EP1501915A1 - VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON C sb 4 /sb -C sb 12 /sb -FETTSÄUREN - Google Patents
VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON C sb 4 /sb -C sb 12 /sb -FETTSÄURENInfo
- Publication number
- EP1501915A1 EP1501915A1 EP03722564A EP03722564A EP1501915A1 EP 1501915 A1 EP1501915 A1 EP 1501915A1 EP 03722564 A EP03722564 A EP 03722564A EP 03722564 A EP03722564 A EP 03722564A EP 1501915 A1 EP1501915 A1 EP 1501915A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hydrolysis
- fatty acid
- reaction
- acid methyl
- methanol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 claims description 41
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 241001661345 Moesziomyces antarcticus Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 108090000371 Esterases Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000223257 Thermomyces Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000588986 Alcaligenes Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000589513 Burkholderia cepacia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000146387 Chromobacterium viscosum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000589540 Pseudomonas fluorescens Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000235403 Rhizomucor miehei Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000588264 Rhizopus javanicus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000005384 Rhizopus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013752 Rhizopus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000179532 [Candida] cylindracea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 48
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004666 short chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 9
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 108010093096 Immobilized Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011942 biocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021391 short chain fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000588881 Chromobacterium Species 0.000 description 2
- 101710098556 Lipase A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101710099648 Lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester hydrolase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100026001 Lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester hydrolase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000235402 Rhizomucor Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000235527 Rhizopus Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011020 pilot scale process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588810 Alcaligenes sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011138 biotechnological process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007073 chemical hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6409—Fatty acids
- C12P7/6418—Fatty acids by hydrolysis of fatty acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of oleochemical raw materials and relates to a biotechnological process for the production of short-chain fatty acids from the corresponding methyl esters.
- fatty acid methyl esters with different chain length distributions are produced.
- preliminary fatty acid methyl esters are formed, which are different mixtures of C 4 to C 12 methyl esters and are often used directly in further transesterification reactions.
- the resulting derivatives are of poor quality due to the impure raw material.
- the fatty acid methyl esters are therefore first split and the fatty acids released are then esterified.
- the chemical hydrolysis takes place in the presence of acidic catalysts, such as, for example, alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, known from international application WO 94/14743.
- the process therefore results in the formation of sulfuric acid, which leads to massive corrosion in the systems and contaminates the products with high metal contents.
- the yield of these processes is not yet optimal. Another problem is the environmentally friendly disposal of the catalysts.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide an improved process for the production of short-chain fatty acids from their methyl esters, which reliably avoids the disadvantages of the prior art mentioned.
- the fatty acids should be obtained in high purity and high yields and the process should operate under mild conditions. Description of the invention
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of C 4 -C 12 fatty acids, in which
- the hydrolysis of the fatty acid methyl esters is preferably carried out at mild temperatures in the range from 20 to 80 ° C., preferably 30 to 70 ° C. and particularly preferably 35 to 60 ° C. with continuous removal of methanol under vacuum, the preferred temperature being the optimum activity of the enzymes used is specified.
- the lipases and / or esterases are usually used in free or immobilized form.
- Suitable enzymes which are not intended to be limiting, are lipases and / or esterases of microorganisms selected from the group formed by Alcaligenes, Aspergillus niger, Candida antarctica A, Candida antarctica B, Candida cylindracea, Chromobacterium viscosum, Rhizomucor miehei, Penicilium camenberti, Penicilium roqueforti, Porcine pancreas, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizopus javanicus, Rhizopus oryzae, Thermomyces lanugenosus (see Example 1).
- Lipases and esterases from the organisms Alcaligenes, Candida, Chromobacterium, Rhizomucor, Pseudomonas, Rhizopus and Thermomyces are preferred.
- the enzymes are usually used as dilute suspensions or aqueous concentrates.
- the lipases / esterases can also be used immobilized on carrier material and reused in repeated batches.
- a batch mode of operation is suitable as the hydrolysis method, in which a constant water content is usually set in the range of 30-70% by weight in the reactor by metering in water.
- the reaction is usually carried out at a temperature of 30-50 ° C. and below 100 mbar, preferably 50 to 70 mbar (Examples 2, 3, 4 and 6).
