EP1456905B1 - Device for monitoring transmission antennae of electromagnetic detection systems - Google Patents
Device for monitoring transmission antennae of electromagnetic detection systems Download PDFInfo
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- EP1456905B1 EP1456905B1 EP02805395A EP02805395A EP1456905B1 EP 1456905 B1 EP1456905 B1 EP 1456905B1 EP 02805395 A EP02805395 A EP 02805395A EP 02805395 A EP02805395 A EP 02805395A EP 1456905 B1 EP1456905 B1 EP 1456905B1
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- amplifier
- bridge
- transmission
- branches
- antenna element
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000861223 Issus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005534 acoustic noise Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
- H01Q7/04—Screened antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
Definitions
- the present invention relates, in general, to systems electromagnetic detectors, such as detection systems objects, for example stolen objects. More particularly, this invention is interested in a device for controlling transmission antennas, in such electromagnetic detection systems.
- Preferred areas for using such systems are, for example, anti-theft protection in stores and warehouses, authentication of products and information media, the detection of forgotten surgical products inside the body of patients after a operation, and any other areas in which one seeks to measure small variations inside an intense electromagnetic field.
- US patent application 4,274,090 discloses a monitoring system to a single receiving antenna and two transmitting antennas in the last being used alternately.
- any granted circuit having a factor important surge it takes here a relatively long time to modify the amplitude or phase of the alternating current flowing in the antennas.
- the frequency of emission it is necessary to envisage to modify accord of the tuned circuit, which is expensive because it is a circuit of power in which large currents flow and uses expensive and bulky components; this function is absolutely essential in many systems because you have to be able to synchronize several devices exactly on the same frequency so they do not get do not disturb each other when placed in the same environment.
- the modification of the current phase makes it possible to modify the preferential directions of emitted electromagnetic fields and thus to detect "markers" whose direction of maximum sensitivity is variable.
- the present invention aims to eliminate all of these disadvantages, and it is therefore intended to greatly simplify the "emission" for electromagnetic detection systems of the kind here concerned, thereby providing a significant cost saving, while giving the possibility of implementing very easily, and without any device expensive annex, functions that are desired as the possibility of instantly control the frequencies, amplitudes and phases of currents flowing in several antenna elements, this by proposing a direct control of the transmitting antenna, without an element of agreement between the power amplifier and the antenna.
- the idea underlying the invention is to couple directly the transmitting antenna to its power amplifier, without components adapters such as transformers, inductors or capacitors, the amplifier being preferentially of the so-called “H-bridge” type, but also use the so-called “half-bridge” or “quarter-bridge” topology, as specified below. In all cases, it is a simplified amplifier, operating in “all or nothing", directly controlled by digital type signals, that is, having a "zero" level or a "one” level.
- Direct coupling between the transmitting antenna and the amplifier allows the frequency of the electromagnetic field to be varied quickly transmitted by the antenna, and also to rapidly vary the phase of the field electromagnetic emitted by this antenna.
- the transmitting antenna and the amplifier are powered by an electronic power supply circuit of the type "corrector of power factor ", it is also possible to vary quickly the amplitude of the electromagnetic field emitted by the antenna, by variation of voltage supplied to the power amplifier by such a circuit Power.
- the or each transmitter amplifier is an amplifier of the type "H bridge", four branches each comprising an active switching element and an element passive recovery, connected in parallel, the four branches being connected to power supplies, and their switching elements also being connected, by via control stages, to an electronic stage of implementation forms control signals.
- the or each transmission amplifier is an amplifier of the "half-bridge" type in H ", with four branches, two of which comprise a switching element active and a passive recovery element, connected in parallel, while the two other panels are made by at least one condenser and / or least one power supply, the switching elements of the first two connected panels, via at least one control stage, to an electronic stage for shaping the control signals.
- the or each amplifier Is an amplifier of the type "quarter bridge H", four branches only one of which includes an active switching element and a passive recovery element, mounted in parallel, while the others branches are made by at least one capacitor and / or at least one power supply, the switching element of the first branch being connected by through a control stage, to an electronic stage of implementation forms control signals.
- the performance of the amplifier is degraded because the unique active element can only control the current in the transmitting antenna in a only sense.
- capacitors used in passive branches of the H-bridges for "half-bridge” or “quarter” “bridge”, have the role of providing points of return of the current of the antenna emission, with adapted electrical voltages; these capacitors have, in general, a great value and they are not used here for tune the circuit they make up with the inductance of the antenna element associated.
- the or each amplifier of power is provided to circulate in the transmitting antenna element directly coupled to this amplifier, a current essentially of form "triangular", the voltage in the same transmitting antenna element having the appearance of a "square” signal.
- the transmit amplifiers are themselves driven advantageously by "square" input signals and maximum amplitude, which makes it possible to simplify to the extreme their design, reduce the number of components and reduce heat dissipation, as well as the surface of the heat sinks used to evacuate the heat produced.
- the current flowing in the or each antenna element of emission can be modulated in frequency and / or in phase and / or in amplitude, this according to any law of variation desired for example sinusoidal, triangular, square or random. It should be noted that increasing the transmission frequency makes it possible to reduce the amplitude of the emitted electromagnetic field, when it is not desirable or not possible to reduce the voltage supplied by the power supply to the amplifier.
- the or each circuit compensation receiving the signal from a receiving antenna element, includes an adaptation and amplification circuit, capacitors, inductors and switches, arranged to weaken transient signals created in the receiving antenna element, in particular during reversals of voltage at the moment the amplifier is switched, and also during current reversals in the antenna, to compensate for the effects of the passage of the current in the amplifier, which is alternately in the element or elements switching devices and in the passive recovery element or elements.
- the components used to perform the compensation function can also perform the balancing function between several antenna elements reception, in order to attenuate the signals created in the reception antenna by the proximity of the transmitting antenna and magnetic materials.
- the solution of a compensation circuit, inserted in the reception channel is more efficient and less expensive than adapters made on the amplifier for example by multiplying the active switching elements or using complementary polarization supplies for the active switching elements and passive recovery elements.
- Figure 1 shows a typical antenna of a detection system electromagnetic action of stolen objects, the antenna generally designated by the reference 2 comprising a mechanical assembly 3, supporting the coils of the transmit and receive antennas.
- the transmit antennas here include two transmit antenna elements 4, while the receiving antennas comprise two receiving antenna elements 5.
