EP1477734B1 - Heating device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a heating device according to the preamble of claim 1.

In known heating devices of this type, the burn-out space is usually formed by a multiplicity of pulls, which generally run essentially parallel to one another and have a generally relatively small cross section, through which fuel gases flow and are introduced into the secondary air.

From According to the EP 1 085 259 A1 a heating device is known, wherein parallel to a vertical combustion chamber, a Ausbrennkammer provided, wherein the combustion chamber via a horizontal train through which fuel gases flow is in communication with the Ausbrennkammer.

From According to the DE 296 05 801 U1 For example, a heating device is known in which a combustion chamber aligned in parallel with a vertical combustion chamber is provided.

However, there is the disadvantage that ash parts are entrained and usually deposit in deflections of the trains, so that the ashes must be discharged from a variety of such deflection. However, this is associated with a considerable design effort, or it is necessary in relatively short time intervals, a shutdown of the system for cleaning purposes.

The aim of the invention is to avoid these disadvantages and to propose a heating device of the type mentioned, in which the possibly entrained ashes can be discharged quickly and easily.

This is achieved according to the invention in a heating device of the type mentioned by the characterizing features of claim 1.

The proposed measures ensure that the fuel channel is forced into a helical motion by the introduction of secondary air or a mixture of secondary air with fuel gases in the Ausbrennraum in the tangential direction. As a result, however, the ash parts are urged against the wall of Ausbrennraumes due to their relative to the fuel gases of higher specific mass and are slowed down at this due to the friction and the lower velocity of the voltage applied to the wall layers of the fuel gases. From the bottom of the Ausbrennraumes the ash can be discharged very easily, for example with a discharge screw. In addition, it comes in the flow of secondary air through the interior the double mantle of the train to a heating of the same by the flowing through the train fuel gases.

Due to the features of claim 2, there is the advantage that the fuel gases including the secondary air are practically over the entire height of Ausbrennraumes in a helical motion and it comes to a very good separation of the ash parts and a good mixing of the fuel gases with the secondary air , whereby the combustion gases practically burn out completely.

In this context, it is advantageous to provide the features of claim 3, whereby a further heating of the secondary air is made possible.

Due to the features of claim 4, there is the advantage that the deposited ash on the wall of Ausbrennraumes can slide into the ash space.

Due to the features of claim 5 results in a structurally very simple solution, in which it is also ensured that the entire fuel gases are forced in the region of Ausbrennraumes in a helical motion, which achieved in a simple way a high degree of deposition of entrained ash particles becomes.

In this context, it is particularly advantageous to provide the features of claim 6, by which measures the inflow velocity of the fuel gases is increased in the Ausbrennraum.

• Fig. 1 und 2 schematische axonometrische Ansichten einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung mit abgenommener oberer Abdeckung und ohne Wärmetauscher,
• Fig. 3 schematisch einen Vertikalschnitt entlang der Linie III-III in der Fig. 2,
• Fig. 4 schematisch einen Horizontalschnitt entlang der Linie V-V in der Fig. 3 durch einen Drehrost und
• Fig. 5 einen Vertikalschnitt durch den Drehrost samt Primärluftkammer und Primärluftkanal.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which particularly preferred embodiments are shown. Showing:

• Fig. 1 and 2 schematic axonometric views of a heater according to the invention with removed top cover and without heat exchanger,
• Fig. 3 schematically a vertical section along the line III-III in the Fig. 2 .
• Fig. 4 schematically a horizontal section along the line VV in the Fig. 3 through a rotating grate and
• Fig. 5 a vertical section through the rotary grate together with primary air chamber and primary air duct.

The heater has a combustion chamber 20, as shown in Fig. 3 can be seen, is closed at the top with a cover 4 made of a refractory material, which in turn is covered by a protective cover 21. The walls 23 of the combustion chamber 20 are provided with a lining 22 made of refractory material, wherein the wall 23 is formed as a double jacket, which is traversed by water, via connections 24, 25th can be discharged, wherein the supply via the top, not shown, arranged region of the double jacket connections. Like from the Fig. 3 is to be seen is the Double coat provided in a conventional manner with beads to secure the distance between the two walls of the double jacket and to increase its mechanical strength.

