EP1483191B1 - Drive disk for high performance friction pairings - Google Patents

Abstract

A drive disk with rim segments which are located at a distance from each other and are embodied in the form of segments of the groove track which are made from the same or different material and high-powered magnets are introduced in between the grooves in the drive disk rim and the cable along the peripheral line of the drive disk rim. Foamed steel or fiber composite ceramics or similar, respectively with increased friction values, are used as materials for the rim segments.

Description

The invention relates to the novel construction of traction sheaves for wire rope drives and the like. In particular in the elevator area, whereby an improved power transmission is to be made possible.

• Aufzugstreibscheiben für Mehrseilbetrieb,
• Treibscheiben für wahlweisen Einseilbetrieb unter Aufzugsbeanspruchungen, wie beispielsweise
  • mit Drahtseilen betriebene Hubplattformen (z.B. Fassadenpflegeanlagen, Montagegerüste),
  • mit Drahtseil betriebene Befahreinrichtungen für stehende Seilkonstruktionen (Hängebrücken, seilverspannte Hallendächer, Kabelkrane, Seilbahnen),
  • ausgewählte Seilbahnantriebe,
  • ausgewählte Sesselliftantriebe,
  • Durchlaufhubwinden für beliebige Einsatzfälle.

Main fields of application of the invention are

• Lifting pulleys for multi-rope operation,
• Traction sheaves for optional one-rope operation under elevator loads, such as
  • Lifting platforms operated with wire ropes (eg facade maintenance systems, assembly scaffolding),
  • wire-rope hoists for standing rope constructions (suspension bridges, rope-suspended hall roofs, cable cranes, cable cars),
  • selected cable car drives,
  • selected chairlift drives,
  • Continuous lifting winches for any application.

Another field of application of the invention are mechanical continuous conveyors which operate on the drive principle "traction" and meet the requirements of magnetic materials.

The state of the art for elevator pulleys is characterized by solutions based on the Coulomb friction law using a homogeneous groove of the technical design.

In the field of load of mine shaft mining, solutions are known which increase the driving ability of the rope drive pulley system by means of groove inserts of different - but softer materials - but are unsuitable for the elevator operation. About 8 decades ago, mining was considering improving power transmission using electromagnets.
In the associated patent DE 34 67 27 C it is stated that the load organ receiving groove of the traction sheave consists of segment pieces which are formed as pole pieces of a series of electromagnets with alternating polarity whose flux line is passed from one to the adjacent pole by the load member ,

For cable reclamation on cable laying ships is known from US 3 512 757 a solution that wants to bring magnets in the discharge of winds used. In these cases, traditional magnets are used, which require considerable space and technical overhead and can therefore only be used in single-rope operation with large dimensions.

From DE 33 12 522 A1 a traction sheave, in particular for use in mining, is known in which in the grooves of the wheel rim a free on the rim circumference movable chuck is introduced in the form of a flexible elastic ring with attached lining elements.
Also DE 36 26 045 A1 describes a traction sheave for mining, in which along the circular line of the groove of the ring a freely movable lining is arranged. This covering consists of two layers, namely the upper layer of an elastic material strip and the directly on the wreath resting, sectioned layer, which are rigidly interconnected.
The sections mentioned here consist of a (sliding) bearing material.

The subject of DE 39 23 192 A1 is a traction sheave, in particular for single-rope mining in mining with a drive pulley rim, in whose groove with a gap to each other pad deposits are freely arranged. This V-shaped Pad deposits are provided at both ends of the legs with through holes in the direction of movement of the traction sheave, through which a this loop groove looping traction is passed.

In the patent DE 1.202.587 B, a reinforcement for use for rope and traction sheaves in mining is described in the lining materials made of light metal, hard plastic and the like. Attached to the main body of the traction sheave and at the same time the coefficient of friction and wear resistance of the chuck are increased.

In the patent specification DE 1.120.702 B, a special chuck material for traction sheaves of mine shaft mining is described which consists of a special casting alloy G Al Si. These chucks are installed alternately with chucks made of thermoplastic or thermoplastic-like plastics on the traction sheave circumference.