- the two elements transmission antenna 4, as well as the two antenna elements of receiving 5, form two balanced branches, for example of shape triangular, which compensate each other.
- each of the two transmitting antenna elements 4 it is provided an amplifier, in the example shown two amplifiers 6. output of each amplifier 6 is electrically connected to the element corresponding transmission antenna 4.
- the system has a general power supply 7, from the AC power distribution network, or any other source of electrical energy, such as batteries, batteries or solar cells.
- the general power supply 7 serves two particular power supplies 8, respectively associated with the two emission amplifiers 6.
- the output of each particular power supply 8 is connected to the transmission amplifier 6 corresponding.
- Each reception antenna element 5 is associated with a circuit compensation 9.
- FIG. 2 represents, in detail, an amplifier 6 associated with a transmitting antenna element 4, the amplifier 6 being of the "H-bridge" type.
- Each of the four branches of such an "H-bridge” includes a active switching element 11 and a passive recovery element 12, connected in parallel, the arrows indicating the direction of current flow in these elements 11 and 12.
- the active switching element 11 is for example a bipolar transistor or field effect, a thyristor or an IGBT transistor.
- the passive recovery element 12 is for example a diode.
- Power supplies 13 provide, to the switching elements active 11, the power needed for the proper voltage. These power supplies 13 also absorb currents routed by recovery elements liabilities 12.
- Electronic control stages 14 provide control active switching elements 11, each stage 14 being associated with a pair of switching elements 11.
- the control stage 14 makes conduct a switching element 11 of the pair concerned, at the same time time that it makes the other switching element 11 isolated, this in turn for an element 11 (such as the one above) and the other element 11 (such as that of the low).
- This control stage 14 can be realized with components discrete electronics, or with specialized integrated circuits.
- the amplifier 6 of the "H-bridge" type comprises a stage electronics 15 shaping the control signals.
- Floor 15 receives the signals coming from the processing unit 10 (FIG. 1), and it adapts them to be usable by the control stages 14.
- the amplifier 6 of the type "H bridge”, constituted as it comes to be described, is coupled directly to the transmit antenna element 4 associated.
- FIG. 3 on which the elements corresponding to those of the Figure 2 are designated by the same benchmarks, shows another form of realization of the amplifier 6 associated with a transmission antenna element 4. It this is an amplifier of the kind "half-bridge", still coupled directly to the transmitting antenna element 4.
- Two branches of the H-bridge of FIG. previously described, are here replaced by one or more capacitors 16, usable alone or in combination with one or more power supplies additional information, such as that indicated in 17.
- the current I in the antenna element emission 4 has, as a function of time t, the pace illustrated in the part bottom of Figure 4.
- the current I is here, basically, of shape "triangular".
- the voltage V in the same antenna element 4 it has the appearance of a "square" signal, as illustrated in FIG. upper part of Figure 4, this assuming that the transmission amplifier 6 is piloted on its input by a signal itself “square”. As illustrated also In FIG. 4, this "square" signal can be modulated in frequency.
- the complete "H-bridge” version ( Figure 2) of the transmission amplifier 6 is, for example, well adapted to a device powered by an alternative 110-volt network, while the "half-bridge” version ( Figure 3) is advantageous in the case of an alternating network 220 volts ; indeed, the "half-bridge" provides the transmit antenna element 4 with a voltage alternative whose value is equal to half that provided by the "H bridge" full.
- FIG. 5 represents the compensation circuit 9 associated with a receiving antenna element 5.
- the compensation circuit 9 comprises an impedance matching and amplification circuit 18, capacitors 19, 20 and 21, inductors 22, 23, 24 and 25, and switches 26 and 27, the latter being controlled by the electronic processing unit 10 (FIG. 1), in synchronism with the voltages V and currents I (FIG. transmission antenna elements 4.
- the compensation circuit 9, thus constituted ensures the shaping of the reception signals R, in particular to reduce the phenomenon of disturbance of the generally "triangular" shape of the current I by a small step of voltage at times when the direction of this current reverses, the "H-bridge" then passing from an operation controlled by the switching elements 11 to an operation controlled by the elements of recovery 12 ( Figures 2 and 3).
- the compensation circuit 9 thus ensures a filtering which suppresses the transients appearing on the reception signal, mainly during the reversals of the direction of the current I.
- the circuit of compensation 9 also occurs during inversions of the direction of variation of the current I, that is to say at the passages by the maxima and minima of the "triangle" ( Figure 4).
- the compensation circuit 9 carries out a balancing for to compensate for residual imbalances in the reception signal R, between the alternations positive and negative; these imbalances having an origin because of the tolerances of the system's construction, and also extreme, for example because of electromagnetic impedance dissymmetries of the plysic environment of the antenna 2.
- the electromagnetic detection system is applicable not only to the detection of stolen objects, but also to the detection of other objects and, more generally, any detections based on small variations inside an intense electromagnetic field.
- a particular application of the invention is the detection of presence of a material likely to be more or less noisy when subjected to the electromagnetic field emitted by the system, which is the case, for example, for magnetostrictive materials.
- the presence of likely materials thus to enter vibration can be detected automatically, for example at means of a microphone sensitive to acoustic noise generated by the material in question; in case of detection, the system automatically switches to a high frequency transmission mode.
- the system can be the same as that used to detect markers for detection stolen objects, the electronic processing unit using software specific for this additional function.
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Support Of Aerials (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne, de façon générale, les systèmes de détection électromagnétiques, tels que les systèmes assurant la détection d'objets, par exemple des objets volés. Plus particulièrement, cette invention s'intéresse à un dispositif pour le pilotage des antennes d'émission, dans de tels systèmes de détection électromagnétiques.The present invention relates, in general, to systems electromagnetic detectors, such as detection systems objects, for example stolen objects. More particularly, this invention is interested in a device for controlling transmission antennas, in such electromagnetic detection systems.
Dans divers domaines d'activité on utilise des systèmes de détection qui exploitent les caractéristiques particulières de certains matériaux magnétiques, pour informer l'utilisateur de la présence de tels matériaux dans un volume d'espace spécifique pour chaque type de système.In various fields of activity, systems of detection that exploit the particular characteristics of certain materials magnetic fields, to inform the user of the presence of such materials in a specific volume of space for each type of system.
