold voltage. This ensures that the spray electrodes emit electrons, which are accelerated in the immediate vicinity of the high-voltage spray electrodes due to the high electric field strength there so that their kinetic energy is sufficient to knock out more electrons from neutral gas atoms and / or molecules and in this way to generate an electron cloud. On the way to the (grounded) precipitation electrode, the electric field strength quickly decreases, so that the kinetic energy of the electrons falls below the limit at which the electrons are bound again by neutral gas molecules or atoms with the formation of negative gas ions.
BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE Diese negativen Gasionen lagern sich im weiteren Verlauf des Abscheidemechanismus bevorzugt an die Staubartikel an und teilen diesen damit eine elektrische Ladung mit, wodurch die so geladenen Staubpartikel im elektrischen Feld eine beschleunigende Kraftwirkung in Richtung Niederschlagselektrode erfahren. Dort werden sie in einer Staubschicht, durch die die Ladungsträger zur geerdeten Niederschlagselektrode abfließen, gesammelt, agglomeriert und vorzugsweise durch Vibrationen der Elektroden, beispielsweise hervorgerufen durch Klopfschläge, abgereinigt und durch die Schwerkraft der Staubsammel- und Staubaustragsvorrichtung zugeführt.BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE In the further course of the separation mechanism, these negative gas ions preferentially attach to the dust particles and thus impart an electrical charge to them, so that the dust particles charged in this way experience an accelerating force effect in the direction of the precipitation electrode in the electrical field. There they are collected in a dust layer through which the charge carriers flow to the grounded precipitation electrode, agglomerated and preferably cleaned by vibrations of the electrodes, for example caused by knocking, and fed to the dust collection and dust discharge device by gravity.
Eine besondere Bauart eines elektrostatisch arbeitenden Filters wird in DE 3 723 544 A1 beschrieben. Hier wird eine „strukturierte Abscheideelektrode" als Niederschlagselektrode gezeigt, die der Sprühelektrode gegenübersteht. Die Strukturierung kann auf verschiedene Art und Weise ausgeprägt sein. Stets dient sie der mechanischen Bindung und Speicherung der elektrostatisch abgeschiedenen Staubpartikel.A special design of an electrostatically operating filter is described in DE 3 723 544 A1. Here, a "structured separation electrode" is shown as the precipitation electrode, which is opposite the spray electrode. The structuring can be developed in various ways. It is always used for mechanical binding and storage of the electrostatically separated dust particles.
Ein Abzug des Staubes während des Filterbetriebes aus dem System ist bei dieser Bauart nicht vorgesehen. Die Entsorgung des Staubes erfolgt durch Verbrennung im Filter oder durch Austausch oder Reinigung der Filter außerhalb des Filterbetriebes.With this design, there is no provision for the dust to be removed from the system during filter operation. The dust is disposed of by burning in the filter or by replacing or cleaning the filter outside of the filter operation.
Sind die strukturbildenden Elemente der Abscheideelektrode einer geschlossen Metallplatte vorgelagert, dann entsteht innerhalb der Abscheideelektrode ein feldfreier Raum, der in seinen Dimensionen jedoch nicht beschrieben ist, da er für die Funktion der Abscheideelektrode ohne Belang ist: Es entsteht konstruktionsbedingt zufällig ein Faradayischer Käfig. Entscheidend für die Funktion dieses Filtertyps sind jedoch die porösen strukturbildenden Elemente, die eine Bindung und Speicherung des abgeschiedenen Staubes sicherstellen sollen.If the structure-forming elements of the deposition electrode are placed in front of a closed metal plate, then a field-free space is created within the deposition electrode, but its dimensions are not described because it is irrelevant for the function of the deposition electrode: a Faraday cage is created by accident due to the design. The decisive factor for the function of this type of filter, however, are the porous structure-forming elements, which are intended to ensure binding and storage of the separated dust.
Mit dem genannten Prinzip lassen sich in vielen Anwendungen unterschiedlich geartete Staubpartikel und Tröpfchen aus verschiedensten Gasströmen abscheiden. Dabei wird die Abscheideeffizienz durch die Partikel, aber auch durch die Gaseigenschaften stark beeinflusst. Die Gaszusammensetzung bestimmt entscheidend die lonisierbarkeit der Gase und damit die Anzahl der Gasionen, die zur Chargierung, d. h. zur elektrischen Beladung der Staubpartikel zur Verfügung steht. Bei den Staubpartikeln ist vor allem der spezifische elektrische Staubwiderstand als wesentliche Staubeigeήschaft bekannt, da über diese Größe die Menge der zur Niederschlagselektrode abfließenden Ladungsträger limitiert wird.With this principle, different types of dust particles and droplets can be separated from a wide variety of gas flows in many applications. The separation efficiency is strongly influenced by the particles, but also by the gas properties. The gas composition decisively determines the ionizability of the Gases and thus the number of gas ions available for charging, ie for the electrical loading of the dust particles. In the case of dust particles, the specific electrical dust resistance is primarily known as an essential dust property, since this quantity limits the amount of charge carriers flowing off to the precipitation electrode.
Unabhängig von den Randbedingungen, die durch die Gas- und Staubeigenschaften gegeben sind, wird durch eine geeignete Regelung der Spannungsquelle (HS-Aggregat) stets versucht, die für eine bestimmte Konstellation mögliche und sinnvolle maximale Ladungsträgermenge (Strom) bereitzustellen. Dabei wird akzeptiert, dass der maximale Stromfluss auch eine in der Regel abscheidungshemmende Turbulenz, einen sog. elektrischen Wind, im Gas erzeugt.Regardless of the boundary conditions that are given by the gas and dust properties, a suitable control of the voltage source (HS unit) always tries to provide the maximum and reasonable amount of charge carriers (current) that is possible and sensible for a specific constellation. It is accepted that the maximum current flow also creates turbulence in the gas, which is usually deposition-inhibiting, known as an electrical wind.