With the known from the prior art deposits in the grooves of the pulley rim improvements in wear and friction behavior for traction sheaves of mining could be achieved. The necessary design solutions are expensive. For large ratios of pulley diameter to rope diameter - about 40 - corresponding applications are conceivable in elevator construction. The trend towards lightweight construction will result in these diameter ratios for elevators in the range of 20 to 30. Here fail due to the increased compressive stresses and shear stresses - triggered by the unequal rope forces - the previously known deposit materials.
The use of force fields to increase the propulsion is known from the mining industry and for mooring winches for one-rope operation. However, the solutions are structurally complex, require a lot of space and make the system technology more expensive

The object of the invention is therefore to substantially increase the transmission forces of elevator pulleys on the rope to be driven in particular under extreme stress conditions, as present at high cable force ratios and / or small diameter ratios traction sheave to rope. The object of the invention includes analogous improvements to increase the transmission forces in the pairings drive drum / steel conveyor belt and drive drum / chain, each with a simplified version of the other system components.

An inventive solution to this problem is specified in claim 1. Further developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

According to the concept of the invention, inlays in the form of high energy rare earth magnets with energy products of, for example, 385 kJ / m ^{3 are} introduced along the peripheral line of the groove (s) spaced apart in the shape of the driving wheel rim, which are fitted in recesses of the groove track sunk surface. This arrangement can be made for several adjacent grooves. In addition, each between the inlay's garland segments can be arranged.

As a material for the above drive pulley or the rim segments classic traction sheave materials such as gray cast iron (GG) and the like. Or new friction-increasing construction materials such as steel foam materials, fiber composite ceramic and specialty plastics can be used, which meets the requirements of compressive strength and wear resistance for use in elevator pulleys or similar applications.
For ring segments preferably steel foam materials and / or fiber composite ceramic should be used.

By this special procedure, it is possible to increase the Coulomb friction force, since the friction coefficients of rest achieve values of 0.4 when using, for example, fiber composite ceramics and, in addition, by the high-energy magnets introduced in regular intervals as inlays, the normal force from the rope forces of a normal force generated by the magnetic forces is superimposed. For this statement: $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{u}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{n}}={\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{n}}\cdot {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{n}}$$

F_uMgn:

am Umfang der Treibscheibe wirkende tangentiale Widerstandskraft im Magnetbereich gegen die durch die größere Seilkraft hervorgerufene Seildehnung oder Rutsch;

F_Mgn:

magnetische Haftkraft;

µ_Mgn:

Reibwert im Magnetbereich.

In this equation mean

F _uMgn :

acting on the circumference of the traction sheave tangential resistance in the magnetic field against the caused by the greater cable force rope elongation or slip;

F _Mgn :

magnetic adhesion;

μ _Mgn :

Friction value in the magnetic field.

The o.g. High-energy magnets, which are permanent magnets based on adhesive forces, hardness, shape, wear resistance adapted to the application. Their arrangement in the respective groove track takes place in such a way that the axis of the magnet and thus the magnetic force is radially aligned.

Disposed distributed over the 360 ° circumference of the traction sheave ring are the inlay segments and possibly additional ring segments, these segments are evenly spaced in an alternating arrangement by the circumferential angle α.
The size of the angle α depends on the desired driving capability of the pair of traction sheave or traction sheave band.

This technical approach makes it possible to provide round grooves at least with coefficients of friction, those of V-grooves at a defined wedge angle and However, in contrast to the keyway or the undercut round groove ensure a greatly reduced groove wear (low pressure) and high rope life related to the respective interpretation.
For the solution of extreme requirements - eg power transmission - other groove shapes - especially round grooves with undercut - can be equipped with this technical approach.

• Magnethaftkraft, geometrische Form der Hochenergie-Permanentmagnete, Festlegung weiterer physikalischer Kennwerte, Anordnung der Magnete einerseits und/oder
• Gestaltung des Treibscheibenkranzes aus GG, Kunststoffen und dgl., Schaumstahl oder Verbundkeramik andererseits erfolgt wahlweise entsprechend der jeweils vorliegenden technischen Zielstellung.

The optimization of the traction sheave design based on

• Magnetic force, geometric shape of the high-energy permanent magnets, definition of further physical characteristics, arrangement of the magnets on the one hand and / or
• Design of the pulley ring made of GG, plastics and the like., Foam steel or composite ceramic on the other hand, either according to the respective present technical objective.

mit

F1, F2 :

Seilkräfte;

ϕ (p) :

Verzögerungsfaktor;

e :

Basis der natürlichen Logarithmen;

µ :

scheinbarer Reibwert;

β :

geometrischer Umschlingungsbogen.

