EP1465802A1

EP1465802A1 - Ship with composite structure

Info

Publication number: EP1465802A1
Application number: EP02790292A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Friedrich Grimm
Original assignee: Grimm Sabine; Matthaei Oliver; Schotte Tim
Current assignee: GRIMM, SABINE; MATTHAEI, OLIVER
Priority date: 2001-10-16
Filing date: 2002-10-16
Publication date: 2004-10-13
Anticipated expiration: 2022-10-16
Also published as: PT1465802E; JP4369753B2; DE50203305D1; HK1073284A1; CN100509544C; KR100959819B1; ES2242894T3; JP2005505473A; CN1582240A; ATE296748T1; WO2003033338A1; EP1465802B1; KR20050037414A; DK1465802T3

Abstract

The invention relates to a ship which has a hull structure consisting of at least one supporting framework (1), a projecting structure (2) and a hydrodynamic underwater hull (113). The supporting framework (1) comprises a solid truss structure (1) with an upper flange (10), a lower flange (11) and web members (12).

Description

October 16, 2002 Ship in composite construction

The invention relates to a ship, the supporting structure of which is formed by a spatial truss and in which the lower and upper straps connect to one another in a flexurally rigid, shear and torsion-resistant manner, the lower straps consisting either of parts or of the entire underwater ship. The entire expansion is independent of this and has a secondary supporting structure in skeleton construction consisting of supports, tension rods and filigree deck girders, which introduces the expansion loads into the primary, spatial truss girder. The entire expansion structure is essentially freed from the global load-bearing function of the truss in skeleton construction and is essentially only subjected to loads from its own weight, traffic loads and loads from dynamic loads.

In DE 36 18 851 C2 a floating structure is presented, in which a flat floating body with a structure of support members that support the ceilings and walls is provided. Since this is not a ship, the support structure proposed here is not designed as a spatial truss with a lower and an upper belt. The idea of a systematic separation between a primary support structure and a secondary expansion structure is also not disclosed.

From the patent specification 443 599 dated May 3, 1927, a hull construction is known which is constructed from load-bearing shells with additional, diagonal bandages in the area of the outer side walls. The idea of a spatial truss girder, in which only filler rods have a lower and an upper flange Bending, shear and torsional stiffness is not anticipated here.

Based on the prior art shown, the invention is based on two tasks.

Firstly, the load-bearing capacity, the rigidity and thus also the service life of a fuselage structure should be increased. For this purpose, it is proposed to design the ship's hull as a spatial truss, the upper and lower straps of which are spaced as far apart as possible so that a maximum inner lever arm is available for absorbing the bending stress. Due to the concentration of the construction mass in the area of the upper and lower girths, the hull cross-section shows a mass distribution that is optimally adapted to the bending stress prevailing on cargo and passenger ships. The less stressed web zone of the girder is designed as a frame or truss in the longitudinal direction of the ship. In the case of a tube cross section, these frame or truss discs lie in the area of the side walls and are visible from the outside or are not perceivable from the outside as structural parts indented behind the side wall. The necessary torsional rigidity of the fuselage construction is ensured by frame or truss discs arranged transversely to the direction of travel. The space between the upper belt and the lower belt offers maximum flexibility for an expansion structure that has been freed from the load-bearing function.

Truss structures are constructions made of a large number of bars (compression and tension bars) which are connected to each other at the so-called nodes in such a way that triangles are preferably immovable. Due to the design, the rods can be both articulated and rigid be connected to each other, and a three-dimensional framework construction results in a torsionally rigid tube. The individual bars of the framework construction are divided into outer belt bars and inner fill bars. The outer chord rods form the U rift of the truss structure and are divided into top chord rods, which run on the top of the truss, and bottom chord rods, which run on the underside of the truss. The inner cross bars run between the top chord bars and the bottom chord bars. If the bars are inclined, they are called diagonals or struts, if the bars run vertically between the upper and lower chord, they are called stands or posts. In a truss construction, bending stress is basically resolved into compressive and tensile stress in the belts, which leads to an optimized material consumption. The filler rods take on the function of the web of a monolithic cross section.

