EP1454106A1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents
Heat exchangerInfo
- Publication number
- EP1454106A1 EP1454106A1 EP02803775A EP02803775A EP1454106A1 EP 1454106 A1 EP1454106 A1 EP 1454106A1 EP 02803775 A EP02803775 A EP 02803775A EP 02803775 A EP02803775 A EP 02803775A EP 1454106 A1 EP1454106 A1 EP 1454106A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- heat exchanger
- outlet
- fluid connections
- inlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
- F28D1/05391—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
- F28D1/0417—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with particular circuits for the same heat exchange medium, e.g. with the heat exchange medium flowing through sections having different heat exchange capacities or for heating/cooling the heat exchange medium at different temperatures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
- F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
- F28D1/0443—Combination of units extending one beside or one above the other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
- F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
- F01P3/18—Arrangements or mounting of liquid-to-air heat-exchangers
- F01P2003/182—Arrangements or mounting of liquid-to-air heat-exchangers with multiple heat-exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
- F01P3/18—Arrangements or mounting of liquid-to-air heat-exchangers
- F01P2003/185—Arrangements or mounting of liquid-to-air heat-exchangers arranged in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
- F01P3/18—Arrangements or mounting of liquid-to-air heat-exchangers
- F01P2003/187—Arrangements or mounting of liquid-to-air heat-exchangers arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F2009/0285—Other particular headers or end plates
- F28F2009/0287—Other particular headers or end plates having passages for different heat exchange media
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for use in a motor vehicle, and to a circuit with a heat exchanger.
- Heat exchangers are widely used in a motor vehicle, for example as coolers, heating elements, condensers or evaporators. In a modern vehicle you will find a variety of different heat exchangers, which are designed, for example, as coolers and different vehicle units, components or media in
- Cool vehicle units or components For example, a coolant cooler for cooling the drive motor, such as an internal combustion engine or electric motor, a transmission oil cooler, an exhaust gas cooler, a charge air cooler, a hydraulic oil cooler for various applications in a vehicle and / or further coolers is provided.
- a coolant cooler for cooling the drive motor such as an internal combustion engine or electric motor, a transmission oil cooler, an exhaust gas cooler, a charge air cooler, a hydraulic oil cooler for various applications in a vehicle and / or further coolers is provided.
- the arrangement of many heat exchangers in the vehicle requires an increased installation space and repeatedly leads to conflicts between the available installation space and the respective arrangement of the heat exchangers. This can lead to certain compromises with regard to the arrangement of the individual heat exchangers, which may be necessary thermodynamic ' view is not ideal.
- the individual arrangement of the respective heat exchangers also leads to an increased space requirement, since, due to existing manufacturing tolerances, more space must be made available than is possibly necessary.
- the object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger which is improved over the prior art.
- a heat exchanger in particular for motor vehicle cooling systems, is designed in such a way that it is provided with at least one fluid inlet and at least two fluid outlets, with an arrangement of fluid connections between inlet, collection, deflection and / or outlet chambers, the Fluid connections are divided into different areas and a first area of fluid connections is arranged between at least one inlet and a first outlet and a further area of fluid connections is arranged between the first outlet and a second outlet.
- a further third outlet is arranged and a further area of fluid connections is provided between the second outlet and the third outlet.
- a further n-th outlet is arranged and a further region of fluid connections is provided between the n-1-th outlet and the n-th outlet, n, preferably 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
- the input, collecting, deflecting and / or outlet chambers are preferably arranged in side boxes arranged laterally to the fluid connections, the side boxes being separable into different chambers by partition walls. It is advantageous if the partitions as vertical, horizontal or I-shaped, Z-shaped. C-shaped, T-shaped or composed of shaped walls are formed.
- the medium can advantageously be air.
- the medium can advantageously be a fluid or liquid medium.
- the fluid connections are tubes, such as preferably flat tubes or round tubes or oval tubes. It is also expedient if the tubes have a plurality of fluid channels which do not communicate with one another over the length of the tubes. Furthermore, it is expedient if the fluid connections or tubes have a plurality of fluid channels which communicate with one another over the length of the tubes. Furthermore, it can be expedient if the fluid connections or pipes are arranged in one row or in multiple rows next to one another per level of the fluid connections.
- a fluid circuit is created, with at least one heat exchanger with at least one inlet and at least two outlets, with at least two units that can be supplied with the heat exchanger by means of fluid lines and have a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, characterized in that between an outlet of the at least one heat exchanger and one inlet of at least one unit, a pump with inlet and outlet is arranged and at least one outlet of another unit can be connected to the inlet side of the pump. It is thereby advantageously achieved that the number of pumps used can be reduced and at the same time the fluid flow for cooling the further units can also be used for cooling the main unit, such as the engine of the vehicle. This further increases the efficiency of the cooling system. As a result, for example, the overall system can be modified and, if necessary, components and costs can be saved or made smaller.
