EP1483573A1 - Vertikal-impedanz-sensor-anordnung und verfahren zum herstellen einer vertikal-impedanz-sensor-anordnung - Google Patents
Vertikal-impedanz-sensor-anordnung und verfahren zum herstellen einer vertikal-impedanz-sensor-anordnungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1483573A1 EP1483573A1 EP03717149A EP03717149A EP1483573A1 EP 1483573 A1 EP1483573 A1 EP 1483573A1 EP 03717149 A EP03717149 A EP 03717149A EP 03717149 A EP03717149 A EP 03717149A EP 1483573 A1 EP1483573 A1 EP 1483573A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor arrangement
- impedance sensor
- electrically conductive
- vertical impedance
- arrangement according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54373—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
- G01N27/3275—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction
- G01N27/3276—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction being a hybridisation with immobilised receptors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vertical impedance sensor
- Fig. 1B show a sensor known from the prior art, in which a hybridization event is electrically detected.
- the sensor 100 has two electrodes 101, 102 made of gold material, which are embedded in an insulating layer 103 made of electrically insulating material. Electrode connections 104, 105 are connected to the electrodes 101, 102, by means of which an electrical potential can be applied to the electrodes 101, 102.
- the electrodes 101, 102 are planar electrodes. DNA probe molecules 106 are immobilized on each electrode 101, 102.
- an electrolyte 107 contains DNA strands 108 with a base sequence which is complementary to the sequence of the DNA probe molecules 106, that is to say which sterically match the probe or capture molecules 106 according to the key-lock principle, these DNA hybridize Strands 108 with the DNA probe molecules 106 as shown in Fig. IB.
- Hybridization of a DNA probe molecule 106 and a DNA strand 108 takes place only if the sequences of the respective DNA probe molecule 106 and the corresponding DNA half strand 108 are complementary to one another. If a hybridization takes place, the value of the changes
- Impedance is determined by applying a suitable electrical
- a method known from the prior art for detecting macromolecular biomolecules using a reduction / oxidation recycling process is described below with reference to FIGS. 2A to 2c, and is also referred to below as a redox recycling process.
- FIG. 2A shows a biosensor 200 with a first electrode 201 and a second electrode 202, which are applied to an insulator layer 203. On the first electrode 201 and a second electrode 202, which are applied to an insulator layer 203. On the first electrode 201 and a second electrode 202, which are applied to an insulator layer 203. On the first electrode 201 and a second electrode 202, which are applied to an insulator layer 203. On the first
- a holding area 204 made of gold material is applied to electrode 201.
- the holding area 204 serves to immobilize DNA probe molecules 205 on the first electrode 201.
- Such a holding area is not provided on the second electrode 202.
- the biosensor 200 is to be used to detect DNA strands 207 with a sequence that is complementary to the sequence of the immobilized DNA probe molecules 205, the biosensor 200 is brought into contact with a solution to be examined, for example an electrolyte 206, such that DNA strands 207 possibly containing in the solution to be examined 206 can hybridize with a sequence complementary to the sequence of the DNA probe molecules 405.
- a solution to be examined for example an electrolyte 206
- FIG. 2B shows a scenario according to which DNA strands 207 are to be detected in the solution 206 to be examined are included, one with a DNA probe molecule
- DNA strands 207 in the solution to be examined are marked with an enzyme 208, with which it is possible to cleave the molecules described below into electrically charged partial molecules.
- a considerably larger number of DNA probe molecules 205 is usually provided than the DNA strands 207 to be determined are contained in the solution 206 to be examined.
- the biosensor 200 is rinsed, whereby those DNA strands on which a hybridization event has not taken place are removed and the biosensor 200 is cleaned of the solution 206 to be examined.
- An electrically uncharged substance which contains molecules which can be cleaved by means of the enzyme 208 is added to a rinsing solution used for rinsing, into a first sub-molecule 210 with a negative electrical charge and into a second sub-molecule with a positive electrical charge.
- the negatively charged first partial molecules 210 are drawn to the positively charged first electrode 201, which is indicated by an arrow 211 in FIG. 2C.
- the negatively charged first partial molecules 210 are oxidized on the first electrode 201, which has a positive electrical potential, and are drawn as oxidized partial molecules 213 to the negatively charged second electrode 202, where they are in turn reduced.
- the reduced partial molecules 214 in turn migrate to the positively charged electrode 201. In this way, an electrical one Circular current generated, which is proportional to the number of charge carriers generated by the enzymes 208 in each case.
- the known impedance methods have the disadvantage that only a very small electrical signal can be evaluated in each case.
