EP1537444A2 - Systeme de projection autostereoscopique - Google Patents

Systeme de projection autostereoscopique

Info

Publication number
EP1537444A2
EP1537444A2 EP03763851A EP03763851A EP1537444A2 EP 1537444 A2 EP1537444 A2 EP 1537444A2 EP 03763851 A EP03763851 A EP 03763851A EP 03763851 A EP03763851 A EP 03763851A EP 1537444 A2 EP1537444 A2 EP 1537444A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
light
views
projection
image
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03763851A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ingo Relke
Stephan Otte
Markus Klippstein
Thomas BRÜGGERT
Bernd Riemann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
X3D Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
X3D Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE20211612U external-priority patent/DE20211612U1/de
Priority claimed from DE20218862U external-priority patent/DE20218862U1/de
Priority claimed from DE10259968A external-priority patent/DE10259968A1/de
Application filed by X3D Technologies GmbH filed Critical X3D Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP1537444A2 publication Critical patent/EP1537444A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
    • G03B35/24—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing using apertured or refractive resolving means on screens or between screen and eye
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/54—Accessories
    • G03B21/56—Projection screens
    • G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface
    • G03B21/62—Translucent screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
    • H04N13/312—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers the parallax barriers being placed behind the display panel, e.g. between backlight and spatial light modulator [SLM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/324—Colour aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/349—Multi-view displays for displaying three or more geometrical viewpoints without viewer tracking
    • H04N13/351—Multi-view displays for displaying three or more geometrical viewpoints without viewer tracking for displaying simultaneously
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/349—Multi-view displays for displaying three or more geometrical viewpoints without viewer tracking
    • H04N13/354—Multi-view displays for displaying three or more geometrical viewpoints without viewer tracking for displaying sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/356—Image reproducers having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
    • H04N13/359—Switching between monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/363—Image reproducers using image projection screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/365—Image reproducers using digital micromirror devices [DMD]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an autostereoscopic projection arrangement with at least one projector, a projection screen which has a multiplicity of image display elements arranged in columns and rows, and at least one filter array which has a multiplicity of filter elements arranged in columns and rows, whereby by means of the projector or the projectors project partial information of views of a scene or an object through one or more filter arrays onto the projection screen and so this partial information is made visible on the image display elements.
  • a line grid ie a barrier screen
  • This barrier screen is again fully disclosed as vertical opaque and transparent stripes.
  • a similar arrangement is shown in US 5,225,861 by the same inventor. This is a rear projection system, which projects a left and a right image through a grid with opaque and transparent elements, whereby the viewer's eyes are essentially disjoint views due to another grid with opaque and transparent elements.
  • the font also describes vertical opaque and transparent stripes as raster elements.
  • the published patent application JP 91 79090 describes a rear projection system with a lenticular, in which at least two views of a scene are displayed in a time-divisional manner.
  • the assignment of the views projected on the rear to the stripe sections on the projection screen, which correspond to the imaging directions of the lenticulars, takes place via controllable liquid crystal sections. These sections are either transparent or scattering, so that depending on their state, a view through the lenticular is always shown in one or more defined directions.
  • the disadvantage of this arrangement is the high material cost. Above all, a high degree of control electronics is required. Furthermore, despite the time-multiplexed views displayed in full resolution, the viewer only sees one image in reduced horizontal resolution per eye. The arrangement also requires fast projection imagers for flicker-free display. The image refresh rate of these image generators must be higher, the more views are to be displayed, which makes the arrangements more expensive.
  • US 4,1 01, 210 and US 4,1 32,468 describe a stereo projection for several views of a scenery, whereby due to the imaging measures on a nem screen (eg an emulsion) continuous and non-overlapping, linearly structured raster images of several views are formed. These raster images have virtually no gaps, ie the parts of the view are displayed close together.
  • the said imaging measures include in particular the use of lenticular screens in combination with lenticulars.
  • DE 1 96 08 305 AI discloses a rear projection system, wherein two views are projected onto a screen through vertical barrier strips. The resulting raster image from the two views is then made visible by the viewer through a barrier screen in such a way that the viewer's eyes see different views, creating a spatial impression.
  • the arrangement is characterized by a displacement mechanism that displaces the observer-side barrier screen depending on the eye position.
  • the disadvantage here is that only two views of a scenery are used.
  • the control circuit for determining the eye position and correspondingly displacing the observer-side barrier screen has a certain inertia, as a result of which the observer sometimes perceives a pseudoscopic image.
  • the arrangement is suitable in regular forms for only one viewer.
  • a projection device with lenticular is shown in DE 37 00 525 AI. With this arrangement, the projection surface is curved.
  • One disadvantage is the high space requirement for large-format screens.
  • WO 98/43441 AI describes a dynamic multi-view projection system with shutters.
  • the main disadvantage here is the high cost of producing the arrangement.
  • No. 2,31,947 discloses a multi-view projection with two barrier screens which comprise vertical barrier strips.
  • the document US 2,307,276 describes a multi-view projection with barrier screens using vertical barrier strips, a characteristic strip width remaining dark between the resulting view strips on the screen. This largely avoids pseudoscopic and double image positions.
  • No. 4,872,750 describes a rear projection system with a barrier screen on the rear, color images being achieved by overlapping separate RGB projections. Lenticulars are preferred for spatial reconstruction. The disadvantage here is the high expenditure on equipment.
  • the patent DE 1 95 06 648 criticizes the state of the art of 3D display of the sudden change in perspective during a viewer movement, which occurs because of the discrete number of views displayed.
  • An auto-stereoscopic arrangement to avoid these disadvantages is described, in which several views are displayed in observable zones, so that overlap areas are generated between the observation zones and so that the illumination intensity of the individual observation zones at the edges is reduced.
  • optical imaging devices i.a. Aperture diaphragms are described which each produce overlapping observation zones of two views in a transition area.
  • the principle on which this application is based requires a high level of technical complexity if 3D images with larger dimensions are required.
  • the filter array which is located in front of or behind an image generator, consists of a multiplicity of wavelength filters arranged in rows and columns, which are each transparent to light of certain transparency wavelengths / ranges and thus specify discrete wavelength-dependent light propagation directions for the light emitted by the image generator.
  • An image composed of several views of a scene or an object is displayed on the image generator with image elements divided into rows and columns, so that due to the filter array, an observer with both eyes sees predominantly different selections of views. It turns out to be a disadvantage here that large-screen projections cannot be easily realized. Description of the invention
  • the invention is based on the object of developing arrangements of the type mentioned in such a way that improved perceptibility is achieved even with larger image dimensions.
  • the goal should preferably be achieved with simple or easily manufactured assemblies.
  • a spatial impression should be made possible for several viewers.
  • an autostereoscopic projection arrangement comprising:
  • At least one projector and at least one filter array which has a plurality of filter elements arranged in columns and rows, wherein
  • the image reproduction elements with assigned filter elements correspond with respect to the direction of propagation of the partial information in such a way that a
  • the observer visually perceives mostly partial information from a first selection and with the other eye mostly partial information from a second selection from the views, which creates a spatial impression for the viewer.
  • the autostereoscopic projection arrangement comprises at least two projectors, a projection screen and at least two filter arrays (F, F, .. F, ..), with at least one filter array (F,) between the projection screen and the at least two projectors , ie in the viewing direction behind the projection screen, and at least one filter array (F) is arranged in the viewing direction in front of the projection screen, and all filter arrays (F ⁇ F 2 , ..
  • each image display element ( ⁇ ) displays partial information (s) at least one of the views A k for which From the projection screen towards the viewer, light is emitted through the at least one filter array (F), which is arranged in the viewing direction in front of the projection screen, whereby an image display element ( ⁇ ) with several assigned wavelength filters of the filter array (F) or a wavelength filter of the Filter arrays (F 2 ) with a plurality of assigned image reproduction elements ( ⁇ ) in this way corresponds that the connecting straight line between the center of gravity of the cross-sectional area of a visible section of the image display element ( ⁇ ) and the center of gravity of the cross-sectional area of a visible section of the wavelength filter corresponds to a direction of propagation, so that from each viewing position a viewer with one eye predominantly sub-information of a first selection and the other eye visually perceives mainly partial information from a second selection from the views (A R ), which creates a
  • a total of 2, 4, 8, 1 6, 32 or 40 projectors are advantageously used. Very good spatial impressions with good brightness for several viewers and at the same time pleasant freedom of movement are achieved from about 8 views shown, preferably using at least 8 projectors for projecting views.
  • the wavelength filter elements contained in the wavelength filter arrays can, for example, be transparent for red, green, blue, yellow, cyan or magenta and / or transparent or opaque for the entire visible wavelength range.
  • the filter elements of the filter arrays have any, preferably polygonal, particularly preferably rectangular outline shapes.
  • a filter element has an area of approximately a few 10,000 ⁇ m 2 to a few Square millimeters. Deviations from this are possible depending on the case.
  • the filter element shape and / or filter element size can also vary within a filter array or even within a row or column of one and the same filter array.
  • the picture element shape on the projection screen depends essentially on the projector-side filter arrays, so that the above-mentioned variations of the filter element shape or size have an essential influence on the picture elements.
  • the image created on the projection screen and combined from different partial information of the views (A k ) has a raster of image display elements ( ⁇ ) in columns (i) and rows 0) on.
  • This grid structure is not necessarily visible.
  • the image display elements ( ⁇ ) can emit light of very different wavelength ranges, depending on what light arrives from the projectors at the corresponding points on the projection screen.
  • even small partial areas of the projection screen can remain between the image display elements without any partial information of any view (A k ), for example because no light from any projector reaches this partial area. Such areas are then not necessarily to be regarded as image reproduction elements ( ⁇ ) in the grid (i, j). Such arrangements also lead to the result, but are not necessarily preferred.
  • an image display element ( ⁇ ( ) to reproduce full-color partial image information, which results in particular from an optical mixture of partial information of different wavelengths / wavelength ranges.
  • an image element can also simultaneously display partial information from different image element positions within reproduce a view or even from different views, for example when the light rays arriving on the projection screen overlap two or more projectors.
  • each of the filter arrays (F t , F 2 , .. F A , ..) wavelength filter elements (ß A ) in a separate, array-assigned grid of rows (q A ) and columns (p A ) contains, which are arranged depending on their transparency wavelength or their transparency wavelength range ( ⁇ ) according to the following function on the filter array
  • the matrix (d) can have real numbers as entries, in the above equation (p A ) the index (p) and (q A ) the index (q) for the matrix (d 4n ) and for the fil ter elements (ß) corresponds.