Les domaines préférentiels pour l'utilisation de tels systèmes sont, par exemple, la protection anti-vol dans les magasins et les entrepôts, l'authentification des produits et des supports d'information, la détection de produits chirurgicaux oubliés à l'intérieur du corps des patients après une opération, et tous autres domaines dans lesquels on cherche à mesurer des petites variations à l'intérieur d'un champ électromagnétique intense.Preferred areas for using such systems are, for example, anti-theft protection in stores and warehouses, authentication of products and information media, the detection of forgotten surgical products inside the body of patients after a operation, and any other areas in which one seeks to measure small variations inside an intense electromagnetic field.
Les systèmes de détection électromagnétiques actuellement connus utilisent le principe suivant :
- Une première antenne ou, le plus souvent, un ensemble constitué de plusieurs antennes élémentaires, est alimenté par un amplificateur de puissance électronique qui force la circulation d'un courant alternatif dans l'antenne. Ce courant crée un champ électromagnétique alternatif dans un volume d'espace caractéristique de la forme de l'antenne et avec une intensité proportionnelle à la valeur du courant. Cette antenne est appelée antenne d'émission.
- Une deuxième antenne, appelée antenne de réception ou, le plus généralement, un ensemble de plusieurs antennes élémentaires, est le siège d'un courant induit dépendant de la forme de cette antenne, et des variations du flux électromagnétique qui la traverse.
- Un système de compensation, d'équilibrage et de filtrage, différent selon les divers systèmes, permet de rendre l'antenne de réception et ses circuits amplificateurs associés sensibles à la présence d'éléments de matériaux magnétiques particuliers, lorsque ces éléments sont excités par le champ d'émission. On utilise une grande diversité de tels "marqueurs" incorporant divers types de matériaux magnétiques.
- Une unité de calcul, le plus souvent électronique, pilote le courant d'émission, met en forme les signaux de réception et évalue un diagnostic de présence ou non de "marqueur" ; elle assure également les liaisons entre les systèmes et les dispositifs extérieurs.
- A first antenna or, most often, a set consisting of several elementary antennas, is powered by an electronic power amplifier which forces the flow of an alternating current in the antenna. This current creates an alternating electromagnetic field in a volume of space characteristic of the shape of the antenna and with an intensity proportional to the value of the current. This antenna is called an emission antenna.
- A second antenna, called reception antenna or, more generally, a set of several elementary antennas, is the seat of an induced current depending on the shape of this antenna, and variations in the electromagnetic flux that passes through it.
- A system of compensation, balancing and filtering, different according to the various systems, makes it possible to make the receiving antenna and its associated amplifier circuits sensitive to the presence of particular magnetic material elements, when these elements are excited by the emission field. A wide variety of such "markers" incorporating various types of magnetic materials are used.
- A computing unit, usually electronic, controls the emission current, shapes the reception signals and evaluates a diagnosis of presence or absence of "marker"; it also provides links between systems and external devices.
La demande de Brevet US 4,274,090 décrit un système de surveillance à une seule antenne de réception et deux antennes d'émission ces dernières étant utilisées de manière alternée.US patent application 4,274,090 discloses a monitoring system to a single receiving antenna and two transmitting antennas in the last being used alternately.
Les systèmes de détection électromagnetiques actuels utilisent pratiquement tous un circuit d'émission accordé, c'est-à-dire que l'antenne d'émission est associée à des composants capacitifs, inductifs et résistifs qui créent une surtension pour la ou les fréquences caractéristiques de chaque système. Les circuits d'émission accordés sont utiles, pour augmenter le courant dans les antennes d'émission sans utiliser d'amplificateur de puissance de taille trop importante.Current electromagnetic detection systems use practically all of them a broadcast circuit, that is to say that the antenna emission is associated with capacitive, inductive and resistive create an overvoltage for the characteristic frequency or frequencies of each system. The transmitted transmission circuits are useful, to increase the current in the transmit antennas without using a power amplifier too big.
Par contre, comme dans tout circuit accordé présentant un facteur de surtension important, il faut ici un temps relativement long pour modifier l'amplitude ou la phase du courant alternatif circulant dans les antennes. De plus, si on souhaite modifier la fréquence d'émission il faut prévoir de modifier l'accord du circuit accordé, ce qui est coûteux car il s'agit d'un circuit de puissance dans lequel circulent des courants importants et qui utilise des composants coûteux et volumineux ; cette fonction est absolument indispensable dans de nombreux systèmes car il faut pouvoir synchroniser plusieurs dispositifs exactement sur la même fréquence afin qu'ils ne se perturbent pas les uns les autres lorsqu'ils sont placés dans un même environnement. La modification de la phase du courant permet, quant à elle, de modifier les directions préférentielles des champs électromagnétiques émis et ainsi de détecter des "marqueurs" dont la direction de sensibilité maximale est variable.On the other hand, as in any granted circuit having a factor important surge, it takes here a relatively long time to modify the amplitude or phase of the alternating current flowing in the antennas. Of moreover, if one wishes to modify the frequency of emission it is necessary to envisage to modify accord of the tuned circuit, which is expensive because it is a circuit of power in which large currents flow and uses expensive and bulky components; this function is absolutely essential in many systems because you have to be able to synchronize several devices exactly on the same frequency so they do not get do not disturb each other when placed in the same environment. The modification of the current phase makes it possible to modify the preferential directions of emitted electromagnetic fields and thus to detect "markers" whose direction of maximum sensitivity is variable.
La présente invention vise à éliminer l'ensemble de ces inconvénients, et elle a donc pour but de simplifier fortement la partie "émission" pour les systèmes de détection électromagnétiques du genre ici concerné, en procurant ainsi une importante économie de coût, tout en donnant la possibilité de mettre en oeuvre très facilement, et sans dispositif annexe coûteux, des fonctions qui sont souhaitées comme la possibilité de piloter instantanément les fréquences, les amplitudes et les phases des courants circulant dans plusieurs éléments d'antenne, ceci en proposant un pilotage direct de l'antenne d'émission, sans élément d'accord entre l'amplificateur de puissance et l'antenne.The present invention aims to eliminate all of these disadvantages, and it is therefore intended to greatly simplify the "emission" for electromagnetic detection systems of the kind here concerned, thereby providing a significant cost saving, while giving the possibility of implementing very easily, and without any device expensive annex, functions that are desired as the possibility of instantly control the frequencies, amplitudes and phases of currents flowing in several antenna elements, this by proposing a direct control of the transmitting antenna, without an element of agreement between the power amplifier and the antenna.
