EP1537408A1 - Systeme de mesure comprenant une electrode photosensible - Google Patents

Systeme de mesure comprenant une electrode photosensible

Info

Publication number
EP1537408A1
EP1537408A1 EP03747828A EP03747828A EP1537408A1 EP 1537408 A1 EP1537408 A1 EP 1537408A1 EP 03747828 A EP03747828 A EP 03747828A EP 03747828 A EP03747828 A EP 03747828A EP 1537408 A1 EP1537408 A1 EP 1537408A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring system
photosensitive electrode
container
light source
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03747828A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Josef SCHÖNING
Ralph Otto
Tatsuo Yoshinobu
Hiroshi Iwasaki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Publication of EP1537408A1 publication Critical patent/EP1537408A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • G01N27/305—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells optically transparent or photoresponsive electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a measuring system for the detection of one or more analytes with a photosensitive electrode and at least one light source.
  • Known measuring systems can basically be divided into two classes:
  • the light-sensitive electrode (and its support structure) and the light sources are separately separate, as described in US 4,591,550.
  • the light source is arranged on one of the two electrode sides.
  • the photosensitive electrode is immersed in an analyte solution and is illuminated from the side of the analyte container.
  • the surface of the photosensitive electrode includes part of the inner wall of the analyte container (Haffman, DG et al., 1988. Science. 140, 1182-1185).
  • a disadvantage of the first class measuring systems is that the bottom of the analyte container is translucent or translucent. Additional space is required for the light source below the analyte container.
  • a disadvantage of the second class sensors is that the analyte container has to meet a number of requirements. This must be corrosion-resistant and inert with respect to the analyte. It must also be hermetically sealed to the light source.
  • DE 195 36 389 A1 also discloses an intact receptor in the form of a functional insect antenna for detecting one or more trace components in air, which is preferably connected to a semiconductor component via an electrolyte. As a result, z. B. Smoldering fires can be detected.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a measuring system which can detect one or more analyte substances at the same time and does not require a special analyte container.
  • the measuring system should be miniaturized and therefore portable.
  • the measuring system comprises a container and a photosensitive electrode as well as at least one or more light sources within the container. This measure results in a space-saving design.
  • the system can be miniaturized and is therefore portable.
  • the photosensitive electrode is advantageously arranged in the wall of the container and thus represents part of the wall of this container.
  • the photosensitive electrode is then brought into contact with it to detect an analyte.
  • a portable measuring system regularly has the advantage that it is particularly compact due to the integration of the light source (s) in the container and the photosensitive electrode in the wall of the container. In this way, the desired miniaturization of the measuring system can be implemented particularly well.
  • the front and back of the photosensitive electrode are advantageously arranged in the wall of the container so that they correspond to the inside and the outside of the container wall.
  • the photosensitive electrode regularly has at least one light-addressable detection area. However, there can also be a large number of light-addressable detection or measurement ranges in order to detect a corresponding number of analytes in succession or simultaneously with an arrangement.
  • the analyte is located on the side of the photosensitive electrode opposite the light source.
  • the photosensitive electrode generates an electrical signal in response to the concentration of the analytes to be detected.
  • the photosensitive electrode can in particular have more than one addressable measuring range, which are then selected in each case by illumination.
  • select generally refers to an operating state in which either an increase, or a decrease or a change in the measurement signal takes place due to the interaction with an analyte.
  • one measurement area is illuminated.
  • several measurement areas can also be illuminated simultaneously and the signals are read out in succession or in parallel, but the term “select” does not only mean that this area makes a contribution to a measurement signal, it can also serve as an internal reference, for example to compensate for drift or temperature influences ,
  • the photosensitive electrode is arranged in the wall of the container in such a way that the interior of the container with the light source (s) is sealed off from the analyte (s) to be examined in the liquid.
  • Possible seals can be: O-rings, direct sticking or gluing into the container wall, sealing rubber, etc.
  • replaceable seals have the advantage that the photosensitive electrode can also be changed without destroying them, which ensures a modular structure of the measuring system.
  • the photosensitive electrode comprises a semiconductor substrate, in particular a semiconductor substrate made of Si, SiC, GaAs, GaP, or another element or compound semiconductor.
  • the semiconductor can be n-, p- or intrinsic.
  • the semiconductor may have one or more insulating layers, e.g. B. from Si0 2 , Si 3 N 4 , Al 2 0 3 , Zr0 2 , Ta 2 0 5 , etc. or a combination thereof. These layers are usually deposited on the surface of the semiconductor.
