EP1544887B1 - Dispositif limiteur de courant à auto-rétablissement et doté de métal liquide et procédé de montage correspondant - Google Patents

Dispositif limiteur de courant à auto-rétablissement et doté de métal liquide et procédé de montage correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1544887B1
EP1544887B1 EP04025252A EP04025252A EP1544887B1 EP 1544887 B1 EP1544887 B1 EP 1544887B1 EP 04025252 A EP04025252 A EP 04025252A EP 04025252 A EP04025252 A EP 04025252A EP 1544887 B1 EP1544887 B1 EP 1544887B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid metal
electrodes
housing
limiting device
current
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP04025252A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1544887A1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Erven
Detlef Koch
Albert Zacharias
Thomas Freyermuth
Knut Erdmann-Degenhardt
Rainer Schmidt
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Eaton Industries GmbH
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Moeller GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H87/00—Protective devices in which a current flowing through a liquid or solid is interrupted by the evaporation of the liquid or by the melting and evaporation of the solid when the current becomes excessive, the circuit continuity being reestablished on cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to at least one apparatus and a method of assembling at least one liquid metal current-limiting device comprising a cylindrical housing, solid-metal electrodes for connection to a circuit to be protected and a plurality of liquid-metal fillable compressor spaces located one behind the other through connection channels in the housing openwork partitions are formed.
  • the principle of self-recovering current limiting device is known for example from the publication SU 922 911 A.
  • the device includes electrodes which are separated in an insulating housing by means of first insulator. Within the insulating housing are formed by insulating intermediate walls and interposed second insulating body, which are designed as annular sealing discs with liquid metal partially filled, one behind the other compressor spaces, which are interconnected via filled with liquid metal connection channels of the intermediate walls.
  • first insulator Within the insulating housing are formed by insulating intermediate walls and interposed second insulating body, which are designed as annular sealing discs with liquid metal partially filled, one behind the other compressor spaces, which are interconnected via filled with liquid metal connection channels of the intermediate walls.
  • DE 40 12 385 A1 a device with only one compressor chamber is described and mentioned as a medium above the liquid level vacuum, inert gas or an insulating liquid.
  • the connecting channels of adjacent intermediate walls are arranged offset from each other according to SU 1 076 981 A.
  • SU 1 094 088 A specifies copper as the material for the electrodes. It is known from DE 26 52 506 A1 to use in contact devices gallium alloys, in particular GaInSn alloys.
  • a representation of a structural design with an associated manufacturing process can be found in DE 199 09 558 C1.
  • two identical half-shells are proposed in longitudinal pitch of the cylindrical device for the housing.
  • Another construction is proposed in DE 199 16 324 A1.
  • the housing is made up of two cup-shaped, divided transversely to the axis of symmetry housing parts.
  • DE-AS 17 88 143 A different construction is found in DE-AS 17 88 143, or in DE-OS 17 63 145.
  • This device - with a central channel for the current limiting material - has no actual outer housing.
  • the structure is formed by a complex stack of tsotierin and conductor plates, which is held together by axially (in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical structure) extending clamping bolt.
  • the tightness of the stack is achieved by making a material pairing of alumina discs with soapstone and chlorobutadiene gaskets.
  • the discs of soapstone and / or chlorobutadiene plastically deform, whereby the tightness of the arrangement is guaranteed.
  • Another construction is tubular with a one-piece housing (DE 24 20 996 A1), in which also a single inner space (instead of several cavities) is present.
  • the housing is closed by screwed on end caps.
  • the tubular housing has an insert formed as a ceramic lining with expansion chamber for receiving the pressure.
  • the core of the invention are current limiting devices in which a stack of provided with at least one connecting channel intermediate walls is formed together with mold caps in a separating body and this is sealed in a cylindrical housing after filling with liquid metal to hermetically to facilitate prefabrication and final assembly Closure either a curable winding body or a filled into a cavity curable composition is used.
  • intermediate walls may advantageously be used ceramic discs based on boron nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or aluminum oxide.
  • the material layer consists of a transition metal or one of its alloys (preferably molybdenum).
  • the material layer may expediently be in the form of a padded film, for example adhesively bonded or soldered, or inserted as a flush or as a galvanized, vapor-deposited or friction-applied metal layer.
  • the conductive material layer can be continued underneath a non-conductive ceramic disk, either completely or partially, but also be recessed.
  • the liquid metal (e.g., GaInSn alloy) current limiting device 100 shown in the figures comprises a cylindrical, tubular and flameproof enclosure 24, two electrodes 17 ', 17 “of solid metal (preferably copper) for connection to a circuit to be protected, several with liquid metal fillable, between the electrodes 17 ', 17 “successive compression spaces 40, which are formed by insulating, at least one connecting channel 38 containing intermediate walls.