  • such properties of the filter arrays have a special effect: when the viewer moves, provided the arrangement is suitable, the structure of a 2D view that is predominantly seen with one eye can change.
  • the filter arrangement can be selected so that the visible resolution per view is different from that of a single projector.
  • At least some of the filter elements of at least one of the filter arrays are designed as neutral filters for wavelength-independent attenuation of the light intensity.
  • such filter elements can transmit visible light at 0% (opaque), 25%, 50%, 75% or 1 00% (fully transparent) regardless of the light wavelength.
  • fenfilter elements may be cheaper to produce than colored wavelength filter array elements.
  • special effects can be achieved, such as the change in the perceived light intensity of one or more views when the viewer moves.
  • the filter arrays (F, F, .. F, ..) are each arranged at a distance (z) in front of or behind the projection screen in the viewing direction. It takes (Z A ) values in the order of magnitude - 60 mm ⁇ z A ⁇ + 60 mm, with a negative value for (z A ) the arrangement in the viewing direction in front of the projection screen and a positive value for (Z A ) the arrangement means in the viewing direction behind the projection screen at a distance from the absolute amount of (Z A ). In exceptional cases, the absolute amount of (z) can also have values larger than 60 mm, for example if the
  • Diagonal of the projection screen is extremely large.
  • a part of the filter elements of at least one of the filter arrays is designed such that said filter elements only transmit light of selected directions of incidence. This can be ensured, for example, by using certain crystals or a polymer coating.
  • At least one filter element of at least one of the filter arrays (F, F, .. F, ..) as a lens, preferably as a cylindrical lens, or as a prism, the cylindrical lenses or prisms also only in columns or rows can be arranged. In this way, a comparatively high light transmission is achieved.
  • Such configurations are of particular interest in relation to systems with significantly more than 8 views shown.
  • each projector projects partial information of only a single view (A k ), for example the corresponding 2D perspective view of the scenery to be displayed
  • a k a single view
  • a R the at least two Views
  • the projected partial information of the views can be used using a suitable image predistortion function, e.g. a keystone correction.
  • a suitable image predistortion function e.g. a keystone correction.
  • modern projectors already offer stepless “Scheimpflug” and / or “Seagull” corrections which serve to geometrically correct the projected image. If slides are used as projection data, they can also be created with a corresponding advance correction.
  • the arrangement according to the invention is particularly efficient with regard to the use of light and surface when the orientation and structure of the filter array (s) between the projectors and the projection screen is selected such that each surface element on the projection screen with light from at least one of the projectors can be applied. There are therefore no "permanently black spots" on the screen, so that each surface element of the projection screen emits partial information from at least one view (A,).
  • this advantageous embodiment is not a mandatory condition for maintaining the screen Operation of the arrangements according to the invention.
  • the projection screen is preferably designed to be translucent. It can also concentrate light, i.e. have a positive "gain". Translucent and light-concentrating projection screens are known in the prior art and therefore require no further explanation for the person skilled in the art. An excellent sharpness of the picture elements on the projection screen is achieved if the projection screen as a very thin pane, preferably with a thickness is less than one millimeter.
  • the projection screen will be a flat plate. Under special conditions, it can still be advantageous Form curved projection screen. In this case, it is advisable to bend the filter arrays accordingly.
  • a separate projection position and projection direction with respect to the projection screen is specified for each projector, the respective projection direction and the respective projection distance preferably being different from projector to projector.
  • the light from the different projectors strikes the projection screen essentially at approximately the same angle of incidence.
  • the angle of incidence here means the angle at which the direction of light propagation of a projected image strikes the projection screen.
  • this height should preferably be approximately the height of the center of the area of the projection screen.
  • An appropriately dimensioned mechanical tripod is suitable, for example, to ensure such positioning.
  • the brightness of one or more projectors can sometimes be variably adjustable within defined limits. This is a property that is offered by some modern projectors and can be used here for evenly loading the projection screen. For example, if a displayed view of a scene is somewhat brighter than the other views for technical reasons, the brightness control of the corresponding projector offers a sufficient remedy.
  • Liquid crystal projectors DLP / DMD projectors, CRT projectors or slide projectors are possible as projectors.
  • laser projection with, for example, three lasers is conceivable as separate RGB imagers. Of course, more than three lasers can also be used.
  • This list of the types of projectors to be used can be supplemented and does not mean that an arrangement according to the invention cannot also be designed with different types of projectors. Otherwise, different types of projectors can also be used simultaneously within arrangements according to the invention. The difference can relate both to the light modulation principle and to individual parameters, such as luminous flux or image resolution.
  • the projectors are usually supplied with image data by control electronics, which can also comprise several separate devices.
  • an image data source which consists of one video recorder per projector.
  • Each video recorder feeds the assigned projector with the image sequence of a view (A k ).
  • the video recorders are coupled to one another via a trigger, so that all n views (A k ) are shown synchronized in time.
  • each projector with a separate computer, with all computers being synchronized with one another, for example via a network connection.
  • the configuration using computers enables, in particular, the application that at least one projector projects partial information from at least two different views (A k ).
  • a k For a possible combination of the partial information from at least two different views (A k ), reference is again made to the document DE 1 00 03 326 C2.
  • Commercially available split computers can also be used to control several projectors simultaneously.
  • an anti-reflection coating can be applied to the filter array that is closest to the viewer. To a certain extent, extraneous light reflections are avoided, which further improves the perceptibility of the spatial image.
  • Each of the filter arrays (F, F, .. F, ..) is designed, for example, as an exposed film, as a printed image or as an optical grating. Other manufacturing variants are conceivable. At least one of the filter arrays (F ⁇ F 2 , .. F, ..) is preferably laminated onto a substrate, for example onto a glass substrate. A good mechanical hold can be achieved in this way. In another embodiment it is provided that at least one of the filter arrays (F ⁇ F 2 , .. F, ..) is arranged within a sandwich structure consisting of several substrates, the substrates optionally each having certain optical properties, such as predetermined ones Refractive indices. The sandwich structure also ensures good mechanical stability combined with a long service life for the filter arrays.
  • a very special embodiment of the invention results from the fact that a reflecting surface is located on parts of at least one filter array, and this reflecting surface is in each case on the side of the / which is facing the projectors
  • Filter arrays and preferably only on the non-transparent filter elements is arranged so that part of the projected light is reflected back into the projectors. If the corresponding projector is able to reuse such light (“transflective projection”), a better degree of light utilization can be achieved.
  • the filter elements of at least one of the filter arrays are designed as polarization filters and that at least one of the projectors emits polarized light.
  • the polarization filters can, for example, be transparent to horizontally or vertically linearly polarized light and, at the same time, optionally only be transparent to light of certain wavelengths / ranges.
  • a combination of wavelength-independent neutral filters and polarizing filter properties is also conceivable in this context.
  • the polarization-dependent transmitting filters only allow the light of those projectors to pass whose light has corresponding polarization properties.
  • the at least one polarized light emitting projector emits the light in temporally alternating polarization, preferably polarized alternately horizontally linearly and vertically linearly. A temporal change in the structure of the combination image created on the projection screen is thus achieved.
  • At least some of the filter elements of at least one of the filter arrays can also be designed as photochromic or electrochromic optical components.
  • a switchover between 2D and 3D projection can thus be achieved, namely if the photochromic or electrochromic components in a first state permit the predetermined wavelength / range transmission in order to produce a spatial impression (“3D mode”) while they In a second state, they are largely transparent to virtually the entire visible wavelength spectrum. In the latter state, an almost unaffected projection through said filter elements onto the projection screen is thus guaranteed. If all filter elements of all existing filter arrays are brought into this state, then it is for the one or the other The viewer projects a quasi full-resolution 2D perception.
  • optical components ie photochromic or electrochromic.
  • Crucial and essential in terms of the design of the invention for switching between a 2D and a 3D mode is that the optical components in a first state have a defined transparency in certain wavelengths / ranges or, if necessary, in certain transmission levels for the wavelength-independent attenuation of the light intensity , while in a second state they have the highest possible transparency for essentially the full visible wavelength spectrum.
  • the filter arrays are simply designed to be removable from the arrangement according to the invention in order to achieve a 2D projection.
  • a further embodiment of the arrangements according to the invention provides that at least one of the projectors is blinded with a color filter, as a result of which the light emitted by said projector can only penetrate wavelength filters of the corresponding transparency wavelength or the corresponding transparency wavelength range. This makes it possible to achieve special combination structures of the partial information on the projection screen. A change in color of the perceived views can then also be achieved for special applications, even when the viewer is moving.
  • the veneering of one or more projectors with a color filter can also be implemented fundamentally differently, for example in the case of DMD projectors which project the red, green and blue partial images of a full-color image alternately in time. Then no delusion is necessary; rather, the projector emits alternately inherent light from different wavelength ranges.
  • the projectors can be arranged in at least two essentially horizontal rows. On the one hand it can be achieved that the resulting combination picture structure is influenced on the projection screen. On the other hand, if two projectors essentially lying one above the other with their projectors emit one and the same image, an increase in brightness of certain views or parts of views on the combination image that results on the projection screen can be achieved.
  • a spatial offset between the two rows is also conceivable, for example in order to arrange the projection lenses horizontally at about the eye relief, although the projector housings are significantly wider than an eye relief.
  • the arrangement optionally has additional means for automatically aligning the projectors, for example via electromechanical actuators.
  • the projectors are then brought into a predetermined position after or during the switch-on process.
  • the light path of the light emitted by at least one projector can also be folded by using at least one mirror. Folding is a customary measure, particularly to save space in optical assemblies. Here, however, the folding can have a further advantageous effect: the folded beam path causes a non-perpendicular incidence of light on the projection screen with respect to the main direction of light propagation. If the projection screen is designed as a holographic disk, which transmits light that is not incident perpendicularly in a concentrated manner (such as the product "HOPS" from Sax3D GmbH / Chemnitz), a brilliant and high-contrast 3D projection image is shown even in daylight.
  • HOPS the product "HOPS” from Sax3D GmbH / Chemnitz
  • filter arrays F ⁇ F, .. F, ..
  • Three filter arrays are then advantageously used, two preferably being located between the projection screen and the projectors and one between the projection screen and the viewers.
  • the light emitted by the projectors passes through two filter arrays and is therefore structured particularly strongly before it strikes the projection screen.