- Another suitable method is a batch hydrolysis process in which water is fed in continuously and a methanol / water is permanently stripped off. With this procedure, the water content in the reactor is usually low (0-20% by weight). The reaction is usually carried out at a temperature of 50-70 ° C. and below 100 mbar, preferably 50 to 70 mbar (Examples 7 and 8).
- Examples of less suitable methods are methanol removal in a separate reaction vessel (Example 9) and methanol removal via a dephlegmator or e.g. Falling film evaporators (Example 10), in which the organic and aqueous phases are continuously returned to the hydrolysis reactor.
- An example of the temporal separation of methanol removal and hydrolysis is described in Examples 11 and 12. A multi-stage process according to this scheme leads to lower yields of short-chain fatty acids.
- the aqueous / alcoholic phase is separated from the organic phase and the latter is worked up, i.e. unreacted methyl ester removed from the product of value.
- the reaction can be stopped early, for example in the range of a conversion of 60% by weight, so that the subsequent separation of fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters by distillation must take place. However, it can also only be at over 90% by weight, preferably above 95 % By weight are ended, or even continued up to 99% by weight, so that, as in the latter case, no subsequent separation is necessary.
- the removal of the unreacted methyl ester is preferably carried out in a distillation column with packed internals, it having proven advantageous to feed the feed between the lifting and stripping sections of the column. At temperatures in the range from 70 to 100 ° C.
- the methyl esters are taken off at the top of the column and can be returned to the reaction.
- Shorter-chain fatty acids and low-boiling impurities can be sucked off via the pump and released into the exhaust air, which is why a subsequent condensation is recommended.
- the resulting fatty acids have a purity of at least 95% by weight.
- lipases and esterase tested have a hydrolysis activity of short-chain fatty acid methyl esters.
- lipases and esterases from the organisms Alcaligenes, Candida, Chromobacterium, Rhizomucor, Pseudomonas, Rhizopus and Thermomyces are preferred.
- Candida antarctica B lipase (Novozym 525, Novozymes), which was previously adsorbed on polypropylene carrier, is used for the stability analysis. Investigations are carried out at room temperature, 50 ° C, 60 ° C and 70 ° C. For this purpose, the immobilized lipases are stirred in a mixture of short-chain fatty acid methyl esters (mixture of C6-C10 fatty acids, 50% by weight) and water (50% by weight) until a reaction equilibrium is established. The immobilized enzyme is filtered off at intervals (see table Results) and fresh fatty acid methyl ester and water are added. The respective hydrolysis rate is determined.
- the half-life of the enzyme is about 12 weeks at 50 ° C, about 10 weeks at 60 ° C, about 1 week at 70 ° C and over 16 weeks at room temperature.
- reaction mixture 25 kg of water, 20 kg of fatty acid methylate Edenor Me C 6 - 10 and 2.5 kg of immobilized novozyme (Candida antarctica B lipase, novo zymes are adsorbed on polypropylene carrier, enzyme load 200 mg technical liquid preparation per g Carrier).
- the reaction is carried out at an internal reactor temperature of 45 ° C. and a vacuum of 60 mbar.
- the stirrer speed is set to 150 rpm. Since a methanol / water distillate is obtained under the conditions mentioned, continuous water must be metered into the batch so that the reactor filling volume remains constant over the course of time.
- the reaction mixture is discharged from the kettle, the immobilized enzyme being retained in the reactor via a built-in sieve.
- the immobilized enzyme shows no loss of activity in the selected parameters, which was correlated with the degree of conversion.
- the hydrolysis reaction is significantly slower than with a continuous methanol withdrawal directly from the reaction flask.
- fatty acid methyl ester 7.5 g of fatty acid methyl ester, 12.5 g of water and 0.1 g of Lipolase (Thermomyces Lipase, Novozymes) are reacted in a stirred vessel at room temperature. After 18 h, 26 h and 41 h, the water phase is separated by separation from the organic phase. se removed. 12.5 g of water and 0.1 g of Lipolase are added after each phase change.