- the change in the electric field due to the hybridization of DNA half-strands with capture molecules immobilized on a sensor surface is very small.
- the sensitivity of a sensor arrangement can be improved by reducing the lateral dimension of a planar arrangement of sensor electrodes.
- FIG. 3A shows a sensor arrangement 300 in which a first electrode 302 is arranged on a substrate 301 at a distance of 1 ⁇ m from a second electrode 303. Capture molecules 304 are immobilized on the electrodes 302, 303 and have hybridized with particles 305 to be detected in accordance with the operating state shown in FIG. 3A.
- 3A shows first to fourth electric field curves 306a to 306d obtained from simulation calculations, which indicate how strong the electric field between the electrodes 302, 303 is and at what distance from the surface of the substrate 301.
- a sensor assembly 310 is shown having the same components in essentially comprises • as shown in Figure 3A sensor array 300. However, the lateral spacing between adjacent electrodes 311 and 312, 312 and 313, 313 and 314 respectively 0.2 ⁇ m. Again, first to fourth electrical field curves 315a to 315d are shown in FIG. 3B. As a result of the reduced dimension of the electrodes 311 to 314 compared to the sensor arrangement 300, a considerably larger proportion of the field lies in a region near the surface between the electrodes 311 and 312 than in the scenario of FIG. 3A.
- the sensor arrangements 300, 310 shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B are made using a semiconductor technology
- the electrodes are manufactured using lithography processes and etching processes.
- Interdigital arrangements of vertically arranged electrodes are known from [7], [8], which are set up for the detection of • redox-active particles.
- a redox-active species is drawn to the electrodes due to an electrical force and detected in the form of an electrical current.
- [9] discloses methods for the detection of molecules by means of impedance spectroscopy and an apparatus for performing these methods.
- [10] discloses a method for detecting macromolecular biopolymers using an electrode arrangement.
- [11] discloses a sensor for identifying molecular structures within a sample.
- [12] discloses an optimized capacitance sensor for chemical analysis and measurement.
- [13] discloses a column and row addressable high density biochip arrangement.
- the invention is based on the problem of providing a sensor arrangement for detecting particles by means of hybridizing the particles with immobilized capture molecules, which sensor arrangement has an improved detection sensitivity.
- the problem is solved by a vertical impedance sensor arrangement and by a method for producing a vertical impedance sensor arrangement with the features according to FIG. 5 of the independent patent claims.
- the vertical impedance sensor arrangement has a substrate, a first electrically conductive structure with a first exposed surface, which first
- electrically conductive structure is arranged in and / or on the substrate, and a spacer arranged above the substrate and / or at least partially on the first electrically conductive structure. There is a second electrically conductive structure on the spacer
- the vertical impedance sensor arrangement has on the first and the second exposed surface immobilized capture molecules which are set up in such a way that particles to be detected can hybridize with them.
- a first electrically conductive structure with a first exposed surface is formed in and / or on a substrate. Furthermore, a
- spacers formed over the substrate and / or at least partially on the first electrically conductive structure.
- a second electrically conductive structure with a second exposed surface is formed on the spacer.
- the distance between the sensor electrodes that is to say the first and the second electrically conductive structures, is defined by means of a vertical arrangement.
- Deposition of a layer as a spacer allows the distance between the electrodes to be set with a very high degree of accuracy.
- a basic idea of the invention is to be seen in the fact that a thickness of the spacer is by means of a deposition method, and not as in the prior art
- An atomic layer deposition method or a chemical gas phase epitaxy method are particularly suitable as the deposition method.
- the accuracy of a deposited layer can be adjusted to an accuracy of up to one atomic position, that is to say to a few angstroms accuracy. A distance between the sensor electrodes of a sensor arrangement can therefore be set with very high accuracy.
- the minimum distance between the two sensor electrodes from below 100 nm can therefore be easily achieved.
- the electrical field distribution between the sensor electrodes is reduced by a with a reduced distance between the sensor electrodes
- Hybridization event particularly strongly influenced.
- the detection sensitivity of the vertical impedance sensor arrangement according to the invention is significantly increased compared to the prior art.
- the vertical impedance sensor arrangement according to the invention can be produced using simple lithography and a simple lift-off method. thats why the vertical impedance sensor arrangement can be produced with little effort.
- two surfaces or surface regions of the first and second electrically conductive structures which are oriented essentially parallel to one another can be formed, which surfaces are arranged at a predetermined distance from one another in the vertical direction of the vertical impedance arrangement.
