EP1525997A1 - Blanket on a roller and printing units of a printing machine equipped with the roller - Google Patents

Abstract

The elevator on the surface of a roll (02) has one or more elastic and/or compressible layers (06) with a radial elasticity module of less than 50 N/mm2> and with surface pressure (P) dependent on the printing pressure (S). This layer is arranged so that the pressure dependence has a rise of less than 500 (N/cm2>)/mm.

Description

The invention relates to elevators on a roller and printing units of a printing press with the roller according to the preamble of claim 1, 2 or 3 or 21, 23 or 46.

From DE 691 07 317 T2 a printing blanket is known, which consists of several layers and in extreme cases has a total thickness of 0.55 to 3.65 mm. The Modulus of elasticity of cellular rubber layers is between 0.2 and 50 MPa or 0.1 to 25 MPa. Due to the special construction of the printing blanket and the properties of the Layers a blanket is achieved, which, when pressed together, not to lateral displacement or protuberance tends.

DE 19 40 852 A1 discloses a printing blanket for offset printing, which has a total thickness of approximately 1.9 mm. A shear modulus as stress at 0.25 mm deformation is given at approximately 4.6, 1.9 and 8.23 kg / cm ² in the case of a thickness of the printing blanket. The goal here is to achieve a rapid recovery after a depression and a narrow thickness tolerance.

CH 426 903 A discloses an offset printing blanket, wherein usual indentation depths of 0 to 0.1 mm are present. An increase in the indentation from 0.05 to 0.1 mm requires or has a consequence in the surface pressure of about 20.6 N / cm ² . That is, in this range for the indentation depth and surface pressures of up to about 40 N / cm ^{2 there} would be a linearized "spring characteristic" with a slope of about 412 N / cm ² / mm.

Also in CH 467 169 A offset printing blankets are described with Eindrücktiefen from 0 to 0.1 mm, the linearized "spring characteristics" in the said range have a slope of, for example, 496 N / cm ² / mm.

EP 1 208 997 A1 discloses a printing blanket for offset applications, preferably for Printing surface structured substrates such as corrugated board. By a Overall thickness of 2.0 mm, especially between 2.5 - 3mm, and a compressible Intermediate layer of a thickness of 1 to 2 mm is the adaptation of the outer layer the surface profile of the printing material (eg corrugated cardboard) is possible.

EP 1 078 777 A2 discloses a rubber blanket sleeve with a compressible elastomer layer whose compression is in the range between 7% and 15% at 100 N / m ² load.

For the transfer of paint or other fluids between two rollers one Printing machine is, for. B. in the inking and / or dampening unit and in particular in the offset method between printing cylinders, regularly soft on the material combination resorted. The required for the color transfer surface pressure is through Impressing a yielding, z. B. elastomeric layer (soft elastomeric cover / elevator, Blanket, metal blanket, sleeve) on a cooperating roller with largely incompressible and non-elastic surface area achieved.

For the smooth transition of the fluid is given in narrow ranges Anstellkraft and their constancy an essential criterion. Join now fluctuations at a distance of the cooperating rollers, z. B. imbalance or interference When unrolling the rollers induced vibrations, so the contact force changes (Surface pressure) and thus also the transmission behavior for the fluid. In places interrupted or reduced contact, e.g. at the plate or Blanket clamping channel, thus, for example, reduces periodically Surface pressure resulting in a vibration excitation of the printing cylinder results. in the This is reflected in the change in color intensity in the area of printing technology Printed image. If, for example, the contact force has become permanent due to external conditions changed (long-wave interference), so there is a risk of too pale or too color intensive printed product until the time of a correction (waste). Changes the contact force dynamic by vibrations (short-wave interference) so expresses this in the formation of visible stripes in the printed product.

The invention is based on the object, an elevator for or on a roller, as well Printing units of a printing press, in particular paper-printing press, too create. In particular, u.a. a sensitivity to Cylinder vibration and / or channel bumps caused disturbances in the contact pressure, and so that the resulting from the printing system disadvantages in color transfer minimized become.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1, 2 or 3 or 21, 23 or 46 solved.

The achievable with the present invention consist in particular that a lower sensitivity to changes or fluctuations in the Anstellkraft (surface pressure) is achieved, and thus a high quality of Print product is easier to reach and can be maintained. By special elevators, an optimized design of the cylinder and their arrangement can the influence of the cylinder movements on the color transfer be reduced. In a Particularly favorable embodiment with narrow points interrupted or reduced contact also reduces the vibration excitation itself.

The transfer of the fluid is by the execution of the elevator and / or the Arrangement of the rollers to each other significantly less affected by vibrations. The same applies z. B. also for induced by process changes disorders (Speed, changing material thickness of a web, hiring / stopping another Rollers), for deviations due to inaccuracies in the delivery (Stops, finite rigidity, manufacturing tolerances) as well as changes in the Lift strength due to wear (long-wave) and / or incomplete regression after Passing through the nip point (shortwave or longwave).

This is achieved, in particular, by the elevator being designed in such a way or the roller being designed with a corresponding elevator that a dependence of the resulting surface pressure on variation of the indentation is considerably flatter than usual. A spring characteristic, ie a slope in the dependence of the surface pressure of the indentation is at least in an advantageous range for the indentation in pressure-on position highest 700 (N / cm ² ) / mm. Favorable are less than 400 (N / cm ² ) / mm.

An advantageous range of relative depression of the elevator in the operating state (Pressure on position) is z. B. between 10% and 25% between form and Carrying cylinder and 25% to 35% between transfer cylinder and paper. Especially However, depending on the nature of the two co-acting rollers different Areas for relative indentation are preferred for optimal results With regard to the required transition of the fluid while at the same time as small as possible Influence of fluctuations.

The surface pressure varies in pressure-on position in an advantageous embodiment highest in a range between 60 and 220 N / cm ² , or different sub-ranges for fluids, eg. As printing inks, with greatly different rheological properties and / or different printing processes. In one variant, the surface pressure varies in even lower work areas (eg 40 to 60 or 80 N / cm ² , or even 25 to 40 N / cm ² , in each case in conjunction with the stated slope). In particular, in the specified work areas or sub-areas, the curve should meet the condition of the said slope.

The width of the contact zone created by the pressing of the rollers in the nip has been i. d. R. kept as small as possible. A broadened nipple brings one higher line force and thus a greater static deflection with it. This Disadvantage is the elevator of the invention or the arrangement, however overcompensated. The insertion of the elevator is e.g. at least 0.18 mm, in one advantageous embodiment with min. 0.25 mm. The resulting width of the nip is z. B. in an advantageous embodiment at least 10 mm, in particular larger or equal to 12 mm. This can be achieved a favorable surface pressure.

In the event that a vibration caused by a disturbance, for. As an interruption on one of the lateral surfaces of the rollers acting directly or via a web can be induced by the execution of the elevator and / or the arrangement of the Rolling each other and the excitation of this vibration or its amplitude be reduced. This is especially true for an embodiment wherein a width of the Interruption in the circumferential direction at most in the ratio 1: 3 to that by the Pressing resulting width of the nip (impression strip) is.

