EP1477736A1 - Heating Device - Google Patents

Heating Device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1477736A1
EP1477736A1 EP04450071A EP04450071A EP1477736A1 EP 1477736 A1 EP1477736 A1 EP 1477736A1 EP 04450071 A EP04450071 A EP 04450071A EP 04450071 A EP04450071 A EP 04450071A EP 1477736 A1 EP1477736 A1 EP 1477736A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotating grate
chamber
heating device
rotating
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04450071A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1477736B1 (en
Inventor
Alexander Dr. Weissinger
Josef Theiler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KWB Kraft und Waerme aus Biomasse GmbH
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KWB Kraft und Waerme aus Biomasse GmbH
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Publication of EP1477736A1 publication Critical patent/EP1477736A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/24Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using rotating grate
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the aim of the invention is to address the disadvantages of the heating devices mentioned at the outset avoid and propose a solution by which a largely optimal combustion is also possible with a rotating grate.
  • the features of claim 2 give the advantage of a relatively fine Subdivision of the firing zones of the rotating grate and thus a very good adaptation of the Air supply to the respective conditions.
  • the features of claim 3 have the advantage that in the range of Ash discharge and thus in the area of the practically completely burned-out fuel no or only a very low flow velocity of the air or the fuel gases prevails, whereby a whirling up of the ashes is largely avoided.
  • the discharge device can be of any design and e.g. through a clearing screw or be formed by a simple scraper.
  • the features of claim 4 have the advantage that the entrained ash due to the essentially tangential inflowing secondary air or a secondary air / fuel gas mixture pushed against the wall of the burnout room and deposited on it becomes. The ash falls despite the upward spiral Flow down and can be carried out from there.
  • the heating device has a combustion chamber 20, which can be seen from FIG. 3 to top is completed with a cover 4 made of a refractory material that in turn is covered by a protective cover 21.
  • the walls 23 of the combustion chamber 20 are provided with a lining 22 made of refractory material, the wall 23 as a Double jacket is formed, which is flowed through by water, which via connections 24, 25th is dissipatable, the supply over in the top, not shown, area of Double jacket arranged connections is made.
  • the Double jacket in the usual way with beads to secure the distance between the both walls of the double jacket and to increase its mechanical strength Mistake.
  • a rotating grate 3 is arranged in the combustion chamber 20, which is shown in more detail with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 will be explained.
  • This rotating grate 3 is from a gear motor, not shown driven.
  • a primary air duct 1 (FIG. 3) runs beneath the rotating grate 3, on which a blower 26 connected. Furthermore, a drivable ash discharge screw 16 is provided, which in protrudes a space below the rotating grate 3 and is guided in a nozzle 48.
  • a fuel feed screw protrudes into the combustion chamber 20 a pipe through an opening 27 of the combustion chamber 20, not shown is and runs above the rotating grate 3. in the direction of rotation of the rotating grate 3 by one
  • An angular amount offset from this fuel feed screw is a clearing screw (not shown) provided, the wall 23 in a bearing, not shown interspersed with lining.
  • This clearing screw runs along the surface lines of the substantially conical rotating grate 3 and serves to clear the burnt out Fuel to convey this in the area of the ash discharge screw 16.
  • a burnout chamber 10 is provided, which is arranged parallel to the combustion chamber 20 and connected to it via a train 8, which extends towards the burnout chamber 10 is tapered and surrounded by a double jacket 7, which is used to feed in secondary air serves, air nozzles 6 being provided on the end face facing the burnout space 10 are, which are only partially shown in FIG. 3.
  • the burnout chamber 10 has a essentially circular cross-section, the axis of the train 8 essentially in tangential direction to the cross section of the burnout space 10.
  • This burnout space 10 is provided with a closable service opening 14 '.
  • this service opening 14 ' has a viewing opening arranged in a connecting piece 60.
  • an ash chamber 28 is provided, which by a essentially at the mouth of the train 8 into the burnout space 10 separating plate 9 is limited, which extends obliquely downwards.
  • This partition plate 9 is double-walled formed (Fig. 3) and serves to supply secondary air to the double jacket 7 of the train 8th
  • This secondary air is the partition plate 9 via a secondary air channel 29 (Fig. 3) fed to a blower 30.
  • the inside of the double-walled partition 9 is the also extends below the underside of the train 8, via an opening 31 with the inside of the double jacket 7 of the train 8 connected.
  • the secondary air flows through it Interior of the double-walled partition plate 9 and the interior of the double jacket 7 of the train 8, whereby the secondary air is heated by the fuel gases flowing through the train 8, before it flows into the burnout chamber 10 via the nozzles 6.
  • the burnout chamber 10, the wall of which is also lined with a refractory lining 4 Material is provided, extends through the protective cover 21 upwards.
  • the upper region 11 of the burnout chamber 10 is also a heat exchanger arrangement 12 any type and a water-cooled cover 13 are provided.
  • the burnout chamber 10, 11 is connected to a chimney (not shown) via a fume cupboard, not shown.
  • the rotating grate 3 has eight partition walls 37 which extend radially outward from a sleeve 36 'and the tops thereof are stepped are executed.
  • the sleeve 36 ' is rotatably connected to a shaft 36 which is not one shown geared motor is driven.
  • the radially outer end faces of the partition walls 37 are connected to one another via an annular wall 43.
  • the through the two partitions 37th certain sectors 34 are therefore practically closed and therefore can be practical no air flows from one sector 34 to the adjacent sector 34.
  • the partitions 37 are also connected to an ash ring 39, which is ring-shaped arranged openings 42 is provided, between which only relatively narrow webs remain.
  • Rust rings 46 are located on the upper stepped edges of the partition walls 37 attached.
  • the rust rings 46 which have an upward smaller diameter, are spaced from each other in the vertical direction so that between the individual grate rings 46 Column 47 remain. Primary air can flow into the combustion chamber 20 via this column flow through the solid fuel lying on the grate rings 46.
  • the rust rings are usually provided with slots, not shown, to avoid warping to avoid thermal stresses.
  • the ash ring 39 which is firmly connected to the ring wall 43 and the sleeve 36 ', rotates in a short distance above a fixed primary air chamber 40 through the top an aperture 33 is completed, which is arranged in an arc Openings 44 is provided.
  • the openings 44 of the diaphragm 33 are open arranged a circular arc that is aligned with the circular arc on which the openings 42 of the ash ring 39 are arranged, essentially covers.
  • the cross sections of the Openings 44 of the diaphragm 33 decrease continuously (FIG. 4) from the area of the Fuel feed screw (not shown) away against the clearing screw (not shown) to, the openings in the illustrated embodiment extend an angle of approx. 240 °.
  • a portion of the aperture 33 is free of Openings 44 held.
  • the supply of primary air to the primary air chamber 40 takes place via the primary air duct 1, the primary air chamber 40 on its underside in the area of the primary air duct 1 Breakthroughs 41 has, through which the air can flow.
  • Solid fuel e.g. Pellets with the fuel feed screw that protrudes through the opening 27 into the combustion chamber 20, introduced and on the rotating grate 3 applied.
  • the fuel is gas due to the prevailing in the combustion chamber 20 Temperatures out and the gases ignite.
  • the openings 44 of the diaphragm 33 with the largest cross sections. As a result, a lot of primary air is supplied in this area.
  • the sector determined by the partition walls 37 arrives 34 of the rotating grate 3, on which the fuel was applied in areas of Openings 44 of the aperture 33 with smaller cross sections, which makes it slow burning fuel less and less air is supplied, which Fuel in the course of its progressive combustion always essentially optimal is supplied with air, because in the course of the progressive combustion of the Air consumption reduced.
  • the aperture 39 no longer has any openings. This means that there is one in the area Sector 34, above which the scraper screw is located, if at all, is only a very small one low air flow, which means that only a few ash parts are entrained.
  • the flames and fuel gases flow through the train 8 into the burnout chamber 10, the fuel gases due to the orientation of the train 8 substantially tangential in the Flowing out burnout chamber 10.
  • the ash particles contained in the fuel gases are specifically heavier than the gases and are therefore due to the swirl of the flow on the wall of the burnout 10th crowded. Because the gases are in contact with the wall due to the friction If the boundary layer moves much more slowly than towards the center of the gas flow, they fall on the wall of the burnout chamber 10 coming ash parts down into the Ash room 28 and are discharged from it with a discharge screw 50 (FIG. 3).
  • the combustion gases are removed by the heat exchanger arrangement 12 and the water-cooled lid 13 heat removed.
  • the cooled ones Fuel gases then enter a chimney and are discharged through it.