- the drive motor, a transmission, a turbocharger, an injection pump, electronics, an exhaust system, hydraulic systems or other units can be regarded as heat sources as units of the vehicle. With such heat sources, it is often necessary to dissipate heat to the environment for cooling and temperature control.
- the further unit is connected with its inlet to an outlet of the heat exchanger. It is also expedient if a plurality of further units are connected in series and the fluid flows through them. It is also advantageous if a plurality of further units are connected in parallel and the fluid flows through them. It is particularly advantageous if the inlet of a further unit is connected to an outlet of the heat exchanger.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger
- 11 is a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger
- FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger
- FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger
- FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger
- FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger
- 16 is a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger
- FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger
- FIG. 18 is a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger
- FIG. 19 is a schematic illustration of a cooling circuit.
- FIG. 1 shows a heat exchanger, such as a cooler, a heater, a condenser or an evaporator.
- the heat exchanger is described below in a function as a coolant cooler without restricting generality.
- the heat exchanger 1 has a fluid inlet 2 and a fluid outlet 3, so that a fluid can flow between the inlet and the outlet through the heat exchanger.
- the inlet is connected to a collecting chamber 4 and the outlet is connected to a collecting chamber 5.
- the fluid flows from the inlet 2 into the first collecting chamber 4, an inlet-side collecting chamber. From the second collecting chamber 5, an outlet-side collecting chamber, the fluid flows into the outlet 3.
- the inlet-side collecting chamber 4 or the outlet-side collecting chamber is formed by a box-shaped element 6 or 7, such as a water box or fluid box, which is provided with a Wall, such as tube plates, 8 or 9 can be connected and is designed to be fluid-tight to the outside.
- Fluid connections 10 are provided between the collecting chambers 4 and 5, through which the fluid can flow from one collecting chamber 4 to the other collecting chamber.
- the fluid connection 10 essentially consists of a multiplicity of parallel tubes 11, through which the fluid can flow from one side to the other inside.
- These tubes can be flat tubes or round tubes or other connecting tubes.
- the inside of these tubes can also have different flow channels, which are formed separately from one another or are at least partially connected to one another at least in places.
- the tubes 11 are arranged such that free spaces are provided as air passage between them. Ribs 13 are preferably arranged in at least some of these free spaces 12 in order to form flow channels for the passage of air according to arrow 14 and to improve the heat exchange between the air passing through and the fluid. This increases the surface on the cooling air side as effectively as possible.
- the heat exchanger has the feature that the two involved
- Pipe trays and water boxes or fluid boxes form chambers which serve on the inlet side to distribute the coolant flow or fluid flow to the pipes and on the outlet side to bring the coolant flow out of the pipes.
- the connections 2, 3, such as sockets on the chambers, enable the connection of the heat exchanger to a fluid circuit, such as a coolant circuit.
- the cooler network is shown in FIG. 1 in a design preferably made of flat tubes and corrugated fins.
- the pipes can have the following designs: round pipe construction, oval pipe construction or package construction.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematically illustrated invention
- Heat exchanger 101 which works on the basis of a cross flow guide and / or cross counter flow guide.
- the cross-flow guide means that one fluid flow and the second fluid flow intersect.
- the cross-countercurrent flow means that the one fluid flow and the second fluid flow intersect, the second fluid flow being another
- the heat exchanger 101 has at least a first fluid inlet 102 and a first fluid outlet 103 and a second fluid outlet 103a so that a fluid can flow between the inlet 102 and the first and second outlet through the heat exchanger 101.
- the inlet 102 is connected to a collecting chamber 104
- the first outlet is connected to a collecting chamber 104a and the outlet is connected to a further collecting chamber 105.
- the fluid flows from the inlet 102 into the first plenum 104, an inlet-side plenum. From there, the fluid flows through the fluid connections 110 into a further collection chamber 104b, an intermediate chamber.
- the fluid is deflected in the intermediate chamber 104b and conducted through the fluid connections 1 10a against the flow direction in the fluid connections 110 to the collection chamber 104a. From the collection chamber 104a, a first part of the fluid flow is branched off through the one outlet 103 and discharged into a fluid circuit. Another portion of the fluid flow is directed to the collection chamber 105 through another portion of fluid connections 110b. That occurs there Fluid out of the heat exchanger and is fed to another fluid circuit or partial circuit.
- the heat exchanger with a first stage, which is represented by the components 102, 104, 110, 104b 110a and 104a and 103. It is a cross-counterflow heat exchanger. In this stage, in the case of the coolant cooler, the fluid is already cooled to a first temperature. In the second stage, which is represented by the parts 104a, 110b, 105 and 103a, a part of the fluid which has already been cooled in the first stage, for example, is cooled again, so that this part of the fluid is cooled more intensely.
- the tubes are arranged, for example, one behind the other in the upper first region 110, 110a, viewed in the direction of flow of the second medium, so that the tubes or fluid connections 110, 110a are each arranged in pairs and preferably on one level.