  • the mold covers 20 ', 20 “have cover lugs 21.1', 21.1", 21.2 “for distance storage.”
  • the electrodes 17 ', 17 are frictionally held together with the intermediate walls 32 and the separating bodies 34', 34" Connecting the parts in the housing can be used different methods.
  • the housing 24 may be formed as a metallic cylinder or as a wound body of composite material. The associated embodiment is shown elsewhere.
  • a metallically formed housing can be provided at both ends with internal thread 24.1.
  • a first pressure-resistant cover 10 ' can be screwed on in the first step of the assembly, wherein the screw connection 24.1 is secured, for example, by adhesive. Since both lids (also referred to as end terminations) should preferably be identical, both lids have a central hole for the connection lead of the electrode and at least one further bore 12 ', 12 "for filling with filling compound 52.
  • the interconnecting walls 32 provided with connecting channels are preferably made of a material based on mica, boron nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or aluminum oxide.
  • the intermediate walls 32, together with the at least one separating body 34, 34 ", are introduced in the housing 24 in such a way that a gap 50 adjoining the inner wall of the housing 24 is formed.
  • the intermediate space 50 is filled with a permanent filling compound 52.
  • a low-viscosity mass may be used, which is permanently solidified after filling into the device 100.
  • the filling compound 52 is a curable casting or molding compound.
  • the separating body can be an integral structure (a cylindrical shaped body) in which the intermediate walls are located, or it can be a stack composed of a plurality of individual parts of annular shaped bodies 34, 34 '.
  • the ring moldings may be made of plastic by injection molding.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B show two types of annular shaped bodies 34, 34 '. In FIGS. 5A and 5B, possibly existing toothings are not drawn. These (35, 35 ') are shown in FIG.
  • the types of the ring moldings 34, 34 ' differ in the position of the parting surfaces 37.
  • the type 34 entt comprise a ring molding according to FIG. 3, where the intermediate wall is encapsulated annularly with the annular molding 34.
  • the type 34 ' is formed so that the intermediate walls 32 can be inserted laterally into the annular shaped bodies 34', shown as arrows in FIG. 5B.
  • the parting surfaces 37 shown in FIG. 3 are provided with a toothing 35, 35 ', so that the positive connection is designed particularly narrow.
  • the toothing 35, 35 ' is formed in the embodiment as a tongue and groove toothing. However, it may also be provided only a single groove in the parting surfaces, in which a sealing ring is inserted.
  • Spacer tabs 36 are formed on the outer edge of the annular shaped body 34, so that the mentioned, adjacent intermediate space 50 is formed between the surfaces of the annular shaped bodies 34, 34 'and the inner wall of the housing 24 which are directed against the inner wall of the housing.
  • the intermediate walls 32 are conveniently glued, soldered or inserted in a suitable manner on the inner surface of the ring moldings (type 34 '). It should be noted during assembly that the position of the connecting channels 38 to the liquid metal surface is unique. It should therefore be a location coding of the intermediate walls 32 with each other, so that the position of the intermediate walls in the Ringformkörpem is uniform. For this purpose, for example, at the edge of the intermediate walls 32, a nose or a groove may be attached, which engages in a groove or a nose in the ring shaped body 34, 34 'accordingly. This is not shown in the figures.
  • the spacing lugs 36 should be arranged at the edge of the ring moldings so that their arrangement has only a 180 ° rotational symmetry, as shown in FIG. Then, based on the positions of the spacer lugs, the unique positional assignment of the connecting channels 38 can be made and the installation position, or the position of the aforementioned stack 30 in the housing can also be determined clearly and without error.
  • Another possibility of positional coding of the ring moldings with one another may be to provide a coding cam 39 'on one side of the parting surfaces, which corresponds to a recess 39 "mounted on the other side of the parting surfaces shown in Fig. 5A.
  • the separating bodies 34 forming a stack 30 together with the intermediate walls 32 can be introduced individually or, before being inserted into the housing, they can be positively connected to one another to form a stack 30. After stacking, the compound of the ring moldings can be made with each other by gluing, by friction welding or by ultrasonic welding.
  • the mutual electrodes (including their shaped bodies 20 ', 20 ”) should preferably also be applied in a form-fitting manner during stacking.
  • the metal housing 24 is closed on its other open side 25 - as on the first side - with the second pressure-resistant cover 10 "The screw connection 24.1 can be secured with an adhesive instead of a screw connection
  • the holes 12 "of the second cover 10" are not closed because they are to be used as filling openings for filling with curable potting compound 52. After filling with the potting compound and allowing to harden the filling with liquid metal can be done.