Zur Vermeidung des elektrischen Windes schlägt die EP 0 847 806 B1 ein Verfahren vor, bei dem die Chargierung der Staubpartikel und deren Abscheidung verfahrenstechnisch in entkoppelten Teilschritten erfolgt. In einer ersten Chargierungszone werden die Staubpartikel bei möglichst hohem Ladungsträgerangebot - auch unter Inkaufnahme einer hohen Gasturbulenz - elektrisch beladen. In einer sich anschließenden zweiten Zone, der Abscheidezone, werden die elektrisch geladenen Staubpartikel in einem elektrischen Feld abgeschieden, dessen Spannung unterhalb der Korona-Einsatzspannung liegt. Hierdurch wird die Anregung des elektrischen Windes vermieden.To avoid the electric wind, EP 0 847 806 B1 proposes a method in which the dust particles are charged and separated in procedural terms in decoupled substeps. In a first charging zone, the dust particles are electrically charged when the number of charge carriers is as high as possible - even if high gas turbulence is accepted. In a subsequent second zone, the separation zone, the electrically charged dust particles are separated in an electrical field, the voltage of which is below the corona threshold voltage. This avoids the excitation of the electric wind.
Bei vorbekannten elektrostatisch arbeitenden Filtern, die auch als Elektrofilter bezeichnet werden, ist für eine effiziente Abscheidung der Partikel bzw. Tröpfchen aus dem Gas ein relativ hoher Energieaufwand erforderlich. Desweiteren stellt sich im Allgemeinen das genannte Problem, dass der erzeugte elektrische Wind abscheidungshemmende Turbulenzen erzeugt. Bei hohem spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand des Staubes wirkt die Staubschicht an den Niederschlagselektroden zunehmend als limitierend für den Strom und die Abscheideeffizienz. Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die vorgenannten Nachteile zu beseitigen und ein Elektrofilter und ein Verfahren zu seinem Betrieb vorzuschlagen, die sich durch eine hohe Abscheideeffizienz bei geringem Energieaufwand auszeichnen. Weiterhin soll die Entstehung von elektrischem Wind minimiert und die begrenzende Wirkung des spezifischen elektrischen Staubwiderstandes aufgehoben werden.In the case of known electrostatically operating filters, which are also referred to as electrostatic filters, a relatively high expenditure of energy is required for efficient separation of the particles or droplets from the gas. Furthermore, there is generally the problem mentioned that the electrical wind generated creates separation-inhibiting turbulence. With a high specific electrical resistance of the dust, the dust layer on the precipitation electrodes increasingly acts as a limiting factor for the current and the separation efficiency. The invention is therefore based on the object of eliminating the abovementioned disadvantages and proposing an electrostatic filter and a method for its operation which are distinguished by a high separation efficiency with low energy expenditure. Furthermore, the generation of electric wind should be minimized and the limiting effect of the specific electrical dust resistance should be eliminated.
Schließlich soll im Gegensatz zu DE 3 723 544 A1 die Konstruktion so ausgeführt sein, dass ein kontinuierlicher oder quasi kontinuierlicher Abzug der abgeschiedenen Partikeln während des laufenden Filterbetriebs gewährleistet ist.Finally, in contrast to DE 3 723 544 A1, the construction is to be carried out in such a way that a continuous or quasi-continuous removal of the separated particles is ensured during the ongoing filter operation.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe durch die Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Elektroden des elektrostatisch arbeitenden Filters einen Raum umfaßt, in den die Partikel eintreten können und in dessen Erstreckung beim Betrieb des Filters kein elektrischer Potentialunterschied herrscht. Es wird also an der Elektrode ein Raum vorgesehen, der weitgehend elektrisch feldfrei ist.The solution to this problem by the invention is characterized in that at least one of the electrodes of the electrostatically operating filter comprises a space into which the particles can enter and in the extension of which there is no electrical potential difference when the filter is in operation. A space is therefore provided on the electrode that is largely free of electrical fields.
Dabei wird auf den Einsatz einer Sprühelektrode verzichtet, also einer Elektrode, an der durch kleine Radien oder andere geometrische Zuspitzungen extreme Feldstärkespitzen erzeugt werden. Da dann die Elektroden beider Polaritäten als Niederschlags- oder Abscheideelektroden wirken, ist deswegen begrifflich nur noch zwischen hochgespannter und geerdeter Elektrode zu unterscheiden. Hochgespannt kann dabei die positive oder negative Elektrode sein.In this case, the use of a spray electrode is avoided, that is, an electrode on which extreme field strength peaks are generated by small radii or other geometric tapering. Since the electrodes of both polarities then act as precipitation or deposition electrodes, it is therefore only necessary to distinguish conceptually between the high-voltage and the grounded electrode. The positive or negative electrode can be highly excited.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung ist dabei vorgesehen, dass nur die mindestens eine an die Hochspannungsquelle angeschlossene Elektrode, vorzugsweise alle an die Hochspannungsquelle angeschlossenen Elektroden, einen solchen Raum enthält bzw. enthalten. Es kann aber auch vorgesehen sein, dass nur die mindestens eine geerdete Elektrode, vorzugsweise alle geerdete Elektroden, einen solchen Raum enthält bzw. enthalten. Schließlich kann sowohl die mindestens eine an die Hochspannungsquelle angeschlossene Elektrode als auch die mindestens eine geerdete Elektrode, vorzugsweise alle Elektroden, einen solchen Raum enthalten. Mit Vorteil wird dieser Raum zumindest teilweise durch ein Gitter, Netz oder dergleichen und ein Abscheideblech gegrenzt, die elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden, die Elektrode bilden. Das Gitter weist Eintrittsöffnungen für die Partikel auf.According to one embodiment, it is provided that only the at least one electrode connected to the high-voltage source, preferably all electrodes connected to the high-voltage source, contains such a space. However, it can also be provided that only the at least one grounded electrode, preferably all grounded electrodes, contains such a space. Finally, both the at least one electrode connected to the high-voltage source and the at least one grounded electrode, preferably all electrodes, can contain such a space. This space is advantageously at least partially delimited by a grid, mesh or the like and a separating plate, which are connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner and form the electrode. The grid has inlet openings for the particles.
