EP1479207B1 - Method and system for joint decision feedback equalization and decoding - Google Patents

Method and system for joint decision feedback equalization and decoding Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1479207B1
EP1479207B1 EP03701635A EP03701635A EP1479207B1 EP 1479207 B1 EP1479207 B1 EP 1479207B1 EP 03701635 A EP03701635 A EP 03701635A EP 03701635 A EP03701635 A EP 03701635A EP 1479207 B1 EP1479207 B1 EP 1479207B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cck
decoding
symbols
dfe
trellis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP03701635A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1479207A1 (en
Inventor
Monisha Ghosh
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H04L1/0047—Decoding adapted to other signal detection operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/10—Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H04L1/0054—Maximum-likelihood or sequential decoding, e.g. Viterbi, Fano, ZJ algorithms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L2025/0335—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference characterised by the type of transmission
    • H04L2025/03375—Passband transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L2025/03433—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference characterised by equaliser structure
    • H04L2025/03439—Fixed structures
    • H04L2025/03445—Time domain
    • H04L2025/03471—Tapped delay lines
    • H04L2025/03484—Tapped delay lines time-recursive
    • H04L2025/0349—Tapped delay lines time-recursive as a feedback filter

Definitions

  • This invention generally relates to digital communication systems, and more specifically, to an enhanced system and method for performing feedback equalization and complementary code key (CCK) decoding using a trellis structure.
  • CCK complementary code key
  • the transmitted signal arrives at the receiver through more than one path in addition to the direct path.
  • This condition is called “multipath” and leads to intersymbol interference ("ISI") in the digital symbol stream.
  • ISI intersymbol interference
  • This ISI is compensated for in the receiver through an equalizer which in many cases is a Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) as shown in Fig. 1 .
  • DFE Decision Feedback Equalizer
  • U.S. Patent No 5,572,262 shows one method of combating these multipaths.
  • WO 00 / 72540 discloses equalization techniques and forms the basis for the preamble of the independent claims.
  • a DFE 10 ( Fig. 1 ) has two filter sections, a forward filter 12 and a feedback filter 16.
  • the input to the forward filter 12 is the received data which includes the transmitted symbol sequence a k , noise n k and multipath h i .
  • the input to the feedback filter is the quantized equalizer output d k .
  • the output of both the sections are summed 18 to form the final equalizer output ⁇ k 19 which is also the input to the next stage in a trellis-coded system, the trellis decoder. While a DFE performs better than a linear equalizer in severe ISI, the performance is limited by error propagation through the feedback filter 16 of the DFE 10.
  • Error propagation occurs in the feedback filter 16 when the quantized equalizer output â k is not the same as the transmitted symbol a k . If an error is made in determining the symbol â k at the output of the slicer 14, this incorrect symbol is fed back to the input of the feedback filter 16 and propagates. As known, the slicer 14 quantizes the filtered signal, providing an estimate of the symbol received. In many systems which employ error correction codes like trellis codes and/or Reed-Solomon codes to obtain very low error rates at moderate SNRs, the "raw" symbol error rate (SER) at the equalizer output can be extremely high. For example, in a Vestigal Sideband (VSB) system, at threshold in white noise the SER at the equalizer output is about 0.2.
  • VSB Vestigal Sideband
  • the increased error propagation due to these high SERs can cause the DFE to lose a couple of db in performance as compared to the case of no error propagation. Additionally, the error propagation causes the error sequence at the equalizer output to be correlated, since it depends on past incorrect symbol decisions. This correlation has an adverse effect on the subsequent trellis decoder which is usually designed for a white noise sequence.
  • bit stream data may be encoded using a standard known as Complementary Code Keying (CCK).
  • CCK Complementary Code Keying
  • Barker code which is the standard 11-bit chipping sequence used to encode data bits
  • CCK requires that data be encoded using a series of codes called Complementary Sequences. Because there are 256 unique code words that can be used to encode the signal, up to 8 bits can be represented by any one particular code word (assuming an 11 Mps bit stream).
  • the Decision Feedback Equalizer adequately performs notwithstanding the difficulty of providing symbol estimates â k . This is because the estimation is done on a symbol-by-symbol basis.
  • An object of this invention is to provide an improved system and method for decoding CCK-encoded digital data streams implementing a trellis-decoding technique.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved receiver device for use in digital communication systems implementing the IEEE 802.11b high rate digital communications standard that implements a novel, computationally efficient trellis decoding technique for decoding CCK encoded symbols.
  • the system comprises: a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) structure for simulating an inverse communications channel response and providing an output comprising an estimation of the received symbols, the DFE structure including a forward equalizer path and a feedback equalizer path including a feedback filter; and, a CCK decoder embedded in the feedback path and operating in conjunction with a feedback filter therein for decoding the chips based on intermediate DFE outputs including those chips corresponding to past decoded CCK symbols. Decisions on a symbol chip at a particular time are not made until an entire CCK codeword that the chip belongs to is decoded, thereby reducing errors propagated when decoding the symbols.
