EP1494827B1 - Device for the plastic deformation of work pieces - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for the deformation of workpieces, in particular for the plastic shaping of pipe ends, with a shaping unit actuated by the pressure of a fluid and with a prestressing unit arranged on a common longitudinal axis and actuated by the pressure of a fluid and also with clamping elements of conical design which can be clamped by means of the prestressing unit, in each case at least one separate pressure space being designed in the shaping unit and in the prestressing unit, which space can be pressurized independently of the pressure space of the other unit in each case. In this connection, the shaping unit and the prestressing unit are interconnected but completely closed off in relation to one another.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for deforming workpieces, in particular for the plastic forming of pipe ends, with a pressure-actuated by a fluid forming unit and arranged on a common longitudinal axis actuated by the pressure of a fluid biasing unit and with conical, by means of the biasing unit tensionable clamping elements, wherein in the forming unit and in the biasing unit in each case at least one separate pressure chamber is formed, which is pressurizable independently of the pressure chamber of the respective other unit.

Devices for the plastic forming of pipe ends are known in various designs. In the simplest form, they are only executed with a forming cylinder, ie without additional clamping cylinder. Conical halves of clamping jaws used as clamping elements are pressed by manual operation in a conical counter-plate and thus slightly biased before the initiation of the forming process. This method is not process-safe in tube forming in which an exact axial positioning of the tube is required, since it can lead to slippage of the tube through the clamping jaws. Furthermore, this method is not user-friendly, since some manual operations must be performed, which consist of laying the jaws around the pipe to insert the jaws with pipe in the device; pre-tension the jaws in the cone plate and release the jaws from the tube after forming.

Furthermore, devices of the prior art, in which a separate clamping cylinder is arranged at 90 ° to the forming cylinder. The clamping elements are usually cuboid, two parts (not conical) running. Such a design is characterized by high ease of use, since the jaws on the clamping cylinder are moved automatically. The disadvantage, however, is that the hydraulic clamping system must be designed for very high clamping forces, since during the forming process, no reinforcement of the clamping force, for example via a cone system, so that is selected as the usual interpretation for the clamping force 1.5 times the value of the forming force. Therefore, this design leads to high weight, large installation space, high equipment costs and low cycle times when clamping the tube.

From the German Utility Model DE 94 10 419 U1 a device for the plastic forming of tube ends is known, which is a combination of the above-described forming devices, ie a system with arranged at 90 ° to the forming cylinder separate clamping cylinder and conical jaws. In this device, the tube is biased with little force over the clamping cylinder. The preload force is then amplified at the initiation of the forming process via cylinder and the cone system. The disadvantage, however, is that during the forming process, the full forming force on the biasing cylinder back, yes is even amplified over a very flat running cone angle by a multiple. The entire clamping system must therefore be designed for very high forces despite the low biasing force, which leads to high weight, large installation space and high costs.

DE 195 11 447 A1 describes a device of the type mentioned for forming the end portion of a tube for use in screw. In this known device forming and biasing cylinders are arranged coaxially with each other. The preloading piston is designed as an annular piston and sits on the piston rod of the forming piston. The tube is preloaded via the preload piston and conical jaws. During the forming process, the clamping force is amplified by the introduced force of the forming piston. In this design, the interlocking pistons and the surrounding housing parts must be exactly aligned with each other to ensure function and tightness of the machine. Therefore, the design manufacturing technology is very complicated and expensive. In addition, the rear, conical housing part must be completely removed for tool change. Since this junction must transmit the full forming force, a quick release at this point is hardly feasible. This leads to high Tool changing times. The tool change is complicated and not user-friendly because of the poor accessibility. Due to the closed housing construction and the prestressing ring piston, the forming area is completely covered. An optical monitoring of the forming process by the operator is therefore not possible.