Dabei stellt das Gitter, Netz oder dergleichen eine Versperrung der projektierten Elektrodenfläche (= Fläche des Abscheidebleches) von maximal 10% dar. Es hat in keiner Weise die Funktion eines mechanischen Abscheiders oder eines Speichers für die abgeschiedenen Partikel.The grid, network or the like represents a blockage of the projected electrode area (= area of the separating plate) of at most 10%. It has no function as a mechanical separator or a storage for the separated particles.
Der zwischen dem Gitter, Netz oder dergleichen und dem Abscheideblech gebildete quasi feldfreie Raum ist so ausgebildet, dass die eintretenden Partikel so weit abgebremst werden, dass sie nach dem Aufprall auf das Abscheideblech nicht über längere Zeit anhaften, sondern kontinuierlich nach unten fallen und abgeführt werden.The quasi field-free space formed between the grid, mesh or the like and the separating plate is designed in such a way that the entering particles are braked to such an extent that they do not adhere to the separating plate for a longer period of time, but instead fall continuously downwards and are removed ,
Das Gitter, Netz oder dergleichen kann aus einer Anzahl miteinander verbundener parallel zueinander angeordneter Stäbe gebildet werden, wobei diese mit dem plattenförmig ausgebildeten Abscheideblech elektrisch leitend verbunden sind. Es kann beispielsweise aber auch vorgesehen werden, dass das Gitter aus einer Anzahl miteinander verbundener parallel zueinander angeordneter Ringe gebildet wird, wobei diese, mit einem zylindrisch oder hohlzylindrisch ausgebildeten Abscheideblech elektrisch leitend verbunden, die Elektrode bilden.The grid, net or the like can be formed from a number of interconnected rods arranged parallel to one another, these being electrically conductively connected to the plate-shaped separating plate. However, it can also be provided, for example, that the grid is formed from a number of interconnected rings which are arranged parallel to one another and which, when electrically connected to a cylindrical or hollow-cylindrical separating plate, form the electrode.
Der elektrostatisch arbeitende Filter kann als „Platten-Elektrofilter" ausgebildet sein, bei dem eine Anzahl ebener kastenförmig ausgebildeter Elektroden parallel zueinander angeordnet sind. Es ist genauso möglich, dass er als Röhren-Elektrofilter ausgebildet ist, bei dem mindestens zwei zylindrisch oder hohlzylindrisch ausgebildete Elektroden koaxial zueinander angeordnet sind.The electrostatically operating filter can be designed as a “plate electrostatic filter”, in which a number of flat, box-shaped electrodes are arranged parallel to one another. It is also possible that it is designed as a tubular electrostatic filter, in which at least two electrodes are cylindrical or hollow-cylindrical are arranged coaxially to each other.
Zum verbesserten Austrag der gefilterten Partikel kann vorgesehen werden, dass mindestens eine Elektrode einen Abfuhrkanal für Partikel aufweist, der an den elektrisch weitgehend feldfreien Raum angrenzt. Das Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Partikeln aus einem Gas mittels eines elektrostatisch arbeitenden Filters, das mindestens eine an eine Hochspannungsquelle angeschlossene Elektrode und mindestens eine geerdete oder eine gegensätzliche gepolte Elektrode aufweist, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mit Partikeln beladene Gas zwischen den Elektroden hindurchgeführt wird, wobei die Partikel zu einer der Elektroden abgelenkt werden, und dass die Partikel in einen Raum der Elektrode gelangen, in dessen Erstreckung kein elektrischer Potentialunterschied herrscht.To improve the discharge of the filtered particles, it can be provided that at least one electrode has a discharge channel for particles, which adjoins the largely electrically field-free space. The method for separating particles from a gas by means of an electrostatically operating filter, which has at least one electrode connected to a high-voltage source and at least one grounded or an oppositely polarized electrode, is characterized in that the gas laden with particles is passed between the electrodes, wherein the particles are deflected to one of the electrodes, and that the particles enter a space of the electrode, in the extension of which there is no electrical potential difference.
Es gehört zu den Merkmalen dieser Filterbauweise, dass die Hochspannung führenden und die geerdeten Elektroden konstruktiv gleichartig aufgebaut sein können. Zwischen den Elektroden bildet sich daher ein quasi homogenes elektrisches Feld senkrecht zur Strömungsrichtung des Partikel beladenen Gases aus - ohne Feldstärkespitze, wie bei den bisher bekannten Systemen mit Sprühelektroden. Im Unterschied zu den bisher bekannten Elektrofilterbauarten kann die Abscheidung von Partikeln aus dem Gas an den Elektroden beider Polarität in gleicher Weise erfolgen.It is one of the characteristics of this filter construction that the high voltage and the grounded electrodes can be constructed in the same way. A quasi-homogeneous electric field is therefore formed between the electrodes perpendicular to the direction of flow of the particle-laden gas - without a field strength peak, as in the previously known systems with spray electrodes. In contrast to the previously known electrostatic precipitator types, particles can be separated from the gas at the electrodes of both polarities in the same way.
Das vorgeschlagene Verfahren nutzt die Wirkung eines elektrischen Feldes zwischen zwei Elektroden auf nicht durch eine technische Einrichtung ionisierte Staubpartikel oder auf gezielt ionisierte Staubpartikel in einem Gasstrom. Die Elektroden stehen dabei bevorzugt unter einer Spannung, die unterhalb der Korona-Einsatzspannung liegt. Dabei werden die Partikel im elektrischen Feld je nach Polarität zu einer der beiden Elektroden hin abgelenkt.The proposed method uses the effect of an electric field between two electrodes on dust particles not ionized by a technical device or on specifically ionized dust particles in a gas stream. The electrodes are preferably under a voltage that is below the corona threshold voltage. Depending on the polarity, the particles in the electric field are deflected towards one of the two electrodes.