A cet effet, l'invention a essentiellement pour objet un dispositif pour le pilotage des antennes d'émission des systèmes de détection électromagnétiques, dans un système de détection à émission continue comprenant au moins une antenne d'émission et au moins une antenne de réception, la ou chaque antenne d'émission étant alimentée par un amplificateur de puissance électronique, et la ou chaque antenne de réception étant raccordée à un circuit de compensation, le dispositif se composant principalement, et en combinaison :
- d'au moins un élément d'antenne d'émission proprement dit, non accordé en fréquence,
- d'au moins un amplificateur de puissance simplifié, fonctionnant en "tout ou rien", du genre "pont en H" ou "demi-pont" ou "quart de pont", le ou chaque élément d'antenne d'émission étant couplé directement à cet amplificateur de puissance, et
- d'au moins un circuit électronique d'alimentation, dont la sortie est connectée à l'amplificateur de puissance.
- at least one transmit antenna element proper, not tuned in frequency,
- at least one simplified power amplifier, operating in "all or nothing", of the "H-bridge" or "half-bridge" or "quarter-bridge" type, the or each transmitting antenna element being coupled directly to this power amplifier, and
- at least one electronic supply circuit, the output of which is connected to the power amplifier.
Ainsi, l'idée à la base de l'invention consiste à coupler directement l'antenne d'émission à son amplificateur de puissance, sans composants d'adaptation tels que transformateurs, inductances ou condensateurs, l'amplificateur étant préférentiellement du type dit "pont en H", mais pouvant aussi utiliser la topologie dite "demi-pont", voire "quart de pont", comme précisé ci-après. Dans tous les cas, il s'agit d'un amplicateur simplifié, fonctionnant en "tout ou rien", commandé directement par des signaux de type numérique, c'est-à-dire possédant un niveau "zéro" ou un niveau "un".Thus, the idea underlying the invention is to couple directly the transmitting antenna to its power amplifier, without components adapters such as transformers, inductors or capacitors, the amplifier being preferentially of the so-called "H-bridge" type, but also use the so-called "half-bridge" or "quarter-bridge" topology, as specified below. In all cases, it is a simplified amplifier, operating in "all or nothing", directly controlled by digital type signals, that is, having a "zero" level or a "one" level.
Le couplage direct entre l'antenne d'émission et l'amplificateur permet de faire varier rapidement la fréquence du champ électromagnétique émis par l'antenne, et de faire aussi varier rapidement la phase du champ électromagnétique émis par cette antenne.Direct coupling between the transmitting antenna and the amplifier allows the frequency of the electromagnetic field to be varied quickly transmitted by the antenna, and also to rapidly vary the phase of the field electromagnetic emitted by this antenna.
Dans la mesure où l'antenne d'émission et l'amplificateur sont alimentés par un circuit d'alimentation électronique du type "correcteur de facteur de puissance", il est aussi possible de faire varier rapidement l'amplitude du champ électromagnétique émis par l'antenne, par variation de la tension électrique fournie à l'amplificateur de puissance par un tel circuit d'alimentation.Since the transmitting antenna and the amplifier are powered by an electronic power supply circuit of the type "corrector of power factor ", it is also possible to vary quickly the amplitude of the electromagnetic field emitted by the antenna, by variation of voltage supplied to the power amplifier by such a circuit Power.
Ces fonctionnalités prennent ici toute leur efficacité, du fait que l'antenne n'est pas accordée, et elles permettent d'améliorer considérablement la fiabilité et la sensibilité de la détection.These functionalities take all their effectiveness here, because the antenna is not granted, and they make it possible to improve considerably the reliability and sensitivity of the detection.
Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention, le ou chaque amplificateur d'émission est un amplificateur du genre "pont en H", à quatre branches comprenant chacune un élément de commutation actif et un élément de récupération passif, montés en parallèle, les quatre branches étant reliées à des alimentations, et leurs éléments de commutation étant aussi reliés, par l'intermédiaire d'étages de commande, à un étage électronique de mise en forme des signaux de commande.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the or each transmitter amplifier is an amplifier of the type "H bridge", four branches each comprising an active switching element and an element passive recovery, connected in parallel, the four branches being connected to power supplies, and their switching elements also being connected, by via control stages, to an electronic stage of implementation forms control signals.
Dans une autre forme de réalisation avantageuse de l'invention, le ou chaque amplificateur d'émission est un amplificateur du genre "demi-pont en H", à quatre branches dont deux comprennent un élément de commutation actif et un élément de récupération passif, montés en parallèle, tandis que les deux autres banches sont réalisées par au moins un condensaeur et/ou au moins une alimentation, les éléments de commutation des deux premières banches éant reliés, par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un étage de commande, à un étage électronique de mise en forme des signaux de commande.In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the or each transmission amplifier is an amplifier of the "half-bridge" type in H ", with four branches, two of which comprise a switching element active and a passive recovery element, connected in parallel, while the two other panels are made by at least one condenser and / or least one power supply, the switching elements of the first two connected panels, via at least one control stage, to an electronic stage for shaping the control signals.
Dans une troisième forme de réalisation, le ou chaque amplificateur d'émission est un amplificateur du genre "quart de pont en H", à quatre branches dont une seule comprend un élément de commutation actif et un élément de récupération passif, montés en parallèle, tandis que les autres branches sont réalisées par au moins un condensateur et/ou par au moins une alimentation, l'élément de commutation de la première branche étant relié, par l'intermédiaire d'un étage de commande, à un étage électronique de mise en forme des signaux de commande. Toutefois, dans cette dernière forme de réalisation, les performances de l'amplificateur sont dégradées, car l'unique élément actif ne peut piloter le courant dans l'antenne d'émission que dans un seul sens.In a third embodiment, the or each amplifier Is an amplifier of the type "quarter bridge H", four branches only one of which includes an active switching element and a passive recovery element, mounted in parallel, while the others branches are made by at least one capacitor and / or at least one power supply, the switching element of the first branch being connected by through a control stage, to an electronic stage of implementation forms control signals. However, in this latter form of performance, the performance of the amplifier is degraded because the unique active element can only control the current in the transmitting antenna in a only sense.