  • more than three filter arrays can also be used.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by the following embodiment variant of an autostereoscopic projection arrangement, in this case by an SD front projection arrangement.
  • Characteristics of the filter array and the projectors each emit light of specific wavelengths ( ⁇ ) or wavelength ranges, and each image display element ( ⁇ ) reproduces partial information (s) from at least one of the views (A k ), - for the light emitted by the projection screen on the projection side towards the viewer the filter array directions of propagation are predefined, wherein in each case an image reproduction element ( ⁇ ) with a plurality of assigned wavelength filters of the filter array or a wavelength filter of the filter array with a number of associated image reproduction elements ( ⁇ ) correspond in such a way that the connecting straight line between the center of gravity of the
  • Cross-sectional area of a visible section of the image display element ( ⁇ ) and the center of gravity of the cross-sectional area of a visible section of the wavelength filter corresponds to a direction of propagation, so that from each viewing position, a viewer with one eye predominantly receives partial information from a first selection and predominantly with the other eye
  • Partial information of a second selection from the views (A k ) is optically takes what creates a spatial impression for the viewer from a variety of viewing positions.
  • the viewer is / are on the side of the projectors, and they should not be in one of the projection beam paths as a rule in order not to cause shadowing.
  • the wavelength filter elements contained in the wavelength filter arrays can also be transparent for example to red, green, blue, yellow, cyan or magenta and / or transparent or opaque for the entire visible wavelength range.
  • the image formed on the projection screen and combined from various partial information of the views (A k ) has a grid of image display elements () in columns (i) and rows (j). This grid structure is not necessarily visible.
  • the image display elements ( ⁇ ) can emit light of very different wavelength ranges, depending on what light arrives from the projectors at the corresponding point on the projection screen. It is also conceivable for an image reproduction element to reproduce full-color partial image information, which results in particular from an optical mixture of partial information of different wavelengths / ranges. In addition, depending on the arrangement structure, such a picture element can also reproduce partial information from different picture element positions within a view (A k ) or even from different views (A k ).
  • the filter array contains wavelength filter elements ( ⁇ ) in a grid of rows (q) and columns (p), which are arranged on the filter array as a function of their transparency wavelength / transparency wavelength range ( ⁇ b ) according to the following function
  • Position (p) the index of a wavelength filter (ß) in one row of the array, (q) the index of a wavelength filter (ß) in one column of the array, (b) an integer that is suitable for a wavelength filter (ß) of the filter array on the Position (p, q) defines one of the intended transparency wavelengths / wavelength ranges ( ⁇ b ) and can have values between 1 and b ma ⁇ , (n an integer value greater than "zero", which preferably corresponds to the total number n of the views (A k ) represented by the projectors, (d) a selectable mask coefficient matrix for varying the arrangement of the wavelength filters on the array and - IntegerPart of a function for generating the largest integer that does not exceed the argument in square brackets.
  • the filter elements of the filter array have any, preferably polygonal, particularly preferably rectangular outline shapes.
  • filter arrays (F) can also be used between the projectors and the projection screen in this front projection variant, but only one filter array is assumed below.
  • the filter elements are designed as neutral filters for attenuating the light intensity regardless of the wavelength.
  • neutral filter elements or grayscale filter elements are sometimes cheaper to manufacture than wavelength filter array elements.
  • special effects can be achieved, such as changing the perceived light intensity of one or more views when the viewer moves.
  • the filter array is at a distance (z) in the viewing direction in front of the projection screen, i.e. viewer and projector side, arranged.
  • (Z) assumes values in the order of 0 mm ⁇ z ⁇ 60 mm. In exceptional cases, the amount of (z) can also assume larger values, for example if the diagonal of the projection screen is extremely large.
  • the projection screen is designed as a flat plate in this embodiment.
  • the projection screen it is also conceivable to design the projection screen not spatially but in a spatially structured manner.
  • a cylindrical-periodic reflecting surface is advantageous in connection with the front projection, because then the very nature of the projection screen alone ensures a certain structured direction of light direction of the reflected light.
  • some of the filter elements are designed such that said filter elements only transmit light of selected directions of incidence. This can be done, for example, by using certain crystals or a polymer coating can be guaranteed.
  • at least one filter element as a lens, preferably as a cylindrical lens, or as a prism, wherein the cylindrical lenses or prisms can also be arranged only in columns or rows. In this way, a comparatively high light transmission is achieved.
  • Such configurations are of particular connection in relation to systems with significantly more than eight views shown.
  • n; n> 2) of a scene or an object are projected through the filter array onto the projection screen, so that partial information of the views A k in a combination or mixture determined by the arrangement geometry are made optically visible on the projection screen, and the projection screen m is divided into a sufficiently resolving grid of image reproduction elements ( ⁇ ) into columns (i) and rows (j), which depending on the characteristics of the filter array and the projector each emit light of specific wavelengths ( ⁇ ) or wavelength ranges, and each image reproduction element () contains partial information (s) reproduces at least one of the views (A.), - for the light emitted from the projection screen on the projection side toward the viewer, directions of propagation are predetermined by the filter array, an image display element () with a plurality of assigned wavelength filters of the filter array or a wavelength filter of the filter array correlated with a plurality of assigned image display elements ( ⁇ (j ) such that the connecting straight line between the center of gravity of the
  • Cross-sectional area of a visible section of the image display element ( ⁇ ) and the center of gravity of the cross-sectional area of a visible section of the wavelength filter corresponds to a direction of propagation, so that from each viewing position a viewer with one eye predominantly perceives partial information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information from a second selection from the views (A k ), which means from a large number of viewing positions creates a spatial impression for the viewer.
  • a further solution to the problem is provided by the following autostereoscopic projection arrangement, comprising: a projector, a translucent projection screen, at least two filter arrays (F ⁇ F 2 , .. F, ..), with at least one filter array (F ; ) between the projection screen and the projector, ie in the viewing direction behind the projection screen, and at least one filter array (F 2 ) is arranged in the viewing direction in front of the projection screen, all filter arrays (F ⁇ F 2 , .., F A , ..) arranged in columns and rows -
  • Have gene filter elements that are transparent to light of different wavelengths ( ⁇ ) or different wavelength ranges ( ⁇ ), by means of the projector partial information of n views (A k with k l ..n; n> 2) of a scene or an object be projected onto the projection screen through at least one filter array (F ⁇ ), so that partial information of the views (A) is shown in a the combination or mixture determined by the arrangement geometry can be made optically
  • each image display element ( ⁇ ) and the projector each emit light of specific wavelengths ( ⁇ ) or wavelength ranges, and each image display element ( ⁇ ) reproduces partial information (s) at least one of the views (A k ), for that from the projection screen to the viewer direction of light emitted by the at least one filter array (F), which is arranged in the viewing direction in front of the projection screen, directions of propagation are given, in each case an image reproduction element ( ⁇ ) with a plurality of assigned wavelength filters of the filter array (F) or a wavelength filter of the filter array (F) corresponds to several assigned image display elements ( ⁇ .) in such a way that each of the straight line connecting the centroid of the cross-sectional area of a visible portion of thessenwiederga- beelements ( ⁇ ) and the center of gravity of the cross-sectional area of a visible section of the wavelength filter corresponds to a direction of propagation, so that from every viewing position a viewer with one eye predominantly partial information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information from a
  • the latter preferably emits light of different wavelengths or wavelength ranges in succession.
  • the color assignments can also be permuted and are not limited to this assignment. As a result, different colored views are made visible to the viewer (s).
  • a lens preferably a Fresnel lens is placed in front, so that a real or virtual image of the autostereoscopic projection device is created for the viewer (s).
  • HOE holographic optical elements
  • a multiplicity of propagation directions are predetermined by the imaging effects of the multiplicity of HOEs, one HOE in each case one or more light propagation directions for the light incident thereon, the image partial information at least one of the at least one corresponds to two projected views as a whole, so that from each viewing position, a viewer with one eye primarily perceives partial information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information from a second selection from the views (A k ), which results in a large number a spatial impression is created for the viewer from viewing positions.
  • the left eye of an observer sees approximately 90% partial image information of a first and approximately 10% partial image information of a second view of a scene / object, so that the first view predominates here.
  • the right eye of the viewer can see, for example, approximately 80% of the partial image information of the second view and approximately 20% of a mixture of a third and fourth view without the spatial impression suffering.
  • Holographic optical elements in the sense of this invention are understood to mean individual surface sections of the holographic screen.
  • a fundamental connection which exists in the method according to the invention is that the direction of light propagation given by each HOE for each light beam incident thereon is uniquely dependent on the direction of light incidence thereof.
  • the directions of light propagation here also mean those directions of light failure (possibly many) which have the highest light intensity of the imaged light within a certain solid angle.
  • At least one HOE carries out at least two of the optical images or image combinations a) to h), in particular, for example, an HOE can simultaneously ensure many (different) images according to e) by using a modeled entire array of multiple filter elements.
  • an HOE can be created in such a way that it realizes a different image for light incident from a first direction than for light incident from a different, second direction.
  • light from different projectors could reach a scattering surface contained in the imaging properties of an HOE, which is imaged differently by one and the same HOE, in particular in different directions.
  • the diffuse imaging properties of the HOE can be versatile.
  • the diffuse scattering within the optical image to be realized is advantageously each such that the light is scattered essentially in the vertical direction or in a direction inclined to the vertical direction. Diffuse scattering can also be achieved by means of diffraction using the HOE.
  • the order of magnitude of the HOE or of the optical components represented by it, such as prisms, lenses or, for example, filters, corresponds approximately to that of the pictures which are subsequently perceived on the holographic screen with respect to their order of pixels.
  • the respective HOE height is the size of the pixels or subpixels, while the HOE width is approximately the width of a pixel of a view up to approximately the width of a cycle of pixels of several views. Deviations from this are of course possible; in particular, projected light of a picture element from one / the projector can simultaneously strike several HOEs.
  • a further embodiment provides that at least two of the HOE on the holographic screen differ in their outer dimensions and / or in their outer shape.
  • At least one of the HOE images light of different wavelength ranges in pairs in disjoint directions. This makes it possible, particularly for projection devices with full-color pixels (e.g. DMD or color slide), to apparently increase the perceived resolution of the 3D image, for example by a factor of 3 for the horizontal screen direction.
  • full-color pixels e.g. DMD or color slide
  • the grid in which the HOE are arranged on the holographic screen is preferably an orthogonal grid.