  • DFE decision feedback equalizer
  • the trellis decoding method is implemented as a computationally efficient 64-state trellis.
  • the present invention is directed to a digital communications system and a computationally efficient decoding structure for decoding data received in the form of symbols modulated according to Complementary Code Keying (CCK) technique.
  • CCK Complementary Code Keying
  • the system of the invention will be described herein for the case of an 11 Mbps digital data stream in accordance with the IEEE 802.11b standard, however, it is understood that skilled artisans may readily apply the principles described herein to other bit stream data rates in accordance with the standard, e.g., 5.5 Mps.
  • the system includes a receiver device comprising, in part, a Decision Feedback Equalizer ("DFE") 20 such as the equalizer used in a 802.11b communications receiver.
  • the DFE 20 may be a fractionally spaced decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) having a forward filter 12' with taps that are fractionally (T/2) spaced. This forward filter 12' will perform both matched filtering and equalization.
  • the equalizer 20 further includes a feedback filter 16' that may be sample spaced, i.e., T spaced, where "T " denotes the sample rate, which is also the chip rate, e.g., 11MHz.
  • the input to the equalizer 20 is assumed to be T/2 spaced, i.e., sampled at 22 MHz.
  • the DFE 20 may be used for all the possible 802.11b communications modes, i.e., 1, 2, 5.5 and 11 Mbps.
  • the input to the feedback filter section 16 comprises the output of the slicer 14', which provides an estimate of the true transmitted chips and may include either a BPSK or QPSK slicer, depending on the transmitted mode.
  • f i are the forward equalizer taps
  • b i are the feedback equalizer taps
  • r k is the received input stream at T/2 rate
  • c ⁇ k is the DFE equalizer output at T rate
  • L f is the length of the forward filter
  • d f is the delay through the forward filter
  • L b is the length of the feedback filter
  • c ⁇ k is the slicer output which is an estimate of the true transmitted chip c k .
  • a CCK decoder 25 for providing the decoding of the received chips.
  • the decode element 25 may comprises a typical Barker despreader, for the low-rate modes.
  • the input to the CCK decoder 25 is c ⁇ k . It is readily seen that, in this embodiment, equalization and CCK decoding/Barker dispreading are completely separated and, as such, may be subject to propagation errors due to errors made by the slicer.
  • the DFE structure 20' illustrated in Fig. 3 is implemented.
  • the CCK decoder/Barker despreader device 25' is embedded into a DFE feedback loop 30 including the feedback filter. Decoding and equalization is done on a block of eight chips for the CCK modes and on eleven chips for DSSS modes.
  • the configuration in accordance with the preferred embodiment greatly reduces error propagation, as decisions on the chip at time k are not made until the entire CCK codeword that the chip belongs to is decoded.
  • the complexity of this solution is greater than the configuration in accordance with the first embodiment ( Fig. 2 ), however, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, a computationally efficient decoding method employing a trellis structure is provided, as will be described.
  • variable c [c 0 , c 1 , ...,c 7 ] represents the 8-symbol CCK codeword.
  • Each of the ⁇ i may take on one of 4 values [0, ⁇ / 2, ⁇ ,3 ⁇ / 2] and hence d belongs to a set of 64 possible vectors, whereas c can have 256 possible values.
  • the embedded CCK decoder may be programmed to choose from the set of 256 possible code words (a number 8 symbols long), that minimizes the metric, and use the corresponding c 0 , c 1 , ...,c 7 values. For this brute force minimization, this value would be computed 256 times (for each of the 256 possible combinations that could be transmitted) with the combination that minimizes this metric distance being picked.
  • the dimensionality of a trellis search may be reduced from 256 to 64. That is, as shown in Fig.
  • the trellis structure is embodied as an algorithm executing in hardware provided in the combined CCK decoder/equalizer feedback filter structure ( Fig. 3 ), however, it could easily be executed in software.
  • 2 + ⁇ i 0 j b i ⁇ d j - i 2 + 2
  • a real-valued m 1 ( j )
  • 2 and a complex-valued m 2 ( j ) s* k+ j X j .
  • the metric set forth in equation 11 is calculated for each of the 4 possible values of ⁇ 1 , for a total of 256 values. Then, the state and ⁇ 1 value is chosen that corresponds to the minimum metric. The vector [ ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 ] corresponding to the state with the minimum metric along with the ⁇ 1 value is then used to calculate the transmitted codeword c.
  • the trellis structure moves to four (4) other values, depending upon what the s 0 value was because that goes into b 0 (equation 3). Then from each value, the trellis may branch into four other values. It is readily seen that, if at every state 102a,...,102n in the trellis there may be four possible inputs corresponding to four different values, then the structure would grow exponentially and basically end up with a number of combinations (states) equal to 4 8 . However, according to the CCK structure, this trellis structure only moves to 64 states (i.e., 102c,...,102n) and then saturates.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
EP03701635A 2002-02-14 2003-01-24 Method and system for joint decision feedback equalization and decoding Expired - Lifetime EP1479207B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US75312 2002-02-14
US10/075,312 US7027538B2 (en) 2002-02-14 2002-02-14 Method and system for joint decision feedback equalization and complementary code key decoding using a trellis
PCT/IB2003/000205 WO2003069863A1 (en) 2002-02-14 2003-01-24 Method and system for joint decision feedback equalization and complementary code key decoding using a trellis

