EP1532083A1 - Ceramique a structure perovskite, son utilisation comme electrode de mesure ph. - Google Patents
Ceramique a structure perovskite, son utilisation comme electrode de mesure ph.Info
- Publication number
- EP1532083A1 EP1532083A1 EP03758260A EP03758260A EP1532083A1 EP 1532083 A1 EP1532083 A1 EP 1532083A1 EP 03758260 A EP03758260 A EP 03758260A EP 03758260 A EP03758260 A EP 03758260A EP 1532083 A1 EP1532083 A1 EP 1532083A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- electrode
- powder
- grains
- chosen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007793 ph indicator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [La+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BDJXVNRFAQSMAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinhydrone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 BDJXVNRFAQSMAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940052881 quinhydrone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/024—Oxides
- B01D71/0271—Perovskites
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- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/05—Cermet materials
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- G01N27/301—Reference electrodes
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- G01N27/302—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells pH sensitive, e.g. quinhydron, antimony or hydrogen electrodes
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- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ceramic with a perovskite structure, as well as its use as a pH measurement electrode.
- a frequently used measuring electrode is an electrode of said glass electrode, constituted by the electrochemical chain Ag / AgCl / internal solution at pH 7 / glass.
- Electrodes for measuring pH are based on redox reactions involving protons. It is, for example, an antimony oxide electrode usable for industrial or food environments, which is based on the reaction
- the object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic with a perovskite structure having a particular structure which makes it sensitive to variations in pH of a medium, a method for preparing it, and a measuring electrode comprising said ceramic as active element.
- a ceramic according to the present invention is characterized in that it has a perovskite structure and that it has the following properties: - its composition corresponds to the formula L (2/3 ) - x A 3x (_ / 3 ) - 2x E0 3 , in which:
- E represents a transition metal which can be oxidized up to the +5 oxidation state, alone or associated with at least one other element chosen from Al and the transition metals which can be oxidized up to the d state '+5 or +6 oxidation;
- L is a lanthanide chosen from La, Nd, Sm or Pr, an alkaline earth metal chosen from Mg, Sr, Ba and Ca, or bismuth
- A represents at least one element chosen from Li, Na and AG
- E represents a transition metal chosen from Ti, V, Ta and Nb, possibly associated with Mo or W.
- Specific examples are constituted by the ceramics corresponding to one of the formulas' La (2/3 ) - ⁇ Li 3x ( ⁇ / 3) - 2x Ti0 3 or Nd (2 3) - x Li 3x ( ⁇ / 3) - 2x Ti0 3 .
- a ceramic according to the present invention can be obtained by a method consisting in sintering an initial powder of a ceramic having the composition L ( 2/3) - ⁇ A 3x ( ⁇ / 3) - 2 ⁇ E0 3 , in which L, A , and E have the meaning given above.
- the method is characterized in that: an initial ceramic powder is used, at least 50% of the grains of which have a dimension of less than 5 ⁇ m; the powder is compacted under a pressure of 251 to 740 Mpa; the compacted powder is subjected to sintering at a temperature between 1050 and 1350 ° C.
- a unidirectional press or an isostatic press can be used for the compacting step of the ground powder. Compaction is almost immediate.
- the compacted powder is brought to the sintering temperature, preferably at a speed of l-30 ° C / min.
- the sintering time is advantageously between 5 and 12 hours. A duration of 10 hours is generally suitable.
- the initial ceramic powder used is obtained by grinding a ceramic having the desired composition, in a planetary mill of the ball mill type or of the disc mill type.
- a ceramic having the desired composition in a planetary mill of the ball mill type or of the disc mill type.
- the P7 type zirconia ball mill marketed by the company Fritsch.
- Fritsch By grinding for a period of 45 min carried out on a starting powder having a specific surface of the order of 3700 cm 2 / g and of which 50% of the grains have a dimension of less than 18.25 ⁇ m, we obtains a powder of which 75% of the grains have a dimension of less than 5.5 ⁇ m, the specific surface (21,361 cm 2 / g) being multiplied by about 5.5 compared to the initial powder.
- the ceramic powder is obtained by a sol-gel process.
- a compound La ( / 3 ) _ x Li 3x (_ / 3 ) -_ x Ti0 3 can be prepared from a solution A obtained by dissolving nitrate or acetate in a minimum of anhydrous ethanol lithium and nitrate or lanthanum acetate in stoichiometric proportions, and a solution B obtained by dissolving the titanium isopropoxide in anhydrous methanol.