Similarly, the circumstances of the subject matter of the German patent DE 100 40 596 C1 or the German patent application DE 100 40 595 A1 relating to the associated method or also in WO 02/13992 A1, DE 100 40 596 and DE 100 40 595 declining. The forming device described in these documents corresponds in basic construction of the device described in DE 195 11 447 A1. In detail, a device for forming an end region of a workpiece, in particular for cold-press forming a Rohrendbereichs, described, wherein a first hydrodynamically actuated force transmission element for clamping the workpiece and a second hydrodynamically actuated force transmission element, by the force of which the deformation is achieved, are provided. The power transmission elements are coaxially guided and arranged in one and the same housing. A first pressure chamber connected to a first pressure connection is arranged between the first force transmission element and the second force transmission element, while a second pressure space connected to a second pressure connection is assigned to the second force transmission element such that the introduction of a pressure medium acts on the second force transmission element in the tensioning and deformation direction , In this case, during the advancement of the second force transmission element for clamping the workpiece, the pressure of the enclosed in the first pressure chamber pressure medium is maintained by blocking the first pressure port and released on reaching a preset pressure, the pressure medium from the first pressure chamber, so that in standing in the clamping position of the first power transmission element second power transmission element for forming the workpiece relative to the first force transmission element is displaceable, and - after the forming of the end portion of the workpiece by re-introducing pressure medium into the first pressure chamber, the second power transmission element and then by means of a separate drive the first power transmission element are moved back to their original positions. The known device shows thus also respectively the features of the preamble of claim 1 and 17. The biasing piston is designed as an annular piston and is seated on the piston rod of the forming. The tube is biased by the biasing piston and the conical jaws, wherein during the forming process, the clamping force is amplified by the introduced force of the forming piston. In this design, the interlocking pistons and the surrounding housing parts must be exactly aligned with each other to ensure function and tightness of the machine. Therefore, the design manufacturing technology is very complicated and expensive. Summarized thus result in the same disadvantages, such as high manufacturing complexity, complex tool changes and correspondingly long tool change times and the impossibility to take an optical monitoring of the forming process, as in the two devices mentioned above. In addition, since the pressure applied to the forming of the fluid acts on the pressure chamber serving to bias the tube, a pressure relief valve designed as a pressure relief valve must be provided therein.

The present invention has for its object to provide a device for deforming workpieces, in particular for the plastic forming of pipe ends, of the type mentioned, which is characterized by high functionality, compact dimensions and low weight by a reduced equipment and manufacturing effort. Furthermore, the device according to the invention should also have an increased user-friendliness by allowing a simple and rapid tool change as well as an optical monitoring of the forming process by the operator.

According to the invention this is achieved by a device of the type mentioned, in which between the forming unit and the biasing unit at least one transverse to the longitudinal axis wall is arranged on the forming unit and the biasing unit as units both connected to each other and completely against each other.

In another formulation, the technical solution according to the invention can also be expressed so that in a device of the generic type that the forming unit and the bias unit as separate units on the common The longitudinal axis are arranged one behind the other, wherein both the forming unit and the biasing unit, each comprising a cylinder and a piston movable therein with full-area cross-section and wherein on the one hand the cylinder of the forming unit with the cylinder or the piston of the biasing unit and on the other hand arranged with a transversely to the longitudinal axis , Jochplatte cooperating with the clamping elements is rigidly connected to a first main assembly.

The inventive design of the device, it is initially possible to significantly reduce the manufacturing cost, since the completely mutually closed units require less manufacturing accuracy, than the known, using interlocking components, such as ring piston, manufactured devices, according to the invention, both the forming unit and the biasing unit can be formed from commercially available pneumatic or in particular double or single-acting hydraulic cylinders. The entire bias unit must be designed advantageously only for small forces (low pressure), therefore, the entire device according to the invention can be manufactured with comparatively compact dimensions and low weight.

In contrast to a device in which a clamping cylinder is arranged at an angle of 90 ° to the forming unit, it should be emphasized for the invention that it requires no space for clamping cylinder in the radial direction and therefore, for example, no problems when forming U-shaped bent tubes occur can.

Furthermore, a simple and quick tool change is particularly advantageously possible because the device of the invention allows a structural design that does not require disassembly of (pressure-bearing) housing parts for the purpose of tool change and also provides a very good accessibility to the tool room. Thus, forming tools, such as clamping elements or compression heads can be fixed very quickly solvable by being inserted, for example, from above accessible guide grooves and held there by their own weight.

Finally, the device according to the invention can be produced in a closed or open design, the latter allowing optical monitoring of the forming process by the operator.

Further advantageous features of the invention are contained in the subclaims and the following description.