In general, the elevator or the layer allows the use slimmer or even longer impression cylinder, d. H. one opposite the diameter large length of the Cylinder.

The substrate is - in contrast to textile or inferior packaging printing - preferably paper with low strength, eg. B. at most 0.2 mm, which has a macroscopically substantially unstructured, flat surface. These are, for example, papers with a basis weight of 8 to 150 g / m ² , in particular 30 to 80 g / m ² . The surface can be uncoated (natural papers) or with small coating weights of up to 25 g / m ² , in particular as for mass applications in web offset from 5 to 20 g / m ² coating weight. With regard to the printing technology is newspaper or commercial printing, in particular higher-quality web offset printing with registration requirements of at most 30 .mu.m, in particular at most 15 .mu.m, deviation, whereas, for example, in corrugated board printing usually much larger tolerances can be accepted.

Particularly advantageous is the use in web-fed rotary printing presses, wherein z. B. a Form cylinder and / or transfer cylinder on the circumference by the impact of lifts - z. B. channel for receiving elevator ends - is interrupted. Consideration can this advantageously in a tuned to the cylinder (circumference and / or channel width) Dimensioning of the layer and / or Druckbeistellung or width of the contact zone Find.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are in described in more detail below.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of the line force between two rollers below Use of a conventional elevator;

Fig. 2

a schematic representation of the line force between two rollers below Use of a lift according to the invention;

Fig. 3

Measured surface pressure with variation of the insertion;

Fig. 4

Exemplary embodiment of a printing unit;

Fig. 5

Exemplary embodiment of a printing unit;

Fig. 6

Exemplary embodiment of a printing unit;

Fig. 7

Exemplary embodiment of a printing unit;

Fig. 8

Schematic representation of a lift with carrier layer.

A printing machine, z. B. for newspaper or commercial printing, in particular a web-fed rotary printing press, has rollers 01 rolling against each other; 02, which in the region of their touch a nip 03, z. B. a nip 03, form. In the case of the printing press, rolls 01; 02 an inking unit, a coating unit, or cylinder 01; 02 be a printing unit. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the cylinder 01; 02 is a forme cylinder 01 with an effective diameter D _wPZ and a transfer cylinder 02 of an offset printing unit which _interacts with a printing material, in particular paper ( _{see above} ), printing ink on the printing material.

One of the cylinders 01; 02, z. B. the transfer cylinder 02, has on the lateral surface of a substantially incompressible, non-elastic core 04 with a diameter D _GZK an elevator 05 or coating 05 with a soft, elastomeric layer 06 of a thickness t (or sum corresponding to effective layers) on. A total thickness T of the elevator 05 is z. B. from the thickness t of the layer 06 and a thickness of an optionally associated with the layer 06 is substantially incompressible, inelastic support layer 10, for example, a metal plate (shown by way of example in Fig. 8) together. If the elevator 05 has no additional carrier layer 10, then the thickness t corresponds to the total thickness T. The layer 06 can be constructed as an inhomogeneous layer 06 of multiple layers, which in total have the required property for the layer 06. Core 04 and elevator 05 or coating 05 together form an effective diameter D _{wGZ of} the transfer _cylinder 02. The effective diameter D _{wPZ is} determined by the effective for rolling lateral surface of the forme cylinder 01 and optionally includes an applied on the outer surface of a main body 07 elevator 08, z. B. a printing plate 08. The cylinder 01 hard surface can also be designed as acting together with the transfer cylinder 02 impression cylinder 01. However, the embodiment of the layer 06 set forth below is not dependent on the design of the rollers 01; 02 as a transfer and forme cylinder 01; 02 or bound to the execution with a printing plate 08.

Depending on the provision of the two cylinders 01; 02, d. H. their center distance A, "dips" the largely incompressible, non - elastic outer surface of the Form cylinder 01 in the soft layer 06 and causes the undisturbed Course of the layer 06 a depression S. Due to the restoring forces leads a fluctuating or changing depression S i. d. R. to a fluctuating or changing surface pressure P in the nip 03 and causes the o. g. Problems in the quality of color transfer and ultimately in the printed product.

In Fig. 1, a profile for a surface pressure P in the nip of the two rollers 01 and 02 is shown schematically. The surface pressure P extends over the entire area of the contact zone, wherein it reaches a maximum surface pressure P _max at standstill at the level of a connecting plane V of the axes of rotation. This shifts in production to the incoming gap side due to the viscous force component. In projection onto a plane E perpendicular to the connection plane V, the contact zone and thus the profile has a width B. The maximum surface pressure P _max is ultimately responsible for the color transfer and adjust accordingly.

Compared to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 shows schematically the profile of the surface pressure P in the case of a larger indentation S, which simultaneously causes a broadening of the width B. If, nevertheless, the maximum surface pressure _{Pmax be} achieved, the integration of the surface pressure P over the entire width B leads to an increase in a force between the two rollers 01; 02.

The absolute height of the surface pressure P in the nip 03 and their variation in the variation of the indentation S is largely determined by a spring characteristic of the layer 06 or the elevator 05 used with the layer 06. The spring characteristic represents the surface pressure P as a function of the indentation S. FIG. 3 shows by way of example some spring characteristics of conventional elevators 05, in particular blankets 05 with a corresponding layer 06. The curves of FIG. 3 are determined by way of example on a quasi-static stamp test bench in the laboratory with the following results:
The measuring arrangement includes a stamp which is movable perpendicular to the stamp surface and has a flat planar surface of a stamp face A = 400 mm ² and an anvil with a planar, flat surface parallel to the stamp surface. The area is much larger than stamp area. The Ambos is immobile and stiff (compared to the sample considered). The sample, here the elevator 05 or the layer 06 is arranged between the stamp surface and the anvil surface.

For the measurement is now a load cycle, the stamp with a continuously increasing force function F (t) = 0 ... F _max , here in the form of a "sawtooth" as a force-time curve, loaded in the direction of blanket and then again with a continuous, slowly decreasing force function is relieved. The cycle frequencies are usually in the range 0.1... 1 Hz, in the example 0.5 Hz. The force F (t) applied by the stamp to the blanket surface - a measure of the surface pressure P - and thus due to the finite blanket Stiffness associated punch movement x (t) - a measure of the indentation S - is recorded metrologically as a function of time. There are now about 100 pre-cycles, without measurement, performed during which the blanket possibly slightly incident. Immediately thereafter, it is then measured for 1 to 50, here 5 cycles.

The curves obtained for the load x (t) and F (t) are calculated as elimination of time F (x) applied. The same procedure is used for the curves for the unloading. After division through the stamp face p (x) = F (x) / face represent the two won Dependencies for loading and unloading the loading or unloading load - if necessary with a hysteresis - the spring characteristics. The cycles thus obtained are for the Result averaged. For the information given below and the illustration in Fig. 3 is the Loaded arm.