  • said raster in which the HOE are arranged on the holographic screen is a non-orthogonal raster, preferably one in which the row direction intersects the column direction at an angle other than 90 degrees.
  • serpentine column shapes or row shapes are also possible. The latter properties can be used advantageously in particular when imaging errors of the projection optics are to be compensated for by a correspondingly predistorted arrangement of the HOE on the holographic screen.
  • the method according to the invention can also be characterized in that at least one HOE simultaneously specifies at least two light propagation directions for at least light from an incident direction.
  • the advantageous effect can thus be achieved that in the viewing space along a certain line (for example a line parallel to the holographic screen) there is a repeating cycle of views, for example the repeatedly recurring cycle, that the viewer along the line in succession predominantly receives partial image information view 1, then 2, then 3, etc. until view 8 perceives, whereupon the cycle starts again with partial image information of view 1.
  • the effect of the HOE also determines how often the complete view cycles (for example from view 1 to view 8) are essentially perceptible to a particular observer's eye when walking along a line mentioned above.
  • the cycle can only repeat once, twice or more frequently along a line, for example parallel to the holographic screen.
  • the method can be implemented in such a way that at least two projectors are provided, each projector either projecting partial image information of only one view of a scene / object or simultaneous partial image information of at least two views of a scene / object.
  • each projector either projecting partial image information of only one view of a scene / object or simultaneous partial image information of at least two views of a scene / object.
  • this also applies to more than two projectors. It is crucial that at least partial image information of two views is projected.
  • the method according to the invention can furthermore provide that at least one viewing position for a viewing eye exists in the viewing space, into which essentially no light projected by the projectors is imaged by the holographic screen.
  • This is easily possible in that the illustrations or image combinations of the HOE are designed in such a way that a certain section of space in the observation space is essentially not exposed to light. Avoiding pseudoscopy is possible here in particular if such a dark visual zone is located between the end and the beginning of a view cycle of (for example eight) views.
  • the effect of the holographic screen can also be designed such that the respective projectors are positioned at a distance from one another which is greater than their spatial dimensions. This means that a complex layering next to and on top of one another to achieve the eye relief of the projection objectives is obsolete. This is achieved by specifying the images or light propagation directions accordingly.
  • the projection can also take place sequentially in time.
  • at least one, but preferably each projector projects partial image information of at least one view of the scenery / object to be displayed only at certain times, preferably at a frequency to be specified between 1 0 Hz and 60 Hz.
  • Several design variants are possible: First, it is conceivable that only one view is projected from a projector at a first point in time. This is followed by the second view on a second projector, which projects from a different direction onto the holographic screen, etc. After the last projector, the first projects again, etc.
  • the combination structure for combining the partial image information of different views on at least one of the projectors varies in time.
  • the corresponding projector naturally also simultaneously displays image information of at least two views.
  • the number of views from which the respective partial information for a projector originates can also vary in time. Further sequential forms of the method according to the invention can be derived.
  • the sequential lighting is used in particular to improve the separate representation of the projected light, i.e. the projected partial image information of several views, in relation to different imaging directions. Due to the temporal spacing of the projection of different projectors from different directions, inadequacies of the HOE can be partially compensated for.
  • the projector whose light is perceived as a two-dimensional image, is only switched on temporarily, precisely at the time of a desired 2D display.
  • the solid angle can also fall below 0.3 ⁇ * sr, although a 2D representation is also achieved.
  • Each projector used contains, for example, either at least one DMD chip, an LCD component, a tube or a laser. Other types of projector are of course conceivable.
  • the holographic screen has a multiplicity of holographic optical elements (HOE) which are arranged in a grid of columns and / or rows, -
  • Each HOE depicts the light incident from the at least one projector by at least one of the following optical images or image combinations : a) imaging by means of a lens, preferably a cylindrical lens standing vertically or obliquely to the vertical, b) diffusely transparent or translucent imaging with subsequent imaging by means of a lens, preferably a cylindrical lens standing vertically or obliquely to the vertical
  • a multiplicity of propagation directions are predetermined by the imaging effects of the multiplicity of HOEs, one HOE in each case one or more light propagation directions for the light incident thereon, the image partial information at least one of the at least one corresponds to two projected views as a whole, so that from every viewing position a viewer with one eye predominantly partial information of a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information of a second selection from the views perceive (A k ) optically, creating a spatial impression for the viewer from a variety of viewing positions.
  • the left eye of an observer sees approximately 90% partial image information of a first and approximately 10% partial image information of a second view of a scene / object, so that the first view predominates here.
  • the right eye of the viewer can see, for example, approximately 80% of the partial image information from the second view and approximately 20% of a mixture of a third and fourth view without the spatial impression suffering.
  • a basic connection which exists in the arrangement according to the invention is that the light propagation direction predetermined by each HOE for each light beam incident thereon depends unambiguously on its direction of light incidence. Under certain circumstances, other types of imaging than those mentioned under a) to i) are also conceivable for implementation in the HOE.
  • a multiplicity of propagation directions are predetermined by the imaging effects of the multiplicity of HOEs, one HOE in each case one or more light propagation directions for the light incident thereon, the image partial information at least one of the at least one corresponds to two projected views as a whole, so that from each viewing position, a viewer with one eye primarily perceives partial information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information from a second selection from the views (A k ), which results in a large number a spatial impression is created for the viewer from viewing positions.
  • the left eye of an observer sees approximately 90% partial image information of a first and approximately 10% partial image information of a second view of a scene / object, so that the first view predominates here.
  • the right eye of the viewer can see, for example, approximately 80% of the partial image information of the second view and approximately 20% of a mixture of a third and fourth view without the spatial impression suffering.
  • a fundamental connection which exists in the method according to the invention is that the direction of light propagation given by each HOE for each light beam incident thereon is uniquely dependent on the direction of light incidence thereof.
  • At least one projector for front-side projection of partial image information from at least two views A k (k l ..n, n ⁇ 2) of a scene / an object onto a holographic screen, wherein
  • the holographic screen has a large number of holographic optical elements (HOE) which are arranged in a grid of columns and / or rows,
  • HOE holographic optical elements
  • Each HOE depicts the light incident from the at least one projector by means of at least one of the following optical images or image combinations: a) imaging by means of a concave or convex concave mirror, preferably a vertical or oblique cylindrical concave mirror, b) diffusely reflecting with the following image a concave or convex concave mirror, preferably a vertical or oblique cylindrical concave mirror, c) imaging by means of a double or triplet mirror, d) diffusely reflective with subsequent imaging by means of a double or triplet mirror, e) imaging by a polygonal polarization filter and / or grayscale filter and / or wavelength filter, wherein a wavelength filter transmits light of a predetermined wavelength or one or more predetermined wavelength ranges, f) image according to e) and diffusely reflective and subsequently according to e), g) diffuse reflect ct and subsequent image using a flat plate, h) diffusely reflective and subsequent image using a prism, i) image due to
  • the image partial information at least one which corresponds to at least two projected views as a whole, so that from each viewing position a viewer with one eye predominantly partial information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information from a second selection from the perceive (A k ) optically, creating a spatial impression for the viewer from a variety of viewing positions.
  • the invention also relates to methods for producing a holographic screen for use in one of the aforementioned methods or in one of the arrangements described above.
  • This manufacturing process comprises the following process steps: a) Manufacture of an optical arrangement, each of which contains a large number of optical components, each of which guarantees the optical images or image combinations or combinations thereof mentioned in independent claims 1 and 31, b) positioning one (not yet developed) holographic screen in the vicinity of said optical arrangement, c) exposing the holographic screen by means of one or more coherent light source (s), preferably a reference beam directly from the light source onto the holographic screen and an object beam from the light source through said optical arrangement on the holographic
  • coherent light source preferably a reference beam directly from the light source onto the holographic screen and an object beam from the light source through said optical arrangement on the holographic
  • step c) preferably being repeated several times, particularly preferably in such a way that each time step c) is carried out, the light source is brought to a different relative position to the said optical arrangement, and optionally one is carried out each time step c) is carried out another optical arrangement is used, d) developing the holographic screen.
  • the optical arrangement required in each case cannot always be actually manufactured.
  • the following can be used as an alternative to the aforementioned method. It comprises the following method steps: a) Selection of a multiplicity of optical components, each of which has the optical images or imaging com- ponents mentioned in claims 1 and 31, respectively. Ensure combinations or combinations thereof, as well as arrangement of the components in a grid of rows and / or columns, b) calculation of the corresponding holographic interference pattern for the images or combinations, c) exposure of the holographic screen by means of one or more coherent light sources ( n) writing the calculated holographic interference pattern (s) onto the holographic screen, d) developing the holographic screen.
  • the holographic screen from several layers.
  • the different layers can, for example, be laminated onto one another.
  • the viewer (s) can move in the largest possible viewing area without a reduction in the quality of the perceived 3D representation, which means that the arrangement is also particularly suitable for 3D -Projections in the large screen area with a few square meters of screen area can be used.
  • such an arrangement for projecting a three-dimensionally perceptible image comprises: at least one projection unit which is suitable for projecting at least one image which contains image information from a number n of views (n> 2) of a scene or of an object, a projection screen, which contains a plurality of field-like reflectors, the reflectors reflecting the light coming from the projection unit largely independently of the respective light incidence direction in such a way that each illuminated reflector emits a reflection light cone in which at least one tangent lying in a plane parallel to the plane of the projection screen is applied the spatial course of the intensity maximum mums in said reflection light cone has an angle of inclination 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° to the vertical direction of extension of the edge of said projection screen when this vertical direction of extension is projected in parallel in said parallel plane.
  • a plurality of such reflection light cones preferably overlap in such a way that the spatial profiles of the respective intensity maxima are essentially the same. It is thus achieved that from one or more (monocular) viewing positions, different reflectors, which function as partial image elements or partial areas, are perceived as approximately equally bright.
  • an embodiment of an arrangement for projecting a three-dimensionally perceptible image comprising: at least one projection unit for projecting at least one image which contains image information from a number n of views (n> 2) of a scene or one Object contains, is suitable, a projection screen, which contains a plurality of field-like arranged, essentially the same size and similarly shaped reflectors, said reflectors emitting the light coming from the projection unit in each case in a solid angle that is less than 1 ⁇ * sr , characterized in that at least two of the reflectors are horizontally and / or vertically offset from one another by a distance whose length does not correspond to an integral multiple of the width of such a reflector, provided that it is a horizontal offset, or the height, if it is a vertical verse acts.
