EP1456905B1 - Dispositif pour le pilotage des antennes d'emission des systemes de detection electromagnetiques - Google Patents

Dispositif pour le pilotage des antennes d'emission des systemes de detection electromagnetiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1456905B1
EP1456905B1 EP02805395A EP02805395A EP1456905B1 EP 1456905 B1 EP1456905 B1 EP 1456905B1 EP 02805395 A EP02805395 A EP 02805395A EP 02805395 A EP02805395 A EP 02805395A EP 1456905 B1 EP1456905 B1 EP 1456905B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
amplifier
bridge
transmission
branches
antenna element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02805395A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1456905A1 (fr
Inventor
François SCHMIDT
Daniel Heyden
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Exaqt SA de CV
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Exaqt SA de CV
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Publication of EP1456905A1 publication Critical patent/EP1456905A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H01Q7/04—Screened antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, in general, to systems electromagnetic detectors, such as detection systems objects, for example stolen objects. More particularly, this invention is interested in a device for controlling transmission antennas, in such electromagnetic detection systems.
  • Preferred areas for using such systems are, for example, anti-theft protection in stores and warehouses, authentication of products and information media, the detection of forgotten surgical products inside the body of patients after a operation, and any other areas in which one seeks to measure small variations inside an intense electromagnetic field.
  • US patent application 4,274,090 discloses a monitoring system to a single receiving antenna and two transmitting antennas in the last being used alternately.
  • any granted circuit having a factor important surge it takes here a relatively long time to modify the amplitude or phase of the alternating current flowing in the antennas.
  • the frequency of emission it is necessary to envisage to modify accord of the tuned circuit, which is expensive because it is a circuit of power in which large currents flow and uses expensive and bulky components; this function is absolutely essential in many systems because you have to be able to synchronize several devices exactly on the same frequency so they do not get do not disturb each other when placed in the same environment.
  • the modification of the current phase makes it possible to modify the preferential directions of emitted electromagnetic fields and thus to detect "markers" whose direction of maximum sensitivity is variable.
  • the present invention aims to eliminate all of these disadvantages, and it is therefore intended to greatly simplify the "emission" for electromagnetic detection systems of the kind here concerned, thereby providing a significant cost saving, while giving the possibility of implementing very easily, and without any device expensive annex, functions that are desired as the possibility of instantly control the frequencies, amplitudes and phases of currents flowing in several antenna elements, this by proposing a direct control of the transmitting antenna, without an element of agreement between the power amplifier and the antenna.
  • the idea underlying the invention is to couple directly the transmitting antenna to its power amplifier, without components adapters such as transformers, inductors or capacitors, the amplifier being preferentially of the so-called “H-bridge” type, but also use the so-called “half-bridge” or “quarter-bridge” topology, as specified below. In all cases, it is a simplified amplifier, operating in “all or nothing", directly controlled by digital type signals, that is, having a "zero" level or a "one” level.
  • Direct coupling between the transmitting antenna and the amplifier allows the frequency of the electromagnetic field to be varied quickly transmitted by the antenna, and also to rapidly vary the phase of the field electromagnetic emitted by this antenna.
  • the transmitting antenna and the amplifier are powered by an electronic power supply circuit of the type "corrector of power factor ", it is also possible to vary quickly the amplitude of the electromagnetic field emitted by the antenna, by variation of voltage supplied to the power amplifier by such a circuit Power.
  • the or each transmitter amplifier is an amplifier of the type "H bridge", four branches each comprising an active switching element and an element passive recovery, connected in parallel, the four branches being connected to power supplies, and their switching elements also being connected, by via control stages, to an electronic stage of implementation forms control signals.
  • the or each transmission amplifier is an amplifier of the "half-bridge" type in H ", with four branches, two of which comprise a switching element active and a passive recovery element, connected in parallel, while the two other panels are made by at least one condenser and / or least one power supply, the switching elements of the first two connected panels, via at least one control stage, to an electronic stage for shaping the control signals.