The values determined in this way are subject to greater or lesser variations than the true material constant (without edge effects), depending on the measuring arrangement and measuring method. Due to edge effects, the measured values are usually slightly higher than the actual material constants (borderline case of infinitely large sample, stamp and anvil surface). These deviations are for example in the range of a few% (eg <10%, in particular <5% for the above-mentioned and customary arrangements) and can generally be estimated in their size. Due to this fact (small and possibly estimable errors), the values listed below should be considered as absolute errors for the material constant "surface pressure". Measurement values subject to measurement errors would then have to be adjusted accordingly or, conversely, the ug absolute data for the surface pressure and the slope, eg for a smaller stamp area of A = 100 mm ^2, increased by up to 15% in order to make them comparable to pure measured values. Measured values of different arrangements are usually approximately extrapolatable towards the value of the material constant. The surface pressures specified below as the intrinsic size, ie as the material constant absolute (or also as erroneous measured value) preferably apply to printing conditions of 20 ° to 35 ° C., for example, in particular at a test temperature of 25 ° C., and normal ambient pressure (eg 1013 mbar).

From Fig. 3 it can be seen that a slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of the spring characteristic determines the fluctuation in the surface pressure P when the depression S (for example, when oscillating) changes. In the case of a variation ΔS of the indentation by an average indentation value S, the magnitude of a fluctuation ΔP of the required maximum surface pressure P _max in the nip 03 about the average surface pressure P is approximately proportional to the slope ΔP / ΔS of the spring characteristics at the point S. For example, FIG a lift a (FIG. 3) a reduction of the indentation S from -0.16 mm to -0.14 mm on the surface pressure P by a reduction of approximately 50 N / cm ² , and a reduction of the indentation S of -0, 11 mm to -0.09 mm on the surface pressure P by reducing by about 25 N / cm ² off. An elevator b has a lower pitch.

Lifts 05, which as a whole or whose layer 06 as such has a large pitch ΔP / ΔS, in particular in the range of the required maximum surface pressure P _max in the pressure-relevant area, are referred to below as "hard", those with a small pitch ΔP / ΔS referred to as "soft".

The elevator 05 or the layer 06 is now called "soft" elevator 05 or "soft" Layer 06 executed. Opposite a "hard" elevator 05 or a hard layer 06 performs a same relative movements of the rollers 01; 02 (or change of the distance A ) Thus, in a soft elevator 05 to a smaller change in the surface pressure P and thus to a reduction in the fluctuations in the color transfer. The soft elevator 05 thus causes a lower sensitivity of the printing process Vibrations and / or deviations at intervals from a setpoint. By minor changes in the surface pressure P due to relative movements of the rollers 01; 02 are z. B. vibration strip in the printed product in soft elevators 05 or with Elevators 05 with soft layer 06 visible only at higher vibration amplitudes.

The surface pressure varies in pressure-on position in an advantageous embodiment highest in a range between 60 and 220 N / cm ² . For fluids, e.g. As printing inks, with very different rheological properties, different areas within the above-mentioned area for the surface pressure may be preferred. Thus, the range for the wet offset (color and dampening) z. B. between 60 and 120 N / cm ² , in particular from 80 to 100 N / cm ² , while in the case of dry offset (no dampening solution, only paint on form cylinder) z. B. between 100 and 220 N / cm ² , in particular 120 to 180 N / cm ² . Especially in these areas, the slope should meet the condition on the slope.

The pressure-relevant area for the surface pressure P _max is in a first advantageous embodiment between 60 to 220 N / cm ² . For fluids, e.g. As printing inks, with very different rheological properties, different areas within the above-mentioned area for the surface pressure may be preferred. Thus, the range for the wet offset z. B. between 60 and 120 N / cm ² , in particular from 80 to 100 N / cm ² (shaded in Fig. 3 and marked with area I), while in the case of dry offset z. B. between 100 and 220 N / cm ² , in particular from 120 to 180 N / cm ² varies. Thus, in an advantageous embodiment, a soft elevator 05 (or its layer 06) at least in the range of 80 to 100 N / cm ^2, a slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of z. B. ΔP / ΔS <700 (N / cm ² ) / mm, especially ΔP / ΔS <500 (N / cm ² ) / mm, in particular less than 400 (N / cm ² ) / mm. The slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S should be smaller in the area concerned for the surface pressure P by at least a factor of two than is currently the case for elevators 05 in offset printing.

In a -. B. in terms of durability advantageous - variant (especially for the wet offset), a pressure-relevant area, for example, between 40 - 60 N / cm ² (in Fig. 3 marked with area II) is selected. The blanket 05 or the layer (s) 06 is in this case designed such that at least in a (test or working) region of the surface pressure P of 40-60 N / cm ^2, a pitch of less than 350 (N / cm ² ) / mm, in particular at most 300 (N / cm ² ) / mm, in a special embodiment even highest 200 (N / cm ² ) / mm or in the entire larger range of 40 - 80 N / cm ² at least less than 400 (N / cm ² ) / mm). The characterization of the blanket 22 in this work area can be used alone or in addition to the above characterization in the areas mentioned, so that the blanket 22 is characterized by several support points. In a corresponding operating situation, the transfer cylinder 02 is equipped with such an elevator and with a pressure for a resulting surface pressure P of 40-60 N / cm ² with the cooperating cylinder, ie with the forme cylinder 01 or the pressure point with forming impression cylinder to each other hired.

In a further variant, the work area is even selected with only one surface pressure P of 25-40 N / cm ² (marked with area III in FIG. 3), the layer 06 or the soft elevator then being placed in a (testing or Working area) of the surface pressure P of 25-40 N / cm ^{2 should} only have a slope of only at most 200 (N / cm ² ) / mm, in particular at most 150 (N / cm ² ) / mm. The areas mentioned for the surface pressure I; II; III can represent both preferred working areas with respect to employment but also test areas for the layer 06 or the blanket 05. It is advantageous if, for a specific work area intended for employment, the test area used for the characterization corresponds to the work area.

In an advantageous embodiment, as schematically indicated in Fig. 2, the layer 06 a greater strength t or the elevator 05 a greater total strength T than before usual on. The strength t the in terms of elasticity or compressibility functional layer 06 is, for example, 1.3 to 6.3 mm, especially 1.7 to 5.0 mm, in particular more than 1.9 mm. In addition, if necessary, the strength of one or more u. U. connected to the layer 06 (or more layers 06), essentially incompressible and inelastic layers on the side facing the core 04, which with the layer 06 for the purpose of dimensional and / or dimensional stability are connected (not shown). In addition, here referred to as inelastic Support layers (eg tissue), for example in the area of the surface of the elevator 05 come. The functional not for the "softness" of the elevator, but for the Form stability effective carrier layer 10 or carrier layers 10 or support layers can also be arranged between the "soft" layers. she can for example, designed as metal, in particular stainless steel sheet, about 0.1 to 0.3 mm be strong. As a fabric, this can vary depending on the design of the elevator 05 from 0.1 to 0.6 mm thick. The specified thickness t of the layer 06 refers in the case of several Layers of layers 06 on the sum of the functional for the above Characteristic (dependence surface pressure / indentation) and the elasticity or Compressibility competent "sublayers". An elevator 05 then has, for example together with carrier layer (s) 10 the total thickness T from 2.0 to 6.5 mm, especially 2.3 to 5.9 mm.