The solution requires a modified approach of Eytelwein's equation $$\mathrm{F}$$$$\mathrm{}1/\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}2*\mathrm{\phi }\left(\mathrm{p}\right)\le {\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{\beta }}$$

With

F1, F2:

Rope forces;

φ (p):

Delay factor;

e:

Base of natural logarithms;

μ:

apparent coefficient of friction;

β:

geometric wrap around.

By widening the drive pulley explained in its structure in the axial direction creates a drive drum for mechanical continuous conveyor, which is constructed in its basic structure as a traction sheave, with an expansion of the arrangement of ring segments (5) and inlays (6) in the axial direction - ie across the width of the drive drum - has occurred.

• Erhöhung der Coulomb'schen Reibkraft durch Erhöhung von µ _System infolge Einsatz von Faserverbundkeramik oder Stahlschaumwerkstoffen u.ä.
• Überlagerung der Coulomb'schen Reibkraft mit einer magnetischen Reibkraft - erzeugt durch Hochenergie-Magnete aus der Gruppe der Seltenen Erden.
• Wahlweise Auslegung der Treibscheibe für verschleißarme Übertragung großer Umfangskräfte oder Übertragung sehr großer Umfangskräfte für Spezialeinsätze.

Erreicht wurde eine wesentliche Erhöhung der Treibfähigkeit insbesondere von Rundrillen.The advantages associated with the patent are many, namely:

• Increase of the Coulomb frictional force by increasing the μ _system due to the use of fiber composite ceramics or steel foam materials, etc.
• Superposition of the Coulomb friction force with a magnetic frictional force - generated by high-energy magnets from the group of rare earths.
• Optional design of the traction sheave for low-wear transmission of large circumferential forces or transmission of very large circumferential forces for special applications.

A substantial increase in the driving ability, in particular of round grooves, was achieved.

• Masseeinsparungen im Seiltrieb durch vergrößertes und technisch übertragbares F1/F2-Verhältnis, Ermöglichung des extremen Leichtbaus in der Aufzugstechnik;
• Mögliche Reduzierung des erforderlichen Treibscheibendurchmessers;
• Reduzierung der Seildurchmesser infolge verringerter Beanspruchungen, da Verschleiß durch Dehnung und Rutsch im Bereich der Treibscheibe weitgehend reduziert wird.
• bedingt durch einen kleineren Treibscheibendurchmesser kleinere Antriebe durch erhöhte Drehzahl der Treibscheibe;
• Reduzierung des Energieaufwandes; jeweils verbunden mit den zugehörigen wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen.

The power transmission is significantly improved by the measures mentioned, the associated secondary consequences are:

• Mass savings in the cable drive through increased and technically transferable F1 / F2 ratio, enabling the extreme lightweight construction in elevator technology;
• Possible reduction of the required pulley diameter;
• Reduction of the rope diameter due to reduced stresses, as wear due to expansion and slippage in the area of the traction sheave is largely reduced.
• due to a smaller pulley diameter smaller drives by increased speed of the traction sheave;
• Reduction of energy consumption; each associated with the associated economic benefits.

Fig. 1

die Ausführung des Treibscheiben-Kranzes mit Kranz-Segmenten aus Faserverbundkeramik, angeordnet zwischen den Inlays aus Hochenergie-Magneten,

Fig. 2

die Darstellung eines Rillensegments, das aus einem von der sonstigen Ausführung des Rillenkranzes abweichendem Werkstoff besteht. Aus diesem Werkstoff könnte bei anderer konstruktiver Lösung auch der gesamte Kranz bestehen, in den dann die Bohrungen für die Aufnahme der Hochenergie-Magnete eingebracht werden.

Fig. 3

Die Ausführung einer Treibscheibe für Hochleistungsreibpaarungen, bei der in den Rillenspuren des Treibscheibenkranzes als Inlay-Segmente Hochenergie-Magneten eingebracht sind.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it

Fig. 1

the design of the traction sheave ring with ring segments made of fiber composite ceramic, arranged between the inlays of high-energy magnets,

Fig. 2

the representation of a groove segment, which consists of a deviating from the other version of the groove ring material. From this material could also exist in other constructive solution, the entire wreath, in which then the holes for receiving the high-energy magnets are introduced.

Fig. 3

The design of a traction sheave for high-performance friction pairings, in which high-energy magnets are incorporated in the groove tracks of the drive pulley ring as inlay segments.