  • the or each amplifier Is an amplifier of the type "quarter bridge H", four branches only one of which includes an active switching element and a passive recovery element, mounted in parallel, while the others branches are made by at least one capacitor and / or at least one power supply, the switching element of the first branch being connected by through a control stage, to an electronic stage of implementation forms control signals.
  • the performance of the amplifier is degraded because the unique active element can only control the current in the transmitting antenna in a only sense.
  • capacitors used in passive branches of the H-bridges for "half-bridge” or “quarter” “bridge”, have the role of providing points of return of the current of the antenna emission, with adapted electrical voltages; these capacitors have, in general, a great value and they are not used here for tune the circuit they make up with the inductance of the antenna element associated.
  • the or each amplifier of power is provided to circulate in the transmitting antenna element directly coupled to this amplifier, a current essentially of form "triangular", the voltage in the same transmitting antenna element having the appearance of a "square” signal.
  • the transmit amplifiers are themselves driven advantageously by "square" input signals and maximum amplitude, which makes it possible to simplify to the extreme their design, reduce the number of components and reduce heat dissipation, as well as the surface of the heat sinks used to evacuate the heat produced.
  • the current flowing in the or each antenna element of emission can be modulated in frequency and / or in phase and / or in amplitude, this according to any law of variation desired for example sinusoidal, triangular, square or random. It should be noted that increasing the transmission frequency makes it possible to reduce the amplitude of the emitted electromagnetic field, when it is not desirable or not possible to reduce the voltage supplied by the power supply to the amplifier.
  • the or each circuit compensation receiving the signal from a receiving antenna element, includes an adaptation and amplification circuit, capacitors, inductors and switches, arranged to weaken transient signals created in the receiving antenna element, in particular during reversals of voltage at the moment the amplifier is switched, and also during current reversals in the antenna, to compensate for the effects of the passage of the current in the amplifier, which is alternately in the element or elements switching devices and in the passive recovery element or elements.
  • the components used to perform the compensation function can also perform the balancing function between several antenna elements reception, in order to attenuate the signals created in the reception antenna by the proximity of the transmitting antenna and magnetic materials.
  • the solution of a compensation circuit, inserted in the reception channel is more efficient and less expensive than adapters made on the amplifier for example by multiplying the active switching elements or using complementary polarization supplies for the active switching elements and passive recovery elements.
  • Figure 1 shows a typical antenna of a detection system electromagnetic action of stolen objects, the antenna generally designated by the reference 2 comprising a mechanical assembly 3, supporting the coils of the transmit and receive antennas.
  • the transmit antennas here include two transmit antenna elements 4, while the receiving antennas comprise two receiving antenna elements 5.
  • the two elements transmission antenna 4, as well as the two antenna elements of receiving 5, form two balanced branches, for example of shape triangular, which compensate each other.
  • each of the two transmitting antenna elements 4 it is provided an amplifier, in the example shown two amplifiers 6. output of each amplifier 6 is electrically connected to the element corresponding transmission antenna 4.
  • the system has a general power supply 7, from the AC power distribution network, or any other source of electrical energy, such as batteries, batteries or solar cells.
  • the general power supply 7 serves two particular power supplies 8, respectively associated with the two emission amplifiers 6.
  • the output of each particular power supply 8 is connected to the transmission amplifier 6 corresponding.
  • Each reception antenna element 5 is associated with a circuit compensation 9.
  • FIG. 2 represents, in detail, an amplifier 6 associated with a transmitting antenna element 4, the amplifier 6 being of the "H-bridge" type.
  • Each of the four branches of such an "H-bridge” includes a active switching element 11 and a passive recovery element 12, connected in parallel, the arrows indicating the direction of current flow in these elements 11 and 12.
  • the active switching element 11 is for example a bipolar transistor or field effect, a thyristor or an IGBT transistor.
  • the passive recovery element 12 is for example a diode.
  • Power supplies 13 provide, to the switching elements active 11, the power needed for the proper voltage. These power supplies 13 also absorb currents routed by recovery elements liabilities 12.
  • Electronic control stages 14 provide control active switching elements 11, each stage 14 being associated with a pair of switching elements 11.