  • the liquid metal can be filled through the central, closable bore (15 ', 15 ") of one of the electrodes After filling with sufficient liquid metal, the central bore (15', 15") is closed with a threaded pin 16 '. The position of the threaded pin is also secured with adhesive.
  • other filling methods can be used or other filling openings in position and size conceivable.
  • a proposal for filling may be to place liquid metal in solid form (in the frozen state) in the compressor compartments prior to assembly.
  • liquid metal is, for example, vacuum; but also a protective gas would be possible.
  • evacuation or inert gas filling would be the last step after filling with liquid metal.
  • An advantageous development of the invention consists in providing the areas of the electrodes 17 ', 17 "made of copper wetted by the liquid metal with a conductive material layer 19 which is inert to the liquid metal 19.
  • the material layer 19 may be made of high-alloyed stainless steel, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, Nickel, tantalum, titanium, rhenium, chromium or their alloys
  • the material layer may suitably be applied as a foamed, for example glued or soldered, or as a flush-fitted foil (about 0.2 to 0.3 mm thick) or as a galvanized, vapor-deposited, roll-plated foil
  • the conductive material layer may be either completely or partially extended below a nonconductive ceramic disk, but may also be recessed, thereby additionally effectively counteracting the diffusion and corrosion of the surfaces wetted by the liquid metal, resulting in a considerable enlargement of the surface nbeaptmaschine the electrodes and thus the stability and life of the device leads.
  • the device 100 is closed on both sides with a cover 10 ', 10 "
  • the covers 10', 10 have a central bore, through which in each case a connection conductor of the electrodes 17 ', 17 "engages is a permanently closable filling opening 15 ', 15 "formed for the liquid metal.
  • the filling opening should also pass through an opening in the material layer 19. For this case, when closing the filling opening 15 ', 15 “it should be ensured that the surface of the sealing plug 16', 16" directed against the liquid metal is made as much as possible of the same material as the said material layer.
  • the introduction of the lid in the device is connected to a long-term protection.
  • the method for long-term protection may be gluing, welding (laser welding, friction welding) or rolling the mold cover into the edge 24.1 of the housing.
  • the housing can also be designed as a composite or wound body.
  • the stack 30 is made of partitions and separators as a unitary structure, wherein a cylindrical shape is formed, which has a relatively smooth surface, such as shown with reference numeral 42 in Fig. 5A.
  • a cylindrical shape is formed, which has a relatively smooth surface, such as shown with reference numeral 42 in Fig. 5A.
  • an alternative assembly method may be provided in which a particular gap between stack 30 and housing is not present.
  • the cylindrical shape is applied directly to the surface 42 as a composite of winding elements (for example, glass fibers) and plastic or synthetic resin body.
  • the alternative assembly method is thus such that a stack 30 of intermediate walls 32 and the at least one separating body 34 is formed, that the stack 30 on both sides of the lid 10 ', 10 "including the inserted into the lid 10', 10" electrodes 17 ', 17 "may be added so that the arrangement formed by the aforementioned steps is mechanically stressed with one another in the axial direction of the device, so that the separating bodies 34 lie tightly and positively against one another such that the composite body is formed on the surface of the stack 30
  • at least one filling opening 15 ', 15 "present in one of the lids liquid metal is filled into the compressor chambers 40 and the filling opening 15', 15" is closed.
  • the erfindungshunte construction is designed independently of the operating characteristics of the device. Characteristics and dimensioning of the device concerning the operation, such as selection of the liquid metal alloy, use of inert gas or vacuum in the compressor compartments, number and position of the connecting channels in the intermediate walls, liquid metal filling level, position of the device in normal operation, power range for the current limiting case ( with the Abschaltstromrack as determining measure).

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  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Dispositif limiteur de courant contenant un métal liquide, comprenant:
    un boîtier cylindrique, résistant à la pression (24) ;
    deux électrodes (17'17") en métal dur, destinées à être raccordées à un circuit de courant devant être protégé ;
    plusieurs chambres de compression (40) pouvant être remplies de métal liquide, agencées les unes derrière les autres entre les électrodes (17', 17"), délimités latéralement par des parois intermédiaires (32) isolantes, contenant au moins un canal de raccordement (38);
    les deux chambres de compression externes étant respectivement délimitées latéralement par une paroi intermédiaire (32) et un couvercle moulé isolant (20', 20'');
    caractérisé par un seul corps de séparation de forme cylindrique (42), dans lequel sont formées les parois intermédiaires (32) ;
    des terminaisons (10', 10") servant de limitation latérale de la forme cylindrique (42), y compris les électrodes (17', 17") insérées dans les terminaisons, comportant des ouvertures de remplissage à fermeture (15', 15") pour le métal liquide ; et
    la forme cylindrique (42) étant entourée par un boîtier (24') composé de fibres et d'un matériau à durcissement.