  • the semiconductor has an ohmic contact or a region with high conductivity.
  • the photosensitive electrode can also comprise at least one membrane at the interface with one or more analytes.
  • the membrane has a solid material and / or an ion-selective polymer.
  • the membrane can also include biomolecules and even intact receptors.
  • the photosensitive electrode thus has one or more measuring areas on its surface. The measuring ranges can be defined by one or more membranes directed towards the analyte, each of these measuring areas is excited by a corresponding light source on the side opposite the membrane.
  • the membranes can e.g. B. have different compositions or sensitivity characteristics, so that different signal responses to the chemical analytes exist.
  • the membrane can be made of solid materials that react ion-sensitive (crystalline, glass-like) or comprise ion-selective polymer materials (incl. Photostructurable materials) as well as biomolecules, such as. B.
  • Enzymes, antibodies, antigens, DNA, RNA and / or intact receptors include. Instead of forming several membranes, a single membrane can also be formed on the photosensitive electrode. In this case, some areas of this membrane have different sensor characteristics. It can e.g. B. different ionophores can be introduced in different areas of the membrane, which in turn can react differently to different components of the analyte.
  • the photosensitive electrode itself can also be modified in such a way that these different areas have different sensitivities to the analyte or analytes. Modification can mean: connection of a certain chemical group to the surface, connection of certain molecules (catalysts, enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids such as DNA, etc.) or connection of a cell or cell cluster or intact receptor.
  • the light source or light sources to be used is or are located inside the container and illuminates the illuminating electrode.
  • the lighting defines the measuring range of the photosensitive electrode. This can be achieved through different physical processes, such as. B. the generation of charge carriers or the change in electrical conductivity.
  • the light sources are e.g. B. arranged as an array of lamps, lasers or light emitting diodes.
  • the spatial arrangement of the array can be linear, two-dimensional, regular. B. be checkered or random.
  • the lamps, lasers or LEDs can be the same or different. If only one measuring range of a photosensitive electrode is required, then a single lamp, laser or LED is sufficient as a light source.
  • a single light source or the light sources has means for locally illuminating the photosensitive electrode.
  • the light source can comprise one or more rotatable perforated disks or one or more curved optical fibers.
  • the turntables and / or fibers rotate during the illumination and thus lead to the photosensitive electrode being locally illuminated. This means that no complexly controlled lighting array is required.
  • One or more lenses can continue to exist between such light sources and the photosensitive electrode be arranged to focus the light.
  • Such means have a particularly advantageous effect that only very specific areas of the photosensitive electrode are defined as measuring areas by focused light (for example by lamps, lasers).
  • the lighting can be controlled constantly, changing, repeating or pulse-like. It selects the measuring range of the photosensitive electrode. It can be generated directly or indirectly, induced, amplified or electrically modulated. The resulting signals are changed by the analyte or analytes to be detected.
  • the output signal from the sensor which is used to determine the analyte concentration, is an electrical signal.
  • This can be in different forms as current or voltage, e.g. B. as DC, AC, repetitive or pulse-shaped signal and their changes.
  • Various parameters such as amplitude, frequency, phase, pulse height, pulse length and / or their changes, which result from the detection of the analyte substance, are then detected.
  • parameters such as conductivity, impedance or capacitance can advantageously be used to determine the analyte.
  • the electrical signal is typically read out via an external measuring unit.
  • This measuring unit can, for. B. a voltmeter, ammeter, impedance meter, oscilloscope, digital multimeter, lock-in amplifier, in- tegrator, electrochemical analyzer or computer (equipped with A / D converter). Additional instruments or measuring amplifiers / devices can also be used:
  • Oscillator or function generator to be able to modulate the light source
  • Preamplifier to amplify the electrical signal
  • a potentiostat can also be used to achieve a well-defined control and adjustment of the potential at the photosensitive electrode.
  • a reference and / or counter electrode can be separate from the sensor or connected to the sensor. In the latter case, they can, for example, be directed towards the analyte Side of the photosensitive electrode can be integrated.
  • the container has an opening with lines to the light sources and from the photosensitive electrode to the measuring unit for the electrical coupling of the container to said measuring units.
  • the electrical signal generated by detection of one or more analytes is read out via the measuring unit.
  • Fig. 1 measuring system according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 Example of a photosensitive electrode
  • Fig. 7 Example of a series of measurements recorded with the measuring system according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the measuring system according to the invention.