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EP1479207A1 EP1479207A1 (en) 2004-11-24
EP1479207B1 true EP1479207B1 (en) 2012-08-01

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US (1) US7027538B2 (ko)
EP (1) EP1479207B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP4464683B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR100957176B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN1633792B (ko)
AU (1) AU2003202724A1 (ko)
WO (1) WO2003069863A1 (ko)

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US6693920B2 (en) * 2000-12-14 2004-02-17 Qualcomm, Incorporated Method and an apparatus for a waveform quality measurement
DE10224165A1 (de) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-24 Advanced Micro Devices Inc Phasenfehlerkorrektur unter Verwendung entspreizter Signale
US7526050B2 (en) * 2002-06-12 2009-04-28 Dsp Group Inc. CCK demodulation via symbol decision feedback equalizer
US7200192B2 (en) * 2002-12-26 2007-04-03 Zydas Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for decoding orthogonal codes
US7324590B2 (en) * 2003-05-28 2008-01-29 Qualcomm Incoporated Equalizer with combined CCK encoding-decoding in feedback filtering of decision feedback equalizer
US7342952B2 (en) * 2003-06-24 2008-03-11 Qualcomm Incorporated Slicer input and feedback filter contents for block coded digital communications
CN100505571C (zh) * 2003-06-25 2009-06-24 Nxp股份有限公司 用于确定巴克扩频序列的方法和设备
US7127013B2 (en) * 2003-08-18 2006-10-24 Airgo Networks, Inc. Spacetime equalization in a wireless receiver
KR100794790B1 (ko) * 2005-10-21 2008-01-21 삼성전자주식회사 듀얼 전송 스트림을 인코딩하는 트렐리스 인코딩 장치 및그 방법
US7817708B2 (en) * 2007-12-14 2010-10-19 Sivaswamy Associates, Llc. Orthogonal code division multiplex CCK (OCDM-CCK) method and apparatus for high data rate wireless LAN
CN102938651A (zh) * 2012-10-12 2013-02-20 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 一种互补码键控解码的电路择优方法
CN103078708A (zh) * 2013-01-04 2013-05-01 浪潮(北京)电子信息产业有限公司 一种互补码键控译码电路

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US5414733A (en) 1993-12-20 1995-05-09 Adtran Decision feedback equalizer employing fixed ratio postcursor taps for minimizing noise and intersymbol interference in signals conveyed over high speed data service loop
US5572262A (en) 1994-12-29 1996-11-05 Philips Electronics North America Corporation Receiver based methods and devices for combating co-channel NTSC interference in digital transmission
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US20030152176A1 (en) 2003-08-14
WO2003069863A1 (en) 2003-08-21
JP4464683B2 (ja) 2010-05-19
JP2005518151A (ja) 2005-06-16
AU2003202724A1 (en) 2003-09-04
EP1479207A1 (en) 2004-11-24
KR100957176B1 (ko) 2010-05-11
US7027538B2 (en) 2006-04-11
CN1633792B (zh) 2010-07-14
CN1633792A (zh) 2005-06-29
KR20040083451A (ko) 2004-10-01

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