- the vertical impedance arrangement can be a sub-micron vertical impedance arrangement, i.e. with at least one structure dimension below one micrometer (e.g. minimum distance between the first and the second electrically conductive structure).
- a minimum distance between the first and the second electrically conductive structure can only be defined by means of the spacer.
- a minimum distance between the first and the second electrically conductive structure can be defined using exactly one spacer.
- the spacer is preferably formed in one piece and / or in one material and / or from an electrically insulating material.
- the spacer can consist exclusively of a single material, preferably an electrically insulating material.
- a minimum distance between the first and the second exposed surface is preferably at most
- the capture molecules can be oligonucleotides, DNA half-strands, peptides, proteins or low-molecular compounds.
- the capture molecules can be organic or inorganic molecules.
- a porous permeation layer having pores of a predetermined size can be arranged between at least one of the electrically conductive structures and the capture molecules, such that molecules whose size is smaller than or equal to the predetermined pore size can diffuse through the porous material, whereas molecules whose Size exceeds the predetermined pore size, can not diffuse through the porous material.
- the vertical impedance sensor arrangement of the invention can have a protective layer on at least a part of the first and / or the second surface area, which protective layer is arranged in such a way that surface sections covered with the protective layer are free from being covered with capture molecules.
- the capture molecules are often very expensive and difficult to obtain biological molecules, which are often only present in small quantities.
- a protective layer By covering part of the exposed surface sections of the electrically conductive structures by means of a protective layer or by means of an encapsulation, specific surface areas on which capture molecules are immobilized can be predetermined. This reduces the number of capture molecules required.
- the substrate is preferably a silicon substrate, a layer sequence made of silicon and silicon nitride or a layer sequence made of silicon and silicon oxide.
- the first and / or the second electrically conductive structure can be produced from one or a combination of the materials gold, platinum, silver, silicon, aluminum and titanium.
- Gold in particular is suitable as a material for the electrically conductive structures for many applications since the gold-sulfur coupling is and is particularly chemically advantageous since many capture molecules contain sulfur-containing end groups (for
- Example have thiol groups, SH).
- the spacer is preferably made of an electrically insulating material.
- the spacer is preferably made of silicon oxide (e.g. silicon dioxide) or silicon nitride.
- the spacer can be made from one or more layers, each of which has one or more materials.
- the protective layer can be produced from one or a combination of the materials silicon oxide and silicon nitride.
- the first and / or the second electrically conductive structure can be designed as a conductor track, as a conductor level, as an essentially meandering shape or as an essentially spiral shape.
- the first and the second electrically conductive structure can be arranged essentially parallel or perpendicular to one another.
- the vertical impedance sensor arrangement of the invention can also have a plurality of first electrically conductive structures and / or a plurality of second electrically conductive structures.
- the sensor elements are preferably different
- Capture molecules that are sensitive to different particles to be detected can be provided.
- One of the electrically conductive structures can also be used as
- Conductor level may be provided and the other electrically conductive structure may be provided as an arrangement of conductor tracks, which arrangement is preferably parallel to the
- Leader level are arranged.
- the vertical impedance sensor arrangement of the invention is preferably set up as a biosensor for detecting macromolecular biomolecules.
- the method according to the invention for producing a vertical impedance sensor arrangement is described below. Refinements of the vertical impedance sensor arrangement also apply to the method for producing a vertical impedance sensor arrangement.
- the thickness of the spacer is preferably specified by means of a deposition process. Since a thickness of the spacer can be set very precisely with a deposition process and since the accuracy in setting the thickness of the spacer is particularly high with a deposition process, the structural dimensions which can be achieved are reduced according to the invention.
- the spacer is preferably formed by means of an atomic layer deposition process (ALD process) or a chemical gas phase epitaxy process (CVD process, "chemical vapor deposition”).
- ALD process atomic layer deposition process
- CVD process chemical gas phase epitaxy process
- FIGS. 3A, 3B further sensor arrangements according to the prior art with different lateral dimensions of sensor electrodes
- FIGS 4A to 4C layer sequences at different times during an inventive
- FIG. 5 shows a vertical impedance sensor arrangement according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6 shows a vertical impedance sensor arrangement according to a third exemplary embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 7 shows a vertical impedance sensor arrangement according to a fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8A shows a cross-sectional view along the section line I-I 'shown in FIG. 8B of a vertical impedance
- FIG. 8B shows a perspective view of the vertical impedance sensor arrangement shown in FIG. 8A according to the fifth exemplary embodiment of the invention
- 9A shows a cross-sectional view along the section line II-II 'shown in FIG. 9B of a vertical impedance sensor arrangement according to a sixth exemplary embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 9B shows a perspective view of the vertical impedance sensor arrangement shown in FIG. 9A according to the sixth exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 4A to 4C An exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a vertical impedance sensor arrangement is described below with reference to FIGS. 4A to 4C.