- Two or more individual pipes can be arranged one behind the other, or it can be a single pipe that has a plurality of fluid channels within its extension, which are connected accordingly, so that some of the channels represent the fluid connection 110 and some of the channels represent the fluid connection 110a represent and train.
- individual tubes can also be used, or a plurality of tubes can be used per level of the fluid connections, which tubes are connected in parallel with respect to the fluid flow.
- a single tube or a plurality of tubes can also be arranged as a fluid connection, these tubes at least partially or in each case again having individual fluid channels.
- the number of fluid connections 110, 110a belonging to the first area and the number of fluid connections belonging to the second area can be designed depending on the size of the volume flow of the partial volume flows and the corresponding target temperature of the fluid of the partial volume flows.
- the first area from inlet 102 to first outlet 103 is the section that has more fluid connections than the second section of fluid connections 110b. Depending on the target temperature and volume flow, this can also be selected differently.
- the division of the volume flows into the partial volume flows takes place, among other things, in the collecting chambers. These are separated from each other by means of walls in the outer boxes 120, 121 of the heat exchanger.
- the first outer box 120 is constructed in such a way that it has a first partition 130 between the collecting chambers 104 and 104a, which brings about a fluid-tight separation between these chambers.
- One chamber 104 is an inlet chamber which is delimited by the, for example, box-shaped outer wall of the outer box and by the wall 130. Furthermore, the chamber 104 is delimited by the wall 130, which has a first wall region 130b which is oriented perpendicular to the planes of the fluid connections 110, 110a, 110b and a second wall region which is essentially parallel to the respective planes of the fluid connections 110, 110a, 110b is aligned.
- the inside of the outer box 121 is separated into two regions 104b, 105 by the partition 140, the partition 140 being oriented essentially parallel to the respective levels of the fluid connections.
- the partition 140 is thus oriented horizontally, as shown in FIG. 2.
- the region 104b is an intermediate chamber or a deflection or distribution chamber, the chamber 104 as an inlet chamber, the chamber 105 as an outlet chamber and the chamber 104a both as an outlet chamber and as an intermediate, distribution or
- Deflection chamber serves.
- the outer or side boxes 120, 121 can preferably be made of metal or plastic, and in the case of the plastic variant the partitions 130, 140 can be formed as parts made in one piece with the box.
- the box as a whole can be manufactured as an injection molded part.
- the tubes 110, 110a, 110b are arranged in such a way that free spaces 112 are provided between them as air passages. Ribs 113 are preferably arranged in at least some of these free spaces 112 in order to form flow channels for the passage of air and to improve the heat exchange between the air passing through and the fluid. This increases the surface on the cooling air side as effectively as possible. With a medium other than air, others can
- Channels can be provided instead of an air passage.
- the heat exchanger has the feature that the two media involved, for example the cooling air and the fluid in the first upper region of the fluid connections 110, 110a, are guided in cross-counterflow. In the lower area of the fluid connections, the two media involved are arranged in a cross flow.
- Tube plates and water boxes or fluid boxes form chambers that are on the inlet side of the distribution of the coolant flow or fluid flow to the Pipes and on the outlet side serve to bring the coolant flow out of the pipes.
- the connections 102, 103, 103a such as connecting pieces on the chambers, enable the connection of the heat exchanger to a respective fluid circuit or partial fluid circuit, such as a coolant circuit.
- the cooler network is shown in a design preferably made of flat tubes and corrugated fins.
- the pipes can have the following designs: round pipe construction, oval pipe construction or package construction
- the presently described invention relates to fluid / fluid heat exchangers with cross and / or cross countercurrent flow, to which one or more fluid streams are fed at a high temperature level and from which two or more fluid streams cooled to different temperatures emerge.
- the heat exchanger preferably consists of a first single-row, two-row or multi-row tube-fin system with distribution and collection chambers, preferably at least part of the heat exchanger having at least one deflection in the depth with a cross-counterflow guide.
- a deflection in depth is to be understood as essentially a deflection in one plane of the pipes between fluid channels. This deflection from the fluid connections 110 to the fluid connections 110a takes place in the chamber 104b.
- Another part of the heat exchanger can also be flowed through only once or in countercurrent, ie without or with a deflection in the depth.
- a deflection in the width can also take place, the deflection in the width being defined such that the deflection is oriented essentially perpendicular to the levels of the fluid channels.
- a single-row arrangement of pipes can also be used, these pipes then preferably having at their core a separation of different fluid channels, which accordingly take over the function of the fluid connections shown in FIG. 2.
- the tube-fin system can be a system with flat, oval or round tubes or a system with other cross-sectional shapes.
- the system can be mechanically joined or soldered.
- the pipe-floor connection can be formed by mechanical forming, soldering,
- the tube-fin system and the distribution and collection chambers can be composed, for example, of the following materials, in particular aluminum, non-ferrous metal, steel or plastic.
- the heat exchanger is divided into two or more areas by partition walls in the collecting chambers, for example one area representing the cooler of a main coolant circuit and one or more other areas serving as low-temperature coolers or other coolers.
