DE4313567C1 - Heat exchanger for the independent heating of the driver's and passenger's sides of a passenger compartment in motor (passenger) cars - Google Patents
Heat exchanger for the independent heating of the driver's and passenger's sides of a passenger compartment in motor (passenger) carsInfo
- Publication number
- DE4313567C1 DE4313567C1 DE19934313567 DE4313567A DE4313567C1 DE 4313567 C1 DE4313567 C1 DE 4313567C1 DE 19934313567 DE19934313567 DE 19934313567 DE 4313567 A DE4313567 A DE 4313567A DE 4313567 C1 DE4313567 C1 DE 4313567C1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- passenger
- heat exchanger
- collecting space
- channel
- duct
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
- F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
- F28F9/0209—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only transversal partitions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
- F28D1/0417—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with particular circuits for the same heat exchange medium, e.g. with the heat exchange medium flowing through sections having different heat exchange capacities or for heating/cooling the heat exchange medium at different temperatures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
- F28D2021/0091—Radiators
- F28D2021/0096—Radiators for space heating
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher für die unabhängige Beheizung der Fahrer- und Beifahrerseite eines Fahrgastraumes von Personenkraftwagen mit zwei voneinander getrennten Rippen rohrblöcken, die jeweils mehrere parallele und etwa senkrecht ausgerichtete Rohre aufweisen, die endseitig in einen oberen und unteren Sammler münden.The invention relates to a heat exchanger for the independent Heating the driver and passenger side of a passenger compartment of passenger cars with two separate ribs tube blocks, each parallel and approximately vertical have aligned tubes that end in an upper and lower collectors flow out.
Bei solchen Wärmetauschern, wie sie z. B. der DE 35 04 129 A1, der DE 35 33 196 C2, der DE 33 17 982 C1 und der DE 39 27 955 A1 als bekannt entnehmbar sind, ist es gebräuchlich, im oberen Sammler bzw. von diesem aus Kanäle zu führen, um vorbestimmte Bereiche des Wärmetauschers gezielt beaufschlagen zu können. Bei der DE 35 04 129 A1 verläuft der Kanal innerhalb des oberen Sammlers und endet im Bereich der außenliegenden Rohre, so daß ein interner Vorlauf zum unteren Sammler erfolgt, der somit als Umlenkwasserkasten fungiert. Diese Führung des Wärmeträgers bringt bei den Wärmeträgerstrom automatisch regelnden Heiz- oder Klimaanlagen in Hinblick auf die übliche Anordnung mit seitlich unten liegenden Auslässen zum Fußraum hinsichtlich der ange strebten Temperaturschichtung gewisse Vorteile, kann aber dann noch nicht voll befriedigen, wenn die eingestellte Innenraumtem peratur erreicht ist und zur Aufrechterhaltung dieser Temperatur die den Wärmeträgerstrom regulierenden Taktventile nur noch kurz öffnen. Bei dieser Betriebsweise kann es vorkommen, daß die getaktet einströmende Wassermenge nicht ausreicht, um die gesamte Wassersäule in den Vorlaufrohren zu verdrängen, was dazu führt, daß in nicht gewünschter Weise relativ kühle Luft in den Fußraum ausströmt. Weiterhin muß mit relativ aufwendigen Dichtungsmaßnahmen verhindert werden, daß der aus dem Kanal aus tretende Wärmeträger nicht unter Herbeiführung einer Kurzschluß wirkung direkt dem Rücklauf zuströmt.In such heat exchangers as z. B. DE 35 04 129 A1, DE 35 33 196 C2, DE 33 17 982 C1 and DE 39 27 955 A1 are known to be known, it is common in the upper Collector or lead from this to predetermined channels To be able to target areas of the heat exchanger. At DE 35 04 129 A1 the channel runs within the upper one Collector and ends in the area of the outer pipes, so that an internal advance to the lower collector takes