Il est aussi à noter que les condensateurs utilisés dans les branches passives des ponts en H, pour les réalisations "demi-pont" ou "quart de pont", ont pour rôle de fournir des points de retour du courant de l'antenne d'émission, avec des tensions électriques adaptées ; ces condensateurs ont, en général, une capacité de grande valeur et ils ne sont pas utilisés ici pour accorder le circuit qu'ils composent avec l'inductance de l'élément d'antenne associé.It should also be noted that capacitors used in passive branches of the H-bridges for "half-bridge" or "quarter" "bridge", have the role of providing points of return of the current of the antenna emission, with adapted electrical voltages; these capacitors have, in general, a great value and they are not used here for tune the circuit they make up with the inductance of the antenna element associated.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, le ou chaque amplificateur de puissance est prévu pour faire circuler, dans l'élément d'antenne d'émission directement couplé à cet amplificateur, un courant essentiellement de forme "triangulaire", la tension dans le même élément d'antenne d'émission possédant l'allure d'un signal "carré". A cet effet, les amplificateurs d'émission sont eux-mêmes pilotés avantageusement par des signaux d'entrée "carrés" et d'amplitude maximale, ce qui permet de simplifier à l'extrême leur conception, de diminuer le nombre des composants et de réduire la dissipation thermique, ainsi que la surface des dissipateurs thermiques utilisés pour évacuer la chaleur produite.According to another aspect of the invention, the or each amplifier of power is provided to circulate in the transmitting antenna element directly coupled to this amplifier, a current essentially of form "triangular", the voltage in the same transmitting antenna element having the appearance of a "square" signal. For this purpose, the transmit amplifiers are themselves driven advantageously by "square" input signals and maximum amplitude, which makes it possible to simplify to the extreme their design, reduce the number of components and reduce heat dissipation, as well as the surface of the heat sinks used to evacuate the heat produced.
En fonction des variations du signal "carré" de pilotage des amplificateurs, le courant circulant dans le ou chaque élément d'antenne d'émission, donc le champ électromagnétique émis par cet élément d'antenne, peut être modulé en fréquence et/ou en phase et/ou en amplitude, ceci selon toute loi de variation désirée par exemple sinusoïdale, triangulaire, carrée ou aléatoire. On notera que l'augmentation de la fréquence d'émission permet de réduire l'amplitude du champ électromagnétique émis, lorsqu'il n'est pas souhaitable ou pas possible de diminuer la tension électrique fournie par l'alimentation à l'amplificateur.Depending on the variations of the "square" signal of piloting amplifiers, the current flowing in the or each antenna element of emission, therefore the electromagnetic field emitted by this antenna element, can be modulated in frequency and / or in phase and / or in amplitude, this according to any law of variation desired for example sinusoidal, triangular, square or random. It should be noted that increasing the transmission frequency makes it possible to reduce the amplitude of the emitted electromagnetic field, when it is not desirable or not possible to reduce the voltage supplied by the power supply to the amplifier.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le ou chaque circuit de compensation, recevant le signal issu d'un élément d'antenne de réception, comprend un circuit d'adaptation et d'amplification, des condensateurs, des inducteurs et des commutateurs, agencés pour affaiblir les signaux transitoires créés dans l'élément d'antenne de réception, notamment lors des inversions de tension au moment où l'amplificateur est commuté, et également lors des inversions de courant dans l'antenne, pour compenser les effets du passage du courant dans l'amplificateur, qui se fait alternativement dans le ou les éléments de commutation actifs et dans le ou les éléments de récupération passifs. Les composants utilisés pour réaliser la fonction de compensation peuvent également réaliser la fonction d'équilibrage entre plusieurs éléments d'antenne de réception, afin d'atténuer les signaux créés dans l'antenne de réception par la proximité de l'antenne d'émission et de matériaux magnétiques. La solution d'un circuit de compensation, intercalé dans la voie de réception, est plus efficace et moins coûteuse que des adaptateurs réalisés sur l'amplificateur d'émission, par exemple en multipliant les éléments de commutation actifs ou en utilisant des alimentations de polarisation complémentaires pour les éléments de commutation actifs et les éléments de récupération passifs.According to another characteristic of the invention, the or each circuit compensation, receiving the signal from a receiving antenna element, includes an adaptation and amplification circuit, capacitors, inductors and switches, arranged to weaken transient signals created in the receiving antenna element, in particular during reversals of voltage at the moment the amplifier is switched, and also during current reversals in the antenna, to compensate for the effects of the passage of the current in the amplifier, which is alternately in the element or elements switching devices and in the passive recovery element or elements. The components used to perform the compensation function can also perform the balancing function between several antenna elements reception, in order to attenuate the signals created in the reception antenna by the proximity of the transmitting antenna and magnetic materials. The solution of a compensation circuit, inserted in the reception channel, is more efficient and less expensive than adapters made on the amplifier for example by multiplying the active switching elements or using complementary polarization supplies for the active switching elements and passive recovery elements.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit,
en référence au dessin schématique annexé représentant, à titres d'exemples,
quelques formes d'exécution de ce dispositif pour le pilotage des antennes
d'émissions des systèmes de détection électromagnétiques :
La figure 1 montre une antenne typique d'un système de détection
électromagnétique d'objets volés, l'antenne désignée globalement par le repère
2 comprenant un ensemble mécanique 3, supportant les bobinages des
antennes d'émission et de réception. Les antennes d'émission comprennent ici
deux éléments d'antenne d'émission 4, tandis que les antennes de réception
comprennent deux éléments d'antenne de réception 5. Les deux éléments
d'antenne d'émission 4, de même que les deux éléments d'antenne de
réception 5, forment deux branches équilibrées, par exemple de forme
triangulaire, qui se compensent l'une l'autre.Figure 1 shows a typical antenna of a detection system
electromagnetic action of stolen objects, the antenna generally designated by the reference
2 comprising a mechanical assembly 3, supporting the coils of the
transmit and receive antennas. The transmit antennas here include
two transmit antenna elements 4, while the receiving antennas
comprise two receiving
Pour chacun des deux éléments d'antenne d'émission 4, il est
prévu un amplificateur, soit dans l'exemple illustré deux amplificateurs 6. La
sortie de chaque amplificateur 6 est connectée électriquement à l'élément
d'antenne d'émission 4 correspondant.For each of the two transmitting antenna elements 4, it is
provided an amplifier, in the example shown two
Le système posséde une alimentation électrique générale 7, à
partir du réseau de distribution électrique en courant alternatif, ou de toute
autre source d'énergie électrique, telle que piles, batteries ou cellules solaires.