- the partitions in the boxes are straight, preferably horizontally or vertically arranged or aligned to form the chambers, but in other exemplary embodiments it can also be expedient if they are I-shaped, Z-shaped, T-shaped and / or U-shaped in section. shaped or have another compound shape.
- a fluid such as a coolant enters a heat exchanger with two or more rows of pipes 110, 110a only through a connecting piece 102, to be precise in the region which represents the cooler of the main coolant circuit.
- the heat exchanger has outlet connections 103, 103a, one for the area of the cooler of the main coolant circuit and one for each
- Low-temperature cooler area This is associated with cascading the fluid flow, such as the coolant flow, i.e. only a part of the fluid or coolant flow emerging from the respective cooler area is led out at each outlet connection, the rest represents the fluid or coolant entering the subsequent cooler area
- the low-temperature areas in an integrated heat exchanger are preferably arranged so that areas through which coolant of higher temperature flows are in the cooling air flow behind or next to areas through which coolant of lower temperature flows.
- the fluid cross sections on the fluid or coolant side in the areas are advantageously, if appropriate, corresponding to the cascading of the fluid flow or the coolant flow also graded.
- the grading of the size of the inlet cross-sections is to be chosen so that the flow rate of the coolant on the one hand does not decrease so much that the performance of the area is impaired and on the other hand does not increase so much that the pressure loss becomes excessive.
- the gradation of the size of the inlet cross-sections is preferably selected such that the inlet cross-section of the subsequent area of the heat exchanger or cooler area is between 1/5 and 1/2 of the outlet cross-section of the previous area of the heat exchanger or cooler area.
- the inlet cross section can also be only up to 1/10 of the outlet cross section of the preceding region or can be of the same size. It is also advantageous if the gradation of the size of the inlet cross sections is selected so that the flow velocity of the fluid or the coolant is approximately the same in all areas. In particular, it is advantageous if the flow rate of the coolant in a subsequent cooler area is between 0.8 times and 1.2 times the flow rate of the coolant in the previous cooler area.
- the flow of coolant through the areas of the cooler is selected such that all the connections can be arranged as simple connections arranged on the rear of the cooler.
- at least individual nozzles could be arranged as an inlet or outlet both on the rear of the cooler or on the side or optionally also on the front of the cooler.
- the rear of the radiator is defined so that it is the side that points towards the engine compartment when the radiator is installed in the vehicle.
- FIG. 3 again shows an exemplary embodiment of a heat exchanger 200 according to FIG. 2 in a schematic illustration.
- the fluid or also the coolant enters the first region 202 of the cooler through the inlet 201. From there, the fluid flows through the fluid connections 203 into the area 204.
- This area 204 is designed as a chamber and has a deflection in depth, that is to say essentially in the plane of the fluid connections.
- the fluid is directed from area 204 into fluid connections 205. From there, the fluid flows into the chamber 206.
- This chamber has a deflection in width on the one hand, since the fluid is directed to the lower region of the chamber and is discharged there partly through the outlet 207 and partly through the fluid lines 208 to be led.
- the area 208 represents a low-temperature area without a deflection in depth. From there, the fluid flows in the area 209 and then through the outlet 210.
- the outlet connection of the first cooler area can be located on the back of the cooler where the entry into the low-temperature area is be attached to the chamber.
- the flow is cascaded, ie part of the coolant exits after the first cooler area, the other part enters the subsequent low temperature area.
- FIG. 4 shows a heat exchanger in a schematic illustration, parts of the heat exchanger 300 from FIG. 4 not being described again insofar as they are already shown in FIG. 2 or 3.
- the heat exchanger 300 has a further outlet connector 301.
- This low-temperature area of the heat exchanger arises in area 302, area 304 representing a further low-temperature area.
- the heat exchanger has three respective areas 302, 304 and 306, each of which has an outlet 301, 303, 305 is assigned to only one inlet 310.
- Each of the three cooler areas is simply flowed through. From region 302 to region 304 there is a deflection in depth, preferably in chamber 311.
- the partition walls 312, 313 of the chambers are arranged horizontally at 312 and in section I-shaped with a long section at 313
- FIG. 5 shows a heat exchanger 350 in a schematic illustration, parts of the heat exchanger 350 from FIG. 5 not being described again insofar as they are already shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
- the heat exchanger 350 of FIG. 5 has in the first side box 360 a t-shaped intermediate wall 351, consisting of a horizontal wall 351 b and a vertical wall 351 a, which essentially stands on the horizontal wall.
- This design of the intermediate wall 351 divides the side box 360 into three areas 361, 362 and 363, two areas on either side of the wall 351 a and one below the wall 351 b.
- the heat exchanger 350 has a substantially z-shaped intermediate wall 392 in the second side box 390, consisting of a horizontal wall 392a, a vertical wall 392b and a further horizontal wall 392c. This design of the intermediate wall 392 divides the side box 390 into two areas 391 and 393.