Fig. 1

aus einer Blickrichtung von oben einen Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Verformen von Werkstücken, insbesondere zum plastischen Umformen von Rohrenden,

Fig. 2

einen Stauchkopf für die in Fig. 1 dargestellte erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung im Längsschnitt,

Fig. 3

ein Beispiel für ein mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung umgeformtes Rohrende im Längsschnitt,

Fig. 4

ein Spannelement für die in Fig. 1 dargestellte erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung im Längsschnitt,

Fig. 5a

in einer Fig. 1 entsprechenden Darstellung, eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer Position für den Werkzeugwechsel,

Fig. 5b

in einer Fig. 1 entsprechenden Darstellung, eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer Position zum Einlegen eines Werkstückes,

Fig. 5c

in einer Fig. 1 entsprechenden Darstellung, eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer Position zum Spannen des Werkstückes,

Fig. 5d

in einer Fig. 1 entsprechenden Darstellung, eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer Position zum Umformen des Werkstückes.

Reference to a preferred embodiment shown in the drawing, the invention will now be explained in more detail. Showing:

Fig. 1

from a viewing direction from above a longitudinal section through an inventive device for deforming workpieces, in particular for the plastic forming of pipe ends,

Fig. 2

an upsetting head for the device according to the invention shown in Fig. 1 in longitudinal section,

Fig. 3

an example of a deformed with the device according to the invention tube end in longitudinal section,

Fig. 4

a clamping element for the device according to the invention shown in Fig. 1 in longitudinal section,

Fig. 5a

in a representation corresponding to FIG. 1, a device according to the invention in a position for the tool change,

Fig. 5b

in a representation corresponding to FIG. 1, a device according to the invention in a position for inserting a workpiece, FIG.

Fig. 5c

in a representation corresponding to FIG. 1, a device according to the invention in a position for clamping the workpiece,

Fig. 5d

in a representation corresponding to FIG. 1, a device according to the invention in a position for forming the workpiece.

In the various figures of the drawing the same and corresponding parts are always provided with the same reference numerals and are therefore usually described only once in each case.

1, a device according to the invention for deforming workpieces, in particular for the plastic deformation of pipe ends, has a forming unit U actuated by the pressure p2 of a fluid and a pressure actuated by the pressure p1 of a fluid arranged on a common longitudinal axis XX Bias unit V on. The forming unit U is formed of a particular double-acting cylinder 1 and a piston 2 axially movable therein. The biasing unit V is formed of a particular single-acting cylinder 3 and a piston 4 axially movable therein. In the Forming unit U and in the biasing unit V is at least one separate (double-chambered) pressure chamber D1, D2 formed, which is independent of the pressure chamber D2, D1 of the other unit V, U druckbeaufschlagbar. Both pressure chambers D1, D2 - of the forming unit U and the biasing unit V have in transverse to the longitudinal axis XX extending cross section a full-surface, preferably a circular shape. ("Full surface" is understood to mean that the surface is not formed annular or frame-like or is interrupted by "holes".)

The forming unit U and the biasing unit V are closed by at least one transverse to the longitudinal axis X-X extending wall (in detail by the rear wall 1a of the cylinder 1 of the forming unit U and the rear wall 3a of the cylinder 3 of the biasing unit V walls) against each other. The forming unit U and the biasing unit V are therefore formed on the one hand as interconnected, but on the other hand, as completely closed against each other units.

The device according to the invention consists essentially of three main assemblies, which are moved relative to each other during the forming process parallel to the longitudinal axis X-X. For a better illustration of the function, in FIG. 1 (as well as FIGS. 5a to 5d) components which belong to a main assembly are each provided with the same hatching.

The first, stationary in the present example, main assembly consists of the cylinders 1, 3 of forming unit U and bias unit V and a transverse to the longitudinal axis X-X arranged yoke plate 5, all of which are rigidly interconnected. Parallel to the longitudinal axis X-X tie rods 6a are arranged, which serve to form the rigid connection and for transmitting power between the cylinder 1 of the forming unit U and the yoke plate 5. In the yoke plate 5 is a coaxial with the cylinder 1 of the forming unit U arranged bore 5a, which tapers conically from the forming unit U leading.