Abstract

A vertical drive shaft (36) has a housing (36') rotating with it. It has several horizontal overlapping rings sloping down from a central disk to an outermost ring standing on a circular wall (43). The chamber under the ring is divided into sectors by eight vertical walls (37). The dividing walls stand on a baseplate (39) with apertures (42) arranged in a ring. The primary air supply system (1) has a fixed chamber (40) under the rotating baseplate, with apertures (44) of different sizes admitting different amounts of air into the sector-shaped chambers.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Heizeinrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a heating device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei bekannten derartigen Heizeinrichtungen wird die für die Verbrennung notwendige Luft meist von unten her in den Brennraum eingebracht. Dabei ergibt sich jedoch das Problem, dass sich eine über den Querschnitt des Brennraumes im wesentlichen gleichmäßige Verteilung der Primärluft ergibt. Da sich jedoch der Sauerstoffbedarf bei der Verbrennung des festen, meist in Form von Pellets vorliegenden Brennstoffs, im Zuge der Verbrennung ändert, ergeben sich in der Regel Bereiche, in denen Sauerstoffmangel und solche in denen ein Sauerstoffüberschuss in Bezug auf das dem jeweiligen Verbrennungsgrad entsprechenden stöchiometrischen Verhältnisses. Aus diesem Grund ist mit den bekannten derartigen Heizeinrichtungen keine optimale Verbrennung des eingesetzten Brennmaterials zu erreichen.In known heating devices of this type, the air required for combustion is used mostly introduced into the combustion chamber from below. However, the problem arises that is essentially uniform over the cross section of the combustion chamber Distribution of the primary air results. However, since the oxygen demand when burning the solid fuel, usually in the form of pellets, changes during combustion, There are usually areas in which there is a lack of oxygen and those in which Excess oxygen in relation to the corresponding degree of combustion stoichiometric ratio. For this reason, the known ones Heating devices to achieve optimal combustion of the fuel used.