The elastic layer 06 or its thickness t is understood as meaning the layer 06 or the sum of the layers 06 whose material has a modulus of elasticity in the radial direction of less than 50 N / mm ² . In contrast, the layers possibly provided for support (fabric) or dimensional stability (support) have significantly greater modulus of elasticity, e.g. B. greater than 70, in particular greater than 100 N / mm ² or even greater 300 N / mm ² . At least one partial layer of the layer 06, referred to here as an elastic layer, is made of porous material in an advantageous embodiment.

The elastic layer 06 may also include a cover layer 15 indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 8, the modulus of elasticity of which in the radial direction is less than 50 N / mm ² . As a rule, a cover layer serves to form a closed surface and in this case contributes to the formation of "softness". In other cases, cover layers larger elastic modulus, z. B. greater than 70 N / mm ² , in particular greater than 100 N / mm ² or even greater than 300 N / mm ² used, and then for this reason are not attributed to the elastic and / or compressible layer 06 here.

The "soft" elevator 05 (or layer 06) is preferably operated with a higher indentation S in comparison to conventional indentations S (shown schematically in FIG. 2 in comparison to FIG. 1), ie the two rollers 01; 02 are related to their respective effective but undisturbed diameter D _wGZ , D _wPZ further hired. As a result, an optimal maximum surface pressure P _{max is} achieved despite a smaller pitch .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S. The employment of the rollers 01; 02 together takes place in an advantageous embodiment such that the indentation S to at least 0.18 mm, z. B. to 0.18 to 0.60 or even to 0.80 mm, in particular 0.25 to 0.50 or even to 70 mm, amounts.

The slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of the spring characteristic is in an advantageous embodiment, at least in an area for the indentation of 0.22 to 0.38 mm less than 500 (N / cm ² ) / mm, in particular even less than 250 (N / cm ² ) / mm. In addition to the above-mentioned or in another advantageous embodiment (another working range) taken separately, the slope or the differential quotient ΔP / ΔS is less than 125 (N / cm) at least in an indentation range of 0.30 to 0.50 mm ² ) / mm.

A relative indentation S *, d. H. which relates to the thickness t of the layer 06 Indentation S, lies z. B. without taking into account the special design of the rollers 01; 02 z. B. between 10% and 40%, preferably at least 10% and 35%, in particular however, between 13% and 35%, at least between 13% and 30%.

A resulting by indentation S of the layer 06 width B of the contact zone in a projection perpendicular to a joint plane V of their axes of rotation is advantageously at least 5%, in particular at least 7% of the undisturbed effective diameter D _wGz the roller 02 with layer 06 in Nipp with the forme cylinder 01, and at least 7%, in particular at least 9%, of the undisturbed effective diameter D _{wGz of} the roller 02 with layer 06 in the _{nip of} the _{nip traversed} by the web 13 with a counterpressure cylinder forming the pressure point (eg a second transfer cylinder 14).

As described above, the design and / or arrangement of the "soft" elevator is 05 particularly advantageous if one of the two co-acting rollers 01; 02 (or also both) at least one interference affecting the unwinding 09; 11 on her having effective lateral surface. This disorder 09; 11 can as a break 09; 11 an axially extending shock 09; 11 two ends of one or more elevators 05; 08 be. In particular, the malfunction 09; 11, however, by one or more axially extending channel 09; 11 for fixing ends of one or more elevators 05; 08 caused. This channel 09; 11 has an opening towards the lateral surface, through which the ends are guided. Inside, the channel 09; 11 a device for clamping and / or tensioning the elevator 05; 08 or the elevators 05; 08 exhibit.

When rolling over the channel 09; 11 and the channels 09; 11 become vibrations stimulated. Is a width B09; B11 of the channel 09; 11 seen in the circumferential direction larger is carried out as the width B of the contact zone, so when passing the channel 09; 11 excited an oscillation with increased amplitude, since due to the o. G. larger Width B of the contact zone a greater line force between the two rollers 01; 02 works. Nevertheless, the increase in vibration amplitudes is due to the higher Line force less than the decrease in the sensitivity to vibration due to the softness the layer 06, so that an overall reduction in sensitivity Vibrations results.

Of particular advantage is the width B09; B11 of the channel 09; 11 smaller to choose as the width B of the contact zone. In this case, at least always be based Areas of the cooperating lateral surfaces in the contact zone from one another, it also results in a reduction in height and a flatter course (Broadening of the momentum) for the force of the stroke stimulation. Softer lifts 05 or softer layers 06 lead in narrow channels 09 11 thus to a Attenuation and a temporal extension of the channel strike.

In the case of the transfer cylinder 02 ends of a metal blanket in the channel 11 be arranged. The layer 06 is in this case on a dimensionally stable support, z. As a thin metal plate (a plate), applied, the folded ends in the Channel 11 are arranged. The channel 11 can then be extremely narrow in the circumferential direction, z. B. less than or equal to 5 mm, in particular less than or equal to 3 mm. Also in the case of the forme cylinder 01, the channel 09 is in an advantageous embodiment with a Width in the circumferential direction is less than or equal to 5 mm, in particular less than or equal to 3 mm, executed.

Conversely, smaller by compared to the usual jobs larger Touch zone (footprint width) the allowable ratio B09: B or B11: B. Particularly advantageous is an embodiment, wherein the width B09; B11 of the channel 09; 11 in the region of its opening or mouth to the lateral surface of the core 04 or Main body 07 in the circumferential direction at most in the ratio 1: 3 to that by the Pressing resulting width B of the contact zone (impression strip) is.

The soft layer 06 preferably has a relation to more commonly used Materials on a reduced damping constant, so despite the due to the higher indentation S occurring during unwinding higher load and Relief speeds no higher heat is generated. Likewise, the must Layer 06 be designed such that a sufficiently fast regression or -spring after passing through the nip 03 or the Nipps with the Form cylinder 01 takes place in the starting position, so that, for example, at next contact with a roller or cylinder or again the Output strength is present.