In a second main assembly of the piston 4 of the biasing unit V via its piston rod 4a and an adapter part 7, as shown transversely to the longitudinal axis XX arranged adapter plate, with a likewise arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis XX driver plate 8 for the piston 2 of the forming unit U and with a transversely to the longitudinal axis XX arranged receiving plate 9 for (hereinafter described in detail) clamping elements rigidly interconnected. In the driver plate 8 is a coaxial with the cylinder 1 of the forming unit U arranged (unspecified) bore, in which the piston 2 of the forming unit U, in particular with its piston rod 2a, is guided. In the receiving plate 9 is a stepped recess 9a, which is open as a fastening means for inserting the clamping elements upwards. Tie rods 6b are again arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis XX and serve to form the rigid connection and to transmit power between the piston 4 of the biasing unit V and the two plates 8, 9.

The third main assembly consists only of the piston 2 of the forming unit U.

For forming a tool set is required, which consists of a compression head 10 (Fig. 2) and at least one clamping element 11 (Fig. 4). To illustrate the forming process, a tube end 12 has been selected by way of example, which has the bead contour 12a shown in FIG. With the device according to the invention, however, any desired axially compressible pipe contour can be produced.

The compression head 10 includes on one side a recess 10a, mating contour of the pipe contour to be formed 12a, and on the opposite side a connection option 10b to the piston 2 of the forming unit - in the present case, a T-slot. The forming unit U, in particular a free end of the piston rod 2 a of the piston 2, also correspondingly has fastening means 2 b for the detachable fastening of the compression head 10.

The clamping element 11 is formed by clamping jaws 11a, which consist of several, preferably four, annularly arranged segments. These are usually guided over cylindrical pins 11b and held in an open position via compression springs 11c in the unloaded state. They cooperate with the conical surface of the opening 5a in the yoke plate 5 and also have a conical design Outer surfaces 11d. With their usually slightly roughened or toothed inside 11e press the jaws 11a when clamping on the pipe 12th

The mode of operation of the device according to the invention is illustrated by the sequence of figures 5a to 5d.

In the tool change position shown in Fig. 5a, the tools (upset head 10, clamping jaws 11a) can be inserted from above into the corresponding receptacles 2b, 9a, with good accessibility is given to the tool room. Disassembly of device components for tool change is not required.

Fig. 5b shows the insertion position for the workpiece. From the end position shown in Fig. 5a, the entire second main assembly moves under the action of the fluid pressure p1 in the pressure chamber D2 parallel to the longitudinal axis X-X by an amount X relative to the first (stationary) main assembly (in the drawing to the right). About the driver plate 8 while the piston 2 is located in the pressureless circulation forming unit U taken. The clamping jaws 11a are still slightly open in the insertion position, so that the tube 12 can be guided cleanly during insertion until it comes to a stop (unspecified) contact surface in the recess 10a at the end face 10 to the stop.

Thereafter, the clamping of the tube 12 (Fig. 5c). The entire second assembly bias unit is again moved parallel to the longitudinal axis X-X, this time by the amount Y (to the right). In this case, by the interaction of the conical surfaces 11d of the clamping jaws 11a and the conical surface 5b in the yoke plate 5, the clamping jaws 11a closed gap-free against the force of their springs 11c and the tube 12 is held.

All previously described movements of the second main assembly can be driven at a suitable choice of the piston surfaces of the piston 2, 4 at the same pressure level as the forming unit U. Advantageously, the biasing unit V can also be driven in the low pressure range.

The per se known forming process (Fig. 5d), in which under an axial process of the piston 2 by the amount Z on the tube 12 in a conventional manner, the bead 12a is formed on the pressure p2 of the fluid to the piston 2 of the Forming unit U initiated and requires high forces. The forming unit U is therefore preferably designed for the high-pressure area. However, due to the fact that the first and second main assemblies each represent self-contained separate systems with respect to their forces, which are indirectly coupled in terms of force only via the clamping jaws 11a held in the receiving plate 9 and pressed into the yoke plate 5, the biasing unit becomes V and the second main assembly is not additionally burdened by the high forming forces and can therefore be dimensioned in their entirety for low forces, advantageously by a low pressure design. Although the conical design of the clamping elements causes the prestressing force introduced via the pretensioning unit V to be further reinforced during tube forming, there is no repercussion of the forming force on the pretensioning unit V, as in the device known from DE 100 40 595 A1 occurs.