- the mixture of solutions A and B in stoichiometric proportions causes a hydrolysis which gives a gel. Heating the gel to a temperature of 150 ° C gives a dry product. Said dry product is then heated to a temperature of the order of 400 ° C to remove the organic part.
- the ceramic is then obtained by heating at 1000 ° C for about 12 hours.
- the other ceramics of the invention can be obtained in a similar manner.
- a measuring electrode according to the present invention comprises a ceramic according to the invention as a sensitive element. It can be of the membrane type, or of the "all solid" type.
- a membrane type electrode comprises a tube closed at its lower part by a ceramic membrane according to the invention.
- the tube is made of a material having good mechanical strength and chemical inertness with respect to the medium whose pH is sought to be determined.
- the tube contains a buffer solution, into which an internal electrode, for example of the M / MX / X " type, is immersed in aqueous solution, M being a metal and MX a poorly soluble compound of said metal, for example an oxide or a halide other than
- a particularly preferred internal reference electrode is of the Pt / Hg / Hg 2 Cl 2 type .
- An electrode of the "all solid” type consists of the metal / ceramic electrochemical chain, the ceramic being a ceramic according to the invention. Contact between metal and ceramic can be achieved using an adhesive. It can also be obtained by vacuum deposition of the metal on the ceramic, this process being particularly suitable when the ceramic is obtained in the form of a thin film by a sol-gel process.
- a pH measurement device comprises a reference electrode insensitive to variations in pH, and a measurement electrode having a high sensitivity to variations in pH in a medium, the two electrodes being connected by a millivoltmeter with high input impedance.
- the electrode according to the present invention is particularly well suited for be used as a measuring electrode in such a device.
- FIG. 1 represents the diagram of a pH measuring device in which the measuring electrode has the "membrane" configuration.
- This device is constructed according to the electrochemical chain "reference electrode / buffer solution / M / MX / X " / ceramic ". It comprises a measurement electrode according to the invention (1), a reference electrode (2), a millivoltmeter (3) (for example of the MINISIS 8000 type marketed by the company Tacussel, or of the pHm210 type marketed by the company Radiometer), a device (4) for signal processing (for example an Agilent acquisition center). electrodes are immersed in the same thermostated solution, not shown, for which it is desired to determine the pH or the concentration of alkaline ions.
- the reference electrode (2) can be of the REDROD type sold by the company Radiometer.
- (1) comprises a glass tube (5) closed at its lower part by a ceramic membrane (6) according to the invention
- the tube contains a buffer solution (7) consisting of an aqueous solution saturated with KC1 and having a pH kept constant during the measurement (for example a saturated solution of KC1 at pH 1).
- An internal electrode (8) is immersed in the buffer solution (7).
- the internal electrode (8) can be of the Pt / Hg / Hg 2 Cl 2 type .
- the reference electrode (2) is connected directly to the millivoltmeter (3).
- the indicator electrode is connected to the millivoltmeter via the internal electrode (8).
- FIG. 2 represents the diagram of a device for measuring pH in which the measurement electrode is of the "all solid" type.
- This device is constructed according to the electrochemical chain "reference electrode / metal / ceramic".
- the measuring device comprises a measuring electrode according to the invention (1 '), a reference electrode (2') (for example a said Redrod electrode) and a millivoltmeter with high input impedance (3 ').
- the measuring electrode is constituted by a tube closed at its lower part by a ceramic disc (6 ') according to the invention, a wire (9) of transition metal fixed to the ceramic by an adhesive (10) and connected with a millivoltmeter (3 ').
- a measurement electrode according to the invention is associated, in a measurement device, with a reference electrode, the sensitive element of which is a ceramic with a perovskite structure, which may have the same chemical composition as the element. active of the present reference electrode, but a different structure and specific surface.
- a reference electrode can be constructed in the form of a membrane electrode or in the "all solid" form, in the same way as the measurement electrode according to the invention.
- the ceramic membrane forming the reference electrode has a perovskite structure and exhibits the following properties: its composition corresponds to the formula L ⁇ 2/3) - ⁇ A '3 ⁇ ( ⁇ / 3) 3 -2 ⁇ E'0 , in which :
- L ' represents at least one element chosen from Sb, Bi, lanthanides and non-toxic and non-radioactive alkaline earth metals;
- E ' represents a transition metal which can be oxidized to the oxidation state +5, alone or associated with at least one other element chosen from Al and the transition metals which can be oxidized to the state +5 or +6 oxidation;
- * represents a gap; * 0.03 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.16; it consists of grains having a dimension of the order of 3 to 5 ⁇ m, said grains having an irregular parallelepipedic structure or an irregular octahedral structure; it has a specific surface of the order of 2,000 to 4,000 cm 2 / g.