  2. Dispositif limiteur de courant contenant un métal liquide, comprenant :
    un boîtier cylindrique résistant à la pression (24);
    deux électrodes (17', 17") en métal dur destinées à être raccordées à un circuit électrique devant être protégé ;
    plusieurs chambres de compression (40) pouvant être remplies de métal liquide, agencées les unes derrière les autres entre les électrodes (17', 17"), délimités latéralement par des parois intermédiaires (32) isolantes, contenant au moins un canal de raccordement (38);
    les deux chambres de compression externes étant respectivement délimitées latéralement par une paroi intermédiaire (32) et un couvercle moulé isolant (20', 20") ;
    et comportant plusieurs corps de séparation cylindriques immédiatement adjacents (34, 34'), dans lesquels est incorporée respectivement une paroi intermédiaire (32) ;
    caractérisé en ce que les corps de séparation (34, 34') forment ensemble avec les couvercles moulés (20', 20") une pile (30) insérée dans un boîtier métallique cylindrique (24), la pile formée (30) étant configurée par rapport au boîtier (24) de sorte qu'un espace (50) est établi entre la surface cylindrique de la pile (30) et la paroi interne du boîtier (24), l'espace intermédiaire (50) étant rempli après le montage de la pile (30) dans le boîtier par une masse de remplissage (52) solidifiée de manière permanente ; et
    en ce qu'il comporte des terminaisons (10', 10") servant de délimitation latérale de la pile (30), y compris les électrodes (17', 17") insérées dans les terminaisons, comportant des ouvertures de remplissage à fermeture (15', 15") pour le métal liquide.
  3. Dispositif limiteur de courant selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la masse de remplissage (52) est constituée par un matériau à viscosité réduite, solidifiée de manière permanente après le remplissage dans le dispositif (100).
  4. Dispositif limiteur de courant selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la masse de remplissage (52) est constituée par une masse coulée ou moulée durcissable.
  5. Dispositif limiteur de courant selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les plusieurs corps de séparation cylindriques sont des corps moulés annulaires (34, 34').
  6. Dispositif limiteur de courant selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que les corps moulés annulaires (34, 34') comportent des surfaces de séparation (37), entraînant un engagement positif étroit des corps moulés annulaires adjacents (34, 34').
  7. Dispositif limiteur de courant selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces de séparation (37) comportent une denture (35, 35').
  8. Dispositif limiteur de courant selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les corps moulés annulaires (34) comportent des nez d'espacement (36), de sorte à former l'espace intermédiaire adjacent (50) entre les surfaces des corps moulés annulaires (34, 34') dressées contre la paroi interne du boîtier et la paroi interne du boîtier (24).
  9. Dispositif limiteur de courant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les parois intermédiaires (32) sont agencées dans la forme cylindrique ou dans la pile des corps de séparation (34, 34') de sorte à établir une orientation à affectation fixe entre les canaux de raccordement (38) dans les parois intermédiaires (32).
  10. Dispositif limiteur de courant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (17', 17") sont entourées par un couvercle moulé (20', 20") en matériau isolant.
  11. Dispositif limiteur de courant selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la fermeture du dispositif (100) est assurée des deux côtés par les terminaisons (10', 10").
  12. Dispositif limiteur de courant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que sur la surface des électrodes (17', 17") pouvant être mouillée par le métal liquide, une couche de matériau conducteur (19') résistant au métal liquide est appliquée respectivement.
  13. Dispositif limiteur de courant selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les terminaisons (10', 10") comportent un alésage, que traverse respectivement un conducteur de raccordement des électrodes (17', 17"), au moins un conducteur de raccordement comportant une ouverture de remplissage à fermeture (15', 15") pour le métal liquide.