The second object of the invention is to achieve considerable weight savings in the expansion structure through the use of light structures, from which a cost saving for the entire operating cycle - from construction to maintenance and operation to dismantling - can be demonstrated. For a cruise ship, for example, the maximum flexibility of the expansion structure means optimally fulfilling customer requirements. Changes to the floor plan can be made at any time without affecting the fuselage structure. In addition, the apartments offer an unprecedented quality of stay with large-area glazing of the side walls, upstream building icons and the possibility of benefiting from a pleasant indoor climate through a shared winter garden, even in adverse external conditions. All decks above the freeboard, all longitudinal and transverse walls and the outboard walls are essentially freed from the global support function and can are designed as independent system constructions that are optimally adapted to their function. Within the scope of the invention, it is possible to integrate atriums, halls and conservatories across decks in cruise ships as desired into the volume defined by the supporting structure. Above the waterline, the outer side walls can be opened extensively. There is the greatest possible freedom in terms of design and choice of materials. For shipbuilding itself, construction methods are proposed in which large-format, prefabricated modules are joined together by welding or screw connections. The extensive decoupling of the expansion structure from the supporting structure also leads to a reduction in the oscillations and vibrations caused by the propellers. This significantly improves the quality of stay in the rooms for the crew and passengers. The material for the primary support structure is steel. The rod-shaped support elements consist of rolled sections or hollow sections which are screwed or welded to the lower and upper tapes. The filler rods can also be designed as three- and four-belt rods, so that the filler rod itself forms an open truss. The framework structure between the top and bottom straps is designed according to the flow of force. In addition to continuous filler rods between the underwater hull and the upper deck, delicate framework structures are also conceivable, which consist of several bars arranged side by side and one above the other, so that the longitudinally and transversely arranged truss panels themselves are broken down into a shear and drill-resistant multi-chord truss panel. A particularly economical embodiment is seen in the formation of a composite shell made of steel and concrete for the underwater ship. In the case of a container ship, for example, the concentration of forces has an effect in a spatial truss, the individual supporting members of which ideally exclusively normal strength are also positive. Today's welding techniques allow the processing of sheets up to 60 millimeters thick, so that forces of more than 100 meganewtons can be concentrated in one bar of the truss structure within appropriate box cross sections. Special, welded or cast nodes can absorb these enormous normal forces. For the underwater ship, which is shaped from a hydrodynamic point of view, this partially relieves the global load-bearing function, so that the sheet metal of the ship's outer hull can be relieved, with the exception of the double ship's bottom, which supports the lower strapping of a truss according to the invention. As large-format, rigid shell structures, they transfer the forces from the water pressure into the knot body or into the girder bars of the truss frame. All non-safety-related longitudinal and transverse walls of the fuselage can be assembled from lightweight components, for example from laser-welded steel sandwich elements. Within the scope of the invention it is possible to arrange parts of the spatial truss also above the loading deck, so that the rigidity of the fuselage construction can be increased drastically. A spatial truss with a cross-shaped cross-section or a multi-belt, triangular truss, which runs from bow to stern in the hull, is almost completely unbundled from the curved hull and is only connected to it in the keel line and on the upper edges of the outer side walls. This is exactly where the truss girders are located, into which the forces from the water pressure are introduced by cross-tensioning. A cargo ship according to the invention is lighter, quicker to build and therefore more economical overall than conventional solutions.

According to the invention, these objects are achieved with the features of claim 1. For the construction of the fuselage, a spatial truss girder is proposed, in which an after hydrodynamically shaped underwater hull at least partially represents the lower girth and filler rods form longitudinally and transversely arranged truss or frame washers, which make the underwater hull rigid against bending, shear and torsion with the upper girth consisting of a girdle, a frame or truss disc or a ribbed plate exists, connect.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to various exemplary embodiments schematically illustrated in the drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an inventive

Container ships in which the spatial truss is designed as a cross-shaped cross section,

2 shows a schematic plan view of the container ship according to the invention from FIG. 1,

3 shows a schematic cross section through the container ship according to the invention from FIG. 1, viewed in the direction of arrow III of FIG. 1,

Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of an inventive

Cruise ships with angular deck structures, seen in the direction of arrow IV in FIG. 7,