Der Elektrofilter kann als horizontal durchströmter Filter aufgebaut sein, bei dem eine Kaskade von kastenförmigen Elektroden zum Einsatz kommt. Jede zweite kastenförmige Elektrode ist dabei entweder an die Hochspannungsquelle angeschlossen oder geerdet oder gegensätzlich gepolt. Genauso kann auch eine Bauart vorgesehen werden, die zu einem vertikal durchströmten Röhren- oder Waben- Elektrofilter führt. Gleichermaßen ist das vorgeschlagene Prinzip auf einen Nass- Elektrofilter anwendbar. Die Erfindung nutzt den Umstand, dass bei der vorgeschlagenen Ausgestaltung der Elektroden mit einem quasi elektrisch feldfreien Raum Staubpartikel aufgrund ihrer kinetischen Energie in den Raum eintreten können, in diesem aber dann keiner weiteren äußeren elektrostatischen Krafteinwirkung ausgesetzt sind und deshalb unter Nutzung der Schwerkraft abgeschieden und aus dem System kontinuierlich ausgetragen werden.The electrostatic filter can be constructed as a horizontally flowed filter, in which a cascade of box-shaped electrodes is used. Every second box-shaped electrode is either connected to the high-voltage source or grounded or with opposite polarity. In the same way, a design can also be provided which leads to a vertically flowed through tube or honeycomb electrostatic precipitator. The proposed principle is equally applicable to a wet electrostatic precipitator. The invention makes use of the fact that, in the proposed design of the electrodes with a quasi-electric field-free space, dust particles can enter the space due to their kinetic energy, but are then not exposed to any further external electrostatic force and are therefore separated and removed using gravity be carried out continuously in the system.
In vorteilhafter Weise hat der vorgeschlagene Elektrofilter eine hocheffiziente Abscheidungs-fähigkeit von Partikeln und Tröpfchen aus einem beliebigen Gasstrom, wobei nur ein geringer Energieaufwand nötig ist. Die Entstehung eines elektrischen Windes wird weitgehend vermieden.Advantageously, the proposed electrostatic filter has a highly efficient ability to separate particles and droplets from any gas stream, with only a small amount of energy being required. The occurrence of an electric wind is largely avoided.
Bei riesel- oder fließfähigen Partikeln erfolgt die Abreinigung der Elektroden, wie beschrieben, selbsttätig. Handelt es sich dagegen um Partikel mit klebenden oder haftenden Eigenschaften, kann die Abreinigung der ausgefilterten Partikel von den Wandungen des Elektrofilters und/oder den Elektroden in an sich bekannter Weise durch Klopfung der Elektroden erfolgen, wobei das Herunterfallen der Partikel überwiegend im weitgehend elektrisch feldfreien Raum erfolgt. Je nach Eigenschaften der Partikel ist auch deren Abspülen - also eine Nassfilterung - während des Betriebes möglich.In the case of free-flowing or flowable particles, the electrodes are cleaned automatically, as described. If, on the other hand, the particles have adhesive or adhesive properties, the filtered particles can be cleaned from the walls of the electrostatic filter and / or the electrodes in a manner known per se by tapping the electrodes, the particles falling down predominantly in a largely electrically field-free space he follows. Depending on the properties of the particles, rinsing - i.e. wet filtering - is also possible during operation.
Die Abscheidung von Partikeln an/in den Elektroden (zwischen Abscheideblechen und den Gittern/Stäben/oder ähnlichen, die zusammen die Elektroden bilden) ist auch wesentlich abhängig von der Feldstärke, die zwischen der Hochspannungselektrode und der geerdeten Elektrode herrscht. Die Feldlinie maximaler Feldstärke steht entsprechend der Polarität senkrecht zwischen den Elektroden; dies gilt grundsätzlich auch für bekannte Filter mit geerdeten Abscheideblechen und auf Hochspannungspotential liegenden Sprühelektroden. Um die Effektivität der Erfindung zu erhöhen, wird angestrebt, den Abstand zwischen den Elektroden unterschiedlicher Polarität zu erhöhen.The deposition of particles on / in the electrodes (between the separation plates and the grids / rods / or the like, which together form the electrodes) is also essentially dependent on the field strength that prevails between the high-voltage electrode and the grounded electrode. The field line of maximum field strength is perpendicular between the electrodes according to the polarity; this also applies in principle to known filters with grounded separating plates and spray electrodes at high voltage potential. In order to increase the effectiveness of the invention, the aim is to increase the distance between the electrodes of different polarity.
Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass von den sich gegenüberstehenden Elektroden verschiedener Polarität wechselseitig elektrisch leitende, mit den entsprechenden Elektroden leitend verbunden, Körper - z.B. Drähte - in den Raum zwischen den Elektroden ragen. Diese Körper können parallel oder senkrecht oder schräg zur Strömungsrichtung der zu reinigenden Gase angeordnet werden.This is achieved by mutually electrically conductive electrodes of the opposite polarity with the corresponding electrodes Electrodes connected in a conductive manner, bodies - eg wires - protrude into the space between the electrodes. These bodies can be arranged parallel or perpendicular or obliquely to the flow direction of the gases to be cleaned.
Daraus ergeben sich maximale Feldstärken erstens zwischen den Körpern und den gegenüberliegenden Elektroden und zweitens zwischen den Körpern unterschiedlicher Polarität. Die maximalen Feldstärken hängen von der konstruktiven Anordnung ab und können damit unterschiedliche Werte und Richtungen haben. Die Winkel zwischen den maximalen Feldstärken (Körper - Elektrode oder Körper - Körper) können all Werte zwischen 0° und 180° annehmen.This results in maximum field strengths first between the bodies and the opposite electrodes and second between the bodies of different polarity. The maximum field strengths depend on the structural arrangement and can therefore have different values and directions. The angles between the maximum field strengths (body - electrode or body - body) can assume all values between 0 ° and 180 °.
In den folgenden Zeichnungen sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the following drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines elektrostatisch arbeitenden Filters, der als horizontal durchströmter Filter ausgebildet ist;Figure 1 is a perspective view of an electrostatic filter, which is designed as a horizontal flow filter.
