EP1488564A1 - Verfahren zur gesicherten bertragung von daten, insbesonder e zur bertragung ber eine luftschnittstelle - Google Patents
Verfahren zur gesicherten bertragung von daten, insbesonder e zur bertragung ber eine luftschnittstelleInfo
- Publication number
- EP1488564A1 EP1488564A1 EP03745248A EP03745248A EP1488564A1 EP 1488564 A1 EP1488564 A1 EP 1488564A1 EP 03745248 A EP03745248 A EP 03745248A EP 03745248 A EP03745248 A EP 03745248A EP 1488564 A1 EP1488564 A1 EP 1488564A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- count value
- sequence
- data
- value
- evaluations
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
- H04L1/0057—Block codes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the secure transmission of data, the coding of which is represented by a sequence of a predeterminable number of evaluations and evaluations.
- the invention also relates to a mobile data memory and to a read / write device for carrying out the method, and to an identification system with the read / write device and at least one mobile data memory.
- Contactless ident systems work on the basis of contactless transmission technologies. These can e.g. based on electromagnetic, infrared or ultrasound. Such systems are used, for example, to identify people or moving goods, e.g. used by means of transport.
- the necessary data is transferred from a read / write device via a non-contact data transmission link, e.g. via an air interface to a mobile data storage device and back.
- the contactless identification technology also allows the acquisition of the data e.g. while the mobile data storage is moving past. So that the mobile data storage devices can be used indefinitely, the integration of energy storage devices, e.g. Batteries, dispensed.
- the necessary electrical energy is external, i.e. an electrical or magnetic field originating from the read / write device, taken contactlessly.
- Such methods are e.g. known according to the ISO / IEC 15693 Part 2 “Air Interface and Initialization *” or according to the ISO / IEC 14443 standard as a time slot method for operation in an ISM frequency band.
- Methods of this type permit a continuous energy supply to the data storage electronics by only switching off the carrier frequency modulated with the data to be transmitted for energy transmission for a maximum time interval.
- an energy storage device previously charged in the mobile data storage device must be able to bridge the energy supply.
- the data is transmitted from the mobile data storage device to the read / write device by means of a load modulation.
- the mobile data storage dampens the inducing magnetic field at short intervals.
- the mobile data storage device requires the maximum power from the previously loaded energy storage device. This stress phase should therefore be as short as possible.
- the load modulation can be carried out according to the above standards continuously for a time slot as the maximum time interval or alternatively with a subcarrier frequency modulated. With carrier frequency modulation, energy transmission is also possible within a modulated time slot (see also FIG. 3).
- data transmission between the read / write device and the mobile data memory can be adversely affected by interference.
- these can be electromagnetic interference sources, such as motors, solenoid valves, welding robots, etc., which are operated in the vicinity. This can lead to incorrect data transmission.
- Suitable security methods are known to reduce this problem, such as, for example, determining and appending a CRC word (cycle redundancy check) or a parity bit to the end of the data or data sequence to be transmitted.
- the probability of a transmission error being identified in a backup method based on a supplementary CRC word to a data sequence is very high.
- a high level of data processing complexity is required by the mobile data memory in order to validate the received first part of the data using the CRC word.
- this allows the power consumption for the extensive necessary computing operations to become so high that, disadvantageously, a power supply due to the external energy transfer from the read / write device can no longer be provided.
- Another disadvantage is that any new data that may be received can no longer be processed due to the pending arithmetic operations for CRC validation. As a result, data can be lost during a data transmission. It is also a possible disadvantage that it is no longer possible to exchange all the data pending for transmission while the mobile data memory is in the reception area of the read / write device.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a new method for the secure transmission of data with a high error detection probability of a transmission disturbance with a low expenditure on data processing technology.