5 is a schematic longitudinal view of the cruise ship of FIG. 4,

Fig. 6 is a schematic longitudinal section through the

4, seen in the direction of arrow VI of FIG. 4, Fig. 7 shows a schematic cross section through the

4, seen in the direction of arrow VII of FIG. 4,

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an inventive

Container ships in which the spatial truss has a triangular tubular cross-section,

9 is a schematic plan view of the container ship of FIG. 8,

Fig. 10 is a schematic cross section through the

8, seen in the direction of arrow X of FIG. 8,

Fig. 11 is a schematic plan view of an inventive

Cruise ships with rounded deck structures, viewed in the direction of arrow XI in FIG. 13,

Fig. 12 is a schematic longitudinal view of the invention

11, seen in the direction of arrow XII of FIG. 11,

13 shows a schematic cross section through the cruise ship according to the invention of FIG. 11, viewed in the direction of arrow XIII of FIG. 11,

14 is a perspective overview of the central segment of a fuselage construction according to the invention with frame panes in the area of the outer side wall,

15 shows a cross section through the central segment of the fuselage construction of FIG. 15, 16 is a perspective overview of the central segment of a fuselage construction according to the invention with trussed panels in the area of the outer side wall,

17 shows a cross section through the central segment of the fuselage construction according to the invention from FIG. 16,

18 is a perspective overview of the middle segment of a fuselage construction according to the invention with truss slices in the longitudinal and transverse directions,

19 shows a cross section through the middle segment of the fuselage construction according to the invention from FIG. 18

20 is a perspective overview of the front segment of a fuselage structure according to the invention with a truss structure running in the direction of travel coaxial to the keel line in the longitudinal and transverse directions and a stiffening intermediate deck, and

21: a cross section through the front segment of the fuselage construction according to the invention from FIG. 20.

The figures show different configurations of hull constructions according to the invention for cargo and passenger ships.

1 to 3 show a container ship according to the invention, in which the lower flange 11 is formed by the double ship floor 111. The underwater ship 113 is directly connected in the keel line by filler rods 12 to the upper flange 10, which consists of a rectangular belt rod 100. On stiffening deck 14, which is designed as a lying frame disc 140, connects the longitudinally arranged, standing truss disc 123 with the underwater ship 113. A movable bridge 23 serves as a crane runway girder and is supported on the belt rod 100 by rollers. The container ship is characterized by an extreme rigidity of the hull and an increased load capacity. The expansion 2 of the cargo hold 223 with longitudinal and transverse walls 211, 212 is essentially freed from the global load-bearing function. The side walls 210 are designed as cross girders and stiffen the 131 spatial truss girder 1 which is cross-shaped in cross section.

4 to 7 show a cruise ship according to the invention, in which the entire underwater ship 113, including all longitudinal, transverse bulkheads and intermediate decks, which are not shown in detail, represents the lower flange 11 of a spatial truss 1. The upper flange 10 of the spatial truss 1 is formed by a horizontal truss 102. Filler bars 12 form a system of longitudinally and transversely arranged, standing truss discs 123, 124, by means of which the upper belt 10 and the lower belt 11 are connected to one another in a rigid, shear and torsion-resistant manner. The rectangular tube cross section 130 allows a maximum degree of flexibility for the expansion 2. The extension 2 of the cruise ship shows apartments 220, the exposed area of which is enlarged by atriums 221 cut into the outer side walls 210. The side walls 210 above the freeboard can be completely glazed, so that a large part of the ship's outer walls 210 consists of corrosion-free material.

8 to 10 show a container ship according to the invention, in which the double floor 111 forms the lower flange 11 of a spatial truss 1. The truss 1 shows a triangular cross section, which as a composite Tube cross-section 132 is constructed from two three-belt beams. The upper belt 10 consists of three belt bars running from the bow to the stern, which are joined together to form a lying frame pane 101, while the lower belt 11 is formed by the shell-shaped body of the double ship floor 111. The filler rods 12 of the spatial truss 1 are arranged so that the cargo spaces 223 remain free. The concentration of the forces in the upper belt 10 and in the lower belt 11, which are kept at a distance by bending, shear and torsion stiffness by means of comparatively light filler rods 12, enables lower sheet thicknesses up to the substitution of steel in all area-intensive assemblies such as the shell construction 210, the longitudinal extension walls 211 and the transverse extension walls 212.