- a passivation layer 402 made of silicon nitride is deposited on a silicon wafer 401. Furthermore, a gold layer is deposited on the passivation layer 402 and under using a vapor deposition method
- a first gold conductor 403 and a second gold conductor 404 remain on the passivation layer 402. Furthermore, a is on the surface of the layer sequence thus obtained
- Silicon dioxide layer 405 is deposited using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Using a CMP process ("chemical mechanical polishing ”) becomes the surface of the silicon dioxide layer
- a further gold layer is deposited on the layer sequence 400.
- the further gold layer is structured (for example lift-off) and the silicon dioxide layer 405 is structured by means of an RIE (reactive ion etching) method that the spacer shown in FIG. 4B 411 remains, by means of which a third gold conductor track 412 is spatially and electrically decoupled from the first and second gold conductor tracks 403, 404.
- RIE reactive ion etching
- the layer sequence 420 shown in FIG. 4C is obtained by immobilizing DNA half strands 421 as capture molecules on exposed surface areas of the first, second and third gold conductor tracks 403, 404, 412, which are set up in such a way that particles to be detected hybridize with them can.
- a minimum distance d between the first gold conductor track 403 or the second gold conductor track 404 on the one hand and the third gold conductor track 412 on the other hand is 50 nm. Because of this small distance, which is due to the
- the vertical impedance sensor arrangement 420 from FIG. 4C is a highly sensitive sensor for detecting biomolecules.
- a vertical impedance sensor arrangement 500 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to FIG.
- the vertical impedance sensor arrangement 500 differs from the vertical impedance sensor arrangement 420 essentially in that before the application of DNA half strands 421 to exposed surface areas of the gold conductor tracks 403, 404, 412 using a suitable one Etching process of the spacers 411 and the silicon dioxide regions 405 are etched back.
- the etching process is selected such that the etchant used has a high etching rate with respect to silicon dioxide material, whereas the etching rate with respect to gold material is very low. This leaves an etched-back spacer 501 and etched-back silicon dioxide regions 502, whereas the gold regions 403, 404, 412 are protected against etching.
- a vertical impedance sensor arrangement 600 according to a third exemplary embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to FIG.
- the vertical impedance sensor arrangement 600 essentially decides from the vertical impedance sensor arrangement 420 in that after the deposition of the first gold layer, the latter is not structured in such a way that a first and a second gold conductor track result 403, 404 are formed. Instead, the first gold layer is structured in such a way that a single first gold conductor track 601 remains.
- the further method steps for forming the vertical impedance sensor arrangement 600 then take place essentially analogously to the description of FIGS. 4A to 4C.
- a spacer 602 is formed from silicon dioxide, by means of which the gold conductor track 601 is separated from the gold conductor track 412. Finally, DNA half strands 421 are immobilized on the surface of the layer sequence obtained.
- a vertical impedance sensor arrangement 700 according to a fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to FIG.
- the essential difference between the vertical impedance sensor arrangement 700 and the vertical impedance sensor arrangement 600 is that in the vertical impedance sensor arrangement 700 the components made of silicon dioxide 405, 602 before immobilizing the DNA Half strands 421 are etched back on exposed surface areas of the gold conductor tracks 601, 412 using a suitable etching method. As a result, the surface area of the first and third gold conductor tracks 601, 412 provided with capture molecules is increased compared to the arrangement shown in FIG DNA half strands 421 and consequently a higher one
- Gold conductor tracks 601 and 412 realized.
- a vertical impedance sensor arrangement 800 according to a fifth exemplary embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to FIGS. 8A, 8B.
- FIG. 8B shows a perspective view of a part of the vertical impedance sensor arrangement 800.
- the cross-sectional view of the vertical impedance sensor arrangement 800 shown in FIG. 8A is taken along the section line I-I '.
- a gold conductor level 801 is formed on the silicon nitride passivation layer 402, which in turn is formed on the silicon substrate 401.
- a silicon dioxide layer is first deposited on this and then a second gold layer. The latter two layers are structured together in such a way that the silicon dioxide tracks 802 and the gold conductor tracks 803 are left behind. DNA half strands 421 are immobilized on the exposed surfaces of the gold conductor level 801 and the gold conductor tracks 802.