L'alimentation générale 7 dessert deux alimentations électriques particulières
8, associées respectivement aux deux amplificateurs d'émission 6. La sortie de
chaque alimentation particulière 8 est connectée à l'amplificateur d'émission 6
correspondant.The system has a
A chaque élément d'antenne de réception 5 est associé un circuit
de compensation 9.Each
Le système comprend encore une unité électronique de traitement 10, qui réalise les fonctions suivantes (en liaison avec les autres composants) :
- L'unité 10 envoie des signaux de commande aux amplificateurs 6. Après amplification, ces signaux définissent la forme temporelle du signal émis par les éléments d'antenne d'émission 4.
- L'unité 10 envoie des signaux de pilotage aux alimentations 8, pour commander leur tension de sortie qui alimente les amplificateurs 6 et définit l'amplitude des courants circulant dans les éléments d'antenne d'émission 4, donc l'intensité des champs électromagnétiques émis par ces éléments d'antenne 4.
- L'unité 10 pilote les circuits de
compensation 9 connectés aux éléments d'antenne de réception 5, et reçoit les signaux compensés issus de ces circuits 10, signaux sur lesquels elle effectue les traitements permettant d'élaborer la décision de détection de la présence de "marqueurs" dans le champ de l'antenne 2. - Enfin, l'unité 10 possède (comme symbolisé par des flèches sur la droite de la figure 1) des interfaces pour émettre ou recevoir des informations des systèmes périphériques.
- The unit 10 sends control signals to the
amplifiers 6. After amplification, these signals define the temporal form of the signal emitted by the transmitting antenna elements 4. - The unit 10 sends control signals to the power supplies 8, to control their output voltage which supplies the
amplifiers 6 and defines the amplitude of the currents flowing in the transmission antenna elements 4, thus the intensity of the electromagnetic fields. emitted by these antenna elements 4. - The unit 10 drives the
compensation circuits 9 connected to the receivingantenna elements 5, and receives the compensated signals from these circuits 10, signals on which it carries out the processing operations making it possible to draw up the decision to detect the presence of "markers" in the field of antenna 2. - Finally, the unit 10 has (as symbolized by arrows on the right of FIG. 1) interfaces for transmitting or receiving information from the peripheral systems.
La figure 2 représente, dans le détail, un amplificateur 6 associé à
un élément d'antenne d'émission 4, l'amplificateur 6 étant du genre "pont en H".FIG. 2 represents, in detail, an
Chacune des quatre branches d'un tel "pont en H" comprend un
élément de commutation actif 11 et un élément de récupértation passif 12,
montés en parallèle, les flèches indiquant le sens de passage du courant dans
ces éléments 11 et 12. L'élément de commutation actif 11 est par exemple un
transistor bipolaire ou à effet de champ, un thyristor ou un transistor IGBT.
L'élément de récupération passif 12 est par exemple une diode.Each of the four branches of such an "H-bridge" includes a
Des alimentations 13 fournissent, aux éléments de commutation
actifs 11, la puissance nécessaire pour la tension adéquate. Ces alimentations
13 absorbent aussi les courants aiguillés par les éléments de récupération
passifs 12.Power supplies 13 provide, to the switching elements
active 11, the power needed for the proper voltage. These power supplies
13 also absorb currents routed by
Des étages de commande électroniques 14 assurent la commande
des éléments de commutation actifs 11, chaque étage 14 étant associé à une
paire d'éléments de commutation 11. L'étage de commande 14 rend
conducteur un élément de commutation 11 de la paire concernée, en même
temps qu'il rend l'autre élément de commutation 11 isolé, ceci alternativement
pour un élément 11 (tel que celui du haut) et l'autre élément 11 (tel que celui du
bas). Cet étage de commande 14 peut être réalisé avec des composants
électroniques discrets, ou avec des circuits intégrés spécialisés.Electronic control stages 14 provide control
Enfin, l'amplificateur 6 du genre "pont en H" comporte un étage
électronique 15 de mise en forme des signaux de commande. L'étage 15 reçoit
les signaux en provenance de l'unité de traitement 10 (figure 1), et il les adapte
pour qu'ils soient utilisables par les étages de commande 14.Finally, the
L'amplificateur 6 du genre "pont en H", constitué comme il vient
d'être décrit, est couplé directement à l'élément d'antenne d'émission 4
associé.The
La figure 3, sur laquelle les éléments correspondant à ceux de la
figure 2 sont désignés par les mêmes repères, montre une autre forme de
réalisation de l'amplificateur 6 associé à un élément d'antenne d'émission 4. Il
s'agit ici d'un amplificateur du genre "demi-pont", encore couplé directement à
l'élément d'antenne d'émission 4. Deux branches du pont en H de la figure 2,
précédemment décrit, sont ici remplacées par un ou plusieurs condensateurs
16, utilisables seuls ou en association avec une ou plusieurs alimentations
complémentaires, telles que celle indiquée en 17.Figure 3, on which the elements corresponding to those of the
Figure 2 are designated by the same benchmarks, shows another form of
realization of the
En cours de fonctionnement de l'antenne 2, compte tenu du mode
de fonctionnement du "pont en H" complet ou du "demi-pont", selon le cas,
constituant l'amplificateur d'émission 6, le courant I dans l'élément d'antenne
d'émission 4 possède, en fonction du temps t, l'allure illustrée dans la partie
inférieure de la figure 4. Le courant I est ici, fondamentalement, de forme
"triangulaire". Quant à la tension V dans le même élément d'antenne
d'émission 4, celle-ci possède l'allure d'un signal "carré", comme illustré dans la
partie supérieure de la figure 4, ceci supposant que l'amplificateur d'émission 6
est piloté sur son entrée par un signal lui-même "carré". Comme l'illustre aussi
la figure 4, ce signal "carré" peut être modulé en fréquence. During operation of antenna 2, taking into account the mode
of operation of the complete "H-bridge" or "half-bridge", as the case may be,
constituting the
On notera aussi que la version à "pont en H" complet (figure 2) de
l'amplificateur d'émission 6 est, par exemple, bien adaptée à un dispositif
alimenté par un réseau alternatif en 110 volts, alors que la version à "demi-pont"
(figure 3) est avantageuse dans le cas d'un réseau alternatif en 220 volts
; en effet, le "demi-pont" fournit à l'élément d'antenne d'émission 4 une tension
alternative dont le valeur est égale à la moitié de celle que fournit le "pont en H"
complet.Note also that the complete "H-bridge" version (Figure 2) of
the
Enfin, la figure 5 représente le circuit de compensation 9, associé à
un élément d'antenne de réception 5. Le circuit de compensation 9 comprend
ûn circuit d'adaptation d'impédance et d'amplification 18, des condensateurs
19, 20 et 21, des inductances 22, 23, 24 et 25, et des commutateurs 26 et 27,
ces derniers étant commandés par l'unité électronique de traitement 10 (figure