An exemplary arrangement of ring segments 5 and possibly inlay's 6 over the 360 ° circumference of the traction sheave ring 2 is shown in Fig. 1.
The wreath segments 5 are in each groove track 3, s. Section AA, spaced from each other over the circumferential angle α arranged. Alternatively, they can consist of one piece in the axial direction into which all groove tracks 3 are introduced.

Additionally or exclusively, other arrangements, constructions and distribution densities of inlay segments 6 (high-energy magnets) can be selected over the circumference of the traction sheave 2 to achieve a specific driving ability of the traction sheave.

The exemplary geometry of a garland segment 5 shows as a detail B Fig. 2.
The shape of the groove 3 is determined by its radius of curvature, where d corresponds to the diameter of the cable 4. The dimensions for width b and height h of a ring segment 5 correspond approximately to twice the groove diameter d, ie b = h - 2d.
The length I of a ring segment 5 is at least 3 times the rope diameter d, ie l - 3d.

FIG. 3 illustrates the embodiment of a traction sheave for high-performance friction pairings with high-energy magnets 6 introduced in analogy to the structure according to FIG. 1 as inlay segments. The high energy magnets 6 have a cylindrical shape, s. Detail C, with the following dimensions for height h and diameter of the magnets d _M : h - 25 - 35 mm
d _M ~ 20 - 32 mm.

Here is also the polarity drawn.
Such magnets currently reach adhesive forces of 42-700N

As material for the traction sheave body 1 and pulley rim 2, a traditional cast iron (GG) material is used in both embodiments.
The wreath can, if for high-quality materials such as foam steel, fiber composite ceramic o. Ä. Used to be used separately and connected to the body in a suitable form.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

1

Drive sheave wheel body

2

Traction-type ring

3

Grooves, groove track

4

Wire rope

5

Ring segments

6

Inlay's (High Energy Magnets)

Claims (8)

1. A drive disk for high-efficiency friction pairings for use in hoists, i.e. for wire cable drives and the like, consisting of a drive disk base body (1), drive disk rim (2) and grooves (3) in the outer surface of the rim 2 for guiding the cable,
   characterized by the fact that for improved force transmission between grooves in the drive disk rim (2) and cable (4) along the peripheral line or a special rim structure (3) spaced rim segments (5) are inserted into the drive disk rim (2) as segments of different materials of the groove track and alternating with the rim segments (5) high-energy magnets are inserted as inlays (6), the materials for the rim segments (5) being, for instance, foamed steel materials and/or fiber composite ceramics and the like of increase values of friction.
2. The drive disk of claim 1,
   characterized by the fact that
   the grooves (3) in the drive disk rim or in the rim segments (2) are structured as round grooves or undercut round grooves.
3. The drive disk of claim 1 or 2,
   characterized by the fact that
   the rim segments (5) inserted into the groove track (3) preferably are structured as circular segments and that they are inserted into fitting positive recesses of the drive disk rim (2) in conformity with the surface.
4. The drive disk of one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterized by the fact that
   the arrangement of the high-energy magnets as inlays (3) is carried out in the groove track (3) such that the axis of the magnetic field and, thus, of the magnetic force, is directed radially.
5. The drive disk of one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterized by the fact that
   the rim segments (5) and the inlays (6) are arranged alternatingly and displaced from each other by peripheral angle α along the 360° peripheral line of the groove track(s) (3).
6. The drive disk of one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterized by the fact that
   a plurality of groove tracks (3) with rim segments (5) and/or inlays (6) are arranged in an axial direction of a correspondingly wide drive disk (1).
7. The drive disk of one of claims 1 to 6,
   characterized by the fact that
   the base body of the drive disk (1) is made of grey cast iron or cast steel or steel or suitable composite materials or polymeric material and that a drive disk rim (2) of corresponding size made of grey cast iron or alloyed cast iron or cast steel or alloyed cast steel or foamed steel or special ceramics or special polymeric material is mounted on the drive disk wheel body in an expansion proof manner with recesses spaced from each other for receiving the high-energy magnets (6).
8. The drive disk of one of claims 1 to 7,
   characterized by the fact that
   by widening the drive disk (1) in an axial direction a drive drum for mechanical endless conveyers is generated being of a basic structure like the drive disk and that the rim segments (5) and inlays (6) may be arranged in axial direction over the width of the drive drum.

Images