  14. Procédé de montage d'un dispositif limiteur de courant contenant un métal liquide selon la revendication 2, comprenant :
    un boîtier métallique cylindrique résistant à la pression (24) ;
    deux électrodes (17'17") en métal dur, destinées à être raccordées à un circuit de courant devant être protégé ;
    plusieurs chambres de compression (40) pouvant être remplies de métal liquide, agencées les unes derrière les autres entre les électrodes (17', 17"), délimitées latéralement par des parois intermédiaires (32) isolantes, contenant au moins un canal de raccordement (38) ;
    les deux chambres de compression externes étant respectivement délimitées latéralement par une paroi intermédiaire (32) et un couvercle moulé isolant (20',20");
    comportant plusieurs corps de séparation cylindriques (34, 34'), dans lesquels est incorporée respectivement une paroi intermédiaire (32) ; et
    les corps de séparation (34, 34') formant ensemble avec les couvercles moulés (20', 20") une pile cylindrique (30), de sorte qu'un espace intermédiaire (50) est établi entre la surface de la pile (30) et la paroi interne du boîtier (24) ; et
    la pile (30) étant délimitée latéralement par deux terminaisons (10', 10") ;
    une première ouverture (25) du boîtier métallique (24) étant fermée par un premier couvercle (10') formant la première terminaison, y compris la première électrode (17') insérée dans le premier couvercle ;
    la pile (30) étant insérée dans le boîtier métallique (24) ;
    la deuxième ouverture (25") du boîtier métallique (24) étant fermée par un deuxième couvercle (10"), formant la deuxième terminaison, y compris la deuxième électrode (17") insérée dans le deuxième couvercle (10") ;
    l'espace intermédiaire (50) étant rempli d'une masse de remplissage (52) à travers au moins une ouverture de remplissage (12', 12''); et
    la masse de remplissage (52) étant amenée à se solidifier ; et
    les chambres de compression étant remplies de métal liquide par l'intermédiaire d'au moins une des terminaisons, y compris les électrodes insérées (17', 17") à travers une ouverture de remplissage (15', 15") et l'ouverture de remplissage (15', 15") étant fermée.
  15. Procédé de montage d'un dispositif limiteur de courant selon la revendication 1, comprenant :
    deux électrodes (17', 17") en métal dur destinées à être raccordées à un circuit de courant devant être protégé ;
    plusieurs chambres de compression (40) pouvant être remplies de métal liquide, agencées les unes derrière les autres entre les électrodes (17', 17"), formées par des parois intermédiaires isolantes (32) contenant au moins un canal de raccordement (38) ;
    les deux chambres de compression externes étant respectivement délimitées latéralement par une paroi intermédiaire (32) et un couvercle moulé isolant (20', 20") ;
    et comportant plusieurs corps de séparation cylindriques (34, 34'), dans lesquels est incorporée respectivement une paroi intermédiaire (32) ;
    une pile (30) étant formée par les plusieurs corps de séparation cylindriques (34, 34') comportant les parois intermédiaires (32) qui y sont incorporées, et les couvercles moulés (20', 20") ;
    des terminaisons comportant des ouvertures de remplissage (15', 15") pour le métal liquide, y compris les électrodes (17', 17") insérées dans les couvercles (10', 10") étant ajoutées des deux côtés à la pile (30) ;
    le dispositif formé par les étapes ci-dessus étant mis sous tension de manière mécanique dans la direction de l'axe du cylindre, de sorte que les corps de séparation (34) sont superposés de manière étroite par engagement positif ;
    la pile (30) étant entourée par un corps composite composé de matériau fibreux et d'une masse durcissable ;
    la masse durcissable étant solidifiée, formant ainsi un boîtier résistant à la pression ;
    les chambres de compression (40) étant remplies de métal liquide à travers au moins une des ouvertures de remplissage (15', 15") ; et
    l'ouverture de remplissage (15', 15") étant fermée.
  16. Procédé de montage selon les revendications 14 ou 15, caractérisé en ce que l'application des couvercles (10', 10") dans le dispositif limiteur de courant (100) est associée à une fixation de longue durée.
EP04025252A 2003-12-20 2004-10-23 Dispositif limiteur de courant à auto-rétablissement et doté de métal liquide et procédé de montage correspondant Expired - Lifetime EP1544887B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10360103A DE10360103B4 (de) 2003-12-20 2003-12-20 Anordnung und Montageverfahren einer Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung
DE10360103 2003-12-20

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EP1544887B1 true EP1544887B1 (fr) 2006-11-29

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CN112185783B (zh) * 2020-12-02 2021-04-09 乐清海创智能科技有限公司 一种自动恢复型电力熔断器

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US3806855A (en) * 1973-04-30 1974-04-23 Gen Electric Vapor state current limiting device
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DE10360103B4 (de) 2006-03-02
ATE347172T1 (de) 2006-12-15
EP1544887A1 (fr) 2005-06-22
DE10360103A1 (de) 2005-07-21
DE502004002164D1 (de) 2007-01-11

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