Fig. 2 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines vertikal durchströmten Röhrenfilters;Figure 2 is a perspective view of a vertical flow through a tube filter.
Fig. 3a,3b Querschnitte durch die Elektroden des Filters; und3a, 3b cross sections through the electrodes of the filter; and
Fig. 4 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Filtergasse eines horizontal durchströmten Filters, dessen Elektroden mit feldfreien Räumen und mit zusätzlichen Körpern (hier Drahtbügeln) versehen sindFig. 4 is a perspective view of a filter lane of a horizontally flowed filter, the electrodes of which are provided with field-free spaces and with additional bodies (here wire brackets)
In Fig. 1 ist ein Elektrofilter gezeigt, der zum Filtern von Partikeln und/oder Tröpfchen aus einem Gasstrom geeignet ist. Das mit Partikeln verunreinigte, in den Filter einströmende Gas ist durch einen Pfeil mit der Bezugsziffer 1 versehen. Der Gasstrom strömt durch den Filter, wobei die sich im Gas befindlichen Partikel herausgefiltert und abgeführt werden. Das ausströmende, gereinigte Gas ist durch den Pfeil mit der Bezugsziffer 2 verdeutlicht. Nach unten tritt der Strom der abgeschiedenen Partikel 3 aus dem Filter aus.1 shows an electrostatic filter which is suitable for filtering particles and / or droplets from a gas stream. The gas contaminated with particles and flowing into the filter is identified by an arrow with the reference number 1. The gas flow flows through the filter, the particles in the gas being filtered out and removed. The outflowing cleaned gas is indicated by the arrow with the reference number 2. The stream of separated particles 3 emerges from the filter downwards.
Zum Reinigen eines größeren Gasstromes kommt eine Kaskade von Elektroden zum Einsatz. Wie Fig. 1 entnommen werden kann, ist eine Anzahl kastenförmiger Elektroden 4 und 5 parallel zueinander angeordnet. Zwischen den Elektroden 4, 5 sind Gassen 8 vorhanden, durch die das zu reinigende Gas 1 geleitet wird. Die Elektroden 4, 5 sind abwechselnd entweder an eine Hochspannungsquelle angeschlossen (nämlich die Elektroden 4) oder geerdet (nämlich die Elektroden 5).A cascade of electrodes is used to clean a larger gas flow. 1, a number of box-shaped electrodes 4 and 5 are arranged parallel to one another. Between the electrodes 4, 5 there are alleys 8 through which the gas 1 to be cleaned is passed. The electrodes 4, 5 are alternately either connected to a high voltage source (namely the electrodes 4) or grounded (namely the electrodes 5).
Im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 sind sämtliche Elektroden 4, 5 mit einem hier nicht bezeichneten Raum versehen, in den die auszufilternden Partikel eintreten können, in dessen Erstreckung jedoch kein elektrischer Potentialunterschied herrscht; er wird hier deshalb auch als quasi elektrisch feldfreier Raum bezeichnet. Dieser Raum wird in den Elektroden 4, 5 dadurch geschaffen, dass das Abscheideblech 7 von einem Gitter 6 umgeben ist. Abscheideblech 7 und Gitter 6 sind elektrisch leitend verbunden. Das Gitter 6 besteht aus einer Anzahl parallel zueinander angeordneter Stäbe.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, all electrodes 4, 5 are provided with a space, not designated here, into which the particles to be filtered out can enter, but in the extension of which there is no electrical potential difference; it is therefore referred to here as a quasi electrical field-free space. This space is created in the electrodes 4, 5 in that the separating plate 7 is surrounded by a grid 6. Separation plate 7 and grid 6 are electrically conductively connected. The grid 6 consists of a number of rods arranged parallel to one another.
Das mit Partikeln beladene Gas strömt zunächst zwischen den Elektroden 4, 5 ein (vgl. Gasstrom 1) und gerät dort unter die Wirkung des quasi homogenen elektrischen Feldes. Die Partikel werden in Richtung der Elektroden abgelenkt und treten durch die Gitteröffnungen ein. Damit befinden sie sich im quasi elektrisch feldfreien Raum, wo sie keiner weiteren äußeren elektrostatischen Krafteinwirkung mehr ausgesetzt sind. Sie fallen infolge der Schwerkraft nach unten und können kontinuierlich - während des laufenden Filterbetriebes - aus dem Filter entfernt werden. Das gereinigte Gas verlässt in horizontaler Richtung den Filter über eine Austrittshaube (vgl. Gasstrom 2).The gas loaded with particles first flows between the electrodes 4, 5 (cf. gas stream 1) and there it comes under the effect of the quasi-homogeneous electric field. The particles are deflected towards the electrodes and enter through the grid openings. This means that they are located in a quasi-electric field-free room, where they are no longer exposed to any further external electrostatic force. They fall down due to gravity and can be continuously removed from the filter while the filter is in operation. The cleaned gas leaves the filter in a horizontal direction via an outlet hood (see gas flow 2).
Die Elektroden 4, 5 gemäß Fig. 1 zeigen beispielhaft die Schaffung des elektrisch feldfreien Raumes durch das aus miteinander verbundenen Stäben aufgebaute Gitter 6, das mit dem innenliegenden Abscheideblech 7 elektrisch leitend verbunden ist. Die Elektroden 4, 5 können modular aufgebaut sein und über- und hintereinander angeordnet werden, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt. In diesem Beispiel weisen die Elektroden zu beiden Seiten des Abscheidebleches einen feldfreien Raum auf. Randständige Elektroden oder bei einem Filter mit nur einer Gasse für den Gasdurchtritt können die Elektroden auch so aufgebaut sein, dass sie nur auf einer Seite des Abscheidebleches einen feldfreien Raum aufweisen. In jedem Fall richtet sich die Tiefe des feldfreien Raumes nach den Erfordernissen des kontinuierlichen Partikelabzuges.The electrodes 4, 5 according to FIG. 1 show, by way of example, the creation of the electrical field-free space by the grid 6, which is made up of interconnected rods and is electrically conductively connected to the internal separating plate 7. The electrodes 4, 5 can have a modular structure and can be arranged one above the other and one behind the other, as shown in FIG. 1. In this example, the electrodes have a field-free space on both sides of the separating plate. Marginal electrodes or, in the case of a filter with only one passage for the gas passage, the electrodes can also be constructed such that they have a field-free space only on one side of the separating plate. In any case, the depth of the field-free space depends on the requirements for continuous particle removal.