For pipe removal, the tool change position (FIG. 5 a) is approached again, and this can be done under the effect of a fluidic back pressure p 3 in the pressure chamber D 1 of the forming unit U. Alternatively, it would also be possible for this purpose, instead of a double-acting cylinder in the forming unit U to provide only a single-acting cylinder with spring return or a switchable driver mechanism and in the bias unit V a double-acting cylinder.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment, but also includes all the same in the context of the invention embodiments. In particular, a kinematic reversal is possible in the sense that the biasing second main assembly is fixed and stationary and serves as a machine frame or is attached to a machine frame. In this case, the first main assembly with the yoke plate 5 is moved axially, which has the advantage that the tube 12 is not moved after reaching the axial pipe stop position. (In the variant described above, the tube 12 is moved by the amount Y during clamping.)

The device according to the invention can also be designed with the same high functionality with a pretensioning unit V rotated by 180 °. The rear wall 3a of the cylinder 3 of the biasing unit V is then applied to the adapter plate or may itself be formed as an adapter part 7, and the piston 4 is coupled to the rear wall 1a of the cylinder 1 of the forming unit U.

Finally, a housing with connecting plates could also be constructed instead of the open housing constructed with the tie rods 6a, 6b or, as in the case of the known annular piston systems, a rotationally symmetrical, tubular housing could be designed.

reference numeral

1

Cylinder from U

1a

Back wall of 1

2

Piston of U

2a

Piston rod of 2

2 B

Fastener to 2

3

Cylinder of V

3a

Back wall of 3

4

Piston of V

4a

Piston rod of 4

5

yoke plate

5a

Hole in 5

5b

Cone surface in 5

6a, 6b

tie rods

7

adapter part

8th

Driver plate for 2

9

Mounting plate for 11

9a

Recess in 9

10

Forming head

10a

Deepening in 10

10b

Connection of 10 for 2b

11

clamping element

11a

jaws

11b

straight pin

11c

compression spring

11d

Outer surface of 11a

11e

Inner surface of 11a

12

Tube (end)

12a

Bead at 12

D1

Pressure room of U

D2

Pressure room of V

p1, p2, p3

fluid pressures

U

Forming

V

biasing unit

X, Y

Travel amounts of 4

X X

longitudinal axis

Z

Travel amount of 2

Claims (21)

