EP1453938B1 - Verfahren zur zerstörung von nuklearem graphit durch vergasung in wässrigem medium - Google Patents
Verfahren zur zerstörung von nuklearem graphit durch vergasung in wässrigem medium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1453938B1 EP1453938B1 EP02799804A EP02799804A EP1453938B1 EP 1453938 B1 EP1453938 B1 EP 1453938B1 EP 02799804 A EP02799804 A EP 02799804A EP 02799804 A EP02799804 A EP 02799804A EP 1453938 B1 EP1453938 B1 EP 1453938B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- process according
- treatment process
- voltage pulses
- carbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 title description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTJUKNSKBAOEHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calixarene Chemical class COC(=O)COC1=C(CC=2C(=C(CC=3C(=C(C4)C=C(C=3)C(C)(C)C)OCC(=O)OC)C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)OCC(=O)OC)C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1CC1=C(OCC(=O)OC)C4=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VTJUKNSKBAOEHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001723 carbon free-radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005372 isotope separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DNHVXYDGZKWYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead;hydrate Chemical group O.[Pb] DNHVXYDGZKWYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
- C10J3/18—Continuous processes using electricity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
- B02C2019/183—Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/12—Electrodes present in the gasifier
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/33—Laboratory scale gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of destruction of a nuclear graphite contaminated by radioelements by gasification of said graphite aqueous medium.
- the general area is therefore the treatment nuclear waste, such as graphite from the natural uranium-graphite-gas sector (known as UNGG), recovered during the dismantling of said die.
- UNGG natural uranium-graphite-gas sector
- waste treatment such as nuclear graphite contaminated with radioelements
- waste treatment is done either by storing all the waste in appropriate containers, either by destruction total waste by combustion.
- waste is ground in a first step according to a mechanical grinding process, in a chamber of confinement, so as to obtain a size of particles weak enough to be able then constitute a fluidized bed or suspension in fuel and perform particle combustion as well produced.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a contaminated nuclear graphite treatment process by radioelements to counteract aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art.
- the subject of the invention is a process for treating a nuclear graphite contaminated with radioelements, said method comprising a step of subjecting said graphite, placed in immersion in a medium containing water, to high voltage pulses, said pulses having a sufficient energy for electric arcs to trigger and break the links constituents of water molecules and carbon-carbon of said graphite, the number of pulses high voltage being determined so as to obtain a transformation in the form of gas of said graphite.
- High voltage pulses electrical impulses may carry a voltage of the order of one to several kilovolts, so as to obtain an arc in the medium containing water. Over there next, we will reason in terms of electrical energy, the latter being at the origin of the creation of arcs responsible for their interaction with the aqueous medium and the conductive carbonaceous material of the gasification of said material.
- E represents the electrical energy conveyed by a high voltage pulse or more precisely the energy of electric arcs.
- -C represents an atom of carbon taken in a carbon-carbon bond.
- this method makes it possible to obtain a destruction of nuclear graphite, radioelements remaining trapped in the medium containing water.
- this process advantageously makes it possible to obtain the production of gas, said gases being recoverable and reused for various applications.
- the person skilled in the art can choose the application conditions of high voltage pulses (energy, frequency, duration and number of pulses sent) depending on the nature of the graphite treat, with the understanding that the higher the energy of impulses will be important plus the number of impulses to apply will be less, to obtain the said gasification.
- the energy of the pulses voltage can be 100 J to 100 kJ.
- Such a value of energy pulses allows, at each pulse, to generate, advantageously, the rupture of a large number of water molecules and carbon-carbon bonds constituent of the graphite to be treated.
- the high voltage pulses may have a duration ranging from 200 ns at 100 ⁇ s with preferably a duration of 1 ⁇ s.
- the high voltage pulses can have a frequency ranging from 1 to 1000 Hz, preferably 10 Hz.
- the medium containing water may contain, advantageously, according to the invention, at least one radical stabilization catalyst, allowing the stabilization of the radicals formed above.
- the treatment method of nuclear graphite may advantageously comprise a step of evacuating said gases produced with a view to the use of the gases produced.