Aus diesem Grund werden Drehroste meist nur bei kleineren Heizeinrichtungen eingesetzt, insbesondere wenn ein kompakter Aufbau der Heizeinrichtungen aufgrund beengter Verhältnisse an deren Aufstellungsort erforderlich ist. Für die Erzielung einer optimalen Verbrennung fester Brennstoffe sind Wanderroste vorteilhafter über deren Weg bereichsweise unterschiedliche Luftmengen zugeführt werden. Allerdings ergibt sich bei den Wanderrosten das Problem eines entsprechend großen Platzbedarfs. Eine ähnlich günstige Luftbeaufschlagung ergibt sich auch bei Schubrosten, über die das Verbrennungsmaterial geschoben wird und über deren Länge die Luftzufuhr variiert.For this reason, rotary gratings are mostly only used for smaller heating devices, especially if the heater is compact due to cramped conditions Conditions at the place of installation is required. For achieving an optimal Combustion of solid fuels, traveling grates are more advantageous in some areas different air volumes are supplied. However, the hiking grates result the problem of a correspondingly large space requirement. A similarly cheap one Air exposure also arises in the case of sliding grates, via which the combustion material is pushed and the length of the air supply varies.

Ziel der Erfindung ist es die Nachteile der eingangs erwähnten Heizeinrichtungen zu vermeiden und eine Lösung vorzuschlagen, durch die eine weitgehend optimale Verbrennung auch bei einem Drehrost ermöglicht wird.The aim of the invention is to address the disadvantages of the heating devices mentioned at the outset avoid and propose a solution by which a largely optimal combustion is also possible with a rotating grate.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies bei einer Heizeinrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 erreicht.According to the invention, this is achieved in the case of a heating device of the type mentioned at the beginning characterizing features of claim 1 achieved.

Durch die vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen wird es ermöglicht, während der Drehung des Drehrostes die Luftzufuhr stetig zu vermindern. Dies ist durch die Trennwände in Verbindung mit der Blende mit den sich über einen bogenförmigen Weg vermindernden Querschnitten der Durchbrechungen bedingt.The proposed measures make it possible during the rotation of the Rotating grate to steadily reduce the air supply. This is related by the partitions with the aperture with the cross sections of the Breakthroughs.

Unmittelbar nach dem Bereich, in dem das Brennmaterial auf den Drehrost aufgebracht wurde, gelangt dieses aufgrund der Drehung des Rostes in den Bereich mit der stärksten Luftzufuhr und beginnt aufgrund der herrschenden Temperatur auszugasen und zu brennen. Durch das Weiterdrehen des Rostes gelangt dieses Brennmaterial nach und nach in Bereiche, in denen aufgrund der sich vermindernden Querschnitte der Durchbrüche der Blende die Luftzufuhr immer geringer wird. Dies ist dadurch bedingt, dass das Brennmaterial während der gesamten Drehbewegung des Drehrostes im Bereich jenes Sektors zwischen zwei Trennwänden liegen bleibt auf dem es aufgebracht wurde und sich die über die Blende zugeführte Primärluft aufgrund der Trennwände nicht über den gesamten Bereich des Drehrostes verteilen kann.Immediately after the area in which the fuel is applied to the rotating grate due to the rotation of the grate, it reaches the area with the strongest Air supply and begins to outgas and burn due to the prevailing temperature. As the grate continues to rotate, this fuel gradually reaches areas in which due to the decreasing cross-sections of the apertures of the aperture Air supply is getting lower. This is due to the fact that the fuel during the total rotational movement of the rotating grate in the area of that sector between two Partitions remain on which it was applied and which is over the panel primary air supplied due to the partitions not over the entire area of the Can distribute rotating grate.

Dadurch ergibt sich auch der Vorteil, dass aufgrund der, verglichen mit den herkömmlichen Heizeinrichtungen der eingangs erwähnten Art, die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der zugeführten Luft geringer ist und daher im Bereich des bereits im wesentlichen durchgebrannten Brennmaterials weniger Asche von den Brenngasen mitgerissen wird.This also has the advantage that, due to the, compared to the conventional Heaters of the type mentioned, the flow rate of supplied air is lower and therefore already in the range of essentially burnt fuel less ash is entrained by the fuel gases.

Um eine besonders gute Trennung der einzelnen durch die Trennwände bestimmten Sektoren im Hinblick auf die Durchströmung der Primärluft zu erreichen, ist es vorteilhaft die Merkmale des Anspruches 5 vorzusehen.A particularly good separation of the individual sectors determined by the partition walls With regard to the flow of primary air, it is advantageous to achieve Provide features of claim 5.

Dadurch wird eine Umströmung der äußeren Ränder der Trennwände, wie auch ein Abströmen von Luft sicher vermieden. Grundsätzlich ist es aber auch möglich eine feststehende Ringwand vorzusehen, an deren Innenseite die Trennwände in einem geringen Abstand vorbeigleiten. Allerdings muss dabei auf entsprechend geringe Spalte geachtet werden.This creates a flow around the outer edges of the partitions, as well Avoid air outflow safely. Basically, it is also possible provide fixed ring wall, on the inside of which the partition walls in a small Glide past. However, attention must be paid to the correspondingly small gaps become.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 2 ergibt sich der Vorteil, einer relativ feinen Unterteilung der Brennzonen des Drehrostes und damit eine sehr gute Anpassung der Luftzufuhr an die jeweiligen Verhältnisse.The features of claim 2 give the advantage of a relatively fine Subdivision of the firing zones of the rotating grate and thus a very good adaptation of the Air supply to the respective conditions.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 3 ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass im Bereich des Ascheaustrags und damit im Bereich des praktisch vollständig ausgebrannten Brennmaterials keine oder nur eine sehr geringe Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Luft bzw. der Brenngase herrscht, wodurch ein Aufwirbeln der Asche weitgehend vermieden wird. Die Austragseinrichtung kann dabei beliebig gestaltet sein und z.B. durch eine Abräumschnecke oder auch durch ein einfaches Abstreifblech gebildet sein.The features of claim 3 have the advantage that in the range of Ash discharge and thus in the area of the practically completely burned-out fuel no or only a very low flow velocity of the air or the fuel gases prevails, whereby a whirling up of the ashes is largely avoided. The The discharge device can be of any design and e.g. through a clearing screw or be formed by a simple scraper.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 4 ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass die mitgerissene Asche durch die im wesentlichen tangential einströmende Sekundärluft ode ein Sekundärluft-Brenngasgemisch gegen die Wand des Ausbrennraumes gedrängt und an dieser abgeschieden wird. Dabei fällt die Asche trotz der sich in einer Schraubenlinie nach oben gerichteten Strömung nach unten und kann von dort aus ausgetragen werden. The features of claim 4 have the advantage that the entrained ash due to the essentially tangential inflowing secondary air or a secondary air / fuel gas mixture pushed against the wall of the burnout room and deposited on it becomes. The ash falls despite the upward spiral Flow down and can be carried out from there.