1. A device for the deformation of workpieces, particularly for the plastic forming of pipe ends (12), comprising a forming unit (U) operated by the pressure (p2, p3) of a fluid and a prestressing unit (V) operated by the pressure (p1) of a fluid and arranged on a common longitudinal axis (X-X), and also clamping elements (11) of conical design which may be clamped by means of the prestressing unit (V), at least one separate pressure space (D1, D2) being formed respectively in the forming unit (U) and in the prestressing unit (V), which may be pressurized independently of the pressure space (D2, D1) of the respective other unit (V, U),
   characterised in that at least one wall (1a, 3a) extending transversely to the longitudinal axis (X-X) is disposed between the forming unit (U) and the prestressing unit (V), by way of which the forming unit (U) and the prestressing unit (V) as structural units are both connected to one another and also closed off completely from one another.
2. A device according to Claim 1,
   characterised in that the two pressure spaces (D1, D2) of the forming unit (U) and of the prestressing unit (V) have a solid-surface, preferably a circular, shape in the cross-section extending transversely to the longitudinal axis (X-X).
3. A device according to Claim 1 or 2,
   characterised in that the forming unit (U) is formed from a particularly double-acting cylinder (1) and a piston (2) movable axially therein.
4. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in that the prestressing unit (V) is formed from a particularly single-acting cylinder (3) and a piston (4) movable axially therein.
5. A device according to Claim 3 and 4,
   characterised in that the cylinder (1) of the forming unit (U) is rigidly connected on the one hand to the cylinder (3) or the piston (4) of the prestressing unit (V) and on the other hand to a yoke plate (5) arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis (X-X), to form a first main assembly.
6. A device according to Claim 5,
   characterised in that an opening (5a) arranged coaxially to the cylinder (1) of the forming unit (U) is located in the yoke plate (5) for cooperating with the clamping elements (11), which opening tapers in a conical shape directed away from the forming unit (U).
7. A device according to Claim 5 or 6,
   characterised in that the rigid connection between the cylinder (1) of the forming unit (U) and the yoke plate (5) is formed by tie-rods (6a), connecting plates or a tubular housing.
8. A device according to Claim 4 and 5 or one of Claims 5 to 7,
   characterised in that the piston (4) of the prestressing unit (V), via an adapter part (7) such as an adapter plate, or the cylinder (3) of the prestressing unit (V) is rigidly connected to a driver plate (8), arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis (X-X), for the piston (2) of the forming unit (U) and to a receiving plate (9), arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis (X-X), for the clamping elements (11), to form a second main assembly.
9. A device according to Claim 8,
   characterised in that the rigid connection between the cylinder (3) or the piston (4) of the prestressing unit (V) and the driver plate (8) and also the receiving plate (9) is formed by tie-rods (6b), connecting plates or a tubular housing.
10. A device according to Claims 3, 5 and 8,
    characterised in that the piston (2) of the forming unit (U), the first main assembly and the second main assembly are displaceable relative to one another parallel to the longitudinal axis (X-X).
11. A device according to Claim 10,
    characterised in that the first main assembly or the second main assembly is arranged so as to be stationary, e.g. connected in a fixed manner to a frame.
12. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 11,
    characterised in that the forming unit (U), particularly a free end of a piston rod (2a) of the piston (2), has attachment means (2b) for the releasable attachment of an upsetting head (10).
13. A device according to one of Claims 8 to 12,
    characterised in that the receiving plate (9) for the clamping elements (11) has attachment means (9a) for the releasable attachment of the clamping elements (11).
14. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 13,
    characterised by an upsetting head (10), on which is formed on one side a depression (10a) as counter-contour for a pipe contour to be formed and on the opposite side a connection means (10b), such as a T-groove, for the forming unit (U).
15. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 14,
    characterised in that the clamping elements (11) are formed from clamping jaws (11a) which consist of several, particularly four, annularly arranged segments each having a conically designed outer surface, which segments are guided via cylindrical pins (11b) and are held in the unloaded state in an open position by way of compression springs (11c).
16. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 15,
    characterised in that, in the operating state, the pressure space (D1) of the forming unit (U) is pressurized with a fluid under high pressure (p2) and the pressure space (D2) of the prestressing unit (V) is pressurized with a fluid under low pressure (p1).
17. A device for the deformation of workpieces, particularly for the plastic forming of pipe ends (12), comprising a forming unit (U) operated by the pressure (p2, p3) of a fluid and a prestressing unit (V) operated by the pressure (p1) of a fluid and arranged on a common longitudinal axis (X-X), and also clamping elements (11) of conical design which may be clamped by means of the prestressing unit (V), at least one separate pressure space (D1, D2) being formed respectively in the forming unit (U) and in the prestressing unit (V), which may be pressurized independently of the pressure space (D2, D1) of the respective other unit (V, U),
    characterised in that the forming unit (U) and the prestressing unit (V) are arranged as separate structural units one after the other on the common longitudinal axis (X-X), the two, the forming unit (U) and the prestressing unit (V), each comprising a cylinder (1, 3) and a piston (2, 4) movable therein, each with a solid-surface cross-section, and the cylinder (1) of the forming unit (U) being rigidly connected on the one hand to the cylinder (3) or the piston (4) of the prestressing unit (V) and on the other hand to a yoke plate (5) arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis (X-X) and cooperating with the clamping elements (11), to form a first main assembly.
18. A device according to Claim 17,
    characterised in that the piston (4) of the prestressing unit (V), via an adapter part (7) such as an adapter plate, or the cylinder (3) of the prestressing unit (V) is rigidly connected to a driver plate (8), arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis (X-X), for the piston (2) of the forming unit (U) and to a receiving plate (9), arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis (X-X), for the clamping elements (11), to form a second main assembly.
19. A device according to Claim 18,
    characterised in that the piston (2) of the forming unit (U) forms a third main assembly.
20. A device according to Claim 19,
    characterised in that the first, second and third main assembly are each arranged so as to be relatively movable in relation to one another, the first main assembly or the second main assembly being arranged so as to be stationary, e.g. connected in a fixed manner to a frame.
21. A device according to one of Claims 17 to 20,
    characterised by one or more features of the characterising part of Claims 1 to 4, 6, 7, 9 or 12 to 16.

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