- Area 361 communicates with inlet 370. Starting from the region 361, the fluid flows through the fluid connections of the
- the heat exchanger thus consists of a first cooler area and two further downstream coolers, with a deflection in depth, ie in the plane of the fluid connections, in the
- Area of the second cooler is present and this also has a deflection in width.
- the regions 380, 381, 382 and 383 of the fluid connections are arranged in such a way that the regions 381 and 382 are preferably arranged in the air flow direction in front of the region 230 and the region 383 is arranged below these regions.
- the heat exchanger 400 according to FIG. 6 represents a further embodiment, whereby, which differs from the variant according to FIG. 3 in that the low-temperature region with respect to the cooling air flow is partially in front of the first cooler region.
- the intermediate wall 402 of the side box 401 has a Z-shaped design, so that the fluid flow flows from the inlet 403 into the area 404.
- This area is formed in the upper area over the width of the side box and in the lower area has a restriction of the expansion due to the division by the vertical partition.
- the fluid connections of the central area are also divided into areas 410 and 411 by a z-shaped division.
- the fluid flows from the chamber 404 through the region 410 into the side box 430, is deflected there partly in depth and in width and partly flows out through the outlet 431 and into the region 411 and from there into the region of Side chamber 405 and from there through outlet 432.
- a part of the area 411 of the second cooler lies with its fluid connections in the direction of the air flow in front of a part of the cooler of the first area 410.
- the areas 410 and 411 have an I-shaped section.
- FIG. 7 shows an embodiment variant of a heat exchanger 450 which, in comparison to the heat exchanger of FIG. 6, has a horizontal intermediate wall 451 in one side box and a further outlet 452 in the region of the chamber 453.
- the fluid flow from region 460 is both deflected into region 461 and led into outlet 452.
- the fluid then flows from the area 461 into the chamber of the side box according to FIG. 6.
- a width deflection takes place starting from the area 461.
- the low-temperature range of the heat exchanger in FIG. 6 is thus divided into two low-temperature ranges by an additional partition and an additional connecting piece.
- the area 460 is I-shaped in section.
- FIG. 8 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a heat exchanger 500, the side boxes in comparison to FIG. 7 with respect to FIG. 8
- intermediate walls are interchanged, that is to say that in the first side box 501 an intermediate wall 502 is arranged in a horizontal orientation and the side box 501 is divided into two areas, such as chambers 503 and 504, which are essentially arranged one below the other.
- a z-shaped intermediate wall 521 is arranged in the second side box 520 and divides the side box 520 into two regions 530 and 531, which are essentially I-shaped in section.
- the area 503 is connected to the inlet 505 as an upper chamber. From there, the fluid flows through the fluid connection region 510, which is known as the Sectional cuboid arrangement of fluid connections is formed. From there, the fluid flows in a deflection in width and depth into the area 511, which is designed as an arrangement of fluid connections which is cuboid in section. The fluid also flows from the area 530 through the outlet 533. The fluid also flows through the area 511 and from there into the area of the chamber 504, where a deflection takes place in depth and possibly in width, with part of the fluid flows out of the chamber 504 through the outlet 534 and continues through the area 512, which is designed as an I-shaped arrangement of fluid connections in section. From there, the fluid flows into the chamber 531 and from there through the outlet 535.
- the heat exchanger in FIG. 8 represents a variant which differs from the heat exchanger in FIG Low temperature range is divided from the first cooler area.
- FIG. 9 shows an embodiment variant which differs from the heat exchanger of FIG. 8 in that the second low-temperature area is divided into two low-temperature areas by an additional horizontal partition 550 and an additional connecting piece 551.
- the heat exchangers of FIGS. 2 to 8 have a cascaded flow and a deflection in depth at least for a partial flow.
- FIG. 10 shows a section of a heat exchanger in the vertical direction, for example vertically to a plane of the fluid connections.
- the tube-rib system 600 of the fluid connections is in the central region at least in two rows with the fluid connection regions 601 and 602 trained. This is expedient for the arrangement of the individual areas of the cooler, at least a partial deflection in the depth being provided.
- the deflection can take place, for example, in the side boxes, which are not shown here.
- the deflection in depth is preferably carried out in cross-countercurrent.
- the integrated heat exchanger is divided into four areas 601, 602, 603 and 604, wherein each partial area can have one or more rows of pipes. Each section can be flowed through easily or have a deflection in width or depth.
- the partial area 603 could be omitted. It is also possible to combine the partial areas 603 and 601 and the partial areas 602 and 604 into one area each.
- the dimensions a, b and c transverse to the flow direction of the integrated heat exchanger can be varied within certain limits. The sum a + b + c corresponds to the overall dimension of the heat exchanger.
- the partial area 604 is expediently present and possibly without a deflection in depth.
- the flow of coolant through the areas of the cooler is selected such that the majority of the sockets can be arranged as simple sockets arranged on the rear of the cooler, while other sockets are arranged differently and, for example, on the side or on the front be led out of the distribution and collection chambers.
- FIGS. 11 to 14 Different variants of this design are shown in FIGS. 11 to 14.