Die Erfindung wird unter Bezugnahme auf die beigeschlossenen Zeichnungen, in welchen besonders bevorzugte Ausfiihrungsbeispiele dargestellt sind, näher beschrieben. Dabei zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 und 2 schematische axonometrische Ansichten einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung mit abgenommener oberer Abdeckung und ohne Wärmetauscher,
  • Fig. 3 schematisch einen Vertikalschnitt entlang der Linie III-III in der Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 4 schematisch einen Horizontalschnitt entlang der Linie V-V in der Fig. 3 durch einen Drehrost und
  • Fig. 5 einen Vertikalschnitt durch den Drehrost samt Primärluftkammer und Primärluftkanal.
  • The invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which particularly preferred exemplary embodiments are shown. It shows:
  • 1 and 2 are schematic axonometric views of a heating device according to the invention with the top cover removed and without a heat exchanger,
  • 3 schematically shows a vertical section along the line III-III in FIG. 2,
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a horizontal section along the line VV in Fig. 3 by a rotating grate and
  • Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the rotating grate including the primary air chamber and primary air duct.
  • Die Heizeinrichtung weist einen Brennraum 20 auf, der wie aus der Fig. 3 zu ersehen ist, nach oben zu mit einer Abdeckung 4 aus einem feuerfesten Material abgeschlossen ist, die ihrerseits von einem Schutzdeckel 21 abgedeckt ist. Die Wände 23 des Brennraumes 20 sind mit einer Auskleidung 22 aus feuerfestem Material versehen, wobei die Wand 23 als ein Doppelmantel ausgebildet ist, der von Wasser durchströmt ist, das über Anschlüsse 24, 25 abführbar ist, wobei die Zufuhr über im obersten, nicht dargestellten, Bereich des Doppelmantels angeordnete Anschlüsse erfolgt. Wie aus der Fig. 3 zu ersehen ist, ist der Doppelmantel in üblicher Weise mit Sicken zur Sicherung des Abstandes zwischen den beiden Wänden des Doppelmantels und zur Erhöhung seiner mechanischen Festigkeit versehen.The heating device has a combustion chamber 20, which can be seen from FIG. 3 to top is completed with a cover 4 made of a refractory material that in turn is covered by a protective cover 21. The walls 23 of the combustion chamber 20 are provided with a lining 22 made of refractory material, the wall 23 as a Double jacket is formed, which is flowed through by water, which via connections 24, 25th is dissipatable, the supply over in the top, not shown, area of Double jacket arranged connections is made. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the Double jacket in the usual way with beads to secure the distance between the both walls of the double jacket and to increase its mechanical strength Mistake.

    Um einen Zugang zum Brennraum 20 zu ermöglichen, ist eine verschließbare Serviceöffnung 14 vorgesehen.In order to allow access to the combustion chamber 20, there is a lockable service opening 14 provided.

    In dem Brennraum 20 ist ein Drehrost 3 angeordnet, der näher anhand der Fig. 4 und 5 erläutert werden wird. Dieser Drehrost 3 ist von einem nicht dargestellten Getriebemotor angetrieben.A rotating grate 3 is arranged in the combustion chamber 20, which is shown in more detail with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 will be explained. This rotating grate 3 is from a gear motor, not shown driven.

    Unterhalb des Drehrostes 3 verläuft ein Primärluftkanal 1 (Fig. 3), an dem ein Gebläse 26 angeschlossen ist. Weiters ist eine antreibbare Ascheaustragsschnecke 16 vorgesehen, die in einen Raum unterhalb des Drehrostes 3 hineinragt und in einem Stutzen 48 geführt ist.A primary air duct 1 (FIG. 3) runs beneath the rotating grate 3, on which a blower 26 connected. Furthermore, a drivable ash discharge screw 16 is provided, which in protrudes a space below the rotating grate 3 and is guided in a nozzle 48.

    In den Brennraum 20 ragt eine Brennstoff-Zuführschnecke (nicht dargestellt) hinein, die in einem eine Öffnung 27 des Brennraumes 20 durchsetzenden, nicht dargestellten Rohr geführt ist und oberhalb des Drehrostes 3 verläuft. in Drehrichtung des Drehrostes 3 um einen Winkelbetrag gegenüber dieser Brennstoff-Zufiihrschnecke versetzt ist eine Abräumschnecke (nicht dargestellt) vorgesehen, die in einem nicht dargestellten Lager geführt die Wand 23 samt Auskleidung durchsetzt. Diese Abräumschnecke verläuft entsprechend den Mantellinien des im wesentlichen kegelförmigen Drehrostes 3 und dient zum Abräumen des ausgebrannten Brennstoffes, um diesen in den Bereich der Ascheaustragsschnecke 16 zu befördern.A fuel feed screw (not shown) protrudes into the combustion chamber 20 a pipe through an opening 27 of the combustion chamber 20, not shown is and runs above the rotating grate 3. in the direction of rotation of the rotating grate 3 by one An angular amount offset from this fuel feed screw is a clearing screw (not shown) provided, the wall 23 in a bearing, not shown interspersed with lining. This clearing screw runs along the surface lines of the substantially conical rotating grate 3 and serves to clear the burnt out Fuel to convey this in the area of the ash discharge screw 16.