place, which is thus as Deflection water tank acts. This guide of the heat transfer medium brings automatically regulating heating or Air conditioners with regard to the usual arrangement with side bottom outlets to the footwell with regard to the stratification strived for certain advantages, but can then still not fully satisfy if the set interior temperature temperature is reached and to maintain this temperature the stroke valves regulating the heat transfer flow only briefly to open. With this mode of operation it can happen that the clocked inflowing amount of water is not sufficient to the to displace entire water column in the supply pipes, what about this leads to relatively cool air in the Emanates footwell. Furthermore, it has to be relatively expensive Sealing measures are prevented from coming out of the sewer occurring heat transfer medium not causing a short circuit effect flows directly to the return.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Wärmetauscher hinsichtlich seiner Beaufschlagung mit kleinen Wärmeträgerströmen unter Ein satz baulich einfacher Mittel so zu gestalten, daß bezüglich der Plazierung der Abgänge der zu den Luftauslässen führenden Kanäle ein großer Spielraum zur Verfügung steht und gleichzeitig si chergestellt ist, daß die gewünschte Temperatur im Hinblick auf warmen Fußraum und kühlen Kopfraum in allen Betriebsbereichen beibehalten wird.It is an object of the invention to provide a heat exchanger its exposure to small heat transfer currents below one set of structurally simple means so that with respect to the Placement of the exits of the channels leading to the air outlets a large scope is available and at the same time si It is established that the desired temperature with regard to warm footwell and cool headroom in all operating areas is maintained.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Durch den in den unteren Sammler eintretenden Wärmeträgerstrom ist selbst bei nur kleinen nachfließenden Men gen sichergestellt, daß die angestrebte geschichtete Lufttempe ratur erreicht wird. Der zum Fußraum geführte Luftabgang wird zweckmäßigerweise jeweils etwa auf die Höhe der Auslässe und in Luftströmungsrichtung durch den Wärmetauscher gesehen hinter die Auslässe gelegt, wobei je nach den räumlichen Gegebenheiten Aus lässe und Luftabgänge mehr zur Mitte oder zum Rand des Wärme tauschers gerückt werden können. Bei kleinen Wärmeträgermengen tritt der Wärmeträger lediglich in die den Auslässen benachbar ten Rohre über, wobei je nach der Plazierung des Einlasses in den dem oberen Sammler zugeordneten Kanal wegen der gegebenen Strömungsverhältnisse bestimmte Rohre bevorzugt durchströmt wer den. Auf diese Weise wird ein Anteil nicht zu stark abgekühlten Wärmeträgers in Richtung des oberen Sammlers transportiert, so daß die Temperaturschichtung sich in vertretbaren Grenzen be wegt.This object is achieved by the specified in claim 1 Features resolved. By entering the lower collector Heat transfer current is even with only small afterflowing men gene ensured that the desired stratified air temp maturity is reached. The air outlet leading to the footwell becomes expediently in each case approximately to the height of the outlets and in Air flow direction seen through the heat exchanger behind the Outlets laid, depending on the spatial conditions Aus Let out and air outlets more towards the middle or the edge of the heat can be moved. With small amounts of heat transfer medium the heat transfer medium only enters into the outlets ten pipes, depending on the placement of the inlet in the channel assigned to the upper collector because of the given Flow conditions preferential flow through certain pipes the. In this way, a portion is not cooled down too much Heat carrier transported towards the top collector, so that the temperature stratification be within reasonable limits moves.