In Fig. 4 and 5 is an advantageously configured with the layer 06, as so-called double printing unit 12 executed printing unit 12 shown. The forme cylinder 01 associated transfer cylinder 02 of a first cylinder pair 01; 02 works over a printing material 13, z. B. a web 13 with a likewise as a transfer cylinder 14 executed impression cylinder 14 together, which also has a forme cylinder 16 is assigned. All four cylinders 01; 02; 14; 16 are different Drive motors 17 mechanically independently driven (Fig. 4). In a Modification are forming and transfer cylinders 01; 02; 14; 16 in pairs coupled by a paired drive motor 17 (on the forme cylinder 01, 16, on Transfer cylinder 02; 14 or parallel) (FIG. 5).

The form cylinder 01; 16 and the transfer cylinder 02; 14 are in a first embodiment (Example 1) as a cylinder 01; 02; 14; 16 double circumference, ie with a circumference of substantially two stationary printed pages, in particular of two newspaper pages executed. They are with effective diameters D _wGZ ; D _{wPZ made} between 260 to 400 mm, in particular 280 to 350 mm. On the lateral surface of the core 04, the transfer cylinder 02; 14 in each case at least one elevator 05 a total thickness T from 2.0 to 6.5 mm, in particular from 2.3 to 5.9 mm. The slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of the spring characteristic is at least in the pressure-relevant area (see above) below 700 (N / cm ² ) mm, in particular below 500 (N / cm ² ) mm. Shaping and transfer cylinder 01; 02; 14; 16 are set in pairs in such a way that the width B of the contact zone between the forming and transfer cylinders 01; 02; 14; 16 in Anstellage 10 to 25 mm, in particular 12 to 21 mm. For the nip of the two transfer cylinders 02; 14 applies - especially in the case of smoother, z. B. coated papers - for the advantageous width of the contact zone z. B. 14 to 35 mm, in particular 17 to 21 mm. This configuration largely minimizes the sensitivity to vibration and inexact positioning while maintaining high print quality. The individual drives by the drive motor 17 support this by the mechanical decoupling.

In a second embodiment, not shown (example 2), the forme cylinders 01; 16 and the transfer cylinder 02; 14 as a cylinder 01; 02; 14; 16 simple circumference, ie with a circumference of substantially a standing pressure side, especially from a newspaper page executed. They are with effective diameters D _wGZ ; D _{wPZ running} between 150 to 190 mm. On the lateral surface of the core 04, the transfer cylinder 02; 11 each at least one elevator 05 a total thickness T from 2.0 to 6.5 mm, in particular from 2.3 to 5.9 mm. The slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of the spring characteristic is at least in the pressure-relevant area (see above) again below 700 (N / cm ² ) mm, in particular below 500 (N / cm ² ) mm. Shaping and transfer cylinder 01; 02; 14; 16 are set in pairs in such a way that the width B of the contact zone between the forming and transfer cylinders 01; 02; 14; 16 in Anstellage 7 to 18 mm, in particular 9 to 15 mm. For the nip of the two transfer cylinders 02; 14 applies - especially in the case of smoother, z. B. coated papers - for the advantageous width of the contact zone z. B. 10 to 25 mm, in particular 14 to 19 mm.

In a third embodiment, not shown (example 3), the forme cylinders 01; 16 as a cylinder 01; 16 simple circumference with effective diameters D _wPZ between 150 to 190 mm, and the transfer _cylinder 02; 14 as a cylinder 02; 14 double circumference with effective diameters D _wGZ between 260 to 400 mm, in particular 280 to 350 mm executed. On the lateral surface of the core 04, the transfer cylinder 02; 14 each at least one elevator 05 a total thickness T from 2.0 to 6.5 mm, in particular from 2.3 to 5.9 mm. The slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of the spring characteristic is at least in the pressure-relevant area (see above) again below 700 (N / cm ² ) mm, in particular below 500 (N / cm ² ) mm. Shaping and transfer cylinder 01; 02; 14; 16 are set in pairs in such a way that the width B of the contact zone between the forming and transfer cylinders 01; 02; 14; 16 in Anstellage 8 to 20 mm, in particular 9 to 17 mm. For the nip of the two transfer cylinders 02; 14 applies - especially in the case of smoother, z. B. coated papers - for the advantageous width of the contact zone z. B. again 14 to 35 mm, in particular 17 to 21 mm.

In the case of printing rougher papers, d. H. for example, uncoated Newsprint or uncoated satin natural paper for web offset printing, are the mentioned limits for the three preceding embodiments of To increase double printing units in each case by at least 2 mm, preferably by 3 mm.

In Fig. 6 and 7, a printing unit 19 is shown, which is either part of a larger Printing unit, such. B. a five-cylinder, nine-cylinder or ten-cylinder printing unit, is, or is operable as a three-cylinder printing unit 19. The transfer cylinder 02 acts here with a no ink leading cylinder 18, z. B. a counter-pressure cylinder 18 as in particular a satellite cylinder 18, together. The "soft" lateral surface the transfer cylinder 02 now acts with the "hard" lateral surface of the forme cylinder 01 on the one side, and with the "hard" lateral surface of the satellite cylinder 18 the other side together. In one embodiment (FIG. 6) with at least independently driven transmission 02 and satellite cylinder 18 points the or more satellite cylinder 18 has its own drive motor 17, while the Pair of forming and transfer cylinders 01; 02 mechanically coupled by a common drive motor (Fig. 6), or in each case by its own Drive motor 17 are mechanically driven independently of each other (Fig. 7).

Form cylinder 01, transfer cylinder 02 and satellite cylinder 18 are in a first embodiment (Example 4) for Figure 6 or 7 as a cylinder 01; 02; 18 double circumference with effective diameters D _wGZ ; D _wPZ ; D _{wSZ made} between 260 to 400 mm, especially 280 to 350 mm. On the lateral surface of the core 04, the transfer cylinder 02; 11 each at least one elevator 05 a total thickness T from 2.0 to 6.5 mm, in particular from 2.3 to 5.9 mm. The slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of the spring characteristic is at least in the pressure-relevant area (see above) below 700 (Ncm ² /) mm, in particular below 500 (Ncm ² /) mm. Shaping and transfer cylinder 01; 02 and transfer cylinder 02; and satellite cylinders 18 are each paired in such a position that the width B of the contact zone in Anstellage each 10 to 25 mm, in particular 12 to 21 mm. This applies - especially for smooth papers (see above) - eg both for the Nipp between transfer and forme cylinder 02; 01 and those between transmission and satellite cylinder 02; 18. For rough paper (see above), increase the width B in the transmission satellite cylinder knob by at least 2 mm, preferably by 3 mm.