1), en synchronisme avec les tensions V et les courants I (figure 4) des
éléments d'antenne d'émission 4. Le circuit de compensation 9, ainsi constitué,
assure la mise en forme des signaux de réception R, notamment pour diminuer
le phénomène de perturbation de l'allure globalement "triangulaire" du courant
I par un petit échelon de tension aux instants où le sens de ce courant
s'inverse, le "pont en H" passant alors d'un fonctionnement piloté par les
éléments de commutation 11 à un fonctionnement piloté par les éléments de
récupération 12 (figures 2 et 3). Le circuit de compensation 9 assure ainsi un
filtrage qui supprime les transitoires apparaissant sur le signal de réception,
principalement lors des inversions de sens du courant I. Le circuit de
compensation 9 intervient aussi lors des inversions du sens de variation du
courant I, c'est-à-dire aux passages par les maxima et minima du "triangle"
(figure 4). Enfin, le circuit de compensation 9 réalise un équilibrage pour
compenser des déséquilibres résiduels dans le signal de réception R, entre les
alternances positives et négatives ; ces déséquilibres possédant une origine
interne, du fait des tolérances de construction du système, et aussi une origine
extrême, par exemple du fait de dissymétries d'impédance électromagnétique
de l'environnement plysique de l'antenne 2.Finally, FIG. 5 represents the
Le système de détection électromagnétique, précédemment décrit, est applicable non seulement à la détection d'objets volés, mais aussi à la détection d'autres objets et, plus généralement, à toutes détections basées sur de petites variations à l'intérieur d'un champ électromagnétique intense.The electromagnetic detection system, previously described, is applicable not only to the detection of stolen objects, but also to the detection of other objects and, more generally, any detections based on small variations inside an intense electromagnetic field.
Une application particulière de l'invention est la détection de la présence d'un matériau susceptible d'être en vibration plus ou moins bruyante lorsqu'il est soumis au champ électromagnétique émis par le système, ce qui est le cas, par exemple, pour les matériaux magnétostrictifs. On utilise alors l'augmentation de la fréquence d'émission, pour placer cette fréquence dans le domaine inaudible, c'est-à-dire typiquement au-dessus de 20 kHz, afin de limiter une possible gêne acoustique. La présence de matériaux susceptibles d'entrer ainsi en vibration peut être détectée automatiquement, par exemple au moyen d'un microphone sensible au bruit acoustique généré par le matériau en question ; en cas de détection, le système passe alors automatiquement dans un mode d'émission à fréquence élevée. Pour le reste, le système peut être le même que celui utilisé pour détecter les marqueurs en vue de la détection d'objets volés, l'unité électronique de traitement utilisant cependant un logiciel spécifique pour cette fonction additionnelle.A particular application of the invention is the detection of presence of a material likely to be more or less noisy when subjected to the electromagnetic field emitted by the system, which is the case, for example, for magnetostrictive materials. We then use the increase of the frequency of emission, to place this frequency in the inaudible range, that is to say, typically above 20 kHz, in order to to limit a possible acoustic nuisance. The presence of likely materials thus to enter vibration can be detected automatically, for example at means of a microphone sensitive to acoustic noise generated by the material in question; in case of detection, the system automatically switches to a high frequency transmission mode. For the rest, the system can be the same as that used to detect markers for detection stolen objects, the electronic processing unit using software specific for this additional function.
L'on ne s'éloignerait pas du cadre de l'invention, telle que définie dans les revendications annexées :
- en utilisant, dans une variante, un amplificateur d'émission du genre dit "quart de pont", qui utilise seulement un élément de commutation actif et un élément de récupération passif, dans une branche, toutes les autres branches du pont étant constituées par des condensateurs ou des alimentations ;
- en modifiant les détails des circuits électroniques ;
- en modifiant la forme, la disposition et le nombre des éléments d'antenne d'émission et des éléments d'antenne de réception ;
- en pilotant le dispositif selon tout mode souhaité, notamment en faisant varier la fréquence, ou la phase, ou l'amplitude du champ électromagnétique émis par les éléments d'antenne, ceci selon toute loi de variation, en modifiant ou en adaptant la forme triangulaire du courant qui parcourt le ou les éléments d'antenne d'émission ;
- dans le cas d'un système comprenant deux ou plusieurs éléments d'antenne d'émission, couplés chacun directement à un amplificateur, en pilotant chaque amplificateur d'émission par un signal différent des autres, l'ensemble permettant ainsi de créer une configuration spatiale particulière du champ électromagnétique émis, et de faire varier rapidement cette configuration spatiale.
- using, in a variant, a so-called "bridge quarter" transmission amplifier, which uses only one active switching element and one passive recovery element, in one branch, all the other branches of the bridge being constituted by capacitors or power supplies;
- by modifying the details of the electronic circuits;
- modifying the shape, arrangement and number of transmitting antenna elements and receiving antenna elements;
- by controlling the device according to any desired mode, in particular by varying the frequency, or the phase, or the amplitude of the electromagnetic field emitted by the antenna elements, this according to any law of variation, by modifying or adapting the triangular shape current flowing through the transmitting antenna element (s);
- in the case of a system comprising two or more transmission antenna elements, each coupled directly to an amplifier, by controlling each transmission amplifier by a different signal from the others, the assembly thus making it possible to create a spatial configuration particular of the emitted electromagnetic field, and to quickly vary this spatial configuration.
Claims (7)
- A device for driving the transmission antennas of electromagnetic detection systems, in a continuous-transmission detection system comprising at least one transmission antenna and at least one reception antenna, the or each transmission antenna being fed by an electronic power amplifier, and the or each reception antenna being linked up to a compensation circuit, characterized in that it is composed, in combination:of at least one transmission antenna element (4) proper, not frequency-tuned,of at least one simplified power amplifier (6), operating in "on or off" mode, of the "H-bridge" or "half-bridge" or "quarter-bridge" kind, the or each transmission antenna element (4) being coupled directly to this power amplifier (6), andof at least one electronic feed circuit (9), whose output is connected to the power amplifier (6).