- the object is achieved with a method for the secure transmission of data, the coding of which is represented in each case by a sequence of a predeterminable number of evaluations and evaluations, a counting value representing the predeterminable number being formed by the counting direction after each evaluation changed and the count value incremented or decremented with each evaluation, and error information is generated if a first end value, which is transmitted as a coded sequence of the count value with the data, from a second end value which, like the count value from the transmitted - the sequence is formed, is different.
- the object is further achieved with a mobile data storage device and a read / write device for carrying out the method.
- the invention is solved with an identification system with the read / write device and at least one mobile data memory.
- the counter can furthermore advantageously be implemented by a simple software program or by a simple electronic circuit, such as a binary circulation counter, with little circuitry complexity.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of an identification system which has a read / write device and a mobile data memory, each with a coding device for carrying out the method according to the invention for the contactless exchange of data,
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary coding rule for the secure transmission of data according to the invention, the coding of which is represented by a sequence of evaluations and evaluations
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention in which the evaluations are based on the ISO / IEC standard 14443, with a Manchester coding and a subcarrier according to type A of the above Norm are modulated.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of an identification system IS, which has a read / write device SLG and a mobile data memory DT, each with a coding device KE1, KE2 for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the mobile data storage device DT is attached to a movable object BO, such as, for example, to a means of transport which moves in a movement direction BR relative to the read / write device SLG.
- data is transmitted via a contactless data transmission link LS, such as an air interface.
- an exemplary control computer ST is shown, which is connected to the read / write device SLG via an interface. These are used to exchange the data between the ST control computer and the SLG read / write device, for example for data acquisition.
- the respective coding devices KE1, KE2 have, for example, a circulation counter CNT and comparison means VM for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the comparison means VM are used to generate error information F1, F2 for the corresponding remote station DT, SLG if an incorrect data transmission could be determined.
- the mobile data memory DT is also supplied with energy via the exemplary air interface LS.
- Energy flow lines EF are drawn in to illustrate the energy flow from read / write device SLG to mobile data memory DT.
- the carriers of the necessary energy can be, for example, electrical or magnetic fields.
- the coding ⁇ S ⁇ ⁇ 0 ⁇ - F of the data D0-D4 is represented by a sequence FR0-FR4 of evaluations and evaluations Z1, Z0 according to the invention.
- the first data item DO shows an example of a control data item DO, which can contain a control command S ⁇ , for example. This command can be used to indicate to the remote station DT, SLG, for example, that the data D1-D4 waiting for transmission will follow immediately.
- the data D1-D4 can be regarded as the actual user data. These can be bits or data bytes or, as shown in the example of the figure, hexadecimal numbers with numerical values from 0 to ⁇ F ⁇ .
- sequence FR0-FR4 according to the invention frequency patterned into a Se ⁇ of time slot frames FR0-FR4, wherein a time slot frame FR0-FR4 for representing a date D0-D4 with the predetermined number of on and off values Z1, is encoded Z0.
- sequence of time slot frames FR0-FR4 according to the invention follows a corresponding in structure Signa ⁇ SIG door frame, wherein the encoded v S ⁇ 0 ⁇ - F ⁇ sequence SIG ent ⁇ holds.
- to represent the current xadecimal numerical values of the actual user data D1-D4 advantageously a corresponding number with the value 16 for the coding ⁇ 0 - F ⁇ of the associated sequence FR1-FR4 with evaluations and evaluations Z1, Z0.
- the coding ⁇ 8 of the data backup block DS being represented by the signature frame SIG.
- each time slot frame FR0-FR4 and the security frame were divided into 11 time slots ZS1-ZS11 in the example of the figure.
- the above-mentioned coding S x , 0 ⁇ - ⁇ F can be carried out in these time slots ZSl-ZSll by appropriate assignment with evaluations and evaluations Z1, Z0.
- a count value C is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2, which is pre-assigned with a start count value SZW and with a counting direction F / R.
- the count value C representing the predeterminable number is formed by changing the counting direction F, R after each one value ZI and incrementing or decrementing the count value C for each evaluation ZO.