Ein einfacher Aufbau wird erreicht, wenn jeder Kanal am zugeord neten, aus Kunststoff bestehenden Sammler angeformt ist und seine beiden Enden durch einen Stopfen verschlossen sind.A simple setup is achieved if each channel is assigned neten, molded plastic collector is and both ends are closed by a stopper.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:An embodiment of the invention is described below the drawing explained in more detail. It shows:
Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Außenansicht eines Wärmetauschers mit einem im unteren Sammler mündenden Einlaß und zwei vom oberen Sammler wegführenden Auslässen, Fig. 1 is an external perspective view of a heat exchanger with an opening into the lower header inlet and two leading away from the upper header outlets
Fig. 2 einen Schnitt nach der Linie II-II in Fig. 1 mit nur teilweise wiedergegebenem Rohrboden, Fig. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in Fig. 1 only partially given tube sheet,
Fig. 3 den Schnitt nach der Linie III-III in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 shows the section according to the line III-III in Fig. 2,
Fig. 4 den Schnitt nach der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 2 und Fig. 4 shows the section along the line IV-IV in Fig. 2 and
Fig. 5 einen Schnitt nach der Linie V-V in Fig. 1 mit nur teil weise dargestelltem Rohrboden. Fig. 5 shows a section along the line VV in Fig. 1 with only partially shown tube sheet.
Ein aus Fig. 1 ersichtlicher, stehend angeordneter Wärmetauscher 1 mit zwei nicht näher dargestellten, nebeneinanderliegenden Heizzonen, dient der unabhängigen Beheizung der Fahrer- und Bei fahrerseite eines Fahrgastraumes eines Personenkraftwagens. Wie durch Pfeile angedeutet, ist eine Vorlaufleitung 2 zu einem un teren Sammler 3 geführt, während zwei Rücklaufleitungen 4 und 5 von einem oberen Sammler 6 wegführen. Zwischen dem unteren Samm ler 3 und dem oberen Sammler 6 erstrecken sich in nicht näher dargestellter, jedoch bekannter Weise luftbeaufschlagte, mit Rippen versehene Rohre 7 (Fig. 2 bis 5) und die erwärmte Luft strömt in einen Luftverteilraum 8 ab, wie er in Fig. 2 lokal an gedeutet ist. Neben anderen, nicht gezeigten Kanälen und Abgän gen ist der Luftverteilraum 8 mit zum Fußraum des Fahrgastraumes führenden Kanälen 9 versehen, von denen in Fig. 2 nur einer an gedeutet ist.Not shown, an apparent from Fig. 1, standing arranged heat exchanger 1 with two closer adjacent heating zones, the independent heating of the driver and front side of a passenger compartment of a passenger car is used. As indicated by arrows, a feed line 2 is guided to a lower collector 3 , while two return lines 4 and 5 lead away from an upper collector 6 . Between the lower collector 3 and the upper collector 6 extend in a manner not shown, but known air-loaded, ribbed tubes 7 ( Fig. 2 to 5) and the heated air flows into an air distribution space 8 , as shown in Fig . 2 is interpreted locally. In addition to other channels and outputs not shown, the air distribution space 8 is provided with channels 9 leading to the footwell of the passenger compartment, of which only one is indicated in FIG. 2.
Wie Fig. 2 darüber hinaus zeigt, ist an den unteren, aus Kunst stoff bestehenden Sammler 3 ein Kanal 10 angeformt, an dem mit tig die Vorlaufleitung 2 angeschlossen ist. In vorbestimmten Be reichen und dabei etwa gegenüberliegend der luftführenden Kanäle 9 zum Fußraum ist der Kanal 10 mit Auslässen 11 versehen, durch die während der Öffnungszeit von nicht dargestellten, in den Rücklaufleitungen 4 und 5 angeordneten Taktventilen, Wärmeträger wie durch Pfeile angedeutet in den Sammler 3 eintritt. Um den Anformvorgang des Kanales 10 fertigungstechnisch zu erleichtern, sind die Enden 12 des Kanales 10 zunächst offen und werden nach träglich durch Stopfen 13 verschlossen.As Fig. 2 shows in addition, of plastic existing collector 3, a channel 10 is on the lower, integrally formed, is connected to the tig with the feed line 2. Be in predetermined Be and approximately opposite the air-guiding channels 9 to the footwell, the channel 10 is provided with outlets 11 through which during the opening time of not shown, in the return lines 4 and 5 arranged clock valves, heat transfer medium as indicated by arrows in the collector 3 entry. In order to facilitate the molding process of the channel 10 in terms of production technology, the ends 12 of the channel 10 are initially open and are subsequently closed by plugs 13 .