In order to allow access to the combustion chamber 20, a closable service opening 14 is provided.

In the combustion chamber 20, a rotary grate 3 is arranged, which is closer to the basis of Fig. 4 and 5 will be explained. This rotary grate 3 is driven by a geared motor, not shown.

Below the rotary grate 3 runs a primary air duct 1 ( Fig. 3 ) to which a blower 26 is connected. Furthermore, a drivable ash discharge screw 16 is provided, which projects into a space below the rotary grate 3 and is stirred in a nozzle 48.

In the combustion chamber 20, a fuel feed screw (not shown) protrudes, which is guided in an opening 27 of the combustion chamber 20 passing through, not shown pipe and extending above the rotary grate 3. offset in the direction of rotation of the rotary grate 3 by an angular amount relative to this fuel feed screw a Abräumschnecke (not shown) is provided, which guided in a bearing, not shown, the wall 23 passes through together with lining. This clearance screw runs in accordance with the generatrices of the substantially conical rotary grate 3 and serves to clear the burnt-out fuel in order to transport it into the area of the ash discharge screw 16.

Furthermore, a Ausbrennraum 10 is provided, which is arranged parallel to the combustion chamber 20 and is connected thereto via a train 8, which tapers against the Ausbrennraum 10 and is surrounded by a double jacket 7, which serves for feeding of secondary air, wherein at the the Ausbrennraum 10 facing end face air nozzles 6 are provided which in the Fig. 3 only partially shown. The Ausbrennraum 10 has a substantially circular cross section, wherein the axis of the train 8 extends substantially in the tangential direction to the cross section of the Ausbrennraumes 10.

This Ausbrennraum 10 is provided with a closable service opening 14 '. In addition to this service opening 14 'arranged in a socket 60 viewing opening is arranged.

In the area of Ausbrennraumes 10 an ash compartment 28 is provided, which is bounded by a substantially at the mouth of the train 8 in the Ausbrennraum 10 attached separating plate 9, which extends obliquely downwards. This separating plate 9 is double-walled ( Fig. 3 ) and serves to supply secondary air to the double jacket 7 of the train. 8

This secondary air is the separating plate 9 via a secondary air channel 29 ( Fig. 3 ) supplied from a blower 30. In this case, the interior of the double-walled separating plate 9, which also extends under the underside of the train 8, is connected via an opening 31 to the interior of the double jacket 7 of the train 8. As a result, the secondary air flows through the interior of the double-walled separating plate 9 and the interior of the double jacket 7 of the train 8, whereby the secondary air is heated by the fuel gases flowing through the train 8 before it flows via the nozzles 6 in the Ausbrennraum 10.

The Ausbrennraum 10, whose wall is also provided with a lining 4 made of a refractory material, extends through the protective cover 21 therethrough upwards. In this upper region 11 of the Ausbrennkammer 10 and a heat exchanger assembly 12 of any type and a water-cooled cover 13 is provided. The burnout chamber 10, 11 is connected via a deduction, not shown, with a chimney (not shown).

Like from the Fig. 4 and 5 can be seen, the rotary grate 3 eight partitions 37 which extend radially from a sleeve 36 'away to the outside and the tops are made trepanned. The sleeve 36 'is rotatably connected to a shaft 36 which is driven by a geared motor, not shown. The radially outer end faces of the partition walls 37 are connected to each other via an annular wall 43. The sectors 34, which are each defined by the two dividing walls 37, are therefore practically closed and, as a result, virtually no air can flow over from one sector 34 into the adjacent sector 34.

The partitions 37 are further connected to an Aschering 39, which is provided with annular openings 42, between which only relatively narrow webs remain. At the top stepped edges of the partitions 37 rust rings 46 are attached. In this case, the up to smaller diameter having rust rings 46 are spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction, so that between the individual rust rings 46 column 47 remain. Through this column, primary air can flow into the combustion chamber 20 and thereby flow through the solid fuel lying on the grate rings 46. The grid rings are usually provided with slots, not shown, to avoid distortions due to thermal stresses.