11 to 13 show a cruise ship according to the invention with rounded deck structures. To the left and right of the keel line, two standing trusses 123 connect the lower flange 11 to the upper flange 10 and release a longitudinal central corridor for the access to the apartments 220. A stiffening intermediate deck 14 is formed by a horizontal truss disc 141 and stabilizes the longitudinally arranged truss discs 123. The entire hull structure 110 of the underwater hull 113 serves as the lower flange 11 of the truss girder 1. The residential towers arranged above the freeboard have side walls 210 which are largely made of glass and have upstream balconies.

14 and 15 show the middle segment of a cruise ship according to the invention. The underwater ship 113 is connected to the upper flange 10 by longitudinally and transversely arranged frame washers 121, 122 and forms a spatial truss 1. The upper flange 10 is in the form of a ribbed plate 103 formed as the lower girth 11, the entire underwater vessel 113 including the outer hull 110 of the double ship floor 111 and the longitudinal bulkhead, transverse bulkhead and intermediate deck, not shown. The upper decks 202 are suspended from the upper rib plate 103 by means of tension rods 201, while the lower decks 202 are supported by extension supports 200.

16 and 17 show the middle segment of a cruise ship according to the invention. The underwater ship 113 is connected to the upper flange 10 by means of filler rods 12 in the region of the outer side walls 212. The filler rods 12 consist of box girders made of steel 151 and are braced in the longitudinal and transverse directions by tension diagonals 150. At the junction connections 120, the pull cables 150 are connected to the box girders 151 by means of a fork cable. Alternatively, the ropes can be routed from one field to the next using deflection saddles. In this case, large, screwed cable clamps absorb the differential forces. By pretensioning the ropes using hydraulic presses, the entire hull construction can be pretensioned, so that the box girders 151 are under compressive stress. In this way, the deformations in the fuselage can be kept very low. The apartments 220 are arranged in units interrupted transversely to the direction of travel, so that the lighting of all rooms and cabins can be ensured. The upper harness 10 consists of a ribbed plate 103, while the one under harness 11 comprises the entire underwater ship 113 including all longitudinal, transverse bulkheads and intermediate decks. The upper decks 202 are suspended from the ribbed plate 103, which forms the upper deck, by means of tension rods 201, while the lower decks 202 are supported by extension supports 200 and stand on the double floor 111 of the underwater ship 113. 18 and 19 show the middle segment of a cruise ship according to the invention. The underwater ship 113 is connected to the upper harness 10 by means of filler rods 12 which lie in the interior of the ship. Two trusses 123 arranged essentially parallel in the longitudinal direction divide the hull into three segments in the longitudinal direction. The middle segment is braced in the transverse direction 122 at regular intervals by standing truss discs. The force is introduced into the lower flange 11, which is formed by the underwater ship 113, and into the upper flange 10, which consists of a continuous ribbed plate 103, via longitudinally and transversely arranged ribs. Both the upper belt 10 and the lower belt 11 are provided as composite plates made of steel and concrete 104, 112. The upper half of the decks 202 are attached via tie rods 201 to the composite panel 104 of the upper belt 10, while the lower half of the intermediate decks 202 is set up on the ship's floor 111 via extension supports 200.

20 and 21 show the front segment of a cruise ship according to the invention. The underwater ship 113 is connected to the upper harness 10 by filler rods 12. A longitudinally arranged, standing truss disc 123 connects the underwater ship 113 directly to the upper deck, which, as a ribbed plate 103, represents the upper flange 10 of the spatial truss 1. A horizontal truss disc 141 forms a stiffening intermediate deck 14 at freeboard height. The lower flange 11 is formed by the entire underwater ship 113 including the longitudinal, transverse bulkheads and intermediate decks, not shown in detail. The extension 2 above the freeboard is essentially freed from the global support function and consists of glazed side walls 210 and seven living decks 202. The reference symbols used in the drawings are listed below:

Claims

claims

1. Ship with a hull structure that has at least one structure (1), an extension (2) and a hydrodynamically shaped underwater ship (113), characterized in that the structure (1) is a spatial truss (1) with an upper Belt (10), a lower belt (11) and filler bars (12).

2. Ship according to claim 1, wherein the filler rods (12) keep the upper harness (10) and the lower harness (11) at a distance and connect to each other stiffly, shear and torsionally.

3. Ship according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the extension (2) has longitudinal walls (211), transverse walls (212), side walls (210) and decks (202).

4. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the expansion (2) is essentially freed from the global supporting function.

5. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spatial truss (1) has a multi-belt cross-section (13).

6. Ship according to claim 5, wherein the spatial truss (1) has a rectangular cross section (130).

7. Ship according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the spatial truss (1) has a cross-shaped cross section (131).

8. Ship according to one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the spatial truss (1) has a composite tube cross-section (132).

9. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spatial truss (1) has at least one stiffening deck (14).

10. Ship according to claim 9, wherein the stiffening deck (14) has a lying frame plate (140).

11. Ship according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the stiffening deck (14) has a horizontal truss disc (141).

12. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spatial truss (1) is polygonal adapted to the hydrodynamic shape of the underwater ship (113).

13. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper flange (10) of the truss (1) a belt rod (100), a lying frame disc (101), a lying truss disc (102), a ribbed plate (103), a steel and or

Has concrete composite slab (104).

14. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lower flange of the truss (1) is a shell structure of the underwater ship (110), a double ship floor (111), a composite shell made of steel and concrete (112) and / or the entire underwater ship (113 ) including all longitudinal and transverse bulkheads and intermediate decks.

15. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the filler rods (12) are designed in the manner of a longitudinally arranged frame disc (121) and / or a longitudinally arranged truss disc (123).

16. Ship according to claim 15, wherein the filler rods connect the underwater ship (113) in the keel line directly to the upper harness (10).

17. Ship according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the filler rods (12) the underwater ship (113) left and right of the keel line or in the plane of the outer side walls directly with the upper flange

Connect (10).

18. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the filler rods via node connections (120) articulated or rigid with the upper belt (10) and the lower belt

(11) are connected.

19. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the filler rods (12) have rod-shaped support elements (15) with a box cross section (151), a round hollow profile cross section (152) and / or a round tube cross section (152).

20. Ship according to claim 19, wherein the rod-shaped support elements (15) have inner transverse bulkheads with access openings.

21. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the filler rods (12) have pure tension rods (150).

22. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the expansion (2) a secondary structure in skeleton construction (20) which has extension supports (200), extension tie rods (201) and removal decks (202).

23. Ship according to claim 22, wherein the support struts (200) stand on the double ship floor (111), while the support rods (201) are suspended from the upper belt (10).

24. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the expansion (2) has sheet-like elements, from which parts of the outer side walls (210) and / or longitudinal and transverse walls

(211, 212) are constructed.

25. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, in which the longitudinal axis extends in the direction of travel, and the expansion (2) the space program of a passenger ship in the manner of

Flats (220), atriums (221), exposure openings (222) and / or the like, wherein elements of this space program transverse to the longitudinal axis break through the hull.

26. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the expansion (2) has a plurality of apartment blocks and / or apartment towers, which can be illuminated on all sides and each have a separate, internal access system with stairs and / or elevators.

27. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, which has side walls (210), which are completely glazed above the freeboard as expansion walls (21) and / or with composite panels made of light, non-rusting materials.

28. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ship has expansion decks (202), which light Have steel truss girders with trapezoidal sheet metal formwork and which have an installation space between a floor structure and a suspended ceiling.

29. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ship has expansion walls (211, 212), which expansion walls (211, 212) have light metal stud walls with plasterboard planking on both sides.

30. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ship side walls (210), extension longitudinal walls (211) and expansion transverse changes (212), which have laser-welded steel sandwich elements or light composite panels, in particular GRP sandwich elements.

31. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the underwater ship (113) has longitudinal and / or transverse bulkheads, which are used as tensile membranes in trusses formed by the filler bars (12).

32. Ship according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the extension (2) has a mobile bridge (23) arranged on the upper flange, in particular a crane, for operating cargo holds.