- The device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the or each transmission amplifier (6) is an amplifier of the "H-bridge" kind, with four branches each comprising an active switching element (11) and a passive recovery element (12), mounted in parallel, with four branches being linked to power feeds (13), and their switching elements (11) also being linked, by way of control stages (14), to an electronic stage (15) for shaping control signals.
- The device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the or each transmission amplifier (6) is an amplifier of the "half-H-bridge" kind, with four branches, two of which comprise an active switching element (11) and a passive recovery element (12), mounted in parallel, while the other two branches are made with at least one capacitor (16) and/or with at least one power feed (13, 17), the switching elements (11) of the first two branches being linked, by way of at least one control stage (14), to an electronic stage (15) for shaping the control signals.
- The device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the or each transmission amplifier is an amplifier of the "quarter-H-bridge" kind, with four branches, only one of which comprises an active switching element (11) and a passive recovery element (12), mounted in parallel, while the other branches are made with at least one capacitor and/or with at least one power feed, the switching element (11) of the first branch being linked, by way of a control stage, to an electronic stage for shaping the control signals.
- The device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the or each power amplifier (6) is provided so as to cause the circulation, in the transmission antenna element (4) directly coupled to this amplifier (6), of a current (I) of essentially "triangular" shape, the voltage (V) in the same transmission antenna element (4) possessing the form of a "square" signal.
- The device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the current (I) circulating in the or each transmission antenna element (4), hence the electromagnetic field emitted by this antenna element (4), is frequency-modulated and/or phase-modulated and/or amplitude-modulated.
- The device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the or each compensation circuit (9), receiving the signal (R) emanating from a reception antenna element (5), comprises a matching and amplifying circuit (18), capacitors (19, 20, 21), inductors (22, 23, 24, 25) and switches (26, 27), that are designed to weaken the transient signals created in the reception antenna element (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0116766 | 2001-12-21 | ||
FR0116766A FR2834132B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2001-12-21 | DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING EMISSION ANTENNAS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC DETECTION SYSTEMS |
PCT/FR2002/004400 WO2003055005A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-17 | Device for monitoring transmission antennae of electromagnetic detection systems |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1456905A1 EP1456905A1 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
EP1456905B1 true EP1456905B1 (en) | 2005-07-27 |
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EP02805395A Expired - Lifetime EP1456905B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-17 | Device for monitoring transmission antennae of electromagnetic detection systems |
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US (2) | US20050095983A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1456905B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4095964B2 (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2470160A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60205277T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2247426T3 (en) |
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FR2910749B1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2010-12-17 | Valeo Securite Habitacle | SIGNAL TRANSMITTING-RECEIVING DEVICE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE |
DE102007043124B4 (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2016-03-31 | Denso Corporation | Apparatus and method for radio wave transmission |
EP3235267B1 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2018-08-08 | Widex A/S | A hearing aid |
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US4274090A (en) * | 1980-02-19 | 1981-06-16 | Knogo Corporation | Detection of articles in adjacent passageways |
CN2050632U (en) * | 1987-10-23 | 1990-01-03 | 张刚 | Double route fully automatic sensitive anti-theft instrument |
FR2624671B1 (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1990-12-14 | Merlin Gerin | DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A STATIC SWITCH |
US4963880A (en) * | 1988-05-03 | 1990-10-16 | Identitech | Coplanar single-coil dual function transmit and receive antenna for proximate surveillance system |
US4949050A (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1990-08-14 | Harris Corporation | RF power amplifier system having amplifier protection |
FR2705844B1 (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1995-07-21 | Thomson Csf | Method and device for amplitude modulation of a radiofrequency signal. |
US5748891A (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 1998-05-05 | Aether Wire & Location | Spread spectrum localizers |
EP0798681A1 (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-10-01 | Sensormatic Electronics Corporation | Pulsed interrogation signal in harmonic EAS system |
US5844130A (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 1998-12-01 | Ssi Technologies | Apparatus for maintaining a constant radial distance between a transmitting circuit and an antenna coil |
US6204729B1 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2001-03-20 | Nikon Research Corporation Of America | H-bridge power amplifier for a motor |
US6366474B1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-02 | Jeff Gucyski | Switching power supplies incorporating power factor correction and/or switching at resonant transition |
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2001
- 2001-12-21 FR FR0116766A patent/FR2834132B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2002
- 2002-12-17 IL IL16245302A patent/IL162453A0/en unknown
- 2002-12-17 ES ES02805395T patent/ES2247426T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-17 PL PL02371772A patent/PL371772A1/en unknown
- 2002-12-17 DE DE60205277T patent/DE60205277T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-17 HU HU0402353A patent/HU226181B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-17 AT AT02805395T patent/ATE300792T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-17 RU RU2004122390/09A patent/RU2308130C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-17 AU AU2002364661A patent/AU2002364661A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-17 EP EP02805395A patent/EP1456905B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-17 CA CA002470160A patent/CA2470160A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-17 US US10/499,267 patent/US20050095983A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-17 CN CNB028256514A patent/CN100452101C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-17 MX MXPA04005842A patent/MXPA04005842A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-12-17 WO PCT/FR2002/004400 patent/WO2003055005A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-12-17 JP JP2003555619A patent/JP4095964B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-06-10 IL IL162453A patent/IL162453A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-06-14 ZA ZA200404712A patent/ZA200404712B/en unknown
-
2007
- 2007-11-07 US US11/936,371 patent/US20080119146A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2002364661A1 (en) | 2003-07-09 |
FR2834132A1 (en) | 2003-06-27 |
RU2004122390A (en) | 2006-01-20 |
ES2247426T3 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
IL162453A (en) | 2009-11-18 |
MXPA04005842A (en) | 2004-09-10 |
JP2005528673A (en) | 2005-09-22 |
CN1606816A (en) | 2005-04-13 |
CA2470160A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
CN100452101C (en) | 2009-01-14 |
JP4095964B2 (en) | 2008-06-04 |
PL371772A1 (en) | 2005-06-27 |
WO2003055005A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
US20080119146A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
RU2308130C2 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
IL162453A0 (en) | 2005-11-20 |
US20050095983A1 (en) | 2005-05-05 |
DE60205277D1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
FR2834132B1 (en) | 2005-03-18 |
HU226181B1 (en) | 2008-06-30 |
HUP0402353A2 (en) | 2005-02-28 |
ATE300792T1 (en) | 2005-08-15 |
EP1456905A1 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
DE60205277T2 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
ZA200404712B (en) | 2005-05-24 |
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