In a second embodiment (Example 5) for Fig. 6 or 7 are forme cylinder 01, transfer cylinder 02 and satellite cylinder 18 as a cylinder 01; 02; 18 simple circumference, ie with a circumference of substantially a standing pressure side, in particular from a newspaper page executed. They are with effective diameters D _wGZ ; D _wPZ ; D _{wSZ performed} between 120 to 180 mm, in particular 130 to 170 mm. On the lateral surface of the core 04, the transfer cylinder 02; 11 each at least one elevator 05 a total thickness T from 2.0 to 6.5 mm, in particular from 2.3 to 5.9 mm. The slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of the spring characteristic is at least in the pressure-relevant area (see above) again below 700 (N / cm ² ) mm, in particular below 500 (N / cm ² ) mm. Shaping and transfer cylinder 01; 02 and transfer cylinder 02; and satellite cylinders 18 are each paired in such a position that the width B of the contact zone in Anstellage each 7 to 18 mm, in particular 9 to 15 mm. This applies - especially for smooth papers (see above) - eg both for the Nipp between transfer and forme cylinder 02; 01 and those between transmission and satellite cylinder 02; 18. For rough paper (see above), increase the width B in the transmission satellite cylinder knob by at least 2 mm, preferably by 3 mm.

For an embodiment not shown (Example 6) for Fig. 6 or 7 are Transfer cylinder 02 and satellite cylinder 18 as a cylinder 01; 02; 18 double Scope, d. H. with a circumference of substantially two standing printed pages, especially newspaper pages, and the forme cylinder 01 executed with a simple scope. Here, the jobs are to be selected in such an advantageous manner that in the Nipp between form and transfer cylinders 01, 02, the widths B from the o.g. Not shown third embodiment (Example 3) of the double printing, are achieved while for the Nippstelle between transmission and satellite cylinders 02, 18 the one of the first embodiment (Example 4) to FIGS. 6 and 7 are to be applied.

For another embodiment not shown (example 7) for Fig. 6 or 7 are Formund Transfer cylinder 01; 02 as a cylinder 01; 02; 18 simple size, d. H. With a circumference of substantially a stationary pressure side, in particular Newspaper page, and carried out the satellite cylinder 18 with double the circumference. in this connection are to choose the employment in such an advantageous manner that in the Nipp between Form and transfer cylinders 01, 02 the widths B from the o.g. second Embodiment (Example 2) of the double printing unit can be achieved while for the Nip between transmission and satellite cylinders 02, 18 that of the second Embodiment (Example 5) to the figures 6 and 7 are to be applied.

In addition, the changes implied by the greater softness (larger Indentation S, changed handling behavior, greater strength t or T) at the To consider conception of the printing press. A printing press that with soft and stronger elevators 05 or layers 06 works thus has z. Changed, esp. Increased cylinder undercuts (unwinding, cloth thickness) as well as altered Clearances when switching on or off (cloth thickness, indentation). For this are also larger Zylinderverstellwege required for pressure-off position (larger depression).

The aforementioned elevator 05 or the layer 06 is z. B. in a printing unit with a or several long but slim cylinders 01; 02; 14; 16 arranged.

Thus, the forme cylinder 01; 16 and the transfer cylinder 02; 14 z. B. in the region of their bales each have a length which four or more widths of a printed page, z. B. a newspaper page, z. B. 1100 to 1,800 mm, in particular 1,500 to 1,700 mm corresponds. The diameter D _wGZ ; D _wPZ at least of the _forme cylinder 01; 16 is z. B. 150 to 190 mm, in particular 145 to 185 mm, which corresponds in scope substantially a length of a newspaper page ("single circumference"). Also for other sizes, the device is advantageous in which the ratio between the diameter and length of the cylinder 01, 02; 14; 16; 18 is less than or equal to 0.16, in particular less than 0.12, or even less than or equal to 0.08.

In another embodiment of the printing unit, the length of the bale of the forming and transfer cylinder 01; 02; 14; 16 z. B. 1,850 to 2,400 mm, in particular 1,900 to 2,300 mm and is in the axial direction for receiving z. B. dimensioned at least six juxtaposed standing printed pages in broadsheet format. The diameter of at least the forme cylinder 01; 16 is z. B. at 260 to 400 mm, in particular at 260 to 340 mm, which corresponds in scope substantially two lengths of a newspaper page ("double circumference"). A ratio of the diameter D _wGZ ; D _wPZ at least of the _forme cylinder 01; 16 to its length here is 0.11 to 0.17, in particular 0.13 to 0.16.

01

Walze, Zylinder, Formzylinder, Gegendruckzylinder

02

Walze, Zylinder, Übertragungszylinder

03

Walzenspalt, Wippstelle

04

Kern

05

Aufzug, Überzug, Drucktuch

06

Schicht

07

Grundkörper

08

Aufzug, Druckform

09

Störung, Kanal

10

Trägerschicht

11

Störung, Kanal

12

Druckeinheit, Doppeldruckwerk

13

Bedruckstoff, Bahn

14

Walze, Zylinder, Übertragungszylinder, Gegendruckzylinder

15

Deckschicht

16

Walze, Zylinder, Formzylinder

17

Antriebsmotor

18

Walze, Zylinder, Gegendruckzylinder, Satellitenzylinder

19

Druckeinheit, Dreizylinder-Druckeinheit

a

Aufzug

A

Achsabstand

b

Aufzug

B

Breite, Berührungszone

B09

Breite

B11

Breite

D_wGZ

Durchmesser

D_wPZ

Durchmesser

D_wSZ

Durchmesser

E

Ebene

P

Flächenpressung

P_max

Flächenpressung, maximale

t

Stärke (06)

T

Gesamtstärke (05)

S

Eindrückung

S*

Eindrückung, relative

V

Verbindungsebene

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01

Roller, cylinder, forme cylinder, impression cylinder

02

Roller, cylinder, transfer cylinder

03

Nip, rocker point

04

core

05

Elevator, cover, blanket

06

layer

07

body

08

Elevator, printing form

09

Fault, channel

10

backing

11

Fault, channel

12

Printing unit, double printing unit

13

Substrate, web

14

Roller, cylinder, transfer cylinder, impression cylinder

15

topcoat

16

Roller, cylinder, forme cylinder

17

drive motor

18

Roller, cylinder, impression cylinder, satellite cylinder

19

Printing unit, three-cylinder printing unit

a

elevator

A

Wheelbase

b

elevator

B

Width, touch zone

B09

width

B11

width

D _wGZ

diameter

D _wPZ

diameter

D _wsz

diameter

e

level

P

surface pressure

P _max

Surface pressure, maximum

t

Strength (06)

T

Overall strength (05)

S

depression

S *

Indentation, relative

V

connecting plane

Claims (60)