- This step presents the advantage of avoiding any phenomenon of overpressure inherent in the production of gas in a closed environment and to deliver the gases produced either to a place of storage, or to a place of treatment.
- the gas evacuation step is carried out by continuous scanning of the surface of the medium containing water with an inert gas, preferably with nitrogen.
- the treatment method of graphite comprises preferably, after gasification of the graphite, a step treatment of the medium containing water.
- This treatment can correspond to conventional treatment liquid effluents intended to recover and reconcentrate, for example, the heavy metals contained initially in the graphite to be processed and released in the aqueous medium after gasification of graphite.
- This treatment may also be intended to clean up the medium containing water, in which took place the gasification of graphite, released radioelements by graphite.
- radioactive cesium in the form of ionic in water can be trapped by means of resins ion exchangers or calixarenes.
- Cobalt under form of oxides, can be filtered.
- Tritium as he is fixed on water instead of hydrogen by isotopic exchange and can then be concentrated for deactivation.
- Figure 1 illustrates a particular device to implement the invention.
- Figure 2 shows curves illustrating the % rate of gas produced according to the number of high voltage pulses n, these curves coming from of an experiment using the device of the figure 1.
- Figure 3 illustrates another type of device particular for implementing the invention.
- the process according to the invention consists in treating the nuclear graphite contaminated with radioelements, by sending on said graphite of high voltage pulses in aqueous medium.
- FIG. 1 illustrates such a device allowing to proceed to the treatment of such a type of graphite.
- This device comprises a sealed and non-metallic reactor 1, for example made of polyethylene.
- the bottom of the reactor is a conductive plate, constituting the earth electrode 2, connected to a high voltage generator 3, of the Marx generator type, said generator supplying a high voltage electrode 4, the distance of which can be adjusted. vis-à-vis the earth electrode 2, in order to adjust the potential difference applied between these two electrodes.
- a nuclear graphite block 5 Between the electrodes 2 and 4 is placed a nuclear graphite block 5, said block being totally immersed in water 6. This device makes it possible to emit high voltage pulses in the direction of the block.
- the pulses thus emitted of given energy cause the appearance of an electric arc between the electrodes which, in its way, dissociates the water in free radicals and breaks carbon-carbon bonds in contact with the graphite, to form carbon radicals .
- the chemical reaction between the carbon atoms in the form of radicals and the radicals resulting from the decomposition of water lead to the formation of CO, CO 2 and H 2 .
- the gases 7 produced are conveyed via a pump 8 to a gas detector 9 comprising means for detecting carbon monoxide 10, carbon dioxide 11, oxygen 12 and methane 13. Once passed through the detector 9, the gases produced are routed back to the reactor 1.
- a gasometer system 14 is provided to measure the production of gas and avoid any overpressure.
- a system intended to ensure the regeneration of the aqueous medium, in order to maintain the qualities of that medium necessary to the formation of electric arcs, can be considered.
- Figure 2 shows the% carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide levels recorded as a function of the number of pulses applied n. It can be seen that the CO ratio, represented on the CO curve, and the CO 2 content , represented on the CO 2 curve, increase with the number of pulses until reaching a plateau shape, from 220 shots according to the conditions of realization of this example.
- Figure 3 illustrates a device for implementing the invention with, in this case, a continuous scan with an inert gas.
- This figure proposes a device similar to the preceding, except that the reactor 1 is fed with a continuous and constant flow of inert gas, such as N 2 , by means of a bottle 18 provided with a manometer.
- the gases produced are always routed to a detection device 9 provided with means for detecting carbon monoxide 10, carbon dioxide 11, oxygen 12 and methane 13 by means of a pump 8, the whole being connected a data processing system 20, which will allow, in particular, to produce curves, highlighting the rate of gas produced at a given time, since the gases do not stagnate in the reactor.