- Lipolase Thermomyces Lipase, Novozymes
- the second hydrolyzate which contained 67.1 fatty acid and 30.8% by weight of unreacted methyl ester, was again separated into an aqueous / alcoholic and an organic phase by centrifugation. The latter was placed between a lifting and stripping section in a rectification column with packed internals and distilled at 85 ° C. and 20 mbar. After 6 h, during which shorter-chain and low-boiling impurities were sucked off via the pump, a C 8 fatty acid with a purity of greater than 95% by weight was obtained.
- Example 4 describes a hydrolysis process with continuous removal of methanol at a constant water content in the reactor.
- Example 7 describes a hydrolysis process with continuous removal of methanol, in which water is continuously stripped from the reaction vessel.
- the water content in the reaction vessel is low
- Example 9 describes a hydrolysis process with continuous methanol removal, in which the methanol removal and the hydrolysis reaction are spatially separated.
- Example 10 describes an alternative hydrolysis process with continuous methanol removal, in which the methanol removal and the hydrolysis reaction are spatially separated.
- Example 11 describes a hydrolysis process without continuous removal of methanol under vacuum, in which methanol is removed from the equilibrium by separating the aqueous phase.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10220525 | 2002-05-08 | ||
| DE10220525A DE10220525A1 (de) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-05-08 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von C4-C12-Fettsäuren |
| PCT/EP2003/004440 WO2003095596A1 (de) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-04-29 | Verfahren zur herstellung von c4-c12-fettsäuren |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1501915A1 true EP1501915A1 (de) | 2005-02-02 |
Family
ID=29265145
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03722564A Withdrawn EP1501915A1 (de) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-04-29 | VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON C sb 4 /sb -C sb 12 /sb -FETTSÄUREN |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060057689A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1501915A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2005524759A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2003229744A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10220525A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003095596A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10332151A1 (de) * | 2003-07-15 | 2005-02-03 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Carbonsäure-Metallseifen |
| DE102004019472A1 (de) * | 2004-04-22 | 2005-11-17 | Bayer Healthcare Ag | Phenylacetamide |
| UA97127C2 (uk) * | 2006-12-06 | 2012-01-10 | Бандж Ойлз, Инк. | Спосіб безперервної ферментативної обробки композиції, що містить ліпід, та система для його здійснення |
| DE102007027371A1 (de) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | Cognis Oleochemicals Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbindung aufweisend mindestens eine Ester-Gruppe |
| US10577527B2 (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2020-03-03 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Waste vegetable oil-based emulsifier for invert emulsion drilling fluid |
| WO2020060948A1 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-26 | Levadura Biotechnology, Inc. | Production of cannabinoids in yeast using a fatty acid feedstock |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5273898A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1993-12-28 | Noro Nordisk A/S | Thermally stable and positionally non-specific lipase isolated from Candida |
| JPH0638777A (ja) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-02-15 | Kao Corp | 脂肪酸の製造方法 |
| ES2122228T3 (es) * | 1992-12-22 | 1998-12-16 | Procter & Gamble | Hidrolisis de esteres metilicos para la produccion de acidos grasos. |
| DE10161274A1 (de) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-06-26 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von C4-C12-Fettsäuren |
-
2002
- 2002-05-08 DE DE10220525A patent/DE10220525A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-04-29 EP EP03722564A patent/EP1501915A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-04-29 US US10/513,812 patent/US20060057689A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-29 WO PCT/EP2003/004440 patent/WO2003095596A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-04-29 JP JP2004503590A patent/JP2005524759A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-04-29 AU AU2003229744A patent/AU2003229744A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03095596A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003229744A1 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
| WO2003095596A1 (de) | 2003-11-20 |
| DE10220525A1 (de) | 2003-11-20 |
| US20060057689A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
| JP2005524759A (ja) | 2005-08-18 |
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Inventor name: SCHOERKEN, ULRICH Inventor name: BOTH, SABINE Inventor name: WEISS, ALBRECHT Inventor name: FIEG, GEORG Inventor name: MROZEK, INGOMAR Inventor name: KLEIN, NORBERT Inventor name: OTTO, RALF Inventor name: MEYER, CAROLIN Inventor name: YUEKSEL, LEVENT |
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| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
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