  • the control stage 14 makes conduct a switching element 11 of the pair concerned, at the same time time that it makes the other switching element 11 isolated, this in turn for an element 11 (such as the one above) and the other element 11 (such as that of the low).
  • This control stage 14 can be realized with components discrete electronics, or with specialized integrated circuits.
  • the amplifier 6 of the "H-bridge" type comprises a stage electronics 15 shaping the control signals.
  • Floor 15 receives the signals coming from the processing unit 10 (FIG. 1), and it adapts them to be usable by the control stages 14.
  • the amplifier 6 of the type "H bridge”, constituted as it comes to be described, is coupled directly to the transmit antenna element 4 associated.
  • FIG. 3 on which the elements corresponding to those of the Figure 2 are designated by the same benchmarks, shows another form of realization of the amplifier 6 associated with a transmission antenna element 4. It this is an amplifier of the kind "half-bridge", still coupled directly to the transmitting antenna element 4.
  • Two branches of the H-bridge of FIG. previously described, are here replaced by one or more capacitors 16, usable alone or in combination with one or more power supplies additional information, such as that indicated in 17.
  • the current I in the antenna element emission 4 has, as a function of time t, the pace illustrated in the part bottom of Figure 4.
  • the current I is here, basically, of shape "triangular".
  • the voltage V in the same antenna element 4 it has the appearance of a "square" signal, as illustrated in FIG. upper part of Figure 4, this assuming that the transmission amplifier 6 is piloted on its input by a signal itself “square”. As illustrated also In FIG. 4, this "square" signal can be modulated in frequency.
  • the complete "H-bridge” version ( Figure 2) of the transmission amplifier 6 is, for example, well adapted to a device powered by an alternative 110-volt network, while the "half-bridge” version ( Figure 3) is advantageous in the case of an alternating network 220 volts ; indeed, the "half-bridge" provides the transmit antenna element 4 with a voltage alternative whose value is equal to half that provided by the "H bridge" full.
  • FIG. 5 represents the compensation circuit 9 associated with a receiving antenna element 5.
  • the compensation circuit 9 comprises an impedance matching and amplification circuit 18, capacitors 19, 20 and 21, inductors 22, 23, 24 and 25, and switches 26 and 27, the latter being controlled by the electronic processing unit 10 (FIG. 1), in synchronism with the voltages V and currents I (FIG. transmission antenna elements 4.
  • the compensation circuit 9, thus constituted ensures the shaping of the reception signals R, in particular to reduce the phenomenon of disturbance of the generally "triangular" shape of the current I by a small step of voltage at times when the direction of this current reverses, the "H-bridge" then passing from an operation controlled by the switching elements 11 to an operation controlled by the elements of recovery 12 ( Figures 2 and 3).
  • the compensation circuit 9 thus ensures a filtering which suppresses the transients appearing on the reception signal, mainly during the reversals of the direction of the current I.
  • the circuit of compensation 9 also occurs during inversions of the direction of variation of the current I, that is to say at the passages by the maxima and minima of the "triangle" ( Figure 4).
  • the compensation circuit 9 carries out a balancing for to compensate for residual imbalances in the reception signal R, between the alternations positive and negative; these imbalances having an origin because of the tolerances of the system's construction, and also extreme, for example because of electromagnetic impedance dissymmetries of the plysic environment of the antenna 2.
  • the electromagnetic detection system is applicable not only to the detection of stolen objects, but also to the detection of other objects and, more generally, any detections based on small variations inside an intense electromagnetic field.
  • a particular application of the invention is the detection of presence of a material likely to be more or less noisy when subjected to the electromagnetic field emitted by the system, which is the case, for example, for magnetostrictive materials.
  • the presence of likely materials thus to enter vibration can be detected automatically, for example at means of a microphone sensitive to acoustic noise generated by the material in question; in case of detection, the system automatically switches to a high frequency transmission mode.
  • the system can be the same as that used to detect markers for detection stolen objects, the electronic processing unit using software specific for this additional function.
EP02805395A 2001-12-21 2002-12-17 Dispositif pour le pilotage des antennes d'emission des systemes de detection electromagnetiques Expired - Lifetime EP1456905B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0116766 2001-12-21
FR0116766A FR2834132B1 (fr) 2001-12-21 2001-12-21 Dispositif pour le pilotage des antennes d'emission des systemes de detection electromagnetiques
PCT/FR2002/004400 WO2003055005A1 (fr) 2001-12-21 2002-12-17 Dispositif pour le pilotage des antennes d'émission des systèmes de détection électromagnétiques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1456905A1 EP1456905A1 (fr) 2004-09-15
EP1456905B1 true EP1456905B1 (fr) 2005-07-27