  • This comprises a container 1, two Light sources 2, which are arranged in the container 1, and a photosensitive electrode 3, which is sealed into the wall of the container via an O-ring 4.
  • the photosensitive electrode 3 has an area of e.g. B. 10 x 10 or 15 x 15 mm 2 .
  • the lower side of the photosensitive electrode 3 faces the analyte.
  • This side of the photosensitive electrode 3 thus corresponds to the outer wall of the container 1.
  • the other side of the photosensitive electrode 3 opposite this side is directed towards the two light sources 2 and thus corresponds to the inner wall of the container 1.
  • the container 1 has z. B. a width of 20 mm and a height of z. B. 100 mm.
  • the container 1 is here a plastic cylinder and has an opening in the upper part.
  • About the photosensitive electrode 3 has an area of e.g. B. 10 x 10 or 15 x 15 mm 2 .
  • the number of lines is of course not limited to this. Rather, depending on requirements, more lines can lead to the light sources or to the evaluation devices.
  • Radiation-transparent materials for the container can advantageously be completely dispensed with.
  • the measuring system is compact, small, handy and therefore portable.
  • the system is also modular.
  • Fig. 2 shows the photosensitive electrode, comprising an ohmic contact 21 on a silicon semiconductor plate 22, and with an insulator 23 and three different membranes 24 on the insulator 23.
  • the membranes 24 are from a light source, the is arranged above the ohmic contact, illuminated and a detectable electrical signal is produced by reaction with an analyte.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show two embodiments of light sources according to the invention.
  • a rotatable perforated disk 32 is arranged between the light-sensitive electrode 3 and the light source 2.
  • the rotatable perforated disk 32 serves as a means for local illumination of the photosensitive electrode 3. When the disk rotates, only certain areas of the photosensitive
  • Electrode 3 defined by the light source 2 as measuring ranges.
  • the photosensitive electrode 3 is locally illuminated by means of a curved optical fiber 42.
  • the fiber 42 rotates, only parts of the photosensitive electrode 3 are illuminated; this in turn defines the measuring ranges.
  • the light sources 32 and 42 shown in FIG. 3 and in FIG. 4 directly result in the photosensitive electrode 3 being illuminated only locally. Therefore, a complex controlled lighting array can be dispensed with when choosing such light sources. This leads to a further downsizing of the measuring system.
  • a lens (not shown) can be arranged in the vicinity of the rotatable perforated disk 32 or the fiber 42 for focusing the light.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show two embodiments of the portable measuring system in a measuring arrangement.
  • the reference numerals of FIGS. 1 and 2 are only partially drawn in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • two LEDs 2 are selected as light sources by means of a multiplexer 56 and controlled via an LED driver 57 in order to emit the modulated light.
  • the frequency of the modulated light is specified by an oscillator 58.
  • the light from the LEDs 2 illuminates a measuring range of the photosensitive electrode 3 and generates an ac photocurrent, the amplitude of which depends on the bias voltage of the potentiostat 51 and the concentration of the analyte composition in the measuring range.
  • the ac photocurrent is then amplified in the preamplifier 52 and the dc component is masked out via the high-pass filter 53.
  • Reference electrode 55 represents a further component of the portable measuring system.
  • the photosensitive electrode 3 in the wall of the container 1 is brought into contact with the analyte or analytes.
  • the analyte or analytes are in a liquid 59 in a container.
  • FIG. 6 shows one of numerous conceivable possible embodiments in which the above-mentioned functions are already integrated.
  • the reference symbols in FIG. 6 mean:
  • LED selection Container 1 then contains, in a particularly advantageous and compact manner, further components necessary for the detection of the analyte or analytes, such as high-pass filter 61, preamplifier 62, oscillator 63, LED driver 64 and multiplexer 65.
  • the invention is not limited to this. It is conceivable to integrate further necessary components in the container 1 and to achieve a further miniaturization of the portable measuring system by clever arrangement.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a measurement curve of a light-sensitive sensor area for different pH concentrations.
  • the I / U (photocurrent voltage) characteristic curve shifts along the voltage axis. This shift can be read out as a sensor signal.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de mesure portable conçu pour détecter une ou plusieurs substances à analyser. Ce système de mesure comprend un récipient (1), une électrode photosensible (3), ainsi qu'une ou plusieurs sources lumineuses (2). Ledit système de mesure est caractérisé en ce que la/les source(s) lumineuse(s) (2) est/sont placée(s) à l'intérieur du récipient (1), ce qui permet d'obtenir un système de mesure de construction compacte, de petite taille et modulaire. La configuration est avantageuse lorsque l'électrode photosensible (3) fait partie de la paroi du récipient (1).
EP03747828A 2002-09-12 2003-09-05 Systeme de mesure comprenant une electrode photosensible Withdrawn EP1537408A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10242529 2002-09-12
DE2002142529 DE10242529A1 (de) 2002-09-12 2002-09-12 Meßsystem mit photoempfindlicher Elektrode
PCT/DE2003/002951 WO2004027407A1 (fr) 2002-09-12 2003-09-05 Systeme de mesure comprenant une electrode photosensible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1537408A1 true EP1537408A1 (fr) 2005-06-08