    Weiters ist ein Ausbrennraum 10 vorgesehen, der parallel zum Brennraum 20 angeordnet ist und mit diesem über einen Zug 8 verbunden ist, der sich gegen den Ausbrennraum 10 zu verjüngt und von einem Doppelmantel 7 umgeben ist, der zum Einspeisen von Sekundärluft dient, wobei an der dem Ausbrennraum 10 zugekehrten Stirnseite Luftdüsen 6 vorgesehen sind, die in der Fig. 3 nur teilweise dargestellt sind. Der Ausbrennraum 10 weist einen im wesentlichen kreisrunden Querschnitt auf, wobei die Achse des Zuges 8 im wesentlichen in tangentialer Richtung zum Querschnitt des Ausbrennraumes 10 verläuft.Furthermore, a burnout chamber 10 is provided, which is arranged parallel to the combustion chamber 20 and connected to it via a train 8, which extends towards the burnout chamber 10 is tapered and surrounded by a double jacket 7, which is used to feed in secondary air serves, air nozzles 6 being provided on the end face facing the burnout space 10 are, which are only partially shown in FIG. 3. The burnout chamber 10 has a essentially circular cross-section, the axis of the train 8 essentially in tangential direction to the cross section of the burnout space 10.

    Dieser Ausbrennraum 10 ist mit einer verschließbaren Serviceöffnung 14' versehen. Neben dieser Serviceöffnung 14' ist ein in einem Stutzen 60 angeordnete Sichtöffnung angeordnet.This burnout space 10 is provided with a closable service opening 14 '. Next this service opening 14 'has a viewing opening arranged in a connecting piece 60.

    Im Bereich des Ausbrennraumes 10 ist ein Ascheraum 28 vorgesehen, der durch ein im wesentlichen an der Mündung des Zuges 8 in den Ausbrennraum 10 ansetzendes Trennblech 9 begrenzt ist, das sich schräg nach unten zu erstreckt. Dieses Trennblech 9 ist doppelwandig ausgebildet (Fig. 3) und dient zur Zufuhr von Sekundärluft zum Doppelmantel 7 des Zuges 8.In the area of the burnout chamber 10, an ash chamber 28 is provided, which by a essentially at the mouth of the train 8 into the burnout space 10 separating plate 9 is limited, which extends obliquely downwards. This partition plate 9 is double-walled formed (Fig. 3) and serves to supply secondary air to the double jacket 7 of the train 8th

    Diese Sekundärluft wird dem Trennblech 9 über einen Sekundärluftkanal 29 (Fig. 3) von einem Gebläse 30 zugeführt. Dabei ist das Innere des doppelwandigen Trennbleches 9, das sich auch unter der Unterseite des Zuges 8 erstreckt, über eine Öffnung 31 mit dem Inneren des Doppelmantels 7 des Zuges 8 verbunden. Dadurch durchströmt die Sekundärluft das Innere des doppelwandigen Trennblechs 9 und das Innere des Doppelmantels 7 des Zuges 8, wodurch die Sekundärluft durch die den Zug 8 durchströmenden Brenngase erwärmt wird, bevor sie über die Düsen 6 in den Ausbrennraum 10 strömt.This secondary air is the partition plate 9 via a secondary air channel 29 (Fig. 3) fed to a blower 30. The inside of the double-walled partition 9 is the also extends below the underside of the train 8, via an opening 31 with the inside of the double jacket 7 of the train 8 connected. As a result, the secondary air flows through it Interior of the double-walled partition plate 9 and the interior of the double jacket 7 of the train 8, whereby the secondary air is heated by the fuel gases flowing through the train 8, before it flows into the burnout chamber 10 via the nozzles 6.

    Der Ausbrennraum 10, dessen Wand ebenfalls mit einer Auskleidung 4 aus einem feuerfesten Material versehen ist, erstreckt sich durch den Schutzdeckel 21 hindurch nach oben. In diesem oberen Bereich 11 der Ausbrennkammer 10 ist auch eine Wärmetauscher-Anordnung 12 beliebiger Bauart und ein wassergekühlter Deckel 13 vorgesehen. Die Ausbrennkammer 10, 11 ist über einen nicht dargestellten Abzug mit einem Kamin (nicht dargestellt) verbunden.The burnout chamber 10, the wall of which is also lined with a refractory lining 4 Material is provided, extends through the protective cover 21 upwards. In this The upper region 11 of the burnout chamber 10 is also a heat exchanger arrangement 12 any type and a water-cooled cover 13 are provided. The burnout chamber 10, 11 is connected to a chimney (not shown) via a fume cupboard, not shown.