- Error information F1, F2 can then be generated if a first end value EC, which is transmitted as coded ⁇ S, 0 - ⁇ F sequence SIG of the count value C with the data D0-D4, from a second end value EC1, EC2, which is how the count value C is formed from the transmitted sequence FR0-FR4, is different.
- the count value C has already been preset with the start count value SZW 0 and with the start count direction SZR “forward.
- Zählwert realise the respective values were plotted ZW of the count value C ⁇ and the current counting direction F, R below the timeslots ZSL-ZSll.
- the count value C is increased by the first time slot of the first time ZS1 ⁇ slot frame FR0 to the value Z0 to the value 1 at the beginning.
- the count direction F, R changes to “backward *” due to the single value ZI.
- the count value is therefore decremented to the value 0 in the following time slot ZS3 with the evaluation ZO.
- the count value C can also assume periodic values ZW, the periodic values ZW being numerical values of a number system. This is already shown in Figure 2 for the further counting. As can be seen, the count value C can only assume values ZW of the hexadecimal number system, 0 ⁇ -, F in a periodic sequence. This is possible because the count value C overflows when incrementing, F ⁇ to, 0 ⁇ or undercuts it in a corresponding manner when it is decremented.
- the first final value EC with the value, 8 ⁇ corresponding to the previously defined coding, 0 ⁇ -, F ⁇ is finally written into the time slots ZSl-ZSll of the security frame SIG ZO.
- the 8 X coded in the time slot frame FR1 advantageously has the same assignment with evaluations and evaluations Z1, Z0 as the last final value EC formed by counting in the security frame SIG.
- the circulation counter CNT can advantageously be implemented by a simple software program or by a simple electronic circuit, such as the above-mentioned binary circulation counter, with little circuit complexity. Another advantage is that each offset of a value ZI in the time slot grid or any additional or missing assignment of the time slots ZSl-ZSll of a time slot frame FR0-FR4 with a value ZI leads to another final value EC of the count value C.
- the coding of all evaluations and evaluations Z1, Z0 to be transmitted can take place in such a way that an evaluation ZI is followed by at least one evaluation ZO. This is already shown in the example in FIG. 2.
- the maximum time interval corresponds to the duration of a single value ZI.
- FIG 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which the single values ZI are based on the ISO / IEC standard 14443, with Manchester coding and a subcarrier according to type A of the above. Norm are modulated.
- a one-value ZI can furthermore be formed by a pulse train PF.
- the pulse sequence PF can have an even number of pulses PL and pauses PS with the same duty cycle.
- a predeterminable number of sinusoidal carrier oscillations fo can be assigned to a pulse PL.
- a mobile data memory DT can be used for the contactless exchange of a sequence of data D0-D4 with a read / write device SLG, which has a first coding device KE1 for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the first coding device KE1 of the mobile data memory DT can have a circulation counter CNT for forming the count value C and comparison means VM for generating a first error message F1, if the first end value EC of the count value C with the second end value EC1, which is like the count value C. the transmitted sequence FR0-FR4 is formed, is different.
- the read / write device SLG can advantageously be shown a transmission error using the first error information F1.
- the transmission of the last pending data sequence can then e.g. be repeated..
- a read / write device SLG can be used for the contactless exchange of a sequence of data D0-D4 with at least one mobile data memory DT, which has a second coding device KE2 for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the second coding device KE2 of the read / write device SLG can have a circulation counter CNT for forming the count value C and comparison means VM for generating the second error information F2, if the first end value EC of the count value C with the second end value EC2, which is like the count value C. the transmitted sequence FR0-FR4 is formed, is different.
- an identification system IS can be operated with a modulation method based on the ISO / IEC 14443 standard or the ISO / IEC 15693 standard in an ISM frequency band, in particular in an ISM frequency band of 13.56 MHz.