Family

ID=31895932

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03747828A Withdrawn EP1537408A1 (fr) 2002-09-12 2003-09-05 Systeme de mesure comprenant une electrode photosensible

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1537408A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2005538387A (fr)
DE (1) DE10242529A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004027407A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4626413A (en) * 1984-01-10 1986-12-02 Anatel Instrument Corporation Instrument for measurement of the organic carbon content of water
US4591550A (en) * 1984-03-01 1986-05-27 Molecular Devices Corporation Device having photoresponsive electrode for determining analytes including ligands and antibodies
DE3518527A1 (de) * 1985-05-23 1986-11-27 Ulrich 8700 Würzburg Schliwa Fluorometer auf impulsbasis
JPH0627717B2 (ja) * 1988-04-13 1994-04-13 株式会社キリンテクノシステム 壜の胴部検査装置
US5341214A (en) * 1989-09-06 1994-08-23 Gaztech International Corporation NDIR gas analysis using spectral ratioing technique
IT1240329B (it) * 1990-03-20 1993-12-07 Tecsa Apparecchiatura per la rilevazione di gas a laser infrarosso e fibre ottiche
DE19520488C1 (de) * 1995-06-03 1996-09-05 Draegerwerk Ag Meßvorrichtung zur Infrarotabsorption
DE19536389C2 (de) * 1995-09-29 2003-06-12 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Biosensorsystem zur Messung einer oder mehrerer, insbesondere organischen, durch Pflanzenschädigungen verursachten Spurenkomponenten in Luft
JP3688096B2 (ja) * 1997-05-10 2005-08-24 財団法人地球環境産業技術研究機構 材料評価方法
DE19742053C1 (de) * 1997-09-24 1999-01-28 Draeger Sicherheitstech Gmbh Infrarotmeßanordnung mit erweitertem Meßbereich
AU749884B2 (en) * 1998-08-28 2002-07-04 Febit Ferrarius Biotechnology Gmbh Support for a method for determining an analyte and a method for producing the support
DE19921374C2 (de) * 1999-05-10 2001-03-29 Rudolf Groskopf Vorrichtung zur dreidimensionalen optischen Untersuchung eines Objektes mit Beleuchtung durch eine Lochplatte
DE19951163A1 (de) * 1999-10-23 2001-05-17 Draeger Sicherheitstech Gmbh Gassensor mit einem katalytischen Strahler

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2004027407A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10242529A1 (de) 2004-03-25
WO2004027407A1 (fr) 2004-04-01
JP2005538387A (ja) 2005-12-15

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