- the heat exchanger 700 of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 11 essentially represents a variant which differs from the heat exchanger in accordance with FIG. 8 in that both low-temperature ranges 701 and 702 are of the same size and the second low-temperature range is therefore not only partially, but completely before the first Low temperature range.
- the wall 703 has an I-shaped design and divides the side box into two chambers or areas 704 and 705, the area 705 being at least partially in front of the area 704 in the air flow direction.
- An outlet 710 is connected to the area 705 and can be directed to the side or to the front.
- the heat exchanger 750 of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 12 essentially represents a further variant, which differs from the heat exchanger in accordance with FIG. 11 in that the main area 751 is larger than the main area 711 and one low-temperature area 752 is smaller than the low-temperature area 701. This is achieved in that the fluid connections are connected accordingly and the wall 753 is z-shaped in section.
- the main area 751 is thus partially, viewed in the air flow direction, next to or behind the area 754 and above the area 752.
- the two low-temperature areas 752 and 754 are of different sizes and the second low-temperature area 754 is partially in front of the main area 751 and before the low-temperature area 752 ,
- the heat exchanger 800 of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 13 essentially represents a further variant, which differs from the heat exchanger in accordance with FIG. 12 in that the one low temperature range 801 is larger than the low temperature range 752 and the low temperature range 802 is smaller than the low temperature range 754. This is achieved in that the fluid connections are connected accordingly and the wall 810 is c-shaped and is essentially formed from two horizontal walls with a vertical wall. The main area 804 is therefore partially viewed in the air flow direction behind the area 802 and above the
- the low-temperature area 802 lies above the area 801.
- the area 802 is thus arranged between the areas 801 and 804, the area 801 being in part directly adjacent to the area 804.
- the two low temperature ranges 801 and 802 are of different sizes.
- the heat exchanger 800 in FIG. 13 provides one
- the heat exchanger 850 of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 14 essentially represents a further variant, which differs from the heat exchanger according to FIG. 12 in that the one low-temperature region 754 is divided into two low-temperature regions 851, 852 by a further division, so that a total of three low-temperature regions 851, 852, 853 are present.
- the wall 860 is H-shaped and essentially consists of two horizontal walls with a vertical wall, the lower horizontal wall extending across the width of the side box and the upper horizontal Wall extends only over a portion of the width of the side box.
- the main area 854 is therefore partially in Air flow direction viewed behind area 851 and above areas 852 and 853.
- Low-temperature area 851 lies above area 852.
- Area 853 is arranged in front of area 852 in the air flow direction.
- FIG. 15 shows a section through a heat exchanger 880 in the vertical direction.
- the tube and fin system is at least partially at least in two rows, with an at least partial deflection in the depth being provided.
- the deflection in depth can be carried out in cross-counterflow.
- the integrated heat exchanger is subdivided into areas 881, 882, 883, 884 and 885 by fluid connections, wherein each subarea can have one or more rows of pipes.
- Each section can be flowed through easily or have a deflection in width and / or depth.
- the subarea 884 and / or 885 could be omitted. It is also possible to combine the partial areas 881 and 882 and the partial areas 883 and 885 into one area each.
- the dimensions a, b and c transverse to the flow direction 890 of the integrated heat exchanger can be varied according to the invention.
- the sum a + b + c is advantageously the total dimension of the heat exchanger.
- the partial area 881 is preferably present and possibly without / with a deflection in depth.
- FIG. 16 shows a heat exchanger 900 passing through a central one
- Area 901 is equipped with a tube-rib system, which is divided into different areas. Furthermore, the Heat exchangers via laterally arranged side boxes 902 and 903, the side boxes being divided into individual chambers by the arrangement of intermediate walls. Some of the chambers are connected to at least one inlet and / or at least one outlet.
- the central area 901 is subdivided into five separate areas of fluid connections, the areas each having, viewed separately, fluid connections connected in parallel, which are not connected within the areas to fluid connections of the other areas. Viewed in the direction of air flow are at the top of the
- Heat exchanger 900 two areas 910, 911 arranged, the area 910 is arranged in the air flow direction in front of the area 911.
- the two areas share the overall depth of the heat exchanger with essentially the same width. In this regard, there may also be different extensions in depth and possibly also in width.
- a third region 912 is arranged below these two regions and extends over the entire depth of the heat exchanger. Below this area, viewed in the air flow direction, two further areas 913, 914 are arranged at the lower end of the heat exchanger 900, the area 913 in
- Air flow direction is arranged in front of the area 914.
- the two areas share the overall depth of the heat exchanger with essentially the same width. In this regard, there may also be different extensions in depth and possibly also in width.
- the fluid flows through the inlet or inlet 920 through the nozzle into the chamber 921, which is formed in the side box by the wall 922 and the wall of the side box.
- the fluid then flows through area 911 and becomes at least partially in chamber 930 in redirected the depth.
- the chamber 930 is formed by the wall of the side box 903 and the intermediate wall 931. Furthermore, part of the fluid flows out through the outlet 940.