Die in den unteren Sammler 3 periodisch gelangende geringe Wär meträgermenge tritt nur in die den Auslässen 11 nächstliegenden, von einem Rohrboden 14 aufgenommenen Rohre 7 über und strömt in diesen nach oben in den oberen Sammler 6, der gemäß Fig. 5 durch eine Querwand 15 unterteilt ist. Wie im unteren Sammler 3 ist auch im oberen Sammler 6 ein Kanal 16 angeformt, der an seinen Enden 17 durch Stopfen 18 verschlossen wird und der etwa senk recht oberhalb der unteren Auslässe 11 Einlässe 19 aufweist, wo bei durch eine mittig angeordnete Trennwand 20 jedem Einlaß 19 eine Kanalhälfte 21 zugeordnet ist. Durch diese hermetische Un terteilung des oberen Sammlers 6 werden zwei Heizzonen geschaf fen, die individuell beaufschlagbar sind. Entsprechend dem sich jeweils öffnenden Taktventil strömt Wärmeträger in den jeweils zugeordneten Abschnitt des oberen Sammlers 6 nach, tritt durch den naheliegenden Einlaß 19 in die entsprechende Kanalhälfte 21 ein und strömt über die Rücklaufleitung 4 bzw. 5 ab, wodurch die bereits erwähnten Vorteile erreicht werden. Bei höherem Wärmebe darf strömt mehr Wärmeträger in den unteren Sammler 3, wobei mit immer größer werdendem Wärmeträgernachschub immer mehr Rohre 7 durchflossen werden. Im Zustand voller Heizleistung, z. B. wäh rend der Aufheizphase, werden dann alle Rohre 7 beaufschlagt.The periodically arriving in the lower collector 3 small amount of heat transfer occurs only in the outlets 11 closest, received by a tube sheet 14 pipes 7 and flows upwards into the upper collector 6 , which is divided according to FIG. 5 by a transverse wall 15 is. As in the lower collector 3 , a channel 16 is also formed in the upper collector 6 , which is closed at its ends 17 by plugs 18 and which has approximately vertically right above the lower outlets 11 inlets 19 , where each through a centrally arranged partition 20 19 a channel half 21 is assigned. This hermetic subdivision of the upper collector 6 creates two heating zones which can be acted upon individually. Corresponding to the respectively opening timing valve, heat transfer medium flows into the respectively assigned section of the upper header 6 , enters through the nearby inlet 19 into the corresponding channel half 21 and flows out via the return line 4 or 5 , whereby the advantages already mentioned are achieved. At higher heat levels, more heat transfer medium may flow into the lower header 3 , with more and more pipes 7 flowing through as the heat transfer medium supply increases. In the state of full heating power, e.g. B. during the heating phase, all tubes 7 are then applied.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19934313567 DE4313567C1 (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1993-04-26 | Heat exchanger for the independent heating of the driver's and passenger's sides of a passenger compartment in motor (passenger) cars |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19934313567 DE4313567C1 (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1993-04-26 | Heat exchanger for the independent heating of the driver's and passenger's sides of a passenger compartment in motor (passenger) cars |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE4313567C1 true DE4313567C1 (en) | 1994-09-01 |
Family
ID=6486357
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19934313567 Expired - Fee Related DE4313567C1 (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1993-04-26 | Heat exchanger for the independent heating of the driver's and passenger's sides of a passenger compartment in motor (passenger) cars |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE4313567C1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19743823A1 (en) * | 1996-10-10 | 1998-04-16 | Valeo Climatisation | Heating and air-conditioning unit for saloon vehicle |
DE10147521A1 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2003-04-10 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Heat exchangers, in particular gas coolers CO2 - air conditioners |
WO2003046457A1 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2003-06-05 | Behr Gmbh & Co. | Heat exchanger |
EP1410929A3 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-08-04 | Denso Corporation | Heat exchanger |
EP1398589A3 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2005-10-05 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Coolant radiator |