    Wie aus den Fig. 4 und 5 zu ersehen ist, weist der Drehrost 3 acht Trennwände 37 auf, die sich radial von einer Hülse 36' weg nach außen erstrecken und deren Oberseiten getreppt ausgeführt sind. Die Hülse 36' ist drehfest mit einer Welle 36 verbunden, die von einem nicht dargestellten Getriebemotor angetrieben ist. Die radial äußeren Stirnseiten der Trennwände 37 sind über eine Ringwand 43 miteinander verbunden. Die durch die je zwei Trennwände 37 bestimmten Sektoren 34 sind daher praktisch abgeschlossen und es kann daher praktisch keine Luft von einem Sektor 34 in den benachbarten Sektor 34 überströmen.As can be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5, the rotating grate 3 has eight partition walls 37 which extend radially outward from a sleeve 36 'and the tops thereof are stepped are executed. The sleeve 36 'is rotatably connected to a shaft 36 which is not one shown geared motor is driven. The radially outer end faces of the partition walls 37 are connected to one another via an annular wall 43. The through the two partitions 37th certain sectors 34 are therefore practically closed and therefore can be practical no air flows from one sector 34 to the adjacent sector 34.

    Die Trennwände 37 sind weiters mit einem Aschering 39 verbunden, der mit ringförmig angeordneten Durchbrechungen 42 versehen ist, zwischen denen nur relativ schmale Stege verbleiben. An den oberen getreppten Rändern der Trennwände 37 sind Rostringe 46 befestigt. Dabei sind die nach oben zu kleinere Durchmesser aufweisenden Rostringe 46 voneinander in vertikaler Richtung distanziert, sodass zwischen den einzelnen Rostringen 46 Spalte 47 verbleiben. Über diese Spalte kann Primärluft in den Brennraum 20 einströmen und dabei das auf den Rostringen 46 liegende feste Brennmaterial durchströmen. Die Rostringe sind üblicherweise mit nicht dargestellten Schlitzen versehen, um Verwerfungen aufgrund von thermischen Spannungen zu vermeiden.The partitions 37 are also connected to an ash ring 39, which is ring-shaped arranged openings 42 is provided, between which only relatively narrow webs remain. Rust rings 46 are located on the upper stepped edges of the partition walls 37 attached. The rust rings 46, which have an upward smaller diameter, are spaced from each other in the vertical direction so that between the individual grate rings 46 Column 47 remain. Primary air can flow into the combustion chamber 20 via this column flow through the solid fuel lying on the grate rings 46. The rust rings are usually provided with slots, not shown, to avoid warping to avoid thermal stresses.

    Der Aschering 39, der mit der Ringwand 43 und der Hülse 36' fest verbunden ist, dreht sich in geringem Abstand oberhalb einer fest angeordneten Primärluftkammer 40, die oben durch eine Blende 33 abgeschlossen ist, die mit in einem Kreisbogen angeordneten Durchbrechungen 44 versehen ist. Dabei sind die Durchbrechungen 44 der Blende 33 auf einen Kreisbogen angeordnet, der sich mit dem Kreisbogen, auf dem die Durchbrechungen 42 des Ascheringes 39 angeordnet sind, im wesentlichen deckt. Die Querschnitte der Durchbrechungen 44 der Blende 33 vermindern sich stetig (Fig. 4) vom Bereich der Brennstoff-Zufuhrschnecke (nicht dargestellt) weg gegen die Abräumschnecke (nicht dargestellt) zu, wobei sich beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die Durchbrechungen über einen Winkel von ca. 240° erstrecken. Dabei ist ein Teilbereich der Blende 33 frei von Durchbrechungen 44 gehalten.The ash ring 39, which is firmly connected to the ring wall 43 and the sleeve 36 ', rotates in a short distance above a fixed primary air chamber 40 through the top an aperture 33 is completed, which is arranged in an arc Openings 44 is provided. The openings 44 of the diaphragm 33 are open arranged a circular arc that is aligned with the circular arc on which the openings 42 of the ash ring 39 are arranged, essentially covers. The cross sections of the Openings 44 of the diaphragm 33 decrease continuously (FIG. 4) from the area of the Fuel feed screw (not shown) away against the clearing screw (not shown) to, the openings in the illustrated embodiment extend an angle of approx. 240 °. A portion of the aperture 33 is free of Openings 44 held.

    Die Zufuhr von Primärluft zur Primärluftkammer 40 erfolgt über den Primärluftkanal 1, wobei die Primärluftkammer 40 an ihrer Unterseite im Bereich des Primärluftkanals 1 Durchbrüche 41 aufweist, über die die Luft einströmen kann.The supply of primary air to the primary air chamber 40 takes place via the primary air duct 1, the primary air chamber 40 on its underside in the area of the primary air duct 1 Breakthroughs 41 has, through which the air can flow.

    Im Betrieb wird festes Brennmaterial, z.B. Pellets mit der Brennstoff-Zufuhrschnecke, die durch die Öffnung 27 in den Brennraum 20 hineinragt, eingebracht und auf dem Drehrost 3 aufgebracht. Das Brennmaterial gast aufgrund der im Brennraum 20 herrschenden Temperaturen aus und die Gase entzünden sich. In dem der Brennstoff-Zufiihrschnecke nahen Bereich befinden sich die Durchbrechungen 44 der Blende 33 mit den größten Querschnitten. Dadurch wird in diesem Bereich viel Primärluft zugeführt.Solid fuel, e.g. Pellets with the fuel feed screw that protrudes through the opening 27 into the combustion chamber 20, introduced and on the rotating grate 3 applied. The fuel is gas due to the prevailing in the combustion chamber 20 Temperatures out and the gases ignite. In the near the fuel feed screw Area are the openings 44 of the diaphragm 33 with the largest cross sections. As a result, a lot of primary air is supplied in this area.