- the fluid that is redirected in chamber 930 then flows back through area 910 and enters chamber 923, which is formed by wall 922 and horizontal wall 924 in side box 902. In the area of chamber 923, the fluid partly deflected in width so that it flows into the area 912 and another part of the fluid exits at the outlet 940.
- the fluid that flows through the region 912 from there into the chamber 932 is partly redirected there and partly flows into the region 914. Another part can flow out through the outlet 941.
- the fluid flowing through region 914 enters chamber 925, which is formed by the wall of the side box and the horizontal partition. In this chamber, the fluid is partially redirected in depth and partially the fluid flows through outlet 942. The redirected fluid then flows through area 913 and from there into chamber 933, from where it flows out through outlet 943.
- the heat exchanger thus has one inlet and four outlets.
- a large part of the connecting pieces could be arranged on the rear of the cooler, while other connecting pieces are or can be arranged differently and, for example, be led out of the distribution and collection chambers from the side or from the front.
- a plurality of partial areas can be represented, each of which can have one or more rows of pipes. Each section can be flowed through easily or have a deflection in width and / or depth.
- the heat exchanger has more than one inlet. Instead of a "cascaded" flow through all cooler areas, which is supplied with coolant from a single inlet connection, the independent coolant supply of individual partial areas or groups of partial areas thus takes place.
- This design form can be represented from all the design forms and variants described above by means of additional partition walls and connecting pieces.
- FIG. 17 shows a further schematic illustration of a
- Heat exchanger 1000 which has two inlets and three outlets.
- FIG. 17 shows a heat exchanger 10 ⁇ 0, which is equipped by a central area 1001 with a tube-fin system, which is divided into different areas. Furthermore, the heat exchanger has laterally arranged side boxes 1002 and 1003, the side boxes being divided into individual chambers by the arrangement of intermediate walls. Some of the chambers are connected to at least one inlet and / or at least one outlet.
- the central area 1001 is subdivided into three separate areas of fluid connections, the areas each having, viewed separately, fluid connections connected in parallel, which are not connected to fluid connections of the other areas within the areas. Viewed in the air flow direction 1099 are at the upper end of the
- Heat exchanger 1000 two areas 1010, 1011 arranged, the area 1010 is arranged in the air flow direction in front of the area 1011.
- the two areas share the same depth, the overall depth of the heat exchanger. In this regard, there may also be different extents in depth possibly also in width.
- a third region 1012 is arranged below these two regions and extends over the entire depth of the heat exchanger.
- the fluid flows through the inlet or inlet 1020 through the nozzle into the chamber 1021 which is formed in the side box by the wall 1022 and the wall of the side box.
- the fluid then flows through region 1010 and is at least partially deflected in depth in chamber 1030.
- the chamber 1030 is formed by the wall of the side box 1003 and the intermediate wall 1031. Furthermore, part of the fluid flows out through the outlet 1040. Further fluid flows into chamber 1030 through a further inlet 1041.
- the fluid which is deflected in the chamber 1030 or which flows into the chamber through the further inlet then flows back through the region 1011 and enters the chamber 1023, which is formed by the wall 1022 and the
- the fluid In the area of the chamber 1023, the fluid is partially redirected in width so that it flows into the area 1012 and another part of the fluid exits at the outlet 1042.
- Chamber 1032 and flows from there through outlet 941.
- the heat exchanger thus has two inlets and three outlets.
- the heat exchanger 1100 has, for example, a single-row tube-fin system 1 101 and two side boxes 1102 and 1103.
- a further heat exchanger 1199 in the cooling air flow 1198 is arranged upstream of this heat exchanger.
- the heat exchanger can also consist of only one row of pipes or of several rows of pipes for which no deflection in depth is provided is to be trained. In this case, however, deflections can be provided in the width or the sub-areas of an integrated heat exchanger lie side by side.
- the integrated heat exchanger has at least one further heat exchanger in front of it in the cooling air flow and these are connected, for example, to form a module.
- This or these upstream heat exchangers are advantageous for the individual areas of the. integrated heat exchanger positioned that current flow and
- Temperature level in the upstream heat exchangers roughly corresponds to the situation in the "front half" of an integrated heat exchanger according to the design principles of the figures described above.
- Sockets for inlet and / or outlet are not only led out on the rear of the cooler or on the side, but also, if necessary, also viewed above and below or on the front of the cooler, in the direction of air flow.
- the nozzles can be attached, designed as an angle nozzle or a nozzle.
- the design features of the heat exchangers are not only applicable to the cross-flow coolers described, but also to downdraft or rising flow coolers
- the design features are also reversible in terms of right / left, up / down.
- a deflection in depth and / or the arrangement of cooler areas with a low temperature level in the cooling air flow in front of cooler areas with a high temperature level advantageously improves the effectiveness of the heat exchanger.
- the cascading of the coolant flow over several cooler areas expediently reduces the number of nozzles required and thus the number of interfaces. This also reduces the number of hoses, hose connections and coolant content required.