  • an embodiment of an arrangement for projecting a three-dimensionally perceptible image comprising: at least one projection unit for projecting at least one image which contains image information from a number n of views (n ⁇ 2) of a scene or one Object contains, is suitable, a projection screen, which contains a plurality of field-like shaped reflectors, characterized in that at least two of the reflectors differ in at least one of the parameters shape, size or directional reflectance.
  • the projection unit can contain a DMD chip or one or more LCD light modulators.
  • the projection unit contains a laser projector.
  • one or more filter arrays can be included in the viewing direction in front of the projection screen, each of which contains a multiplicity of filter elements arranged in columns and rows, each of which is translucent or opaque for light of specific wavelengths / ranges in a defined degree of transmission , A further directional selectivity of the projected or reflected partial image information is thus achieved.
  • each individual reflector or a plurality of reflectors can be formed on the projection screen from two plane mirrors which are at a certain angle, preferably 90 °, and a lenticular.
  • the cutting edge of the respective two plane mirrors would be inclined at an angle of 7 ° , for example, with respect to the vertical.
  • each or several reflectors on the projection screen consist of a metal coating which are applied to a plastic surface.
  • the base of the projection screen can be flat or curved.
  • one or more reflectors of the projection screen are rotatably mounted, preferably the combination structure of the projected image information of the n views (n> 2) of a scene or an object for at least a projection unit is varied in time, so that the light originating from one or the projection unit, which is respectively projected onto one of the rotatably mounted reflectors, preferably comes from image information from different views as a function of time, so that image information from different reflector at different times Views are reflected in different directions.
  • one or more reflectors of the projection screen can have reflection properties which are dependent on the wavelength.
  • some reflectors in particular reflect light of different wavelengths in mutually different directions.
  • means for beam folding between the projection unit and the projection screen are also present in further exemplary embodiments.
  • Beam folding in image projections are known to the person skilled in the art and therefore require no further explanation here.
  • At least 4 projection units are used, which project their images or partial image information from different directions onto the projection screen. It can thus be achieved that a larger number of different views of a scene or of an object are projected than if, for example, only one or two projection units were used. This in turn is of great advantage for improving the freedom of movement of the viewer.
  • the or each projection unit is at a distance of between 0.5 meters and 20 meters from the projection screen, for example.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by executing an arrangement for projecting a three-dimensionally perceptible image, comprising: at least two projection units, each for projecting at least one image, which contains image information from a number n of views (n> 2) of a scene or of an object, are suitable
  • a projection screen which contains a plurality of field-like reflectors, characterized in that at least one reflector is simultaneously exposed to light from at least two projection units, the light coming from different projection units being maximally reflected in essentially different spatial directions.
  • each projection unit preferably contains either a DMD chip or one or more LCD light modulators or a laser projector.
  • the small divergences of the light beams are very advantageous, since very sharp images can be generated without any problems.
  • Each projection unit preferably manages completely without convergent imaging optics.
  • this arrangement also contains, in the viewing direction in front of the projection screen, one or more filter arrays (s), which each contain a plurality of filter elements arranged in columns and rows, each for light of specific wavelengths / ranges in one defined transmittance are translucent or opaque.
  • Individual or a plurality of reflectors on the projection screen can be formed, for example, from two plane mirrors which are at a certain angle, preferably 90 ° , to one another and a lenticular located in front of them in the viewing direction.
  • individual or several reflectors on the projection screen consist of a metal coating which are applied to a plastic surface.
  • the base of the projection screen can be flat or curved.
  • one or more reflectors of the projection screen are rotatably mounted, the combination structure of the projected image information of the n views (n> 2) of a scene or an object preferably being varied in time for at least one projection unit, so that the light originating from one or the projection unit, which is respectively projected onto one of the rotatably mounted reflectors, preferably results from image information from different views as a function of time, so that image information from different views is reflected in different directions by said reflector at different times.
  • one or more reflectors of the projection screen can have reflection properties which are dependent on the wavelength.
  • some reflectors preferably reflect light of different wavelengths in different directions.
  • means for beam folding between the projection unit and the projection screen are also present in further exemplary embodiments.
  • Beam folding at Image projections are known to the person skilled in the art and therefore require no further explanation here.
  • At least 4 projection units are used which project their images or image information from different directions onto the projection screen. It can thus be achieved that a larger number of different views of a scene or of an object are projected than if, for example, only one or two projection units were used. This in turn is a great advantage for improving the freedom of movement.
  • the or each projection unit is at a distance of between 0.5 meters and 20 meters from the projection screen, for example.
  • a filter array in the form of a color mask is placed in the beam path between the projector / projectors and the projection screen, which has different color components, preferably of the colors red, green and blue, for each pixel of the projection screen belongs sub-pixel, which means that in addition to the pure colors red, green and blue, mixed colors are displayed on the sub-pixels, so that a higher number of colors can be displayed per sub-pixel and the resolution of the projection screen is thereby increased.
  • the width I new of the colors that can be represented per pixel results, for example, from
  • the width I can vary from color to color. In this way, it is conceivable not only to influence and specify the width, but also the shape or the outline geometry of the image display elements.
  • a filter element can be composed of several smaller partial filter elements.
  • the aforementioned color mask can be designed as a lens, HOE or other optical element that is suitable for causing a spectral splitting of the incident light.
  • the number of projectors can be reduced in that a projector sequentially emits information from different views and the direction of the optical axis is varied in a corresponding frequency, for example by means of reflectors which are changed over time.
  • the filter array positioned closest to the viewer can be partially reflective in order to generate a 2D representation on this filter array, which is then used as a projection surface.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the arrangements according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the filter array on the projector side of a first embodiment of the invention (detail), suitable for e.g. eight projectors,
  • FIG. 3 shows the viewer-side filter array of a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG 4 shows the image structure created on the projection screen in the first embodiment of the invention, which is composed of partial information from different views (detail),
  • FIG. 5 and 6 each show a possible mixture of views that can be seen by a viewer eye when using the first embodiment of the invention at a viewing position (detail)
  • FIG. 7 shows the filter array on the projector side of a second embodiment of the invention (detail), also for 8 projectors suitable,
  • Fig. 10 and Fig. 1 each a possible view mix that can be seen by a viewer's eye when using the second embodiment of the invention at a viewing position (detail)
  • Fig. 2 shows the first projector-side filter array of a third embodiment of the invention (Detail), also suitable for eight projectors,
  • FIG. 1 shows the second filter array on the projector side of a third embodiment of the invention (detail)
  • FIG. 1 shows the viewer-side filter array of the third embodiment of the invention (detail)
  • FIG. 5 shows the image structure which is produced on the projection screen in the third embodiment of the invention, which is composed of partial information from different views (detail)
  • FIG. 1 6 shows the filter array on the projector side of a fourth embodiment of the invention (detail), also suitable for eight projectors
  • FIG. 7 shows the filter array on the viewer side of the fourth embodiment of the invention (detail)
  • 8 shows the image structure which arises on the projection screen in the fourth embodiment of the invention and which is composed of partial information from different views (detail)
  • FIGS. 9 and 20 each show a possible mixture of views that can be seen by a viewer's eye when using the fourth embodiment of the invention (detail),
  • Views is composed (detail), the partial information of the different views being reproduced in different colors (wavelength ranges) from view to view, and
  • Fig. 24 various usable outlines for filter elements in the arrangements according to the invention.
  • FIG. 25 shows a schematic diagram for the construction of an arrangement according to the invention with rear projection
  • FIG. 26 shows an exemplary first filter structure which is implemented by one or more HOE at a time (detail)
  • FIG. 27 shows an exemplary second filter structure, which is implemented by one or more HOE at a time (detail),
  • FIG. 29 and FIG. 30 are exemplary mixtures of views visible to one eye
  • FIG. 32 shows an exemplary model for the effect of the HOE on the holographic screen of arrangements according to the invention
  • FIG. 33 shows an exemplary image combination structure which uses 4 views
  • FIG. 35 an embodiment with a holographic rear projection 3D screen
  • FIG. 36 an example with vertical alignment of the eye positions
  • 38 shows an embodiment with projectors, each of which shows image information of at least two views.
  • Fig.l shows a schematic diagram of the arrangements according to the invention.
  • the arrangement shown according to the invention comprises the following components: at least two projectors 4; (In the drawing only four are shown for the sake of clarity, although there may also be eight or more projectors, for example), a projection screen 3, at least two filter arrays F, F 2 , the filter array F between the projection screen 3 and the projectors 4, ie in the viewing direction of the viewer 5 behind the projection screen 3, and the filter array F 2 is arranged in the viewing direction of the viewer 5 in front of the projection screen 3.
  • all filter arrays F, F 2 have wavelength filter elements arranged in columns and rows which are transparent to light of different wavelengths ⁇ or different wavelength ranges ⁇ .
  • directions of propagation are predetermined by the at least one filter array F, which is arranged in the viewing direction in front of the projection screen 3, an image reproduction element ⁇ with a plurality of assigned wavelength filters of the filter array F 2 or one Wavelength filter of the filter array F 2 corresponds to a plurality of assigned image reproduction elements ⁇ such that in each case the connecting straight line between the center of gravity of the cross-sectional area of a visible baren section of the image display element and the focus of the cross-sectional area of a visible section of the wavelength filter corresponds to a direction of propagation, so that from each viewing position, a viewer 5 with one eye predominantly partial information of a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information of a second selection from the views A k perceives optically, which creates a spatial impression for the viewer 5 from a plurality of viewing positions.
  • a total of 2, 4, 8, 1 6, 32 or 40 projectors are advantageously used. Very good spatial impressions for several viewers and at the same time more pleasant. Freedom of movement is achieved from about eight views onwards, with at least eight projectors being used for projecting views and each projector projecting exactly one view A k or partial information thereof.
  • an arrangement according to FIG. 1 is used, although eight instead of the four projectors 4 shown in the drawing are used.
  • Each of the eight projectors projects a complete 2D view of the scenery / object to be displayed, so that eight views are shown.
  • Such 2D views are, for example, 2D recordings of a scenery / an object, which are recorded from slightly offset horizontal directions.
  • the 2D views are then radiated from the projectors as partial information, for example in a full-color resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels, by means of a technically determined screening.
  • the optical axes of the projectors preferably intersect on the center of the surface of the projection screen 3, two adjacent optical axes enclosing an angle of approximately 3.5 degrees.
  • the projectors are aligned accordingly and have a projection distance of, for example, 2900 mm from the center of the surface of the projection screen 3.