Family

ID=8870916

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02805395A Expired - Lifetime EP1456905B1 (fr) 2001-12-21 2002-12-17 Dispositif pour le pilotage des antennes d'emission des systemes de detection electromagnetiques

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (2) US20050095983A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1456905B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4095964B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN100452101C (zh)
AT (1) ATE300792T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2002364661A1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2470160A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE60205277T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2247426T3 (zh)
FR (1) FR2834132B1 (zh)
HU (1) HU226181B1 (zh)
IL (2) IL162453A0 (zh)
MX (1) MXPA04005842A (zh)
PL (1) PL371772A1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2308130C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2003055005A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA200404712B (zh)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2910749B1 (fr) * 2006-12-22 2010-12-17 Valeo Securite Habitacle Dispositif d'emission-reception de signaux pour vehicule automobile
DE102007043124B4 (de) * 2007-09-10 2016-03-31 Denso Corporation Vorrichtung und Verfahren für eine Radiowellenübertragung
EP3235267B1 (en) * 2014-12-17 2018-08-08 Widex A/S A hearing aid

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4274090A (en) * 1980-02-19 1981-06-16 Knogo Corporation Detection of articles in adjacent passageways
CN2050632U (zh) * 1987-10-23 1990-01-03 张刚 双线全自动感应式警卫防盗仪
FR2624671B1 (fr) * 1987-12-09 1990-12-14 Merlin Gerin Dispositif de commande d'un interrupteur statique
US4963880A (en) * 1988-05-03 1990-10-16 Identitech Coplanar single-coil dual function transmit and receive antenna for proximate surveillance system
US4949050A (en) * 1989-09-12 1990-08-14 Harris Corporation RF power amplifier system having amplifier protection
FR2705844B1 (fr) * 1993-05-28 1995-07-21 Thomson Csf Procédé et dispositif de modulation en amplitude d'un signal radiofréquence.
US5748891A (en) * 1994-07-22 1998-05-05 Aether Wire & Location Spread spectrum localizers
EP0798681A1 (en) * 1996-03-29 1997-10-01 Sensormatic Electronics Corporation Pulsed interrogation signal in harmonic EAS system
US5844130A (en) * 1996-04-03 1998-12-01 Ssi Technologies Apparatus for maintaining a constant radial distance between a transmitting circuit and an antenna coil
US6204729B1 (en) * 1997-12-19 2001-03-20 Nikon Research Corporation Of America H-bridge power amplifier for a motor
US6366474B1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-04-02 Jeff Gucyski Switching power supplies incorporating power factor correction and/or switching at resonant transition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002364661A1 (en) 2003-07-09
FR2834132A1 (fr) 2003-06-27
RU2004122390A (ru) 2006-01-20
ES2247426T3 (es) 2006-03-01
IL162453A (en) 2009-11-18
MXPA04005842A (es) 2004-09-10
JP2005528673A (ja) 2005-09-22
CN1606816A (zh) 2005-04-13
CA2470160A1 (fr) 2003-07-03
CN100452101C (zh) 2009-01-14
JP4095964B2 (ja) 2008-06-04
PL371772A1 (en) 2005-06-27
WO2003055005A1 (fr) 2003-07-03
US20080119146A1 (en) 2008-05-22
RU2308130C2 (ru) 2007-10-10
IL162453A0 (en) 2005-11-20
US20050095983A1 (en) 2005-05-05
DE60205277D1 (de) 2005-09-01
FR2834132B1 (fr) 2005-03-18
HU226181B1 (en) 2008-06-30
HUP0402353A2 (hu) 2005-02-28
ATE300792T1 (de) 2005-08-15
EP1456905A1 (fr) 2004-09-15
DE60205277T2 (de) 2006-06-08
ZA200404712B (en) 2005-05-24

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