    Beim Weiterdrehen des Drehrostes 3 gelangt der durch die Trennwände 37 bestimmte Sektor 34 des Drehrostes 3, auf welchem das Brennmaterial aufgebracht wurde in Bereiche der Durchbrechungen 44 der Blende 33 mit kleineren Querschnitten, wodurch dem langsam ausbrennenden Brennmaterial immer weniger Luft zugeführt wird, wodurch das Brennmaterial im Zuge seiner fortschreitenden Verbrennung stets im wesentlichen optimal mit Luft versorgt wird, da sich eben im Zuge der fortschreitenden Verbrennung der Luftbedarf vermindert.As the rotating grate 3 continues to rotate, the sector determined by the partition walls 37 arrives 34 of the rotating grate 3, on which the fuel was applied in areas of Openings 44 of the aperture 33 with smaller cross sections, which makes it slow burning fuel less and less air is supplied, which Fuel in the course of its progressive combustion always essentially optimal is supplied with air, because in the course of the progressive combustion of the Air consumption reduced.

    Im Bereich der nicht dargestellten Abräumschnecke, die im Bereich des Zuges 8 angeordnet ist, weist die Blende 39 keine Durchbrüche mehr auf. Dadurch herrscht im Bereich jenes Sektors 34, über dem sich die Abräumschnecke befindet, wenn überhaupt, so nur eine sehr geringe Luftströmung, wodurch nur wenige Ascheteile mitgerissen werden.In the area of the clearing screw, not shown, which is arranged in the area of the train 8 the aperture 39 no longer has any openings. This means that there is one in the area Sector 34, above which the scraper screw is located, if at all, is only a very small one low air flow, which means that only a few ash parts are entrained.

    Die Flammen und Brenngase strömen durch den Zug 8 hindurch in den Ausbrennraum 10, wobei die Brenngase aufgrund der Ausrichtung des Zuges 8 im wesentlichen tangential in den Ausbrennraum 10 einströmen.The flames and fuel gases flow through the train 8 into the burnout chamber 10, the fuel gases due to the orientation of the train 8 substantially tangential in the Flowing out burnout chamber 10.

    Gleichzeitig wird Sekundärluft über den Sekundärluftkanal 29 und das doppelwandige Trennblech 9 in den Doppelmantel 7 des Zuges 8 eingebracht und strömt über die Düsen 6 in den Ausbrennraum 10 in tangentialer Richtung ein und vermischt sich mit den Brenngasen. Dadurch brennen diese auf ihrem im wesentlichen schraubenlinienförmigen Weg durch den Ausbrennraum 10 aus.At the same time, secondary air via the secondary air duct 29 and the double-walled Partition plate 9 introduced into the double jacket 7 of the train 8 and flows through the nozzles 6 in the burnout chamber 10 in the tangential direction and mixes with the fuel gases. As a result, they burn on their essentially helical path through the Burnout chamber 10 out.

    Die in den Brenngasen enthaltenen Ascheteilchen sind spezifisch schwerer als die Gase und werden daher aufgrund des Dralls der Strömung an die Wand des Ausbrennraumes 10 gedrängt. Da die Gase aufgrund der Reibung sich in einer an der Wand anliegenden Grenzschicht wesentlich langsamer bewegen als gegen die Mitte des Gasstromes zu, fallen die an der Wand des Ausbrennraumes 10 zur Anlage kommenden Ascheteile nach unten in den Ascheraum 28 und werden aus diesem mit einer Austragschnecke 50 (Fig. 3) ausgetragen.The ash particles contained in the fuel gases are specifically heavier than the gases and are therefore due to the swirl of the flow on the wall of the burnout 10th crowded. Because the gases are in contact with the wall due to the friction If the boundary layer moves much more slowly than towards the center of the gas flow, they fall on the wall of the burnout chamber 10 coming ash parts down into the Ash room 28 and are discharged from it with a discharge screw 50 (FIG. 3).

    Im oberen Bereich des Ausbrennraumes wird den Brenngasen durch die Wärmetauscher-Anordnung 12 und den wassergekühlten Deckel 13 Wärme entzogen. Die abgekühlten Brenngase gelangen anschließend in einen Kamin und werden über diesen abgeführt.In the upper area of the burnout chamber, the combustion gases are removed by the heat exchanger arrangement 12 and the water-cooled lid 13 heat removed. The cooled ones Fuel gases then enter a chimney and are discharged through it.

    Claims (5)