- a vertical impedance sensor arrangement 900 according to a sixth exemplary embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to FIGS. 9A, 9B.
- FIG. 9B shows a perspective schematic view of a part of the vertical impedance sensor arrangement 900
- FIG. 9A shows a cross-sectional view along the section line II-II 'shown in FIG. 9B.
- a passivation layer 402 made of silicon nitride is deposited on the silicon wafer 401 and a gold conductor level 801 is deposited on the passivation layer 402.
- a silicon dioxide layer is then deposited on the gold conductor level 801 and structured to form silicon dioxide tracks that run perpendicular to the paper plane of FIG. 9A, so that silicon dioxide material is now contained in particular in the empty spaces 901 shown in FIG. 9A.
- a silicon nitride layer is deposited on this structured layer sequence.
- a flat surface of the resulting layer sequence is generated using a CMP method.
- a further gold layer is deposited on this flat surface and structured together with the underlying layer of silicon nitride or silicon dioxide in such a way that the gold conductor tracks 902 remain in the manner shown in FIGS. 9A, 9B.
- the gold conductor tracks are essentially orthogonal to the previously formed silicon dioxide tracks.
- the silicon dioxide material is now removed from the empty spaces 901 shown in FIG. 9A.
- the etchant is chosen such that the etching rate for • silicon dioxide material high, and for silicon nitride material is very low, so that the silicon nitride spacer 903 between the gold conductor layer 801 and the gold conductive paths 902 in the in Figure 9A, Figure .9B remain as shown.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2002111358 DE10211358B4 (de) | 2002-03-14 | 2002-03-14 | Vertikal-Impedanz-Sensor-Anordnung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Vertikal-Impedanz-Sensor-Anordnung |
DE10211358 | 2002-03-14 | ||
PCT/DE2003/000828 WO2003078991A1 (de) | 2002-03-14 | 2003-03-14 | Vertikal-impedanz-sensor-anordnung und verfahren zum herstellen einer vertikal-impedanz-sensor-anordnung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1483573A1 true EP1483573A1 (de) | 2004-12-08 |
Family
ID=27797778
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP03717149A Withdrawn EP1483573A1 (de) | 2002-03-14 | 2003-03-14 | Vertikal-impedanz-sensor-anordnung und verfahren zum herstellen einer vertikal-impedanz-sensor-anordnung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1483573A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005527799A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10211358B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003078991A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP4779468B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-01 | 2011-09-28 | ソニー株式会社 | 相互作用検出部、バイオアッセイ用基板、及びそれらに係わる方法 |
DE102008004872A1 (de) * | 2008-01-17 | 2009-08-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrodendesign für elektrochemische Sensoren |
KR100969667B1 (ko) * | 2008-03-24 | 2010-07-14 | 디지탈 지노믹스(주) | 생리활성물질을 전기적으로 검출하는 방법 및 이를 위한바이오칩 |
WO2011138985A1 (ko) | 2010-05-06 | 2011-11-10 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 용량 소자 센서 및 그 제조 방법 |
JP2013224934A (ja) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-10-31 | National Institute For Materials Science | 微量サンプル測定用センサー素子 |
EP3779421A4 (de) * | 2018-03-30 | 2021-12-15 | Provigate Inc. | Biosensor |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4822566A (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1989-04-18 | The Johns Hopkins University | Optimized capacitive sensor for chemical analysis and measurement |
CA2238003C (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 2005-02-22 | Innogenetics N.V. | Impedimetric detection system and method of production thereof |
CA2393766A1 (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2001-06-21 | George N. Maracas | Column and row addressable high density biochip array |
US20030226768A1 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2003-12-11 | Franz Hoffman | Method for detecting macromolecular biopolymers by means of an electrode arrangement |
DE10015547C2 (de) * | 2000-03-30 | 2002-02-14 | Aventis Res & Tech Gmbh & Co | Verfahren zur Detektion von Molekülen mittels Impedanzspektroskopie und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieser Verfahren |
-
2002
- 2002-03-14 DE DE2002111358 patent/DE10211358B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-03-14 JP JP2003576947A patent/JP2005527799A/ja active Pending
- 2003-03-14 WO PCT/DE2003/000828 patent/WO2003078991A1/de active Application Filing
- 2003-03-14 EP EP03717149A patent/EP1483573A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO03078991A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10211358B4 (de) | 2006-10-26 |
JP2005527799A (ja) | 2005-09-15 |
WO2003078991A1 (de) | 2003-09-25 |
DE10211358A1 (de) | 2003-10-02 |
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