- the grading of the inlet cross sections of the cooler areas advantageously allows the maintenance of favorable conditions for heat transfer and pressure drop across all cooler areas.
- the cascaded low-temperature areas can each supply cooling power for the unit assigned to them and also for other units.
- Cascaded means that parts of a fluid flow are branched off in stages or steps and the rest of the fluid continues to flow through the heat exchanger.
- the amount of fluid flowing further through the heat exchanger is additionally cooled, so that amounts of fluid at different outlets of the heat exchanger or mass flows with different temperatures are available.
- the respective amounts of the fluid at a given temperature can be specifically controlled by designing the respective areas of the heat exchanger.
- the areas of the heat exchanger which generate fluid with a lower temperature are preferably arranged in front of or next to other areas, preferably in the cooling air flow or in another cooling mass flow.
- FIG 19 shows a cooling circuit in a schematic representation with a heat exchanger 1201, a condenser 1202, and units, such as a drive motor 1203, a starter generator 1204, a transmission with transmission oil cooler 1206, a cooler for electronics 1207 of the vehicle, a charge air coolant cooler 1208, a pump
- the condenser 1202 can be arranged as a separate component or can be designed as a structural unit with the heat exchanger or with the
- Heat exchanger 1201 can be integrated.
- the schematic illustration shows an example of a heat exchanger 1201 as shown in FIG. 17.
- the heat exchanger 1201 has an inlet 1220 through which a fluid from line 1221, such as coolant, flows into the heat exchanger.
- the fluid then flows through the fluid connections, for example of a tube-fin system, and flows out again in part at the respective outlets 1222, 1223, 1224.
- the temperatures of the respective coolant flow at the respective outlets are different and, depending on the design, can be between approx. 10 degrees Celsius and 40 degrees Celsius or more differ.
- the temperature at the inlet is approximately 115 degrees, at the outlet 1222 approximately 110 degrees, at the outlet 1224 approximately 80 degrees and at the outlet 1223 approximately 60 degrees.
- these values depend on the particular design of the heat exchanger and the circuit.
- the highest temperature fluid flows from the outlet 1222 to the coolant inlet of the engine 1203 via the pump 1209. There it is heated and the heated fluid flows from the coolant outlet of the engine 1203 through the line 1221 to the heat exchanger inlet 1220.
- a bypass thermostatic valve is arranged, which at least partially opens or closes the bypass connection in accordance with predetermined characteristic values, so that the engine can warm up more quickly, for example in a cold start situation, when the fluid does not or does not run completely through the radiator.
- a further line 1231 is connected to the outlet 1224 and is connected to an oil cooler in which heat exchange takes place between the fluid and the transmission oil.
- the fluid heated in oil cooler 1206 flows through line 1232 and enters line 1230.
- a further line 1233 is connected to the outlet 1223 and is connected to a cooler 1207 for electronics and thus in series with a charge air coolant cooler 1208.
- the fluid heated in this way flows through line 1234 and enters line 1230 and, after flowing through the motor, back into heat exchanger 1201.
- This pump can be a pump driven by an electric motor or a pump driven by the drive motor 1203, wherein the pump driven by the electric motor can preferably be operated in accordance with the cooling requirements, that is to say also in electrically or electronically controlled operation.
- the arrangement of a pump for supplying a main cooling circuit and at least one secondary circuit can advantageously be provided, since the at least one secondary circuit is guided parallel to the bypass valve 1210.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10158436 | 2001-11-29 | ||
DE10158436A DE10158436A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2001-11-29 | heat exchangers |
PCT/EP2002/012877 WO2003046457A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2002-11-16 | Heat exchanger |
Publications (2)
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EP1454106A1 true EP1454106A1 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
EP1454106B1 EP1454106B1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
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EP02803775.2A Expired - Lifetime EP1454106B1 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2002-11-16 | Heat exchanger |
Country Status (9)
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US (1) | US7111669B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1454106B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4176642B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100342195C (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002356614A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0214558A (en) |
DE (1) | DE10158436A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2604580T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003046457A1 (en) |
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-
2001
- 2001-11-29 DE DE10158436A patent/DE10158436A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-11-16 BR BR0214558-8A patent/BR0214558A/en active Search and Examination
- 2002-11-16 AU AU2002356614A patent/AU2002356614A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-16 JP JP2003547856A patent/JP4176642B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-16 WO PCT/EP2002/012877 patent/WO2003046457A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-11-16 ES ES02803775.2T patent/ES2604580T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-16 CN CNB028276515A patent/CN100342195C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-16 US US10/496,013 patent/US7111669B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-16 EP EP02803775.2A patent/EP1454106B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03046457A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10158436A1 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
BR0214558A (en) | 2004-11-09 |
WO2003046457A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
AU2002356614A1 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
JP4176642B2 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
EP1454106B1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
CN1618002A (en) | 2005-05-18 |
JP2005510689A (en) | 2005-04-21 |
US7111669B2 (en) | 2006-09-26 |
US20050006067A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
CN100342195C (en) | 2007-10-10 |
ES2604580T3 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
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