    Heizeinrichtung mit einem Brennraum (20) in dem ein Drehrost (3) angeordnet ist und in den eine Brennstoffzufuhr mündet und in dem eine Asche-Austragseinrichtung angeordnet ist, wobei eine Primärluftzufuhr (26, 1, 40) vorgesehen ist, , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Primärluftzufuhr (26, 1, 40) eine unterhalb des Drehrostes (3) angeordnete Primärluftkammer (40) umfasst, die gegen den Brennraum (20) zu mit einer Blende (33) abgedeckt ist, die mit einer Anzahl von Durchbrüchen (44) versehen ist, die in Umfangsrichtung angeordnet sind und sich über einen Kreisbogen erstrecken der kleiner als 360° ist, und in Bewegungsrichtung des Drehrostes (3) einen sich stetig vermindernden Querschnitt aufweisen und der Drehrost (3) mit sich mit diesem mitdrehenden radial verlaufenden dichten und in Richtung einer Drehachse (36) des Drehrostes (3) stehenden Trennwänden (37) versehen ist, die getrennte Sektoren (34) bestimmen, wobei diese Sektoren (34) radial außen von einer dichten Ringwand (43) begrenzt sind.Heating device with a combustion chamber (20) in which a rotating grate (3) is arranged and into which a fuel supply opens and in which an ash discharge device is arranged, a primary air supply (26, 1, 40) being provided, characterized in that the primary air supply (26, 1, 40) comprises a primary air chamber (40) which is arranged below the rotating grate (3) and which is covered against the combustion chamber (20) by an aperture (33) which is provided with a number of openings (44) is, which are arranged in the circumferential direction and extend over a circular arc which is smaller than 360 °, and have a continuously decreasing cross-section in the direction of movement of the rotating grate (3) and the rotating grate (3) with them rotating with it radially extending and in In the direction of an axis of rotation (36) of the rotating grate (3), there are provided partition walls (37) which determine separate sectors (34), these sectors (34) being radially outward from a dense ring wall ( 43) are limited. Heizeinrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Drehrost (3) vier bis zehn, vorzugsweise sechs, radial verlaufende Trennwände (37) aufweist.Heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating grate (3) has four to ten, preferably six, radially extending partition walls (37). Heizeinrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Asche-Austragseinrichtung oberhalb jenes Bereiches der Blende (33) angeordnet ist, der frei von Durchbrechungen (44) gehalten ist.Heating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ash discharge device is arranged above that area of the screen (33) which is kept free of openings (44). Heizeinrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass neben dem den Drehrost (3) aufweisenden Brennraum (20) ein parallel zu dessen Achse verlaufender Ausbrennraum (20) vorgesehen ist, der mit dem Brennraum (20) über einen in dessen unterem Bereich angeordneten, im wesentlichen horizontal verlaufenden Zug (8) verbunden ist, wobei im Bereich dieses Zuges (8) Düsen (6) zum Einleiten von Sekundärluft oder ein Sekundärluft-Brenngasgemisch angeordnet sind, die im wesentlichen tangential in den einen im wesentlichen kreisrunden Querschnitt aufweisenden Ausbrennraum (10) münden.Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in addition to the combustion chamber (20) having the rotating grate (3) there is provided a burnout chamber (20) running parallel to its axis, which burns out with the combustion chamber (20) via a lower one Area arranged, essentially horizontal train (8) is connected, in the area of this train (8) nozzles (6) for introducing secondary air or a secondary air / fuel gas mixture are arranged, which are substantially tangential in the having a substantially circular cross-section Burnout chamber (10) open. Heizeinrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ringwand (43) mit den Trennwänden (37) im wesentlichen dicht verbunden ist und sich mit dem Drehrost (3) mitdreht.Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ring wall (43) is connected to the partition walls (37) essentially tightly and rotates with the rotating grate (3).
    EP20040450071 2003-05-14 2004-03-29 Heating Device Expired - Lifetime EP1477736B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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    AT7402003 2003-05-14
    AT7402003A AT412307B (en) 2003-05-14 2003-05-14 HEATING DEVICE

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    EP1477736B1 EP1477736B1 (en) 2012-08-08

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    ITBS20100193A1 (en) * 2010-11-30 2012-05-31 Carlo Casana BOILER FOR BIOMASS COMBUSTION
    CN104315525A (en) * 2014-09-22 2015-01-28 济南沃福工贸有限公司 Downward air supply stepped rotary fire grate and furnace body
    CN104913313A (en) * 2015-06-09 2015-09-16 广东昕旺环保科技发展有限公司 Novel pyrolysis gasification melting environment-friendly furnace and method for processing wastes of novel pyrolysis gasification melting environment-friendly furnace
    CN114018023A (en) * 2021-11-30 2022-02-08 广西抿元投资控股集团有限公司 Sectional type combustion equipment based on electronic information control technology

    Families Citing this family (2)

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    CN107166398A (en) * 2017-07-13 2017-09-15 四川挺立机电科技有限公司 A kind of array is superimposed integrated self- steering castoff heat cracking complete set of equipments
    CN110006044B (en) * 2019-03-22 2023-09-29 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 Circular structure's garbage incinerator

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    FR809625A (en) * 1936-08-14 1937-03-08 Schmidt Sche Heissdampf Bowl-shaped cooking grate
    DE862479C (en) * 1942-04-09 1953-01-12 Annemarie Sieglinde Schmidt Firing with ring-shaped rotating grate

    Cited By (6)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    ITBS20100193A1 (en) * 2010-11-30 2012-05-31 Carlo Casana BOILER FOR BIOMASS COMBUSTION
    WO2012073199A1 (en) * 2010-11-30 2012-06-07 La Coro Impianti S.R.L. Furnace for the combustion of biomasses
    CN104315525A (en) * 2014-09-22 2015-01-28 济南沃福工贸有限公司 Downward air supply stepped rotary fire grate and furnace body
    CN104913313A (en) * 2015-06-09 2015-09-16 广东昕旺环保科技发展有限公司 Novel pyrolysis gasification melting environment-friendly furnace and method for processing wastes of novel pyrolysis gasification melting environment-friendly furnace
    CN114018023A (en) * 2021-11-30 2022-02-08 广西抿元投资控股集团有限公司 Sectional type combustion equipment based on electronic information control technology
    CN114018023B (en) * 2021-11-30 2022-09-20 广西抿元投资控股集团有限公司 Sectional type combustion equipment based on electronic information control technology

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP1477736B1 (en) 2012-08-08
    ATA7402003A (en) 2004-05-15
    AT412307B (en) 2004-12-27

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