In Fig. 2 ist eine alternative Ausgestaltung dieses Elektrofiltertyps als Röhrenfilter skizziert. In dem Beispiel enthält nur die geerdete Elektrode 5 den quasi feldfreien Raum 9, der hier durch ein Ringgitter 6 und das zylindrische Abscheideblech 7 begrenzt wird. Das Gitter 6 wird hier durch eine Anzahl miteinander verbundener parallel zueinander angeordneter Metallringe gebildet, wobei diese mit dem Abscheideblech 7 elektrisch leitend verbunden sind und zusammen die Elektrode 5 bilden.2 shows an alternative embodiment of this type of electrostatic filter as a tube filter. In the example, only the grounded electrode 5 contains the quasi-field-free space 9, which is delimited here by a ring grating 6 and the cylindrical separating plate 7. The grid 6 is formed here by a number of interconnected metal rings arranged parallel to one another, these being electrically conductively connected to the separating plate 7 and together forming the electrode 5.
Angestrebt wird in allen Fällen, dass zur Vermeidung des erneuten Staubeintritts in den Gasstrom die elektrisch feldfreien Räume 9 als strömungsberuhigte Zonen ausgebildet werden. Dies kann durch entsprechende geometrische Anordnung der Gitterstäbe bzw. Gitterringe erreicht werden und/oder eine entsprechende Gestaltung des Gaseintritts und des Gasaustritts.In all cases, the aim is for the electrically field-free spaces 9 to be designed as flow-calmed zones in order to prevent dust from entering the gas flow again. This can be achieved by a corresponding geometric arrangement of the lattice bars or lattice rings and / or a corresponding design of the gas inlet and the gas outlet.
In den Fig. 3a und 3b sind einige Details zur Ausgestaltung der Elektroden 4, 5 mit dem Abscheideblech 7, dem Gitter 6 und den dadurch definierten quasi elektrisch feldfreien Räumen 9 ersichtlich.3a and 3b show some details of the design of the electrodes 4, 5 with the separating plate 7, the grating 6 and the quasi electrically field-free spaces 9 defined thereby.
Gemäß Fig. 3a sind die Abscheidebleche 7 plattenförmig ausgebildet und von stabförmigen Gitterelementen umschlossen, die das Gitter 6 bilden. Zwischen den Abscheideblechen 7 und dem Gitter 6 entsteht der weitgehend elektrisch feldfreie Raum 9 in den Elektroden 4, 5. Die ausgefilterten Partikel bewegen sich in Richtung des Pfeils 3 (Richtung der Schwerkraft) nach unten und können aus dem Elektrofilter entfernt werden. In Fig. 3b ist eine doppelwandige Ausführung der Elektroden 4, 5 zur Unterstützung des Austrage der Partikel aus dem Filter zu sehen. Die sich im weitgehend elektrisch feldfreien Raum 9 befindlichen Partikel sinken aufgrund der Schwerkraft nach unten und werden durch Leitbleche und Schlitze des doppelwandigen Abscheideblechs 7 in einen innen liegenden geschützten Zwischenraum, nämlich in einen Abfuhrkanal 10, geleitet. Dort können sie unbeeinflusst von der äußeren Gasströmung aus dem Elektrofilter herausgeführt werden.According to FIG. 3a, the separating plates 7 are plate-shaped and surrounded by rod-shaped grating elements which form the grating 6. The largely electrically field-free space 9 is formed in the electrodes 4, 5 between the separating plates 7 and the grid 6. The filtered particles move downward in the direction of the arrow 3 (direction of gravity) and can be removed from the electrostatic filter. 3b shows a double-walled design of the electrodes 4, 5 to support the discharge of the particles from the filter. The particles located in the largely electrically field-free space 9 sink due to the force of gravity and are guided through guide plates and slots of the double-walled separating plate 7 into an internally protected intermediate space, namely into a discharge channel 10. There they can be led out of the electrostatic filter unaffected by the external gas flow.
Der dargestellte Aufbau der Elektroden kann prinzipiell bei einem horizontal und vertikal durchströmten Elektrofilter vorgesehen werden, wobei gerade, gekrümmte, gekantete oder runde Elektroden eingesetzt werden können.The structure of the electrodes shown can in principle be provided in the case of an electrostatic filter with a horizontal and vertical flow, wherein straight, curved, edged or round electrodes can be used.
Die Ausbildung der Elektroden und die Höhe der Spannung sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass keine Überhöhung der elektrischen Feldstärke vorkommt, die zu einer Korona oder zu äußeren Teilentladungen führt.The design of the electrodes and the level of the voltage are matched to one another in such a way that there is no increase in the electric field strength, which leads to a corona or to external partial discharges.