- sequences of data D1-D4 can be exchanged in the identification system IS between at least one read / write device SLG and at least one mobile data memory DT via a contactless data transmission link LS.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10214188 | 2002-03-28 | ||
| DE10214188A DE10214188B4 (de) | 2002-03-28 | 2002-03-28 | Verfahren zur gesicherten Übertragung von Daten, insbesondere zur Übertragung über eine Luftschnittstelle |
| PCT/DE2003/000858 WO2003084113A1 (de) | 2002-03-28 | 2003-03-17 | Verfahren zur gesicherten übertragung von daten, insbesondere zur übertragung über eine luftschnittstelle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1488564A1 true EP1488564A1 (de) | 2004-12-22 |
Family
ID=28458465
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03745248A Withdrawn EP1488564A1 (de) | 2002-03-28 | 2003-03-17 | Verfahren zur gesicherten bertragung von daten, insbesonder e zur bertragung ber eine luftschnittstelle |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040158782A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1488564A1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2448710A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10214188B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003084113A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1304188A (de) * | 1969-12-09 | 1973-01-24 | ||
| US3810111A (en) * | 1972-12-26 | 1974-05-07 | Ibm | Data coding with stable base line for recording and transmitting binary data |
| US3886522A (en) * | 1974-02-28 | 1975-05-27 | Burroughs Corp | Vocabulary and error checking scheme for a character-serial digital data processor |
| US4181850A (en) * | 1976-03-03 | 1980-01-01 | Emi Limited | Data transmission in radiographic apparatus |
| FR2363947A1 (fr) * | 1976-09-02 | 1978-03-31 | Roche Alain | Equipements de raccordement entre des systemes de transmission numerique multiplex a modulation par impulsions et codage mic a debits binaires nominaux differents |
| US4087627A (en) * | 1976-10-12 | 1978-05-02 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Public Corporation | Clock regenerator comprising a reversible shift register and a controllable frequency divider |
| US4095165A (en) * | 1976-10-18 | 1978-06-13 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Switching regulator control utilizing digital comparison techniques to pulse width modulate conduction through a switching device |
| DE2845385C2 (de) * | 1978-10-18 | 1984-03-29 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Schaltungsanordnung zur Einphasung eines Codesicherungssystems |
| JPS5945738A (ja) * | 1982-09-07 | 1984-03-14 | Fujitsu Ltd | 直列転送デ−タチエツク方式 |
| US5650761A (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1997-07-22 | Gomm; R. Greg | Cash alternative transaction system |
| JP3568182B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-03 | 2004-09-22 | 株式会社日立国際電気 | データ伝送装置の同期検出方法及びその装置 |
| EP1026627A1 (de) * | 1999-01-29 | 2000-08-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Kontaktloses Datenübertragungssystem und Verfahren zur kontaktlosen Datenübertragung |
| DE19910875A1 (de) * | 1999-03-11 | 2000-09-21 | Siemens Ag | System zur berührungslosen, seriellen Übertragung von Daten aus insbesondere schnell bewegten, mobilen Datenträgern, und bevorzugte Verwendungen des Systems |
| IL152588A0 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2003-05-29 | Checkpoint Systems Inc | Radio frequency detection and identification system |
| JP3770058B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-16 | 2006-04-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | フレーム分配方法およびその機能を有する情報処理装置 |
| KR20080109101A (ko) | 2003-10-20 | 2008-12-16 | 테바 파마슈티컬 인더스트리즈 리미티드 | 레보도파의 지속적 효과를 위한 조성물 및 제형 |
-
2002
- 2002-03-28 DE DE10214188A patent/DE10214188B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-03-17 CA CA002448710A patent/CA2448710A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-17 EP EP03745248A patent/EP1488564A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-03-17 WO PCT/DE2003/000858 patent/WO2003084113A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-11-28 US US10/722,499 patent/US20040158782A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03084113A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2003084113A1 (de) | 2003-10-09 |
| CA2448710A1 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
| DE10214188A1 (de) | 2003-10-23 |
| US20040158782A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
| DE10214188B4 (de) | 2005-08-25 |
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