FR2873799A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2006-02-03 | Renault Sas | Heat exchanger for overfed internal combustion engine, has intermediate distribution case with inlet opening communicating with outlets that are respectively connected to inlets of tubes in corresponding sections |
DE102006016341A1 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2007-10-11 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat exchanger |
US7748437B2 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2010-07-06 | Renault S.A.S. | Heat exchanger with tube core, in particular for a supercharged internal combustion engine |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3317982C1 (en) * | 1983-05-18 | 1984-10-18 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Heat exchanger, in particular for heating a passenger compartment of motor vehicles |
DE3504129A1 (en) * | 1985-02-07 | 1986-08-07 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | HEAT EXCHANGER, ESPECIALLY FOR THE INDEPENDENT HEATING OF THE DRIVER AND PASSENGER SIDE OF A PASSENGER CAR ROOM OF PASSENGER CARS |
DE3533196C2 (en) * | 1985-09-18 | 1987-11-26 | Sueddeutsche Kuehlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr Gmbh & Co Kg | |
DE3927955A1 (en) * | 1989-08-24 | 1991-02-28 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Heat exchanger for motor vehicle heating system - has parts made of thermoplastics fastened together with adhesive and welding |
-
1993
- 1993-04-26 DE DE19934313567 patent/DE4313567C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3317982C1 (en) * | 1983-05-18 | 1984-10-18 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Heat exchanger, in particular for heating a passenger compartment of motor vehicles |
DE3504129A1 (en) * | 1985-02-07 | 1986-08-07 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | HEAT EXCHANGER, ESPECIALLY FOR THE INDEPENDENT HEATING OF THE DRIVER AND PASSENGER SIDE OF A PASSENGER CAR ROOM OF PASSENGER CARS |
DE3533196C2 (en) * | 1985-09-18 | 1987-11-26 | Sueddeutsche Kuehlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr Gmbh & Co Kg | |
DE3927955A1 (en) * | 1989-08-24 | 1991-02-28 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Heat exchanger for motor vehicle heating system - has parts made of thermoplastics fastened together with adhesive and welding |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19743823A1 (en) * | 1996-10-10 | 1998-04-16 | Valeo Climatisation | Heating and air-conditioning unit for saloon vehicle |
DE10147521A1 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2003-04-10 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Heat exchangers, in particular gas coolers CO2 - air conditioners |
EP1298405B1 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2006-01-25 | Behr GmbH & Co. KG | Heat exchanger, particularly gas cooler for CO2-air conditioner |
WO2003046457A1 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2003-06-05 | Behr Gmbh & Co. | Heat exchanger |
US7111669B2 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2006-09-26 | Behr Gmbh Co. Kg | Heat exchanger |
CN100342195C (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2007-10-10 | 贝洱两合公司 | Heat exchanger |
EP1398589A3 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2005-10-05 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Coolant radiator |
EP1410929A3 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-08-04 | Denso Corporation | Heat exchanger |
FR2873799A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2006-02-03 | Renault Sas | Heat exchanger for overfed internal combustion engine, has intermediate distribution case with inlet opening communicating with outlets that are respectively connected to inlets of tubes in corresponding sections |
US7748437B2 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2010-07-06 | Renault S.A.S. | Heat exchanger with tube core, in particular for a supercharged internal combustion engine |
DE102006016341A1 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2007-10-11 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat exchanger |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8100 | Publication of the examined application without publication of unexamined application | ||
D1 | Grant (no unexamined application published) patent law 81 | ||
8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: DAIMLER-BENZ AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, 70567 STUTTGART, |
|
8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG, 70567 STUTTGART, DE |
|
8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |