EP1465771B1 - Method and devices for regulating at least one cylinder in a printing machine and/or placing/removing said cylinders - Google Patents

Abstract

To set the position of one roller (21) against another roller (22) in a printing press, for adjustment and/or on installation/dismantling, at least two actuators are used which work in different directions. One actuator (34) uses a pressure hose to exert a radial force in one direction, and a spring (43) applies the radial force in the opposite direction as a plate spring packet. The opening angle between the two actuators on the same roller exerts the same aligned radial forces on both rollers.

Description

The invention relates to methods and devices for adjusting a pressing force exerted by at least one roller on another roller in a printing machine and / or for switching on / off at least one of these rollers according to the preamble of claim 1, 2, 9 or 12 ,

Inking units or dampening units in printing presses are used to convey the ink required for the printing process or the required dampening solution from corresponding supply devices to the printing zone. To form the required color film or dampening film rolls or cylinders are provided in the inking unit or dampening unit. The terms roller and cylinder have an equivalent meaning for the understanding of the present invention. The rolls come to rest in so-called roll strips, so that the ink film or dampening solution film in the roll strip can be transferred from one roll to another roll.

In such inking or dampening units adjustable rollers are provided in the machine frame, so that can be changed by adjusting these adjustable rollers relative to the other rollers of the contact pressure in the roll strip. From the EP 08 26 501 A1 is an inking unit with a frame-mounted friction roller and a fixed frame mounted cylinder known, the color is transmitted from the distributor roller on the forme cylinder by a arranged between the friction roller and form cylinder applicator roll. The applicator roll in turn is adjustably mounted in the machine frame and can be pressed with a variable force in the gap between the distributor roller and the forme cylinder. The device for storage the applicator roll is designed so that the force with which the applicator roll is pressed into the gap between the forme cylinder and the distributor roll, always acts along an angle bisector between the distributor roll and the forme cylinder. This means, in other words, that although the size of the force for pressing the applicator roll is variable, but the direction of the force is fixed by the structural design of the adjustment device unchangeable. To adjust the contact pressure in the roll strip between the forme cylinder and the distributor roll on the one hand and the applicator roll on the other hand so only the contact pressure can be changed in size, resulting in the resulting contact pressures in the roll strip due to the given geometry.

By the patent DD 64 064 Further, a device for clamping bushes for printing and forme cylinder bearings of a printing machine is known, wherein the device comprises a hydraulic pressing of the bearing bushes against the bore wall of the machine frame, wherein the bearing bushes consist of two shrunken bushing sleeves, wherein in the inner wall of the outer sleeve sleeve two hydraulically acted upon pressure chambers are incorporated, which lie on both sides at 120 ° to the resultant of the forces acting on the bearing mean forces. With this device, the concentricity of the cylinder can be improved, because by a clearance of the game, which have the bearing bushes in the receiving bore of the machine frame, a largely vibration-free running of the cylinder is achieved.

The patent DE 15 61 014 C1 shows an adjustable in only one direction roller bearing, in particular for friction and application rollers of inking units on printing machines, wherein adjusting means are provided for adjusting the roller transversely to its axis, wherein the adjusting means between a bearing wall connected to the bearing wall and a roller end receiving, preferably cup-shaped housing are mounted, wherein the bearing pin and the Housing are connected by the adjusting means counteracting spring elements. The spring elements are preferably designed as a radially extending rubber buffer and acting on the bearing adjustment means either as a radially arranged adjusting screw or as two arranged at 45 ° adjusting screws. According to a further embodiment, the pitching or stopping of the roller and thus the adjustment of the roller bearing can also be arranged by two diametrically arranged in the interior of the housing, acted upon with air or a liquid pressure chambers, wherein the oppositely acting pressure chambers are pressurized depending on the desired direction of action.

By the DE 100 01 582 A1 a device for adjusting the contact pressure between rollers in a printing machine is known, wherein between adjacent rollers hydraulic, preferably designed as a double-piston cylinder control elements are arranged.

By the EP 0 958 918 A1 are known an apparatus and a method for semi-automatic setting of rolls, wherein an adjustable first roller is employed against at least one frame-fixed second roller, wherein resilient means act on the first roller in the direction of the second roller with a resilient force.

By the GB 1 213 935 A a device for turning on and off of applicator rolls in an inking unit of a rotary printing press is known, each applicator roll is mounted in each case on a pivotable about an ink fountain roller lever. The bearing point of the applicator roll is connected to a arranged in the pivot lever and movable in the longitudinal direction of pressure medium beaufschlagbaren piston, wherein the applicator roll hangs on its pressurizing agent of this piston to the inking roller or is turned off by her. The pivot lever is arranged by another in a cylinder arranged druckmittelbeaufschlagbaren piston pivotable, wherein this piston pivots the pivot lever to the inking roller during its pressure medium application and thereby hires the applicator roll to a forme cylinder or switches off from this. A disadvantage of this device is that the pistons and pivoting levers for their arrangement and for carrying out their movement on the printing unit take up a considerable amount of space, and because of their direct proximity to ink-carrying rollers, for example. B. are exposed to significant pollution by color fog, resulting in a certain susceptibility arises, which is why time-consuming and costly cleaning and maintenance work on a hard to reach place the printing press are required.

The invention has for its object to provide methods and apparatus for adjusting a force exerted by at least one roller on another roller in a printing machine contact pressure and / or for switching on / off of at least one of these rollers.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1, 2, 9 or 12.

The achievable with the invention advantages are in particular that when adjusting the contact pressure between the adjustable roller and the adjacent rollers not only the force size is varied, but also the direction of force. This makes it possible that the contact pressures in the two roller strips can be adjusted independently of each other ultimately.

Particular advantages in terms of downtime when setting the inking unit or dampening unit arise when the press-in pressure in the roller strip is not set step by step, but substantially simultaneously. That is, when adjusting the force with which the adjustably mounted roller is pressed against the other rollers, that the force magnitude and the direction of force can be varied until the respective desired contact pressures result in all roller strips.

In order to avoid an unintentional adjustment of the contact pressure, it is advantageous if the position of the adjustably mounted roller is fixed after adjustment of the contact pressure with respect to the other two rollers by actuation of a fixing device. If the size and direction of the force for the adjustment of the adjustably mounted roller can be selected substantially freely, this can also be used for shutting off the paint or the dampening solution. For these applications, the force is selected to adjust the adjustably mounted roller in a direction that points away from the other two rollers. As a result, the adjustably mounted roller can be moved out of the gap until no contact between the adjustably mounted roller and the other rollers exists. As soon as the adjustably mounted roller is separated from the other rollers, no dampening solution or color is transferred to the roller strip.

Alternatively, the adjustably mounted roller can also be arranged on a lever mechanism pivotable about the axis of rotation of one of the other rollers. To stop the color or dampening solution then the roller can be lifted by driving the lever mechanism of one of the other rollers. The adjustably mounted roller can be pressed with an adjustable in size and direction force into the gap between the other two rollers after starting the functional position of the lever mechanism, in which the adjustably mounted roller comes to rest on the two other rollers. This adjustment is then fixed by actuating a fixing device between the adjustably mounted roller and the lever mechanism. Should later the Color or dampening are turned off, the lever mechanism is pivoted to the first functional position in which the adjustable roller is lifted from the one roller. When hiring the color or the dampening solution then pivoting back of the lever mechanism in the second functional position without additional adjustment of the contact pressures, since the correct setting is fixed by the fixing between the lever mechanism and adjustably mounted roller.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail below.

Fig. 1

eine schematisch dargestellte Vorrichtung zum Einstellen des Anpressdrucks zwischen zwei Walzen im Längsschnitt;

Fig. 2

die schematisch im Querschnitt dargestellte Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in einer Grundstellung;

Fig. 3

die schematisch im Querschnitt dargestellte Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in einer ausgelenkten Stellung;

Fig. 4

die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht ohne Walzenhalter;

Fig. 5

die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht mit Walzenhalter;

Fig. 6

einen Ausschnitt aus einem Farbwerk in schematisch dargestellter seitlicher Ansicht;

Fig. 7

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Farbwerks in schematisch dargestellter seitlicher Ansicht;

Fig. 8

einen Ausschnitt aus dem Farbwerk gemäß Fig. 7 in schematisch dargestellter seitlicher Ansicht mit einer gegen zwei Walzen angestellten Walze und einem dazugehörigen Diagramm der Kraftvektoren;

Fig. 9

einen Ausschnitt aus dem Farbwerk mit zwei gegeneinander angestellten Walzen und einem dazugehörigen Diagramm der Kraftvektoren;

Fig. 10

einen Ausschnitt aus dem Farbwerk mit einer abgestellten Walze und einem dazugehörigen Diagramm der Kraftvektoren;

Fig. 11

einen Ausschnitt aus dem Farbwerk mit einer gegen zwei Walzen angestellten Walze und einer Darstellung der radialen Kräfte der Aktoren;

Fig. 12

ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Walzenanordnung mit zwei unabhängig gegen eine dritte Walze anstellbaren und angestellten Walzen;

Fig. 13

ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Farbwerks in schematisch dargestellter seitlicher Ansicht.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematically illustrated device for adjusting the contact pressure between two rollers in longitudinal section;

Fig. 2

the device shown schematically in cross section according to Fig. 1 in a basic position;

Fig. 3

the device shown schematically in cross section according to Fig. 1 in a deflected position;

Fig. 4

the device according to Fig. 1 in a perspective view without roll holder;

Fig. 5

the device according to Fig. 1 in a perspective view with roll holder;

Fig. 6

a section of an inking in schematically illustrated side view;

Fig. 7

a second embodiment of an inking in schematically illustrated side view;

Fig. 8

a section of the inking according to Fig. 7 in a schematically illustrated side view with an employee against two rollers roller and an associated diagram of the force vectors;

Fig. 9

a section of the inking unit with two opposing rollers and an associated diagram of the force vectors;

Fig. 10

a section of the inking unit with a parked roller and an associated diagram of the force vectors;

Fig. 11

a section of the inking unit with a staff employed against two rollers and a representation of the radial forces of the actuators;

Fig. 12

a third embodiment of a roller assembly with two independently engageable against a third roller and employees rolls;

Fig. 13

A fourth embodiment of an inking in schematically illustrated side view.

In Fig.1 a device 20 for adjusting the contact pressure between a first roller 21 and a second roller 22 is shown. The roller 21 can be releasably secured to the ends of its axle 23 on a device 20 provided on the quick release 24. Such snap fasteners are known from the prior art and have a semicircular bearing shell into which the ends of the shaft 23 can be inserted. By attaching a in Fig. 1 not shown above Bearing shell then the axis 23 can be fixed to the quick release 24.

The device 20 is essentially composed of a frame holder 26 and a roll holder 27, which can be displaced relative to each other in a plane which extends perpendicular to the plane of the drawing against each other. The frame holder 26 is constructed of a base plate 28 which can be pivotally attached to the frame of a printing press, for example by means of a pivoting arm, and a sleeve body 29. On the side facing the roller 21, the sleeve body 29 has a recess 31 into which a cylindrical portion 32 of the roller holder 27 engages. The inner diameter of the recess 31 and the outer diameter of the portion 32 is selected so that a circular cylindrical gap 33 in the basic position forms with a gap width of for example 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably 2 mm. Through the gap 33, the maximum adjustment range for adjusting the roller holder 27 is defined relative to the frame holder 26.

In order to realize the adjustment movements required in the setting of the roller 21 and to be able to apply the desired contact pressure between the roller 21 and the roller 22, are distributed in the gap 33 over the circumference, preferably a total of four z. B. formed in the manner of pressure hoses 34 actuators 34, of which in Fig. 1 only two are shown in section, arranged. About in Fig. 1 not shown leads 48 (see Fig. 4 ), the pressure chambers 36 formed by the wall of the actuators 34 can be pressurized. Depending on the respective pressure conditions in the four actuators 34 acts on the roll holder 27, a resultant force, so that by appropriate control of the pressure in the actuators 34, the roller 21 can be pressed with the desired contact pressure against the roller 22. Since the air cushion pressurized in the actuators 34 is compressible, mechanical disturbances can be absorbed by the resulting spring action.

To fix the roll holder 27 relative to the frame holder 26, fin elements 37 are fastened to the roll holder 27, which are arranged with meshing elements attached to the sleeve body 29 to form a lamellar package 38. For preferably frictional clamping of the lamellar elements 37; 38 formed lamellar packets is a cross-sectionally T-shaped punch 39 is provided, the circular punch head 40 comes with an annular flange 41 at the outermost lamellar element 37 and 38 of the disk set to rest. At the opposite end of the punch 39, a pressure plate 42 is fixed, on which the spring force of a formed in the manner of a disc spring package 43 spring element 43 acts. The spring element 43 is biased between the pressure plate 42 and the sleeve body 29 mounted so that the of the lamellar elements 37; 38 formed disk set by the spring force from the punch 39 on the lamellar elements 37; 38 is jammed.

To adjust the roller holder 27 relative to the frame holder 26, in particular when setting the contact pressure between the rollers 21 and 22, the of the lamellar elements 37; 38 and the punch 39 and the pressure plate 42 formed fixing device can be solved. For this purpose, a pressure port 44 is provided in the base plate 28, through which a pressure chamber 46 between the pressure plate 42 and the base plate 28 with a pressure medium, such as compressed air can be applied. As soon as the air pressure acting on the pressure plate 42 exceeds the spring force of the spring element 43, the punch 39 is lifted as far as the outermost lamella element 37 or 38, so that they are no longer frictionally clamped and can be displaced relative to one another.

The adjustment of the contact pressure between the rollers 21 and 22 takes place, for example, in the following manner.

First, the pressure chamber 46 is subjected to a sufficient pressure, so that the lamellar elements 37; 38 are no longer frictionally clamped. Subsequently, the actuators 34 are each acted upon with just enough pressure that the desired contact pressure between the rollers 21 and 22 or between the roller 21 and further, in Fig. 1 not shown forms rollers and leads to a contact strip of the desired width. Once the correct setting with the desired contact pressure between the rollers 21 and 22 is found, the pressure chamber 46 is depressurized, whereby the punch 39, the blade elements 37; 38 is clamped together, so that the roller holder 27 is fixed relative to the frame holder 26 in the desired position. Finally, the actuators 34 are depressurized. Regardless of the method described here, the preferably friction-locking fixing device may alternatively or additionally also have elements which engage positively in engagement.

In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is the principle of action of the device 20 shown in the required adjusting movement in a schematic manner.

Fig. 2 shows the frame holder 26 with the recess 31 and the engaging portion 32 of the roller holder 27. By the choice of dimensions between the frame holder 26 and the portion 32 of the roller holder 27, a gap 33 is formed, in which the FIGS. 2 and 3 only schematically indicated by force arrows actuators 34 are arranged. The possible adjusting movements between the frame holder 26 and the roll holder 27 are by a set plane, which in the representation of FIGS. 2 and 3 extends in the plane of the drawing, defined, wherein the adjustment range of the adjusting movements by the width of the gap 33 is limited.

As in Fig. 3 By way of example, the roller holder 27 and, as a result, the roller 21 attached thereto can be displaced laterally relative to the frame holder 26, which is effected by a corresponding actuation of the actuators 34 and the consequent force action on the section 32. Once the desired position of Roller holder 27 is found relative to the frame holder 26, the of the lamellar elements 37; 38 and the punch 39 and the pressure plate 42 formed fixing device are actuated, so that the position is permanently fixed and the actuators 34 need not be driven further.

In Fig. 4 the device 20 without roller holder 27 is shown in a perspective view. The sleeve body 29 is by means of four fastening screws 47 on the roll holder 27 (see Fig. 5 ) attached. Between the sleeve body 29 of the frame holder 26 and the roll holder 27, on the forward side of the half-shell-shaped quick release 24 (see Fig. 5 ) is partially visible, the four z. B. arranged in the manner of pressure hoses 34 actuators 34, which can be acted upon by supply lines 48 with compressed air. By means of the pressure plate 42, the lamellar elements 37; 38 relaxed.

Fig. 5 shows the device 20 with the base plate 28, the frame holder 26, the roll holder 27, the quick release 24, the fastening screws 47 and the actuators 34 in a perspective view from the front. It can be seen the extremely compact design of the device 20, which has a smaller diameter than the roller 21 itself (see Fig.) Due to their overall rotationally symmetrical design (apart from the base plate 28) Fig. 1 ).

In Fig. 6 is the detail of an inking unit 51 with an adjustably mounted roller 52 and two rollers fixed to the frame 53; 54 is shown. The adjustably mounted roller 52 is mounted with a device 20 in the machine frame, as in the Fig. 1 to 5 was explained. This is in Fig. 6 indicated schematically by the air chambers 56 to 59 and 61. The function of the pressure chambers 56 to 59 corresponds to the function of the pressure chambers 36 on the device 20. That is, by ventilation of the pressure chambers 56 to 59, the adjustably mounted roller 52 is pressed into the gap between the rollers 53 and 54 and out the gap be moved out. The function of the pressure chamber 61 corresponds to the function of the pressure chamber 46 on the device 20, so that by loading and venting of the pressure chamber 61, the adjustably mounted roller 52 can be fixed in position relative to the frame fixedly mounted rollers 53 and 54.

For adjusting the contact pressure in the roller strip 62; 63 between the rollers 53 and 54 on the one hand and the adjustably mounted roller 52 on the other hand, can be proceeded as follows.

First, an air pressure is applied in each of the pressure chambers 56 and 57, which in effect acts as a setting force on the roller 52 in the desired size and direction. Subsequently, the pressure chamber 61 is filled with compressed air, so as to solve the fixation of the roller 52. Under the pressure applied by the pressure chambers 57 and 56, the roller 52 is then pressed against the rollers 53 and 54. By changing the pressure in the pressure chambers 56 and 57, the contact pressure in the roller strips 62 and 63 can be variably set independently. As soon as the contact pressure in the roller strips 62 and 63 corresponds to the desired values, the pressure chamber 61 is vented by depressurizing and thereby the adjustably mounted roller 52 is fixed relative to the rollers 53 and 54.

As a result, the contact pressure in the roller strips 62; 63 be remotely controlled. The readjustment of the roller strips 62; 63 is possible even during production, because the color transfer is not interrupted. When readjusting during ongoing production, only the pressure chamber 61 is vented to release the fixing and the pressure in the pressure chambers 56; 57 changed until the desired contact pressure on the roller strip 62; 63 result.

The fixation of the setting by venting the pressure chamber 61 is not mandatory. If, during production, the set pressures in the pressure chambers 56 and 57, the fixation by venting the pressure chamber 61 may be omitted. The roller 52 is resiliently pressed in this case against the rollers 53 and 54 and can escape, for example, in case of imbalances and vibrations to the rear. However, if the roller 52 is not fixed, care must be taken that the vibrations occurring in the inking unit 51 do not exceed a permissible level.

In order to interrupt the color promotion in the inking unit 51, d. H. to turn off the paint, the pressure chambers 56 and 57 are vented and the pressure chambers 58 and 59 vented. As soon as the fixation of the roller 52 is released by venting the pressure chamber 61, the roller 52 is moved out of the gap between the rollers 53 and 54. If there is no longer any contact between the roller 52 and the rollers 53 and 54, the pressure chamber 61 is vented again and thereby fixed the roller 52 in the parked position. As a result, it becomes possible to turn off the roller 52 even during production without removing the roller 52. To errors by sticking of the roller 52 in adjusting the contact pressures in the roller strip 62; To avoid 63, the roller 52 can be turned off before adjusting the contact pressures by venting the pressure chambers 56 and 57 in the manner described first.

Of course, it is also possible by appropriate control of the pressure chambers 56 to 59, the roller 52 off only one of the rollers 53 and 54. If, for example, the pressure chambers 57 and 58 are ventilated and the fixing of the roller 52 is released, it can be achieved that the roller 52 is turned off by the roller 53, but at the same time remains in contact with the roller 54.

Fig. 7 represents an inking unit 66, with the ink from a roller 67, z. B. an anilox roller 67 on a cylinder 68, z. B. a form cylinder 68 is transferable. For this purpose, in the inking unit 66, an upper roller train 69 with two rollers 71; 72, z. B. two ink transfer rollers 71; 72 and a roller 73, z. As an inking roller 73 and a lower roller 74 with also two rollers 76 and 77, z. Two Ink transfer rollers 76 and 77 and an inking roller 78 is provided. The ink transfer rollers 71; 72; 76; 77 and the inking rollers 73; 78 are mounted adjustable in a frame 79. To adjust these rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; 78 come z. B. devices for use, which correspond to the device 20 and in each case preferably four pressure chambers for adjusting the contact pressures or for the shutdown of the rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; 78.

To adjust the contact pressure in the inking unit 66 can be proceeded differently. According to a first variant of the method, the contact pressures in the roller strips of the upper roller 69 and the lower roller 74 are adjusted one after the other. Ie. First, the fixation of the inking roller 73 is released and adjusted by aeration of the corresponding pressure chambers of the contact pressure in the roller strip to the anilox roller 67 and the forme cylinder 68. In parallel, the contact pressure between the inking roller 78 of the lower roller 74 and the anilox roller 67 and the forme cylinder 68 can be adjusted. After setting the inking rollers 73 and 78, these are fixed and then set the contact pressure between the ink transfer roller 72 and the inking roller 73 and the ink transfer roller 77 and the inking roller 78 by aeration of the corresponding pressure chambers. As soon as the ink transfer rollers 72 and 77 are fixed again, the ink transfer rollers 72 and 76 are finally adjusted by aeration of the pressure chambers, so that in the roll strip between the ink transfer rollers 71 and 76 on the one hand and the anilox roller 67 and the ink transfer rollers 72 and 77 on the other hand give desired contact pressures. Are the ink transfer rollers 71 and 76 fixed again, the entire inking unit 66 is completely adjusted.

Are the individual successively arranged ink transfer rollers 71; 72; 76; 77 or inking rollers 73; 78 sequentially set in the rollers 69 and 74, thereby the device technical effort for the realization considerably reduced, there to adjust the individual rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; 78 each of the same adjustment can be used. In the realization of the settings of the individual rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; 78 by ventilation of pressure chambers, for example, it is sufficient to provide only two proportional valves, as these successively for the setting of the individual rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; 78 can be used. In addition, by adjusting the rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; 78 successively ensures that the setting of the rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; 78 do not influence each other. However, the adjustment of the individual rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; 78 successively a relatively long response time.

According to a second alternative method, the ink transfer rollers 71; 72; 76; 77 and the inking rollers 73; 78 all set at the same time. Ie. the pressure chambers on the individual ink transfer rollers 71; 72; 76; 77 or inking rollers 73; 78 are all simultaneously applied with appropriate air pressures. It should be noted, however, that the contact pressure between the individual rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; 78 also on the preceding or behind in the roller train 69 and 74 arranged rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; 78, so that the setting of the individual rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; 78 influenced each other.

In the choice of air pressures in the individual pressure chambers for adjusting the various rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; 78 are therefore on the individual rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; Vectorially adding 78 acting force vectors.

In Fig. 8 For example, such an addition of the force vectors is exemplified for the ink transfer roller 71. On the ink transfer roller 71 act in addition to the z. B. force force vector 80 formed by the force of the force vector 81 and 82, the z. B. correspond to the force acting in the roller strip contact forces 81 and 82, which result at predetermined contact pressures of the ink transfer roller 71 to the anilox roller 67 and the ink transfer roller 72. Are the weight 80 and the Compressive forces 81 and 82 vectorially added, resulting in a force difference, which must be intercepted by adjusting the air pressure in the air chambers 83 and 84 such that acting on the ink transfer roller 71 as a result no resulting external force more. In Fig. 8 is the force applied by the pressure chamber 83 force vector 86, z. B. the adjustment force 86, and the force applied by the pressure chamber 84 force vector 87, z. B. the adjustment force 87, vectorially applied. It can be seen that the force vectors 80; 81; 82; 86; 87 results in a closed flow of force and thus the effect on the ink transfer roller 71 no external force acts more. For each one of the adjustably mounted rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; 78 must while simultaneously setting the contact pressure for all rollers 71; 72; 76; 77, 73; 78 such a closed power flow are set up in order to take into account the influence of different force sizes with each other.

A method of adjusting a pressing force 81 applied from a first roller 71 to a second roller 72 and at least one third roller 67 in a printing machine; 82, wherein the first roller 71 is held in a roller holder 27, which in turn is mounted in a frame holder 26, wherein at least two actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 are disposed between the roller holder 27 and the frame holder 26, wherein the actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 in its actuated operating state, a radially directed onto the roller holder 27 force 89; 91; 96; 97 exercise, that includes as method steps that a resultant 88 as the vector sum of all after the adjustment to the first roller 71 forces acting 80; 81; 82 is formed that those actuators 83; 84 are actuated by a control signal whose radial force 89; 91 of the resultant 88 counteracts and that the radial force 89; 91 of the actuated actuators 83; 84 to an amount 86; 92 is set until the vector sum of the resultant 88 corresponds. This method assumes that at the beginning of the course of the process at least a part of the forces 81, 81 acting on the first roller 71; 82 are not yet real, but desired target values are because at least the contact forces 81; Only by the proposed method to a desired Value to be set. The resultant as a vector sum resultant 88 is thus a setpoint specification, the radial forces 89; 91 are set in vector addition.

In the case of parking a first roller 71 of at least one second roller 67; 72 in a printing press, wherein the first roller 71 is held in a roll holder 27, which in turn is mounted in a frame holder 26, wherein at least two actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 are disposed between the roller holder 27 and the frame holder 26, wherein the actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 in its actuated operating state, a radially directed onto the roller holder 27 force 89; 91; 96; 97 exercise analogously, a method that is characterized in that a resultant 88 as a vector sum of all forces acting after stopping at the first roller 71 forces 80; 81; 82 is formed that at least one actuator 83; 84 is actuated by a control signal whose radial force 89; 91 of the resultant 88 counteracts and that the radial force 89; 91 of the actuated actuator 83; 84 to an amount 86; 92, which corresponds to the vector sum of the resultant 88.

In both of the methods described above, the weight force 80 of the first roller 71 is preferably included in the vector sum to form the resultant 88 because its contribution in the vector sum is generally not negligible. If now only the weight 80 of the first roller 71 forms the resultant 88, because z. B. no contact forces on the first roller 71 act, the radial force 91; 97 of actuated actuators 83; 94 at least temporarily to an amount 86; 98 set that their vector sum during shutdown in terms of amount is greater than the resultant 88. This step is used to stop the first roller 71, ie the application of a force that causes the first roller 71 to move. When the first roller 71 has reached a certain setpoint position, only an amount is required for the force acting against the resultant 88, which holds the first roller 71 in an idle state. Accordingly, in the preferred embodiment, the actuators 83 are actuated; 84; 93; 94, the roller holder 27 in the frame holder 26, wherein the Actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 the center of the roll holder 27 z. B. can move up to 15 mm eccentrically from the center of the frame age 26. In this case, the roller holder 27 may be eccentrically displaceable in the frame holder 26, that the first roller 71 and the second roller 72 out of contact, said shift by the operation of only a single actuator 83; 84; 93; 94 may be caused, which is disposed between the roller holder 27 and the frame holder 26. Between the roller holder 27 and the frame holder 26 and at least one spring element may be provided, against which the actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 move the roller holder 27 in the frame holder 26 and which the roller holder 27 in by the actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 returns unloaded operating state to a starting position.

Preferably, only the actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 actuated, the radial force 89; 91; 96; 97 a positive amount 86; 92; 98 against the resultant 88. It is advantageous if the roll holder 27 in the frame holder 26 z. B. in connection with the Fig. 1 described manner, after the vector sum of the on the amount 86; 92; 98 set radial forces 89; 91; 97 of the resultant 88 corresponds.

An apparatus 20 for adjusting a pressing force 81 applied from a first roller 71 to a second roller 72 and at least one third roller 67 in a printing machine; 82 and / or for switching on / off of a first roller 71 to or from a second roller 72 and at least one third roller 67 and thus for carrying out the previously described method, wherein the first roller 71 is held in a roller holder 27, the in turn is mounted in a frame holder 26, wherein at least two actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 are disposed between the roller holder 27 and the frame holder 26, wherein the actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 in its actuated operating state, a radially directed onto the roller holder 27 force 89; 91; 96; 97 exercise, z. B. be characterized in that at least one radial force 89; 91 of actuated by a control signal actuators 83; 84 with a force acting on the first roller 71 force 80; 81; 82 is aligned. A further special arrangement for the aforementioned device 20 results when two actuated by a control signal actuators 83; 84 are arranged such that the amount 86; 92 of the radial force 89; 91 is set equal and a vector sum of these amounts 86; 92 counteracts a resultant 88, wherein the resultant 88 in the manner already mentioned as a vector sum of all acting on the first roller 71 forces 80; 81; 82 is formed.

Like from the Fig. 8 it can be seen, form the radial forces 89; 91 of the actuators 83; 84 an opening angle a with each other. The radial forces 89; 91, the amounts of force 86; 92 apply, which are equal in magnitude in vector addition to the resultant 88. The opening angle α between the radial forces 89; 91, by the actuators 83; 84 after their operation, that is exercised after their application with a pressure medium, is also found between the radial forces 89; 91 rectified force vectors 86; 92. Depending on the arrangement of the actuators 83; 84 result in the diagram of the force vectors 86; 88; 92 between the resultant 88 and the force vectors 86; 92 different opening angles γ1; γ2, which, however, should be at least 15 ° to produce favorable force ratios. It is thus advantageous, the angular position of the radial forces 89; 91 of the actuators 83; 84 to be chosen so that the radial force 89; 91 of two of the actuated by a control signal actuators 83; 84 is set so that each of these radial forces 89; 91 an amount 86; 92 of at least 30%, preferably 50%, in particular 70% of a counteracting resultant 88, wherein the resultant 88 in turn as a vector sum of all acting on the first roller 71 forces 80; 81; 82 is formed. Otherwise, one of the two actors involved has 83; 84 an excessively high proportion of force 86; 92, while the other would hardly be used. But because those of the actors 83; 84 applied forces are limited in terms of amount in practice, such arrangements are advantageous in which the participating actuators 83; 84 among the given constructive conditions contribute as much as possible, what in the Fig. 8 z. B. is indicated by the two dashed lines force vectors, which in this example both have a share of 70% of the counteracting resultant 88. In the Fig. 8 the opening angle α between the radial forces 89; 91 selected as an example to 90 °, so that the force vectors orthogonal to each other 86; 92 and the resultant 88 always form a right triangle with each other, wherein the vertex of the between the radial forces 89; 91 existing opening angle α depending on the distribution of the radial forces 89; 91 on one in the Fig. 8 shifts the dashed arc. Other advantageous settings for the opening angle α can be between 45 ° and 135 °, in particular at 90 ° and also at 120 °. The opening angle α, the radial forces 89; 91 of the actuated actuators 83; 84 form with each other, is in many roller assemblies not equal to an opening angle β, which forms the force exerted by the first roller 71 on the second roller 72 pressing force 82 with the force exerted by the first roller 71 on the third roller 67 contact pressure 81, wherein the opening angle β z , B. is between 30 ° and 180 °, but preferably between 60 ° and 120 °, in particular at about 90 °.

In a preferred embodiment of the device 20, the actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 are formed in or on a wall of the frame holder 27, and preferably as in or on a wall of the frame holder 26 or the roller holder 27 mounted, side-limited pressure chambers (see. Fig. 4 ), wherein the pressure chambers perform a pressurized to a roll holder 27 radial stroke, the z. B. may be up to 10 mm.

It is advantageous if the frame holder 26 has connections for supply lines for the supply of pressure medium for the hollow bodies or pressure chambers ( Fig. 4 and 5 ). At least the frame holder 26 is advantageously rotationally symmetrical form, because then during its assembly no special alignment to a frame wall 79 (FIG. Fig. 7 ). The pressure chambers may have a membrane, wherein at least one web formed on the frame holder 27 is formed between the pressure chambers ( Fig. 4 ) to which the membrane may be connected. In the structural design either a self-contained annular membrane covers all the pressure chambers or for each pressure chamber, an associated membrane is provided. The latter version is in the Fig. 4 shown. The membrane is preferably inserted into a groove introduced into the frame holder 27, glued or clamped. In the device 20 advantageously three or four actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 or pressure chambers may be provided, which are arranged along the circumference of the roll holder 27 preferably equidistantly spaced.

The Fig. 9 shows a similar arrangement as the Fig. 8 , but with the difference that here according to the illustrated section of the inking unit, two rollers 67; 71 are employed against each other. An associated graph of force vectors 80; 81; 86; 88; 92 is drawn, after which the actuators 83; 84 the required forces 86; 92 apply. In the Fig. 10 with respect to the same inking unit, the roller 71 is separated from its adjacent rollers 67; 72 completely turned off. Again, an associated diagram of the force vectors 80 illustrates; 86; 98 the effective force ratios, according to which to achieve this operating condition for the roller assembly acting with the roller 71 actuators 83; 94 are to be operated.

The Fig. 11 shows a section of the inking unit with a against two rollers 67; 72 employed roller 71 and a representation of the radial forces 89; 91; 96; 97 of each offset by 90 ° to each other arranged actuators 83; 84; 93; 94. With this arrangement, the contact forces 81; 82 apply and to compensate for the employee applied roller 71 weight force 80. With such an arrangement of actuators 83; 84; 93; 94, a displacement of the roller 71 in any direction in the plane of the plane, which here is equal to the plane of the drawing, can be made. Some devices 20 for adjusting a pressing force 82 exerted by a first roller 71 on at least one second roller 72 in a printing machine and / or for switching on / off a first roller 71 to or from at least one second roller 72 may not all of these illustrated actuators 83; 84; 93; 94, but only at least two actuators 83; 84, which in their actuated, ie pressure medium-loaded operating state, a radial directed into the first roller 71 force 89; 91 exert because in the opposite direction of the radial force 89; 91 z. B. a preferably biased spring element is provided.

A third embodiment of a roller assembly is in the Fig. 12 shown. It relates to a device 20 for adjusting a contact pressure 81; 82, which apply a first roller 71 and a second roller 72 to at least one third roller 67 in a printing press, and / or for switching on / off a first roller 71 and at least one second roller 72 to a third roller 67, wherein for the first roller 71 and the second roller 72 actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 are provided, which in their actuated operating state, a radial force 89; 91; 96; 97 exercise, each in the standing in operative connection with them roller 71; 72 is directed. This device 20 is characterized in that a Öftnungswinkel α1; α2 between the two actuators 83; 84 on the same roller 71; 72 directed radial forces 89; 91 in the first roller 71 and the second roller 72 is the same. In this case, form in the first roller 71 and the second roller 72, the radial forces 89; 91; 96; 97 of actuated actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 each have an opening angle α1; α2 with each other, which is different from an opening angle β, which forms the force exerted by the first roller 71 on the third roller 67 pressing force 82 with the force exerted by the second roller 72 on the third roller 67 contact force 81. As in the previously described devices 20, the actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 its radial force 89; 91; 96; 97 actuated by a control signal exercise, ie the actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 are z. B. actuated by one of the printing machine associated control station. The opening angle α; α1; α2, the radial forces 89; 91 of the actuated actuators 83; 84 form with each other, z. B. between 45 ° and 135 °, preferably between 90 ° and 120 °. The opening angle .beta. Which the pressing force 82 exerted by the first roller 71 on the third roller 67 is equal to that of the second Roller 72 on the third roller 67 exerted pressing force 81 forms, z. B. between 30 ° and 180 °, preferably 60 ° to 120 °, in particular 90 °.

Also in this device 20 with two independently engageable with a third roller 67 rollers 71; 72, the first roller 71 and / or the second roller 72 may each be held in a roller holder 27, which in turn is mounted in a frame holder 26, wherein the actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 are preferably arranged between the frame holder 26 and the roll holder 27. The frame holder 26 is advantageously formed as a housing in which the actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 are arranged (see. Fig. 4 or 5 ), wherein the housing is formed at least half-shelled. Again, it is recommended that the actuators 83; 84; 93; 94 form as a pressurizable hollow body, the z. B. pneumatically actuated and preferably rodless is formed. It is advantageous to form the hollow body or bodies at least partially from an elastomer material. Also in this roller arrangement, the first roller 71 or the second roller 72 may be a roller of an inking unit or a dampening unit.

This in Fig. 13 shown inking 01 is the order of ink on a cylinder 02, z. B. a forme cylinder 02, which in turn transmits the ink to a blanket cylinder 03. An in Fig. 13 not shown material web, z. As a substrate web, for example, a paper web is carried out between the blanket cylinder 03 and a counter-pressure cylinder 04 and is printed by the contact with the blanket cylinder 03 with the desired print image. To supply the moisture required in the transmission of the printed image is a dampening unit 06 with a spray 07 and various rollers 08a; 08b; 08c; 08d, z. B. dampening rollers 08a; 08b; 08c; 08d provided.

In a trained as a paint box 09 reservoir 09 a certain amount of a pasty ink 10 is stored. By using a Farbduktors 11 in conjunction with a colorimeter 12, the ink 10 can in a suitable manner be funded. A color film of a certain thickness is from the ink fountain roller 11 to a downstream roller 13, z. B. Film roller 13 transferred. By rolling the respective adjacent lateral surfaces of the rollers 14; 15, z. B. ink transfer rollers 14; 15 and the respective downstream rollers 16; 17, z. B. Farbreibwalzen 16; 17, the ink 10 is then applied to two rollers 18; 19, z. B. two inking rollers 18; 19 transmitted. The inking rollers 18; 19 in turn roll on the forme cylinder 02 and thereby carry the nachgeförderte printing ink 10 on the forme cylinder 02.

The forme cylinder 02, the Farbreibwalzen 16; 17, the film roller 13 and the ink fountain roller 11 1 are all firmly in one in Fig. 13 not shown machine frame stored. This means for the purposes of this invention that the set pressure between the individual rollers 16; 17; 13 or the cylinder 02 not by adjusting these rollers 16; 17; 13 or cylinders 02 is variable. The ink rubbing rollers 16; 17 may of course be moved relative to the machine frame in the axial direction to rub the ink on the adjacent ink transfer rollers 14 and 15 and inking rollers 18 and 19, respectively. The "solid" rollers are so achsabstandsunveränderbar.

The ink transfer rollers 14 and 15 and inking rollers 18 and 19 are each mounted with two devices 20 on the opposite sides of the machine frame, so that between the rollers 16; 17; 13 or the cylinder 02 in the roller train of the inking unit 01 by actuation of these devices 20, an adjustment of the ink transfer rollers 14 and 15 and inking rollers 18 and 19 is possible. The contact pressure in the roll strip between the ink transfer rollers 14 and 15 and inking rollers 18 and19 on the one hand and the forme cylinder 02, the Farbreibwalzen 16; 17 and the film roller 13 and the ink fountain roller 11 on the other hand can each be set sequentially. The setting of the inking unit 01 can be realized particularly quickly by adjusting the contact pressure in the roller strips at the same time everywhere. For this purpose, the devices 20, in which the ink transfer rollers 14 and 15 and inking rollers 18 and 19 are stored, in the Essentially actuated at the same time. An influencing of the contact pressure in the individual roller strips is excluded even with simultaneous operation of all devices 20, as between the adjustably mounted ink transfer rollers 14 and 15 and inking rollers 18 bzw.19 each one fixed to the frame roller 16 and 17, namely the Farbreibwalze 16 and 17, is arranged.

Also on dampening unit 06 are adjustable with devices 20 mounted dampening rollers 08a and 08c between the frame-mounted dampening rollers 08b and 08d and the frame-mounted form cylinder 02 are arranged.

01

Farbwerk

02

Zylinder, Formzylinder

03

Gummituchzylinder

04

Gegendruckzylinder

05

-

06

Feuchtwerk

07

Sprüheinrichtung

08

-

09

Vorratsbehälter, Farbkasten

10

Druckfarbe

11

Farbduktor

12

Farbmesser

13

Walze, Filmwalze

14

Walze, Farbübertragungswalze

15

Walze, Farbübertragungswalze

16

Walze, Farbreibwalze

17

Walze, Farbreibwalze

18

Walze, Farbauftragswalze

19

Walze, Farbauftragswalze

20

Vorrichtung

21

Walze

22

Walze

23

Achse

24

Schnellverschluss

25

-

26

Rahmenhalter

27

Walzenhalter

28

Grundplatte (26)

29

Hülsenkörper (26)

30

-

31

Ausnehmung (26)

32

Abschnitt (27)

33

Spalt

34

Aktor, Druckschlauch

35

-

36

Druckkammer

37

Lamellenelement (27)

38

Lamellenelement (26)

39

Stempel

40

Stempelkopf

41

Flansch (40)

42

Druckplatte

43

Federelement, Tellerfederpaket

44

Druckanschluss

45

-

46

Druckkammer

47

Befestigungsschraube

48

Zuleitung

49

-

50

-

51

Farbwerk

52

Walze, verstellbar gelagert

53

Walze, gestellfest gelagert

54

Walze, gestellfest gelagert

55

-

56

Druckkammer

57

Druckkammer

58

Druckkammer

59

Druckkammer

60

-

61

Druckkammer

62

Walzenstreifen

63

Walzenstreifen

64

-

65

-

66

Farbwerk

67

Walze, Rasterwalze

68

Zylinder, Formzylinder

69

Walzenzug, oberer

70

-

71

Walze, Farbübertragungswalze

72

Walze, Farbübertragungswalze

73

Walze, Farbauftragswalze

74

Walzenzug, unterer

75

-

76

Walze, Farbübertragungswalze

77

Walze, Farbübertragungswalze

78

Walze, Farbauftragswalze

79

Gestell

80

Kraftvektor, Gewichtskraft

81

Kraftvektor, Anpresskraft

82

Kraftvektor, Anpresskraft

83

Aktor; Druckkammer

84

Aktor; Druckkammer

85

-

86

Kraftvektor, Einstellkraft

87

Kraftvektor, Einstellkraft

88

Resultierende

89

radiale Kraft

90

-

91

radiale Kraft

92

Kraftvektor, Einstellkraft

93

Aktor; Druckkammer

94

Aktor; Druckkammer

95

-

96

radiale Kraft

97

radiale Kraft

98

Kraftvektor, Einstellkraft

08a

Walze, Feuchtwalze

08b

Walze, Feuchtwalze

08c

Walze, Feuchtwalze

08d

Walze, Feuchtwalze

α, α1, α2

Öffnungswinkel zwischen radialen Kräften

β

Öffnungswinkel zwischen Anpresskräften

γ1, γ2

Öffnungswinkel zwischen einer radialen Kraft und einer Resultierenden

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01

inking

02

Cylinder, forme cylinder

03

Blanket cylinder

04

Impression cylinder

05

-

06

dampening

07

spraying

08

-

09

Reservoir, color box

10

printing ink

11

ink fountain roller

12

colorimeter

13

Roller, film roller

14

Roller, ink transfer roller

15

Roller, ink transfer roller

16

Roller, inking roller

17

Roller, inking roller

18

Roller, inking roller

19

Roller, inking roller

20

contraption

21

roller

22

roller

23

axis

24

quick release

25

-

26

frame holder

27

roller holder

28

Base plate (26)

29

Sleeve body (26)

30

-

31

Recess (26)

32

Section (27)

33

gap

34

Actuator, pressure hose

35

-

36

pressure chamber

37

Slat element (27)

38

Slat element (26)

39

stamp

40

ram head

41

Flange (40)

42

printing plate

43

Spring element, plate spring package

44

pressure connection

45

-

46

pressure chamber

47

fixing screw

48

supply

49

-

50

-

51

inking

52

Roller, adjustable

53

Roller, fixed to the frame

54

Roller, fixed to the frame

55

-

56

pressure chamber

57

pressure chamber

58

pressure chamber

59

pressure chamber

60

-

61

pressure chamber

62

roller strip

63

roller strip

64

-

65

-

66

inking

67

Roller, anilox roller

68

Cylinder, forme cylinder

69

Compactor, upper

70

-

71

Roller, ink transfer roller

72

Roller, ink transfer roller

73

Roller, inking roller

74

Compactor, lower

75

-

76

Roller, ink transfer roller

77

Roller, ink transfer roller

78

Roller, inking roller

79

frame

80

Force vector, weight force

81

Force vector, contact pressure

82

Force vector, contact pressure

83

actuator; pressure chamber

84

actuator; pressure chamber

85

-

86

Force vector, adjustment force

87

Force vector, adjustment force

88

resulting

89

radial force

90

-

91

radial force

92

Force vector, adjustment force

93

actuator; pressure chamber

94

actuator; pressure chamber

95

-

96

radial force

97

radial force

98

Force vector, adjustment force

08a

Roller, dampening roller

08b

Roller, dampening roller

08c

Roller, dampening roller

08d

Roller, dampening roller

α, α1, α2

Opening angle between radial forces

β

Opening angle between contact forces

γ1, γ2

Opening angle between a radial force and a resultant

Claims (36)

1. A method of setting a pressing force (81; 82) exerted by a first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) upon a second roller (08b; 16; 17; 54; 72; 77) and at least one third roller (02; 08d; 13; 67) in a printing press, wherein the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) is held in a roller retaining means (27) which in turn is mounted in a frame retaining means (26), wherein at least two actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) are arranged between the roller retaining means (27) and the frame retaining means (26), wherein the actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) in their actuated operative state exert a force (89; 91; 96; 97) directed radially upon the roller retaining means (27), wherein a resultant (88) is formed as a vector sum of all the forces (80; 81, 82) engaging on the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) after the setting, wherein those actuators (83; 84), of which the radial force (89; 91) counteracts the resultant (88), are actuated, wherein the radial force (89; 91) of the actuated actuators (83; 84) is set to an amount (86; 92) until the vector sum thereof corresponds to the resultant (88), characterized in that the actuators (83; 84) are actuated by a control signal, and the actuators (83; 84) actuated by a control signal exert a radial force (89; 91), wherein an opening angle (γ1; γ2) between the radial force (89; 91) of the actuated actuator (83; 84) and a resultant (88) counteracting the radial force (89; 91) amounts to at least 15°, and wherein the resultant (88) is formed as a vector sum of all the forces (80; 81, 82) engaging on the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78).
2. A method of setting off a first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) from at least one second roller (08b; 16; 17; 54; 72; 77) in a printing press, wherein the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) is held in a roller retaining means (27) which in turn is mounted in a frame retaining means (26), wherein at least two actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) are arranged between the roller retaining means (27) and the frame retaining means (26), wherein the actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) in their actuated operative state exert a force (89; 91; 96; 97) directed radially upon the roller retaining means (27), wherein a resultant (88) is formed as a vector sum of all the forces (80; 81, 82) engaging on the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) after the setting off, wherein at least one actuator (83; 84), of which the radial force (89; 91) counteracts the resultant (88), is actuated, wherein the radial force (89; 91) of the actuated actuator (83; 84) is set to an amount (86; 92) which corresponds to the vector sum of the resultant (88), characterized in that the actuators (83; 84) are actuated by a control signal, and two actuators (83; 84) actuated by a control signal exert a radial force (89; 91), wherein an opening angle (γ1; γ2) between the radial force (89; 91) of the actuated actuator (83; 84) and a resultant (88) counteracting the radial force (89; 91) amounts to at least 15°, and wherein the resultant (88) is formed as a vector sum of all the forces (80; 81, 82) engaging on the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78).
3. A method according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the weight force (80) of the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) is included in the vector sum in order to form the resultant (88).
4. A method according to one of Claims 2 or 3, characterized in that, in the event that the weight force (80) of the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) alone forms the resultant (88), the radial force (91; 97) of the actuated actuators (83; 84) is set at least temporarily to an amount (86; 98) so that the vector sum thereof during this setting-off is quantitatively greater than the resultant (88).
5. A method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that those actuators (83; 84; 93; 94), of which the radial force (89; 91; 96; 97) has a positive amount (86; 92; 98) against the resultant (88), are actuated.
6. A method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the roller retaining means (27) is fixed in the frame retaining means (26) after the vector sum of the radial forces (89; 91; 97) set to the amount (86; 92; 98) corresponds to the resultant (88).
7. A method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the actuated actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) displace the roller retaining means (27) in the frame retaining means (26).
8. A method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) displace the mid-point of the roller retaining means (27) up to 15 mm in an eccentric manner from the mid-point of the frame retaining means (26).
9. An apparatus for setting a pressing force (81; 82) exerted by a first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) upon a second roller (08b; 16; 17; 54; 72; 77) and at least one third roller (02; 08d; 13; 67) in a printing press and/or for setting a first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) on or off from a second roller (08b; 16; 17; 54; 72; 77) and at least one third roller (02; 08d; 13; 67), wherein the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) is held in a roller retaining means (27) which in turn is mounted in a frame retaining means (26), wherein at least two actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) are arranged between the roller retaining means (27) and the frame retaining means (26), wherein the actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) in their actuated operative state exert a force (89; 91; 96; 97) directed radially upon the roller retaining means (27), characterized in that the radial force (89; 91) of two of the actuators (83; 84) actuated by a control signal is set in such a way that each of the said radial forces (89; 91) has an amount (86; 92) of at least 30 % of a counteracting resultant (88), wherein the resultant (88) is formed as a vector sum of all the forces (80; 81, 82) alone engaging on the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78), and the radial forces (89; 91) of the actuated actuators (83; 84) form an opening angle (α) with each other which is not equal to an opening angle (β) which is formed by the pressing force (82) exerted by the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) upon the second roller (08b; 16; 17; 54; 72; 77) with the pressing force (81) exerted by the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) upon the third roller (02; 08d; 13; 67).
10. An apparatus according to Claim 9, characterized in that the opening angle (α) formed by the radial forces (89; 91) of the actuated actuators (83; 84) amounts to between 45° and 135°.
11. An apparatus according to Claim 9, characterized in that the opening angle (β), which is formed by the pressing force (82) exerted by the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) upon the second roller (08b; 16; 17; 54; 72; 77) with the pressing force (81) exerted by the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) upon the third roller (02; 08d; 13; 67), amounts to between 30° and 180°.
12. An apparatus for setting a pressing force (81; 82) exerted by a first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) upon a second roller (08b; 16; 17; 54; 72; 77) and at least one third roller (02; 08d; 13; 67) in a printing press and/or for setting a first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) on or off from a second roller (08b; 16; 17; 54; 72; 77) and at least one third roller (02; 08d; 13; 67), wherein the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) is held in a roller retaining means (27) which in turn is mounted in a frame retaining means (26), wherein at least two actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) are arranged between the roller retaining means (27) and the frame retaining means (26), wherein the actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) in their actuated operative state exert a force (89; 91; 96; 97) directed radially upon the roller retaining means (27), wherein two actuators (83; 84) exert a radial force (89; 91), wherein an opening angle (γ1; γ2) between the radial force (89; 91) of the actuated actuator (83; 84) and a resultant (88) counteracting the radial force (89; 91) amounts to at least 15°, wherein the resultant (88) is formed as a vector sum of all the forces (80; 81, 82) engaging on the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78), characterized in that the actuators (83; 84) exerting the radial force (89; 91) are actuated by a control signal, and the roller retaining means (27) is displaceable in an eccentric manner in the frame retaining means (26) in such a way that the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) and the second roller (08b; 16; 17; 54; 72; 77) move out of contact.
13. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 12, characterized in that at least one actuator (83; 84; 93; 94), which when actuated moves the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) and the second roller (08b; 16; 17; 54; 72; 77) out of contact, is arranged between the roller retaining means (27) and the frame retaining means (26).
14. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 13, characterized in that a fixing device is provided by which the roller retaining means (27) is capable of being fixed in the frame retaining means (26).
15. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 14, characterized in that at least one spring element, against which the actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) displace the roller retaining means (27) in the frame retaining means (26) and which in the operative state not stressed by the actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) sets the roller retaining means (27) back into a starting position, is provided between the roller retaining means (27) and the frame retaining means (26).
16. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 15, characterized in that the actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) are constructed in the form of a hollow body capable of being acted upon with pressure.
17. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 16, characterized in that the hollow body is capable of being acted upon pneumatically.
18. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 17, characterized in that the hollow body is constructed without piston rods.
19. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 18, characterized in that the hollow body is formed at least in part from an elastomer material.
20. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 19, characterized in that the actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) are formed in or on a wall of the frame retaining means (27).
21. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 20, characterized in that the actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) are constructed in the form of pressure chambers which are attached in or on a wall of the frame retaining means (26) or of the roller retaining means (27) and which are bounded at the side, wherein when acted upon with pressure the pressure chambers perform a radial stroke directed towards the roller retaining means (27).
22. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 21, characterized in that the radial stroke amounts to up to 10 mm.
23. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 22, characterized in that the frame retaining means (26) has connexions for supply lines for the supply of pressure medium for the hollow bodies or pressure chambers respectively.
24. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 23, characterized in that at least the frame retaining means (26) is designed in a rotationally symmetrical manner.
25. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 24, characterized in that the pressure chambers have a diaphragm.
26. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 25, characterized in that at least one web, which is formed integrally on the frame retaining means (27) and to which the diaphragm is connected, is formed between the pressure chambers.
27. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 26, characterized in that a completely closed annular diaphragm covers all the pressure chambers.
28. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 27, characterized in that an associated diaphragm is provided for each pressure chamber.
29. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 28, characterized in that the diaphragm is inserted, secured by adhesion or clamped in a groove formed in the frame retaining means (27).
30. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 29, characterized in that three or four actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) or pressure chambers are provided.
31. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 30, characterized in that the actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) or pressure chambers are arranged spaced equidistantly along the periphery of the roller retaining means (27).
32. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 31, characterized in that the frame retaining means (26) is constructed in the form of a housing in which the actuators (83; 84; 93; 94) are arranged.
33. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 32, characterized in that the housing is constructed in the form of at least half a shell.
34. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 33, characterized in that the first roller (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78) or the second roller (08b; 16; 17; 54; 72; 77) is a roller of an inking unit or a dampening unit.
35. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 34, characterized in that at least one of the rollers (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78; 08b; 16; 17; 54; 72; 77) capable of being set and/or of being set on or off is a roller which co-operates with a forme cylinder (02).
36. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 9 to 35, characterized in that all the rollers (08a; 08c; 14; 15; 18; 19; 52; 71; 73; 76; 78; 08b; 16; 17; 54; 72; 77) which co-operate with a forme cylinder (02) are capable of being set and/or of being set on or off.

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