- Such a ceramic can be obtained by a process consisting in preparing an initial powder of a ceramic having the composition L ' (2/3 ) - ⁇ A' 3x ( ⁇ / 3 ) - 2 ⁇ E'0 3 and of which at least 50% grains have a dimension greater than 18 ⁇ m, compacting the powder under a pressure of 251 to 500 Mpa, then sintering said compacted powder at a temperature between 1050 and 1350 ° C.
- the use of a measurement electrode, and possibly of a reference electrode comprising a ceramic membrane according to the invention has many advantages. Materials of the ceramic type do not present any danger in food or the environment. They have high thermal stability, up to 600 ° C. The cost of manufacturing the material itself and the electrodes, as well as maintaining the electrodes is low.
- the pH measuring devices in which the measuring electrode according to the invention is in the "all solid" configuration is particularly advantageous in environments requiring high temperatures and / or pressures, which is common in the 'food industry.
- Particular preference will be given to devices in which the reference electrode is also an electrode in the "all solid” configuration having a ceramic as an active element.
- the present invention is described in more detail below, with reference to the following examples which are given by way of illustration, but to which the invention is not limited.
- the specific surface and the grain size distribution of the different ceramic powders were determined using an LS laser granulometer from the company Coulter.
- the distribution of particle size is given in the tables in which the percentage of particles shown in a column is the percentage of grains having a dimension less than the value in the 2nd row of the same column.
- the powder was subjected to grinding in a Fritsch P7 planetary mill using zirconia beads in ethanol, for a period of 105 min.
- the specific surface of said powder is 28,392 cm 2 / g.
- the particle size distribution is given in Table 2. It is noted that 75% of the grains have a dimension of less than 3 ⁇ m. Table 2
- Said ground powder was subjected to compaction under a pressure of 488 Mpa.
- the compacted pellet formed was heated to raise its temperature by 5 ° C per min, to 1150 ° C and this temperature was maintained for 10 hours.
- FIG. 3 represents a photograph (magnification ⁇ 3000) with a Hitachi 2300 electron microscope of the sintered pellet.
- the grains have an octahedral geometry with well-drawn edges and homogeneous dimensions
- Sintered pellets obtained by the method of Example 1 were used as membranes of the measurement electrode of a pH measurement device as shown in FIG. 1.
- Thermostated solutions, the pH of which was determined at 1 using the measuring electrode according to the invention are solutions at different pHs sold by the company Carlo Erba.
- Measurements of variation of the potential difference (ddp) as a function of the variation of the pH were made on the one hand at 25 ° C, and on the other hand at 60 ° C, using a Redrod electrode from the company Radiometer as a reference electrode.
- FIG. 4 represents the variation of the ddp at 25 ° C. as a function of the variation of the pH of the medium, for 4 samples obtained according to the method described in example 1.
- FIG. 5 represents the variation of the ddp at 60 ° C. as a function of the variation of the pH of the medium, for 2 samples obtained according to the method of example 1.
- FIG. 6 represents the variations of the ddp as a function of time, when the electrodes are passed successively through various buffer solutions having different pHs, for an electrode comprising a ceramic membrane manufactured according to example 1, and for an electrode Radiometer XC100 glass from the company Radiometer.
- the curve in solid lines corresponds to the electrode of the invention.
- the dotted curve corresponds to the glass electrode.
- the time t is given in seconds on the abscissa axis
- the ddp with respect to a reference electrode E / Eref is given in mV on the ordinate axis. It appears that performances similar to those of the glass electrode can be obtained with the electrode of the invention which does not have the abovementioned drawbacks of the glass electrode.
- a sintered ceramic pellet was prepared by a process identical to that described in Example 1, only modifying the duration of the grinding of the initial powder before sintering. For a grinding time of 45 min, a powder was obtained whose specific surface is 21,361 cm 2 / g. The particle size distribution of said powder is given in Table 3. It is noted that 50% of the particles have a size less than about 3 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 The sintered pellet obtained according to a process similar to that of Example 1 was used to make a measuring electrode which was tested in a device similar to that of Example 2. Similar results were obtained.
- a pH measuring device has been produced in which the reference electrode and the pH indicator electrode comprise a ceramic with a perovskite structure as an active element.
- Each of the two electrodes is constituted by a glass tube closed at its lower part by a ceramic membrane, said tube contains a buffer solution, in which an internal electrode of the Pt / Hg / Hg 2 Cl 2 type is immersed.