Elevator on a lateral surface of a roller (02, 14), which has at least one elastically and / or compressibly effective layer (06) with a surface pressure (P) dependent on a depression (S), characterized in that the elevator (05) has a or more elastically and / or compressibly effective layers (06) having a modulus of elasticity in the radial direction of the roller (02; 14) of less than 50 N / mm ² , this effective layer (06) or these effective layers (06) in Sum has a dependence of the surface pressure (P) of the indentation (S), the slope (ΔP / ΔS) at least in an entire working range for the surface pressure of 40 to 60 N / cm ² less than 400 (N / cm ² ) / mm is. Elevator on a lateral surface of a roller (02, 14), which has at least one elastically and / or compressibly effective layer (06) with a surface pressure (P) dependent on a depression (S), characterized in that the elevator (05) has a or more elastically and / or compressibly effective layers (06) having a modulus of elasticity in the radial direction of the roller (02; 14) of less than 50 N / mm ² , this effective layer (06) or these effective layers (06) in Sum has a dependence of the surface pressure (P) of the indentation (S) whose slope (.DELTA.P / .DELTA.S) at least in an entire working range for the surface pressure of 25 to 40 N / cm ² less than 200 (N / cm ² ) / mm is. Elevator on a lateral surface of a roller (02, 14), which has at least one elastically and / or compressibly effective layer (06) with a surface pressure (P) dependent on a depression (S), characterized in that the elevator (05) has a or more elastically and / or compressibly effective layers (06) having a modulus of elasticity in the radial direction of the roller (02; 14) of less than 50 N / mm ² , this effective layer (06) or these effective layers (06) in Sum has a dependence of the surface pressure (P) of the indentation (S), the slope (ΔP / ΔS) at least in an operating point for the surface pressure of 100 N / cm ² less than 500 (N / cm ² ) / mm. Elevator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the slope (ΔP / ΔS) in the dependence of the surface pressure (P) of the indentation (S) in the working area for the surface pressure of 100 N / cm ² less than 700 (N / cm ² ) / mm. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the slope (ΔP / ΔS) in the dependence of the surface pressure (P) of the indentation (S) in the working area for the surface pressure of 100 N / cm ² less than 400 (N / cm ² ) / mm. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the slope (ΔP / ΔS) in the dependence of the surface pressure (P) of the indentation (S) in a total second working range of 40 to 80 N / cm ² less than 400 (N / cm ² ) / mm. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the slope (ΔP / ΔS) in the dependence of the surface pressure (P) of the indentation (S) in a whole further working range of 40 to 60 N / cm ² less than 300 (N / cm ² ) / mm, in particular less than 200 (N / cm ² ) / mm is formed. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the slope (ΔP / ΔS) in the dependence of the surface pressure (P) of the indentation (S) in a whole further working range of 25 to 40 N / cm ² less than 200 (N / cm ² ) / mm, in particular less than 150 (N / cm ² ) / mm is formed. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the slope (.DELTA.P / .DELTA.S) when using the elevator in wet offset, ie it is used color and fountain solution, at least in the working range for the surface pressure of 80 to 100 N / cm ² smaller than 500 (N / cm ² ) / mm, especially less than 400 (N / cm ² ) / mm. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the slope (.DELTA.P / .DELTA.S) when using the elevator in dry offset, ie only inking and no dampening solution, at least in the working range for the surface pressure of 120 to 150 N / cm ² less than 800 (N / cm ² ) / mm, especially less than 600 (N / cm ² ) / mm. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the slope (ΔP / ΔS) when using the elevator in dry offset, ie only paint and no dampening solution, at least in the working range for surface pressures of 150 to 180 N / cm ² less than 1000 (N / cm ² ) / mm, in particular less than 800 (N / cm ² ) / mm. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the pitch (ΔP / ΔS) is less than 500 (N / cm ² ) / mm at least in an indentation range of 0.22 to 0.38 mm. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the differential quotient (ΔP / ΔS) is less than 250 (N / cm ² ) / mm, at least in an indentation range of 0.22 to 0.38 mm. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the differential quotient (ΔP / ΔS) is less than 125 (N / cm ² ) / mm, at least in a range for the indentation of 0.30 to 0.50 mm. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the layer (06) or a sum of effective layers (06) has or have a thickness (t) of at least 1.60 mm. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the layer (06) or a sum of effective layers (06) has or have a thickness (t) of more than 1.90 mm, in particular more than 2.2 mm , Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it is designed as a detachable elevator (05). Elevator according to claim 17, characterized in that the elevator is multi-layered and in addition to the layer (06) has a firmly attached to this, substantially dimensionally stable carrier layer 10. Elevator according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that it has a total thickness (T) of at least 2.00 mm. Elevator according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that it has a total thickness (T) of more than 2.3 mm, in particular more than 2.5 mm. A printing unit having at least two rollers (01, 02, 14, 16, 18) which act together in an abutment position, one of the rollers (01, 02, 14, 16, 18) being in the form of a transfer cylinder (02; Jacket surface has a lift (05) with at least one elastic and / or compressible layer (06), characterized in that the elevator (05) one or more elastically and / or compressively effective layers (06) having a modulus of elasticity in the radial direction of the roller (02, 14) of less than 50 N / mm ² and that the two rollers (01, 02) are arranged in Anstellage so relative to each other that a by depression (S) of the layer (06) resulting width (B) of a Contact zone between the two rollers (01, 02) perpendicular to a connecting plane (V) of their axes of rotation in the nip (03) is at least 5% of an undisturbed effective diameter (D _wGZ ) of the roller (02) with the layer (06). Printing unit according to claim 21, characterized in that the absolute indentation (S) is at least 0.18 mm. Printing unit having at least two rollers (01, 02, 14, 16, 18) which act together in an abutment position, one of the rollers (01, 02, 14, 16, 18) being in the form of a transfer cylinder (02, 14) in the region of its lateral surface an elevator (05) with an elastic and / or compressible layer (06), characterized in that the elevator (05) has one or more elastically and / or compressibly effective layers (06) with a modulus of elasticity in the radial direction of the roller (02 14) of less than 50 N / mm ² , the layer (06) or a sum of effective layers (06) has a thickness (t) of at least 1.60 mm, and in that the transfer cylinder (02; 14) and the other roller (01; 16; 18) are arranged in contact position relative to one another such that a depression (S) of the layer (06) by a substantially incompressible and non-elastic outer surface of the other roller (01; 16; in the nip (03) is at least 0.18 mm. Printing unit according to claim 21 or 23, characterized in that the elevator (05) is designed according to one or more of claims 1 to 19. Printing unit according to Claim 21 or 23, characterized in that the contact zone between the two rollers (01; 02) resulting from indentation (S) of the layer (06) has at least one width perpendicular to a connecting plane (V) of its axes of rotation in the nip (03) (B) of 10 mm. Printing unit according to Claim 21 or 23, characterized in that the roller (01; 16) which cooperates with the transfer cylinder (02; 14) is designed as a forme cylinder (01; 16). Printing unit according to Claim 21 or 23, characterized in that the roller (18) which cooperates with the transfer cylinder (02; 14) is designed as a satellite cylinder (18). Printing unit according to Claim 21 or 23, characterized in that at least one of the two rollers (01; 02; 14; 16) has at least one disturbance (09; 11) influencing the unwinding on its lateral surface. Printing unit according to Claim 26, characterized in that the roller (01; 16) which cooperates with the roller (02; 14) having the layer (06) has at least one disturbance (09) influencing the unwinding on its lateral surface, which passes through an opening an axially extending channel (09) or a plurality of axially extending openings for attachment of ends of one or more elevators (05) is caused. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3 or printing unit according to claim 21 or 23, characterized in that the roller (02; 14) comprising the layer (06) has at least one disturbance (09; 11) influencing the unrolling on its lateral surface which is caused by an opening of an axially extending channel (11) or a plurality of axially extending openings for attachment of ends of one or more elevators (05). Printing unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the disturbance (09, 11) is caused by an opening of an axially extending channel (09, 11) or a plurality of axially extending openings for fastening ends of one or more elevators (05, 08). Printing unit according to Claim 21 or 23 and one of Claims 29, 30 or 31, characterized in that a width (B) of a contact zone between the two rollers (01, 02) in the nip (12) resulting from indentation (S) of the layer (06) ( 03) perpendicular to a connecting plane (V) of its axes of rotation to a width (B09; B11) of the channel (09; 11) in the region of its opening to the lateral surface in the circumferential direction at least in the ratio 3: 1. Printing unit according to Claim 29, 30 or 31, characterized in that the width (B09; B11) of the channel (09; 11) in the region of its opening to the lateral surface in the circumferential direction is at most 5 mm. Printing unit according to Claim 26, characterized in that the shaping and transfer cylinders (01; 02; 14; 16) are mechanically coupled by a common drive motor (17). Printing unit according to Claim 26, characterized in that the shaping and transfer cylinders (01, 02, 14, 16) are in the form of a cylinder pair (01, 02, 14, 16) mechanically independent of one or more further cylinder pairs (01, 02, 14, 16). or a satellite cylinder (18) are driven. Printing unit according to Claim 26, characterized in that the shaping and transfer cylinders (01, 02, 14, 16) are each driven mechanically independently by their own drive motor (17). Printing unit according to Claim 26 or 35, characterized in that the satellite cylinder (18) has its own drive motor (17) which is mechanically independent of further cylinders (01; 02; 14; 16). Printing unit according to claim 21 or 23, characterized in that at least the transfer cylinder (02; 14) is designed with a circumference of substantially two stationary printed pages in the newspaper format. Printing unit according to Claim 21 or 23, characterized in that the rollers (01; 02; 14; 16; 18) each have a length in the region of their bale which corresponds to at least five, in particular at least six, widths of a printed page in the newspaper format. Printing unit according to Claim 26, characterized in that at least the forme cylinder (01; 16) is designed with a circumference of essentially one stationary printed page in the newspaper format. Printing unit according to Claim 21 or 23, characterized in that the rollers (01; 02; 14; 16; 18) each have a length in the region of their bale which corresponds to at least three, in particular at least four, widths of a printed page in the newspaper format. Printing unit according to claim 26, characterized in that a ratio between effective diameter and length of at least the forme cylinder (01; 16) is less than or equal to 0.16. Printing unit according to Claim 21 or 23, characterized in that the two rollers (01; 02; 14; 16; 18) are set against one another in the setting position during operation with a surface pressure in the range from 25 to 40 N / cm ² . Printing unit according to claim 21 or 23, characterized in that the two rollers (01, 02, 14, 16, 18) in the inoperative position during operation with a surface pressure in the range of 40 to 80 N / cm ² , in particular 40 to 80 N / cm ² , are hired together. Printing unit according to Claim 21 or 23, characterized in that the two rollers (01, 02, 14, 16, 18) in the inoperative position during operation have a surface pressure in the range of 80 to 120 N / cm ² , in particular 80 to 100 N / cm ² , are hired together. A printing unit having at least two rollers (01, 02, 14, 16, 18) acting together in an abutment position, wherein at least one of the rollers (01, 02, 14, 16, 18) has at least one opening of an axially extending channel (09 11) for fastening at least one end of one or more elevators (05; 08) and one of the rollers (01; 02; 14; 16; 18) has at least one elastic and / or compressible layer (06) in the region of its lateral surface, and wherein in contact position by indentation (S) of the layer (06) a contact zone between the two rollers (01, 02) is formed with a resulting width (B) perpendicular to a connecting plane (V) of their axes of rotation, characterized , the least one elastic and / or compressively effective layers (06) has a modulus of elasticity in the radial direction of the roller (02; 14) of less than 50 N / mm ² , and in that a width (B09; B11) of the channel (09; Opening to the lateral surface in Umf Approach to the width (B) of the contact zone highest in the ratio 1: 3 stands. Elevator according to claim 15 or 16 or printing unit according to claim 24, characterized in that as thickness (t) of the layer (06) in the radial direction only the layer is taken into account, which has a modulus of elasticity less than 50 N / mm ² . Elevator according to claim 15 or 16 or printing unit according to claim 24, characterized in that as the thickness (t) of the layer (06) in the radial direction, the sum of the thicknesses of only layers is considered, which have a modulus of elasticity less than 50 N / mm ² . Elevator according to claim 47 or 48, characterized in that the elastic and / or compressible layer (06) includes a voided layer having a modulus of elasticity less than 50 N / mm ² . Elevator according to claim 47 or 48, characterized in that the elastic and / or compressible layer (06) has a pore-containing layer with a modulus of elasticity less than 50 N / mm ² and a different layer of the porous layer with a modulus of elasticity less than 50 N / mm ² has. Elevator according to claim 47 or 48, characterized in that the elevator in addition to the elastic and / or compressible layer (06) with a modulus of elasticity less than 50 N / mm ² for supporting and / or transfer purposes a different layer of the porous layer (15) having a modulus of elasticity greater than 100 N / mm ² , in particular greater than 300 N / mm ² . Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3 or printing unit according to claim 21, 23 or 46, characterized in that the roller (02, 14) comprising the layer (06) is arranged to cooperate with a printing material web (03) during operation. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3 or printing unit according to claim 21, 23 or 46, characterized in that the roller (02, 14) comprising the layer (06) is arranged to cooperate with a printing material formed as a paper during operation. Elevator or printing unit according to claim 53, characterized in that the paper with a basis weight of 8 to 150 g / m ² , in particular 30 to 80 g / m ^{2 is} formed. Elevator or printing unit according to claim 53, characterized in that a surface of the paper is uncoated or with small coating weights up to 25 g / m ² , in particular from 5 to 20 g / m ² coating weight, is executed. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3 or printing unit according to claim 21, 23 or 46, characterized in that the elevator (05) is designed as a metal blanket with a carrier layer (10) made of metal, in particular a stainless steel sheet. Elevator according to claim 56, characterized in that the thickness of the metallic carrier layer (10) is 0.1 to 0.3 mm. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3 or printing unit according to claim 21, 23 or 46, characterized in that the elevator (05) is arranged in the printing unit of a newspaper printing press. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3 or printing unit according to claim 21, 23 or 46, characterized in that the elevator (05) is arranged in the printing unit of a commercial printing press. Elevator according to claim 1, 2 or 3 or printing unit according to claim 21, 23 or 46, characterized in that the elevator (05) is arranged in the printing unit of a web-fed rotary printing press.

Images