  • the projectors can advantageously be arranged on a circular path with said center of the surface as the center of the circle. All projector lenses are preferably located at the same height behind the projection screen, approximately at the height of the center of the area of the projection screen. For the A correspondingly dimensioned mechanical tripod is suitable for ensuring such positioning.
  • This filter array F contains wavelength filter elements ß ⁇ in a grid of rows q ] and columns p, which are arranged in dependence on their transparency wavelength / their transparency wavelength range ⁇ according to the following function on the filter array
  • Position p ⁇ , q ] defines one of the provided transparency wavelengths / wavelength ranges ⁇ and can have values between 1 and b, n ] m an integer value greater than "zero", which preferably corresponds to the total number n of the views A k represented by the projectors, d, a selectable mask coefficient matrix for varying the arrangement of the wavelength filters on the array F and - IntegerPart of a function for generating the largest integer that does not exceed the argument in square brackets.
  • the result of the regulation for producing a filter structure is an essentially opaque filter array F. which contains obliquely, step-like, transparent strips which are evenly distributed over the surface and comprise approximately one eighth of the total surface take in. This is shown in Fig.2.
  • a transparent or opaque filter element is, for example, about 0.285 mm wide and 0.804 mm high. Other designs are of course conceivable.
  • a transparent or opaque filter element for example approx. 0.285 mm wide and 0.804 mm high, although other dimensions are quite possible.
  • the minus sign means that the array is in front of the screen in the viewing direction.
  • an anti-reflection coating is preferably applied to the filter array F 2 , which is closest to the viewer. To a certain extent, extraneous light reflections are avoided, which improves the perceptibility of the spatial image.
  • an image structure is created on the projection screen, which is shown in detail in FIG.
  • the grid with columns i and rows j is shown here only for the sake of clarity and of course not necessarily visible on the projection screen 3.
  • a number in a box corresponds to the view A k from which the partial information comes, which is projected onto this grid point on the projection screen.
  • the image formed on the projection screen 3 and combined from different partial information of the views A k thus has a raster of image reproduction elements ⁇ in columns i and rows j.
  • the image display elements can emit light of very different wavelength ranges, depending on what light arrives from the projectors at the corresponding point on the projection screen 3. If DMD / DLP projectors are used in this exemplary embodiment, they are full-color image reproduction elements ⁇ .
  • the arrangement according to the invention is particularly efficient with regard to the use of light and surface, since then each surface element on the projection screen can be exposed to light from at least one of the projectors. There are therefore no "permanent black spots" on the Screen so that each surface element of the projection screen emits some partial information from at least some view.
  • the predetermined on the basis of the filter F 2 light propagation directions provide DA for that optically perceives from each viewing position, a viewer 5 with one eye predominantly pieces of information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly pieces of information k a second selection from the views A, which by a plurality of viewing positions from which a spatial impression is created for the viewer 5.
  • 5 and 6 each show a possible mixture of views that can be seen by a viewer's eye when using the first embodiment of the invention at a viewing position (detail view).
  • the viewer's eye predominantly sees views 2 and 3 while at the second exemplary position according to FIG. 6, it predominantly perceives views 6 and 7. If each eye of the viewer sees one of the mixtures of views shown, for example, the viewer gets a spatial impression.
  • the two filter arrays F, F 2 cannot be completely congruent by horizontal and / or vertical linear scaling of their structures.
  • the structures of the filter arrays do not merge into one another by one-dimensional or two-dimensional enlargement or reduction.
  • this non-congruence has the effect that a viewer's eye actually always perceives a mixture of partial information from several views from every viewing perspective (see also the example view mixes in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). The case that a viewer's eye sees partial information of exactly one view from a position in the viewing space is completely excluded.
  • the projection screen 3 is designed to be translucent and preferably also comprises a carrier substrate, for example a glass pane. It can also have a light-concentrating effect, ie have a positive “gain”. Excellent sharpness of the picture elements on the projection screen is achieved if the projection screen is designed as a very thin disk, preferably with a thickness of less than one millimeter.
  • the projection screen is 3 a flat plate with an area diagonal of approx. 50 inches with an aspect ratio of 1 6: 9.
  • the projectors 4 used are supplied with image data by control electronics, which can also comprise several separate devices. For example, said control electronics in this context consist of an image data source that contains one PC per projector. In other words: there are eight PCs.
  • Each PC feeds a projector, as already mentioned above, with the image sequence of a particular view A k .
  • the PCs are coupled to each other via a trigger, so that all eight views A k are shown synchronized in time. Designs with fewer PCs are also conceivable.
  • Each of the filter arrays F and F is designed as an exposed film. Both filter arrays F., F z are laminated onto a substrate, for example onto a glass substrate. A good mechanical hold can be achieved in this way. In the arrangement according to FIG. 1, both filter arrays F t , F 2 are always arranged on the side of the glass substrates facing the projectors 4. The best results are achieved in this way, since the beam offsets caused by the substrates compared to swapping the filter array sides on the substrates are then minimized.
  • an arrangement according to FIG. 1 is also used, although eight are used instead of the four projectors 4 shown in the drawing.
  • Each of the eight projectors 4 again projects a complete 2D view of the scenery / object to be displayed, so that eight views are accordingly shown.
  • the optical axes of the projectors 4 in turn preferably intersect on the center of the surface of the projection screen 3, two adjacent optical axes enclosing an angle of approximately 3.5 degrees.
  • the projectors 4 are aligned accordingly and have a projection distance of, for example, 2900 mm from the center of the surface of the projection screen 3.
  • the projectors 4 can be arranged on a circular path with said center of the surface as the center of the circle. All projector lenses are located at the same height behind the projection screen 3, approximately at the height of the center of the area of the projection screen 3. To ensure such a positioning, a suitably dimensioned mechanical tripod is suitable, for example.
  • a transparent or opaque filter element is here, for example, approximately 0.285 mm wide and approximately 0.804 mm high. Other designs are of course conceivable.
  • ⁇ .. ⁇ are wavelength ranges that block the entire visible spectrum
  • ⁇ and ⁇ are transparent filter areas for the visible spectrum
  • a transparent or opaque filter element is, for example, approximately 0.1 4236 mm wide and 0.804 mm high, although other dimensions are possible.
  • the minus sign means that the array is in front of the screen in the viewing direction.
  • an anti-reflection coating is preferably applied to the filter array F which is closest to the viewer. To a certain extent, extraneous light reflections are avoided, which improves the perceptibility of the spatial image.
  • an image structure is created on the projection screen, which is shown in detail in FIG. 9.
  • the grid with columns i and rows j is shown here only for the sake of clarity and of course not necessarily visible on the projection screen 3.
  • the image created on the projection screen and combined from different partial information of the views A k thus has a raster of image display elements ⁇ in columns i and rows j.
  • the image display elements ⁇ can emit light of very different wavelength ranges according to what light arrives from the projectors at the corresponding point on the projection screen. If DMD / DLP projectors are used in this exemplary embodiment, they are full-color image reproduction elements ⁇ .
  • the arrangement according to the invention is particularly efficient with regard to the use of light and surface, since then each surface element on the projection screen can be exposed to light from at least one of the projectors. There are therefore no "permanently black spots" on the screen, so that each surface element of the projection screen emits some partial information from at least some view A.
  • Fig.l 0 and Fig.l 1 each show a possible mix of views that can be seen by a viewer's eye when using the first embodiment of the invention at a viewing position (detail view).
  • the observer eye sees, for example, predominantly views 5 and 6, while at the second exemplary position according to FIG. 1 1, it predominantly perceives views 2 and 3. If the viewer's eyes now see the mixtures of views shown, a spatial impression is created.
  • the two filter arrays F, F 2 cannot be brought completely to congruence by horizontal and / or vertical linear scaling of their structures. In other words, the structures of the filter arrays do not merge into one another by one-dimensional or two-dimensional enlargement or reduction.
  • the projection screen is designed to be translucent and preferably also comprises a carrier substrate, for example a glass pane. It can also have a light-concentrating effect, ie have a positive “gain”.
  • the projection screen is a flat plate.
  • the projectors used here are also supplied with image data by control electronics, which can also comprise several separate devices.
  • Each of the filter arrays F and F 2 is designed as an exposed film. Both filter arrays F, F are laminated onto a substrate, for example onto a glass substrate. A good mechanical hold can be achieved in this way. In the arrangement according to FIG. 1, both filter arrays F, F are always arranged on the side of the glass substrate facing the projectors 4, the glass substrates not being shown in the drawing in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 an arrangement according to FIG. 1 is also used, although again eight projectors 4 are used instead of the four shown in the drawing.
  • a third filter F is now present between the filter F and the projection screen 3.
  • the filter F 3 is not shown in the drawing in FIG.
  • Each of the eight projectors projects a complete 2D view of the scenery / object to be displayed, so that eight views are shown.
  • the optical axes of the projectors preferably intersect in the center of the surface of the projection screen 3, two adjacent optical axes enclosing an angle of approximately 3.5 degrees.
  • the projectors 4 are aligned accordingly and have a projection distance of, for example, 2900 mm from the center of the surface of the projection screen 3.
  • the projectors can advantageously be arranged on a circular path with said center of the surface as the center of the circle. All projector lenses are preferably at the same height behind the projection screen, approximately at the height of the center of the area of the projection screen.
  • An appropriately dimensioned mechanical tripod is suitable, for example, to ensure such positioning.
  • the first projector-side filter array F of the third embodiment of the invention is shown as a detail.
  • the wavelength filter elements ß in a grid of rows q t and columns p are arranged according to the rule already described several times, the following parameters being selected here:
  • several of the transparency wavelengths / wavelength ranges ⁇ have the same filter effects:
  • a transparent or opaque filter element is here, for example, approximately 0.2847 mm wide and approximately 0.8044 mm high. Other designs are of course conceivable.
  • a filter element here is, for example, approximately 0.281 mm wide and approximately 0.796 mm high. Other designs are of course conceivable.
  • the colored filter elements i.e. the wavelength filter elements, to distinguish about RGB image elements marked with an apostrophe R ', G' and B '.
  • the coefficient matrix d 2pq is generated according to the regulation:
  • the indices p 2 , q 2 run through all possible values that lie within the filter grid to be generated; that is, for example, values for p 2 from 1 to 3840 and for q 2 values from 1 to 768.
  • a filter element is, for example, approximately 0.285 mm wide and 0.804 mm high, although other dimensions are quite possible.
  • the minus sign means that the array is in front of the screen in the viewing direction.