- the ceramic is a sintered ceramic obtained by the method of Example 1.
- This powder was obtained by grinding a coarse-grained ceramic powder in a Retsch RM100 mortar mill for a period of 10 min. It is noted that 50% of the grains have a dimension less than 18.25 ⁇ m.
- said powder was subjected to compaction under a pressure of 251 Mpa; the compacted pellet formed was heated to raise its temperature from 25 ° C per min, to 1300 ° C and this temperature was maintained for 10 hours.
- FIG. 7 represents a photograph (magnification ⁇ 3000) with a Hitachi 2300 electron microscope of the sintered pellet. The presence of poorly crystallized grains is noted, the size of which is of the order of 3 ⁇ m for the smallest and 5 ⁇ m for the largest. We observe the presence of gaps between the grains.
- the measuring device was tested by immersing the two electrodes, connected to a high input impedance millivoltmeter, successively in solutions at pH 4, pH 7, pH 10 and again at pH 4.
- the variation of the ddp and of the temperature over time as a function of the placement of the electrodes in the different solutions is represented in FIG. 8.
- the upper curve represents the variation of the ddp (expressed in mV) as a function of time according to the pH.
- the bottom curve represents the variation of temperature T (expressed in ° C) as a function of time t
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0210730A FR2843959B1 (fr) | 2002-08-29 | 2002-08-29 | Ceramique a structure perovskite, son utilisation comme electrode de mesure de ph |
| FR0210730 | 2002-08-29 | ||
| PCT/FR2003/002562 WO2004020360A1 (fr) | 2002-08-29 | 2003-08-22 | Ceramique a structure perovskite, son utilisation comme electrode de mesure ph. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1532083A1 true EP1532083A1 (fr) | 2005-05-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03758260A Withdrawn EP1532083A1 (fr) | 2002-08-29 | 2003-08-22 | Ceramique a structure perovskite, son utilisation comme electrode de mesure ph. |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1532083A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2003274273A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2843959B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2004020360A1 (fr) |
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| FR2928001B1 (fr) * | 2008-02-27 | 2012-11-16 | Geoservices Equipements | Dispositif de mesure de la concentration des ions sulfure dans un fluide issu d'un puits et installation associee. |
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| WO1989010813A1 (fr) * | 1988-05-13 | 1989-11-16 | Research Corporation Technologies, Inc. | Materiau d'electrode ceramique utilise dans la fabrication de dispositifs electriques |
| JP3838284B2 (ja) * | 1996-10-11 | 2006-10-25 | 株式会社ジーエス・ユアサコーポレーション | 非水電解質二次電池 |
-
2002
- 2002-08-29 FR FR0210730A patent/FR2843959B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-08-22 EP EP03758260A patent/EP1532083A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-08-22 AU AU2003274273A patent/AU2003274273A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-22 WO PCT/FR2003/002562 patent/WO2004020360A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| CHANG WAN BAN, GYEONG MAN CHOI: "The effect of sintering on the grain boundary conductivbity of lithium lanthanum titanates", SOLID STATE IONICS, vol. 140, no. 3-4, 17 December 2000 (2000-12-17), pages 285 - 292, XP004240074, DOI: doi:10.1016/S0167-2738(01)00821-9 * |
| J.-G. KIM, H.-G. KIM, H.-T.CHUNG: "Microstructure-ionic conductivity relationships in perovskite lithium lanthanum titanate", JOURNAL OF MATERIAL SCIENCE LETTERS, vol. 18, no. 6, 31 December 1999 (1999-12-31), pages 493 - 496, XP000853023, ISSN: 0261-8028, DOI: doi:10.1023/A:1006606817633 * |
| O. BOHNKE, C. BOHNKE, J.L. FOURQUET: "Mechanism of ionic conductivity and electrochemical intercalation of lithium into the perovskite lanthanum lithium titanate", SOLID STATE IONICS, vol. 91, no. 1-2, 21 June 1996 (1996-06-21), pages 21 - 31, DOI: 10.1016/S0167-2738(96)00434-1 * |
| SAMUEL J. SCHNEIDER, JR. (VOLUME CHAIRMAN): "CERAMICS AND GLASSES", vol. 4, 1 January 1992, ASM INTERNATIONAL, US, ISBN: 0-87170-282-7 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003274273A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 |
| FR2843959B1 (fr) | 2006-01-20 |
| FR2843959A1 (fr) | 2004-03-05 |
| WO2004020360A1 (fr) | 2004-03-11 |
| AU2003274273A8 (en) | 2004-03-19 |
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