In Fig. 4 ist als Ausschnitt eine Gasse eines horizontal durchströmten Elektrofilters dargestellt. Vor dem Abscheideblech 7 sind die Gitter 6, hier gebildet aus Drahtbügeln, eingesetzt. Zwischen den Gittern 6 sind die Körper 11 dargestellt. Sie sind hier aus Drahtbügeln aufgebaut, die mit den jeweiligen Elektroden (4,5) leitend verbunden sind. In der dargestellten Konstruktion sind die geraden Drähte senkrecht zum Gasstrom angeordnet. Die Körper können auch parallel zum Gasstrom oder in allen Winkeln zwischen senkrecht und parallel zum Gasstrom angeordnet sein. Diese möglichen Anordnungen von Körpern (z.B. Drahtringe oder -spiralen) sind auch auf rohrförmige Elektroden übertragbar. Bezugszeichenliste4 shows an alley of a horizontally flowed electrostatic filter as a detail. In front of the separating plate 7, the grids 6, here formed from wire clips, are inserted. The bodies 11 are shown between the grids 6. They are made up of wire brackets that are conductively connected to the respective electrodes (4, 5). In the construction shown, the straight wires are arranged perpendicular to the gas flow. The bodies can also be arranged parallel to the gas flow or at all angles between perpendicular and parallel to the gas flow. These possible arrangements of bodies (for example wire rings or spirals) can also be transferred to tubular electrodes. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
einströmendes, mit Partikeln verunreinigtes Gasinflowing gas contaminated with particles
ausströmendes, gereinigtes Gasescaping, cleaned gas
austretender Strom der abgeschiedenen Partikelescaping flow of the separated particles
mit einer Hochspannungsquelle in Verbindung stehende Elektrodeelectrode connected to a high voltage source
geerdete Elektrodegrounded electrode
Gittergrid
AbscheideblechAbscheideblech
Gasse zwischen den ElektrodenAlley between the electrodes
weitgehend elektrisch feldfreier Raumlargely electric field-free space
Abfuhrkanaldischarge channel
Körper an den Elektroden Body on the electrodes

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Elektrostatisch arbeitender Filter für das Abscheiden von Partikeln aus einem Gas, das mindestens eine an eine Hochspannungsquelle angeschlossene Elektrode (4) und mindestens eine geerdete oder gegensätzlich gepolte Elektrode (5) aufweist, zwischen denen das mit den Partikeln beladene Gas hindurchführbar ist,1. Electrostatic filter for separating particles from a gas, which has at least one electrode (4) connected to a high-voltage source and at least one grounded or oppositely polarized electrode (5), between which the gas loaded with the particles can be passed,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass der Elektrofilter keine Sprühelektrode enthält und dass die Hochspannung führende Elektroden (4) so aufgebaut sein können, dass sie einen quasi feldfreien Raum umfassen, in den die Partikel eintreten können.that the electrostatic filter does not contain a spray electrode and that the high-voltage electrodes (4) can be constructed in such a way that they encompass a quasi-field-free space into which the particles can enter.
2. Elektrostatisch arbeitender Filter nach Anspruch 1 ,2. Electrostatic filter according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass die geerdeten Elektroden konstruktiv gleichartig aufgebaut sein können wie die Hochspannung führenden Elektroden.that the grounded electrodes can be constructed in the same way as the high-voltage electrodes.
3. Elektrostatisch arbeitender Filter nach Anspruch 1 ,3. Electrostatic filter according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass die Partikel kontinuierlich aus den feldfreien Räumen der Elektroden abgeführt werden können.that the particles can be continuously removed from the field-free spaces of the electrodes.
4. Elektrostatisch arbeitender Filter nach Anspruch 1 bis 3,4. Electrostatic filter according to claim 1 to 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nur die mindestens eine an die Hochspannungsquelle angeschlossene Elektrode (4), vorzugsweise alle an die Hochspannungsquelie angeschlossenen Elektroden (4), einen quasi feldfreien Raum (9) enthält bzw. enthalten.characterized, that only the at least one electrode (4) connected to the high-voltage source, preferably all electrodes (4) connected to the high-voltage source, contains or contain a quasi-field-free space (9).
5. Elektrostatisch arbeitender Filter nach Anspruch 1 bis 3,5. Electrostatic filter according to claim 1 to 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass nur die mindestens eine geerdete oder gegensätzlich gepolte Elektrode (5), vorzugsweise alle Elektroden (5), einen solchen Raum (9) enthält bzw. enthalten.that only the at least one grounded or oppositely polarized electrode (5), preferably all electrodes (5), contains such a space (9).
6. Elektrostatisch arbeitender Filter nach Anspruch 1 bis 3,6. Electrostatic filter according to claim 1 to 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass sowohl die mindestens eine an die Hochspannungsquelle angeschlossene Elektrode (4) als auch die mindestens eine geerdete oder gegensätzlich gepolte Elektrode (5), vorzugsweise alle Elektroden (4, 5), einen solchen Raum (9) enthalten.that both the at least one electrode (4) connected to the high-voltage source and the at least one grounded or oppositely polarized electrode (5), preferably all electrodes (4, 5), contain such a space (9).
7. Elektrostatisch arbeitender Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,7. Electrostatic filter according to one of claims 1 to 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass der Raum (9) zumindest teilweise durch ein Gitter (6), ein Netz oder ähnliches Gebilde begrenzt wird, das für den Durchtritt der Partikel offen ist, dabei nur eine geringe Querschnittsverengung aufweist und das mit dem Abscheideblech (7) elektrisch leitend verbunden ist und mit diesem die Elektrode (4, 5) bildet.that the space (9) is at least partially delimited by a grid (6), a network or similar structure which is open for the passage of the particles, has only a small cross-sectional constriction and which is electrically conductively connected to the separating plate (7) and forms the electrode (4, 5) with it.
8. Elektrostatisch arbeitender Filter nach Anspruch 7,8. Electrostatic filter according to claim 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gitter (6) aus einer Anzahl miteinander verbundener, parallel zueinander angeordneter Stäbe besteht, wobei diese mit einem plattenförmig ausgebildeten Abscheideblech (7) elektrisch leitend verbunden sind und mit diesem die Elektrode (4, 5) bildet.characterized, that the grid (6) consists of a number of interconnected rods arranged parallel to one another, these being electrically conductively connected to a plate-shaped separating plate (7) and forming the electrode (4, 5) with it.
9. Elektrostatisch arbeitender Filter nach Anspruch 7,9. Electrostatic filter according to claim 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass das Gitter (6) aus einer Anzahl miteinander verbundener, parallel zueinander angeordneter Ringe besteht, wobei diese mit einem zylindrisch oder hohlzylindrisch ausgebildeten Abscheideblech (7) elektrisch leitend verbunden sind und mit diesem die Elektrode (4, 5) bilden.that the grid (6) consists of a number of interconnected rings arranged parallel to one another, these being electrically conductively connected to a cylindrical or hollow-cylindrical separating plate (7) and forming the electrode (4, 5) with the latter.