  • an image structure is approximately created on the projection screen, which is shown in detail in FIG.
  • the grid with columns i and rows j is only shown for the sake of clarity and, of course, is not necessarily visible on the projection screen 3.
  • the image created on the projection screen and combined from different partial information of the views A k thus has a raster of image reproduction elements ⁇ in columns i and rows j.
  • the image reproduction elements ⁇ can emit light of very different wavelength ranges, each. depending on what light from the projectors arrives at the corresponding location on the projection screen.
  • DMD / DLP projectors are used in this exemplary embodiment, this time it is not due to the second projector-side filter F 3 that they are not full-color image reproduction elements, but rather those that generally emit light of the wavelength ranges for red, green or blue. This is indicated in Fig.l 5 by the columns labeled R, G and B.
  • the directions of light propagation predefined on the basis of the filter F ensure that from each viewing position a viewer 5 with one eye predominantly perceives partial information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information from a second selection from the views A k , so that from one Numerous viewing positions from which a spatial impression is created for the viewer 5.
  • the three filter arrays F, F 2 cannot be brought completely to congruence by horizontal and / or vertical linear scaling of their structures.
  • the structures of the filter arrays do not merge into one another by one- or two-dimensional enlargement or reduction.
  • this non-congruence has the effect that an observer eye actually perceives a mixture of partial information from several views from every viewing point.
  • the projection screen is designed to be translucent and preferably also comprises a carrier substrate, for example a glass pane. It can also have a light-concentrating effect, ie have a positive “gain”. Excellent sharpness of the picture elements is achieved on the projection screen if the projection screen is designed as a very thin disk, preferably with a thickness of less than one millimeter.
  • the projection screen is a flat plate.
  • the projectors used here are also supplied with image data by control electronics, which can also comprise several separate devices.
  • Each of the filter arrays F, F and F is designed as an exposed film. They are each on a substrate, e.g. laminated onto a glass substrate.
  • an arrangement according to FIG. 1 is also used, although eight are used instead of the four projectors 4 shown in the drawing.
  • Each of the eight projectors 4 again projects a complete 2D view of the scenery / object to be displayed, so that eight views are accordingly shown.
  • the optical axes of the projectors 4 in turn preferably intersect at the center of the area of the projection screen 3, two adjacent optical axes enclosing an angle of, for example, approximately 3.5 degrees.
  • the projectors 4 are aligned accordingly and have a projection distance of, for example, 2900 mm from the center of the surface of the projection screen 3.
  • the projectors 4 can be arranged on a circular path with said center of the surface as the center of the circle. All projector lenses are located at the same height behind the projection screen 3, approximately at the height of the center of the area of the projection screen 3.
  • a suitably dimensioned mechanical tripod is suitable, for example.
  • Fig.l 6 the projector-side filter array F of the fourth embodiment of the invention is shown as a detail.
  • a transparent or opaque filter element is here, for example, approximately 0.2847 mm wide and approximately 0.8044 mm high. Other designs are of course conceivable.
  • a transparent or opaque filter element is, for example, approximately 0.095 mm wide and approximately 0.804 mm high, although other dimensions are quite realistic.
  • the minus sign means that the array is in front of the screen in the viewing direction.
  • an anti-reflection coating is preferably applied to the filter array F which is closest to the viewer. To a certain extent, extraneous light reflections are avoided, which improves the perceptibility of the spatial image.
  • an image structure is approximately created on the projection screen, which is shown in detail in FIG. 18.
  • the grid with columns i and rows j is shown here only for the sake of clarity and of course not necessarily visible on the projection screen 3.
  • the image created on the projection screen and combined from different partial information of the views A k thus has a raster of image display elements ⁇ in columns i and rows j.
  • the image reproduction elements ⁇ f Radiate light of very different wavelength ranges, depending on what light arrives from the projectors at the corresponding point on the projection screen. If DMD / DLP projectors are used in this exemplary embodiment, they are full-color image reproduction elements ⁇ .
  • the arrangement according to the invention is particularly efficient with regard to the use of light and space, since then that at least one of the projectors can be exposed to light on each surface element on the projection screen. There are therefore no "permanently black spots" on the screen, so that each surface element of the projection screen emits some partial information from at least some view.
  • Fig. 9 and Fig. 20 each show a possible mix of views that can be seen by a viewer's eye when using the first embodiment of the invention at a viewing position (detail view).
  • the viewer eye sees, for example, predominantly views 1 and 2, while at the second exemplary position according to FIG. 20, it predominantly sees views 4 and 5. If the viewer's various eyes are now seeing the mixes of views shown, a spatial impression is created.
  • the two filter arrays F, F cannot be completely congruent by horizontal and / or vertical linear scaling of their structures.
  • the structures of the filter arrays do not merge into one another by one- or two-dimensional enlargement or reduction.
  • this non-congruence has the effect that a viewer's eye actually always perceives a mixture of partial information from several views from every viewpoint (see also the example view mixes in Fig. 9 and Fig. 20). The case that a viewer's eye sees partial information of exactly one view from a position in the viewing space is completely excluded.
  • the projection screen is designed to be translucent and preferably also comprises a carrier substrate, for example a glass pane. It can also have a light-concentrating effect, ie have a positive “gain”. Excellent sharpness of the picture elements on the projection screen is achieved if the projection screen is very thin Disc, is preferably formed with a thickness of less than one millimeter.
  • the projection screen is a flat plate.
  • the projectors used here are also supplied with image data by control electronics, which can also comprise several separate devices.
  • Each of the filter arrays F and F 2 is designed as an exposed film. Both filter arrays F ,, F 2 are laminated onto a substrate, for example onto a glass substrate. A good mechanical hold can be achieved in this way. In the arrangement according to Fig.! Both filter arrays F, F are always arranged on the side of the glass substrates facing the projectors 4.
  • an arrangement according to FIG. 1 is also used, although only one projector is used instead of the four projectors 4 shown in the drawing.
  • the optical axis of the projector is preferably aligned with the center of the surface of the projection screen 3.
  • the projection distance is, for example, 2000 mm from the center of the surface of the projection screen 3.
  • the projector lens is approximately at the height of the center of the surface of the projection screen or below.
  • the projector-side filter array F of the fifth embodiment of the invention is shown as a detail.
  • a filter element is here Ex r ielsweise about 0.285 mm wide and
  • there is a transparent or opaque filter element for example approx. 0.285 mm wide and 0.804 mm high, although other dimensions are quite possible.
  • the minus sign means that the array is in front of the screen in the viewing direction.
  • an anti-reflection coating is preferably applied to the filter array F which is closest to the viewer. To a certain extent, extraneous light reflections are avoided, which improves the perceptibility of the spatial image.
  • an image structure is approximately created on the projection screen, which is shown in detail in FIG. 23.
  • the grid with columns i and rows j is shown here only for the sake of clarity and of course not necessarily visible on the projection screen 3.
  • the image created on the projection screen 3 and combined from various partial information of the views A k thus has a grid of image display elements ⁇ in columns i and rows j.
  • the light propagation directions given on the basis of the filter F 2 ensure that from each viewing position a viewer 5 with one eye predominantly perceives partial information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information from a second selection from the views A k , which results in a large number a spatial impression is created for the viewer 5 from viewing positions.
  • the projection screen is designed to be translucent and preferably also comprises a carrier substrate, for example a glass pane. It can also have a light-concentrating effect, ie have a positive “gain”. Excellent sharpness of the picture elements on the projection screen is achieved if the projection screen is designed as a very thin disk, preferably with a thickness of less than one millimeter.
  • the projection screen is a flat plate.
  • each of the filter arrays F and F 2 is designed as an exposed film. Both filter arrays F, F 2 are laminated onto a substrate, for example onto a glass substrate. A good mechanical hold can be achieved in this way. In the arrangement according to Fig.l, both filter arrays F ⁇ F 2 are always arranged on the side of the glass substrates facing the projectors 4.
  • any filter outlines for the filter elements can be used for all of the described configuration variants of the invention.
  • 24 shows various outlines that can be used for filter elements in arrangements according to the invention, it being possible that at least two different types of outline shapes can be formed on a filter array at the same time. The use of such outlines serves to reduce the Moire effects that occur. It can also be advantageous if concave and convex filter element outlines are arranged such that they interlock.
  • the dimensions of the filter elements should be the outermost dimensions in horizontal and vertical dimensions.
  • the invention can be used excellently in the field of entertainment (3D cinema) and also in the field of presentation. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that, depending on the version, several viewers with quite large freedom of movement can see a large-format, brilliant 3D image. Almost available or easy to manufacture components can be used.
  • FIG. 25 a schematic diagram for the construction of an exemplary arrangement according to the invention with rear projection is shown schematically and not to scale.
  • Behind a holographic screen 1 there are several, here for example eight, projectors 2, of which only four are shown in the drawing.
  • four picture elements 3 are shown in extremely enlarged form, onto which light from different directions is incident, for example from different projectors 2.
  • the picture elements of the holographic screen 3 image the light beams in different light propagation directions 4. All directions are only sketched here. In practical implementation, the picture elements 3 would initially also be significantly smaller than the dimensions of the entire holographic screen 1 and would generally be directly adjacent.
  • the separate representation of adjacent picture elements 3 in FIG. 25 is only due to the better overview.
  • Each projector 2 projects here, for example, a (different) two-dimensional view of a scene / an object, so that a total of eight views are projected.
  • the front light propagation directions 4 specified by the holographic screen 1 or its imaging HOE for all light rays incident on the rear, it is achieved that from each viewing position, a viewer predominantly provides partial information from a first selection and from the other eye predominantly partial information from a second selection visually perceives the views A k , which creates a spatial impression for the viewer from a multitude of viewing positions.
  • the viewing area would be to the right of the holographic screen 1, for example.
  • each HOE could achieve the optical imaging effect according to point g) of the arrangement projected on the rear side.
  • a first filter structure which is implemented by one or more HOE at a time, would be, for example, the structure shown in FIG. 26 or a section thereof.
  • a diffusely transparent screen would also be modeled by the or each HOE.
  • another viewer-side filter array structure (for example at a distance of 4 millimeters) would follow, each of which also has the imaging effect of the individual HOE is included.
  • An example of the latter filter array structure is shown in Fig. 27.
  • HOE in particular are able to store and reconstruct information about an entire spatial object to be modeled (here, for example, a filter array or part of it), even if its dimensions are significantly smaller than that are modeling objects.