The Aschering 39, which is fixedly connected to the annular wall 43 and the sleeve 36 ', rotates a short distance above a fixed primary air chamber 40, which is closed at the top by a diaphragm 33 which is provided with arranged in a circular arc openings 44. The apertures 44 of the aperture 33 are arranged on a circular arc, which is connected to the circular arc on which the openings 42nd the Ascheringes 39 are arranged, covers substantially. The cross sections of the apertures 44 of the aperture 33 are steadily decreasing ( Fig. 4 ) from the area of the fuel feed screw (not shown) away against the Abräumschnecke (not shown), wherein in the illustrated embodiment, the openings extend over an angle of about 240 °. In this case, a portion of the aperture 33 is kept free of openings 44.

The supply of primary air to the primary air chamber 40 via the primary air duct 1, wherein the primary air chamber 40 has on its underside in the region of the primary air duct 1 openings 41 through which the air can flow.

In operation, solid fuel, e.g. Pellets with the fuel supply screw, which projects through the opening 27 into the combustion chamber 20, introduced and applied to the rotary grate 3. Due to the temperatures prevailing in the combustion chamber 20, the fuel gas is exhausted and the gases ignite. In the vicinity of the fuel supply screw area, the openings 44 of the aperture 33 are located with the largest cross sections. As a result, a lot of primary air is supplied in this area.

As the rotary grate 3 continues to rotate, the sector 34 of the rotary grate 3 on which the fuel material has been applied reaches into regions of the perforations 44 of the diaphragm 33 with smaller cross sections, whereby less and less air is supplied to the slowly burning fuel material, as a result of which the fuel material In the course of its progressive combustion, it is always supplied essentially optimally with air, since in the course of progressive combustion the demand for air is reduced.

In the region of the removal screw, not shown, which is arranged in the region of the train 8, the diaphragm 39 no breakthroughs on more. As a result, prevails in the area of that sector 34, over which the Abräumschnecke is, if at all, so only a very small flow of air, causing only a few ash parts are entrained.

The flames and fuel gases flow through the train 8 through into the Ausbrennraum 10, wherein the fuel gases flow due to the orientation of the train 8 substantially tangentially into the Ausbrennraum 10.

At the same time secondary air is introduced via the secondary air duct 29 and the double-walled separating plate 9 in the double jacket 7 of the train 8 and flows through the nozzles 6 in the Ausbrennraum 10 in the tangential direction and mixes with the fuel gases.

As a result, they burn out on their essentially helical path through the Ausbrennraum 10.

The ash particles contained in the combustion gases are specifically heavier than the gases and are therefore forced to the wall of the Ausbrennraumes 10 due to the swirl of the flow. Since the gases move due to the friction in a voltage applied to the wall boundary layer much slower than towards the middle of the gas stream, coming on the wall of the Ausbrennraumes 10 ash parts falling down into the ash chamber 28 and are out of this with a discharge screw 50 ( Fig. 3 ).

In the upper part of the Ausbrennraumes the fuel gases through the heat exchanger assembly 12 and the water-cooled cover 13 heat is removed. The cooled fuel gases then pass into a chimney and are discharged via this.

Claims (6)

1. A heating device, comprising a combustion chamber (20), into which a fuel feed pipe opens and which is connected via a substantially horizontal flue (8) with burn-up chamber (10), into which at least one inlet (6) opens for secondary air and/or a mixture of secondary air and combustion gases, wherein the burn-up chamber (10) is aligned vertically and has a substantially circular cross section, wherein the inlet (6) opens tangentially into the burn-up chamber (10), characterized in that the flue (8) is arranged with a double jacket (7), the interior of which can be supplied with secondary air, wherein nozzles (6) are arranged on the face side facing the burn-up chamber (10).
2. A heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet (6) is arranged in the bottom region of the burn-up chamber (10).
3. A heating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the supply of secondary air to the interior of the double jacket (7) of the flue (8) occurs via a double-walled separating plate (9) which separates the combustion chamber (20) from the burn-up chamber (10) beneath the flue (8).
4. A heating device according to claim 3, characterized in that the double-walled separating plate (9) is arranged diagonally downwards and delimits an ash chamber (28) in the region of the burn-up chamber (10).
5. A heating device according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flue (8) opens tangentially into the burn-up chamber (10).
6. A heating device according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the flue (8) has a cross-section which tapers in the direction towards the burn-up chamber.

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