10. Elektrostatisch arbeitender Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,10. Electrostatic filter according to one of claims 1 to 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass es als Platten-Elektrofilter ausgebildet ist, bei dem eine Anzahl plattenförmig ausgebildete Elektroden (4, 5) parallel zueinander angeordnet sind.that it is designed as a plate electrostatic filter, in which a number of plate-shaped electrodes (4, 5) are arranged parallel to one another.
11. Elektrostatisch arbeitender Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 oder 9,11. Electrostatic filter according to one of claims 1 to 7 or 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass es als Röhren-Elektrofilter ausgebildet ist, bei dem mindestens zwei zylindrisch oder hohlzylindrisch ausgebildete Elektroden (4, 5) koaxial zueinander angeordnet sind.that it is designed as a tube electrostatic filter, in which at least two electrodes (4, 5) of cylindrical or hollow cylindrical design are arranged coaxially to one another.
12. Elektrostatisch arbeitender Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11,12. Electrostatic filter according to one of claims 1 to 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Elektrode (4, 5) einen Abfuhrkanal (10) für Partikel aufweist, der an den Raum (9) angrenzt.characterized, that at least one electrode (4, 5) has a discharge channel (10) for particles which adjoins the space (9).
13. Elektrostatisch arbeitender Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12,13. Electrostatic filter according to one of claims 1 to 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass Körper (13) mit wechselnder Polarität im Raum zwischen den Elektroden angeordnet werden, die entsprechend ihrer jeweiligen Polarität elektrisch leitend mit einer der beiden angrenzenden Elektroden (4, 5) der Strömungsgasse verbunden sind. Dabei können die Körper in allen Winkeln zwischen 0° und 90° zur Strömungsrichtung des Gases liegen.that bodies (13) with alternating polarity are arranged in the space between the electrodes, which are electrically conductively connected to one of the two adjacent electrodes (4, 5) of the flow path in accordance with their respective polarity. The body can lie at all angles between 0 ° and 90 ° to the flow direction of the gas.
14. Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Partikeln aus einem Gas mittels eines elektrostatisch arbeitenden Filters, das mindestens eine an eine Hochspannungsquelle angeschlossene Elektrode (4) und mindestens eine geerdete oder gegensätzlich gepolte Elektrode (5) aufweist,14. A method for separating particles from a gas by means of an electrostatically operating filter which has at least one electrode (4) connected to a high voltage source and at least one grounded or oppositely polarized electrode (5),
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass das mit Partikeln beladene Gas zwischen den Elektroden (4, 5) hindurchgeführt wird, wobei die Partikel zu einer der beiden Elektroden (4, 5) abgelenkt werden, und dass die Partikel in einen Raum (9) der Elektrode (4, 5) gelangen und dort abgeschieden werden, in dessen Erstreckung kein elektrischer Potentialunterschied herrscht.that the gas laden with particles is passed between the electrodes (4, 5), the particles being deflected to one of the two electrodes (4, 5), and that the particles are passed into a space (9) of the electrode (4, 5) arrive and be deposited there, in the extension of which there is no electrical potential difference.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14,15. The method according to claim 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass die mindestens eine an die Hochspannungsquelle angeschlossene Elektrode (4) mit einer Spannung versorgt wird, die unter der Korona-Einsatzspannung liegt. that the at least one electrode (4) connected to the high-voltage source is supplied with a voltage which is below the corona threshold voltage.
EP03750661A 2002-09-30 2003-09-30 Electrostatically operating filter and method for separating particles from a gas Expired - Lifetime EP1545785B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10245902 2002-09-30
DE10245902A DE10245902A1 (en) 2002-09-30 2002-09-30 Electrostatic filter and method for separating particles from a gas
PCT/EP2003/010830 WO2004030825A1 (en) 2002-09-30 2003-09-30 Electrostatically operating filter and method for separating particles from a gas

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EP1545785A1 true EP1545785A1 (en) 2005-06-29
EP1545785B1 EP1545785B1 (en) 2006-07-26

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AT (1) ATE333942T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003270294A1 (en)
DE (2) DE10245902A1 (en)
DK (1) DK1545785T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2268407T3 (en)
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DE102004033816B3 (en) * 2004-07-12 2006-02-09 Fisia Babcock Environment Gmbh Electro filter for cleaning dust particles and droplets from a gas stream has electrically inactive inner region for ionizing electrodes and precipitating electrodes
DE102007037984A1 (en) 2007-08-10 2009-02-12 Leibniz-Institut für Plasmaforschung und Technologie e.V. Process for textile cleaning and disinfection by means of plasma and plasma lock
DE102017003855A1 (en) 2017-04-20 2018-10-25 Frank Grundmann Device for increasing the stability at the lower earthing ring in electrostatic precipitators
DE102017007787A1 (en) 2017-08-17 2019-02-21 Frank Grundmann Device for facilitating the alignment of electrodes in wet electrostatic filters
EP3492175B1 (en) * 2017-12-04 2021-02-24 exodraft a/s Electrostatic precipitator system having a grid for collection of particles

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR963621A (en) * 1950-07-17
DE2802965C2 (en) * 1978-01-24 1983-12-01 Manfred R. 8023 Pullach Burger Filter device for cleaning gases
DE3723544A1 (en) * 1987-07-16 1989-01-26 Man Technologie Gmbh ELECTROSTATIC FILTER FOR CLEANING GASES
US6568245B2 (en) * 2001-03-15 2003-05-27 Tsi Incorporated Evaporative electrical detector

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2004030825A1 *

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ATE333942T1 (en) 2006-08-15
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DK1545785T3 (en) 2006-11-20
AU2003270294A1 (en) 2004-04-23
ZA200501859B (en) 2006-11-29
DE10245902A1 (en) 2004-04-08
WO2004030825A1 (en) 2004-04-15

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