  • the filter elements of the viewer-side filter array modeled by the HOE again specify front-side light propagation directions, so that a viewer eye, for example, would primarily see view 1 from a certain viewing position, but also a lesser part of image part information from view 2, as would also be shown in FIG .29 is shown.
  • FIG. 31 Another example of the effect of an HOE is shown schematically in Fig. 31.
  • a HOE of a holographic screen is shown in an arrangement according to the invention, greatly enlarged.
  • Said HOE is illuminated from the rear by light rays that come in from different directions and, for example, from different projectors that each project different views.
  • For each incident light beam only two are shown: a solid and a dashed line
  • several directions of light propagation are specified by the HOE, as indicated in Fig. 31.
  • the HOE would here, for just the incident light rays drawn in, for example roughly the viewer side ( right) Specify directions of light propagation. If a viewer moved along line 5, which is shown with a distorted perspective here and is actually in a horizontal plane in front of the holographic screen, he would first of all predominantly display partial information of view 1, then view two and then, if any, further Light rays are present which are not shown in the drawing and which partial image information of further views, for example third to eighth views, predominantly see further partial image information of views 3 to 8 until the cycle starts again at one.
  • the predominant view here means that the multiplicity of HOEs also specifies directions of light propagation according to the invention, which lead to the fact that a viewer's eye generally sees not only part of the image information of exactly one view. A large number of such HOE would then have to be drawn in for FIG. 31 in order to clearly illustrate this fact; however, this would destroy the clarity.
  • the light propagation directions to be specified by the HOE essentially correspond to the respective light intensity maxima and not only non-divergent light beams.
  • a certain proportion of light in a dashed direction of light propagation in FIG. 31 would reach one (or more) observation points to which a solid line actually points, which corresponds to a direction of light propagation.
  • the directions of light propagation could be interpreted as scattering lobes (and not scattering lines).
  • the scattering lobes are preferably designed in such a way that an HOE, provided that it also models a preferably diffusely scattering optical system at some point, has a light intensity maximum whose maximum intensity profile is vertical or inclined to the vertical.
  • FIG. 32 An exemplary model for the effect of the HOE on the holographic screen of arrangements according to the invention is shown in FIG. 32.
  • a large number of cylindrical lenses can be seen in FIG. 32; every cylindrical lens is modeled by a HOE. This corresponds to the imaging effect of the HOE according to characteristic a).
  • Characteristic for this example are the cylindrical lens periods offset from row to row, namely by a distance which here corresponds, for example, to about a third of a lens and thus HOE width.
  • a third also speaks of the non-integer shift referred to a HOE width mentioned above.
  • the HOE imaging effect can also include that of a diffusely scattering focusing screen, which is modeled on or near the plane surface of the cylindrical lens grid.
  • FIG. 33 shows an exemplary image combination structure which uses 4 views and which can be used for an image projected on the rear onto the holographic screen, for example by only one projector, in order to give the viewer a spatial impression in the manner described above (see Description for Fig. 32).
  • Each box corresponds to a projected pixel here; the number in the box indicates the view from which the respective pixel obtains its partial image information.
  • the pixels are divided into rows j and columns i.
  • Each cylindrical lens is approximately as long in one direction with respect to the extent of its flat surface (and thus also with regard to the projection of the apex surface onto the flat surface) as a pixel line of the projected image (on the modeled focusing screen) is high (e.g. 0.8 mm ), while in the second direction it is approximately as wide as four pixel columns of the projected image (on the modeled focusing screen) (eg 3.2 mm).
  • the image combination structure according to FIG. 33 can also be generated by projecting the four views from, for example, 4 projectors through a suitable filter array, which can also be modeled by the HOE.
  • FIG. 34 An exemplary model for the effect of the HOE on the holographic screen of arrangements according to the invention is shown in FIG. 34.
  • FIG. 34 An exemplary model for the effect of the HOE on the holographic screen of arrangements according to the invention is shown in FIG. 34.
  • FIG. 34 A large number of cylindrical lenses and filter sections can be seen in FIG. 34;
  • Each cylindrical lens and each filter section (in particular a filter section located between two HOE) is modeled by an HOE. This corresponds to the imaging effect of the HOE according to features a) and e).
  • features e different interpretations are possible here: Either one HOE models several (here, for example, two opaque and one transparent) filter elements or the different filter elements are modeled by different neighboring HOE. The optical effect remains essentially the same.
  • a diffusely scattering surface to be modeled in each case can also be incorporated.
  • partial image information from multiple, for example four or eight, views would be projected on the rear.
  • light propagation directions are then specified on the basis of the lenses or filter elements simulated by the HOE, so that a three-dimensional impression is created again.
  • the invention offers significant advantages over the prior art. This enables several viewers to perceive an improved 3D impression on a projection system. The viewers enjoy great freedom of movement. Furthermore, optical images can be modeled using the HOE, which cannot be completely or technically realized with conventional optics or only with extreme effort. In addition, 3D projections of large image dimensions, for example with dimensions of a few meters, can be achieved.
  • the parameters given below are used as guide values and can also be varied depending on the application.
  • the size of the angles .alpha. And .beta. Can be changed if necessary, as a result of which the viewing distance can be optimized.
  • the highest possible light transmittance should be aimed for.
  • FIG. 35 shows a preferred embodiment variant in a top view, in which a holographic rear-projection 3D screen is used. It can be seen that several projectors are arranged in a circular arc, with their average distance to the projection screen is about 2 m. The angle is approximately 8.6 ° , the angle ⁇ is approximately 0.83 °.
  • the angle ⁇ is predetermined so that the viewing or eye positions are at a distance of 4.5 m from the projection screen. If the angle ⁇ is chosen larger, the distance of the viewing positions from the projection screen is reduced. For the viewer's eyes, the grid on which the image information is displayed can no longer be resolved from a distance of 4.5m, which is conducive to 3D perception.
  • the grid size of the HOE on the projection screen should be about 0.1 mm x 0.1 mm.
  • the same viewing positions always offer the same view mixes.
  • the share sums of the views result in the value 1 at each point of the curves shown.
  • a certain amount of latitude is allowed for curve or line smoothing, which enables manufacturing tolerances for the rear projection screen. In this respect, deviations from the share total 1 by a few percent are permissible.
  • the vertical arrangement of the viewing positions according to Fig. 36 is preferably suitable for 3D cinemas with a fixed chair arrangement, since the viewing is independent of the seat height.
  • the oblique arrangement of the viewing positions according to Fig. 37 suits 3D perception for moving viewers. The reason is essentially that there are no completely blind spots in space because of the inclination.
  • FIG. 38 shows an embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention with a holographic rear-projection 3D screen, which in comparison with the embodiment according to FIG. 35 manages with half of the projectors, but also guarantees a very good 3D impression.
  • Each of the projectors creates two of the eight images to be displayed simultaneously (nested in columns).
  • the distances between the projectors and the projection screen or the projection screen and the viewing positions and the angle sizes correspond to those of the embodiment according to FIG. 35. tion either vertically or obliquely, as shown in Figs. 36 and 37 respectively.
  • a filter array which is located in front of a focusing screen, and these two modules form a unit, this can simply be rotated by 1 80 ° in order to switch from a 2D display to a 3D display.
  • the position of the projector is changed for the purpose of switching, or the light emitted by the projector is diverted via reflectors.
  • filter arrays can be slidably arranged in front of or behind the focusing screen. Depending on the desired mode of operation, the filter arrays are then pushed into the imaging beam path or removed from the imaging beam path. It is also conceivable to make the structure of the filter elements in the arrays changeable, e.g. through photo- or electro-chrome layers or the like

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
  • Overhead Projectors And Projection Screens (AREA)

Abstract

Système de projection autostéréoscopique, qui comporte au moins un projecteur (4) et au moins un groupe de filtres (F1, F2) constitué d'une pluralité d'éléments filtres placés en rangées et en colonnes. Selon ledit système, des informations partielles de vues d'une scène ou d'un objet sont projetées à l'aide du (des) projecteur(s) (4) sur un écran de projection (3), et ces informations partielles sont reproduites sur des éléments de reproduction d'images et sont rendues visibles pour au moins un observateur (5), après avoir traversé un ou plusieurs des groupes de filtres (F1, F2). Les éléments de reproduction d'images correspondent à des éléments filtres associés, concernant le sens de propagation des informations partielles, de manière telle qu'un observateur (5) perçoit optiquement avec un oeil principalement des informations partielles appartenant à une première sélection et avec l'autre oeil principalement des informations partielles appartenant à une seconde sélection tirée des vues, ce qui produit pour l'observateur (5) une impression stéréoscopique.
EP03763851A 2002-07-12 2003-07-11 Systeme de projection autostereoscopique Withdrawn EP1537444A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE20211612U DE20211612U1 (de) 2002-07-12 2002-07-12 Autostereoskopische Projektionsanordnung
DE20211612U 2002-07-12
DE20218862U 2002-12-03
DE20218862U DE20218862U1 (de) 2002-12-03 2002-12-03 Projektionsanordnung zur Erzeugung dreidimensional wahrnehmbarer Bilder
DE10259968 2002-12-16
DE10259968A DE10259968A1 (de) 2002-12-16 2002-12-16 Autostereoskopisches Projektionsverfahren und autostereoskopisches Projektionsanordnung
PCT/EP2003/007620 WO2004008779A2 (fr) 2002-07-12 2003-07-11 Systeme de projection autostereoscopique

Publications (1)

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EP1537444A2 true EP1537444A2 (fr) 2005-06-08

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03763851A Withdrawn EP1537444A2 (fr) 2002-07-12 2003-07-11 Systeme de projection autostereoscopique

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (4) US7419265B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1537444A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2005533291A (fr)
CN (1) CN100362374C (fr)
AU (1) AU2003250947A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2492687A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004008779A2 (fr)

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US20080266524A1 (en) 2008-10-30
AU2003250947A1 (en) 2004-02-02
WO2004008779A3 (fr) 2004-11-18
CN100362374C (zh) 2008-01-16
US20060103932A1 (en) 2006-05-18
CA2492687A1 (fr) 2004-01-22
AU2003250947A8 (en) 2004-02-02
WO2004008779A2 (fr) 2004-01-22
US20080266525A1 (en) 2008-10-30
CN1668947A (zh) 2005-09-14
US20120140182A1 (en) 2012-06-07
US8142020B2 (en) 2012-03-27
US7419265B2 (en) 2008-09-02
JP2005533291A (ja) 2005-11-04

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