- a flow meter 19 measures the flow rate of the total gases, which are rejected. This last device is easier to manage because it avoids the accumulation of gases and the possibility of existence of explosive mixtures.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Claims (9)
- Verfahren zur Behandlung eines Reaktorgraphits, der durch Radioelemente kontaminiert ist, das eine Stufe umfasst, bei welcher der Graphit, der in ein Wasser enthaltendes Medium eingetaucht ist, Hochspannungsimpulsen ausgesetzt wird, die eine ausreichende Energie aufweisen, um elektrische Lichtbögen auszulösen und einen Bruch der Bindungen der Wassermoleküle und der Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Bindungen des Graphits zu bewirken, wobei die Anzahl der Hochspannungsimpulse so festgelegt wird, dass eine Umwandlung in gasförmigen Graphit erzielt wird
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Energie der Hochspannungsimpulse 100 J bis 100 kJ beträgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, bei dem die Hochspannungsimpulse eine Dauer von 200 ns bis 100 µs haben.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Hochspannungsimpulse eine Frequenz von 1 bis 1000 Hz haben.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei dem das Wasser enthaltende Medium mindestens einen Katalysator zur Stabilisierung von Radikalen enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, das eine Stufe des Abzugs der gebildeten Gase zur Verwendung der gebildeten Gase umfasst.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, bei dem die Stufe des Abzugs der Gase durch kontinuierliche Spülung mit einem inerten Gas erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, bei dem das inerte Gas Stickstoff ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, das eine Stufe zur Behandlung des Wasser enthaltenden Mediums umfasst.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0115974 | 2001-12-11 | ||
FR0115974A FR2833269B1 (fr) | 2001-12-11 | 2001-12-11 | Procede de gazeification d'une matiere carbonee conductrice par application d'impulsions haute tension a ladite matiere en milieu aqueux |
PCT/FR2002/004253 WO2003050208A2 (fr) | 2001-12-11 | 2002-12-10 | Procede de destruction d'un graphite nucleaire par gazeification en milieu aqueux |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1453938A2 EP1453938A2 (de) | 2004-09-08 |
EP1453938B1 true EP1453938B1 (de) | 2005-05-25 |
Family
ID=8870322
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02799804A Expired - Lifetime EP1453938B1 (de) | 2001-12-11 | 2002-12-10 | Verfahren zur zerstörung von nuklearem graphit durch vergasung in wässrigem medium |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7465377B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1453938B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4272527B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE296339T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE60204351T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2242095T3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2833269B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003050208A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2833192B1 (fr) | 2001-12-11 | 2004-08-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de broyage d'une matiere carbonee conductrice par application d'impulsions haute-tension en milieu liquide |
KR100724710B1 (ko) * | 2002-11-21 | 2007-06-04 | 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 | 방사화 부품의 화학적 오염제거 시스템 및 방법 |
FR2874023B1 (fr) * | 2004-08-04 | 2007-06-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de fabrication d'un gaz combustible par action d'un plasma immerge sur de la matiere organique en milieu aqueux |
US8740873B2 (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2014-06-03 | Hologic, Inc. | Soft body catheter with low friction lumen |
ES2378484T3 (es) * | 2007-03-16 | 2012-04-13 | Selfrag Ag | Sistema para la fragmentación electrodinámica de muestras |
FR2934079A1 (fr) * | 2008-07-17 | 2010-01-22 | Arbresle Ingenierie | Procede d'elimination des dechets radioactifs solides a faible ou moyenne activite et vie longue par injection a grande profondeur apres transformation en emulsion aqueuse. |
FR2942149B1 (fr) * | 2009-02-13 | 2012-07-06 | Camille Cie D Assistance Miniere Et Ind | Procede et systeme de valorisation de materiaux et/ou produits par puissance pulsee |
EP2798645A1 (de) * | 2012-02-14 | 2014-11-05 | Ald Vacuum Technologies GmbH | Dekontaminationsverfahren für radioaktiv kontaminiertes material |
FI126167B (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2016-07-29 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Method for treatment of waste material and use of gaseous material |
US9170193B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2015-10-27 | General Electric Company | Detecting coolant leaks in turbine generators |
US9097657B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 | 2015-08-04 | General Electric Company | Leak detection of stator liquid cooling system |
JP6947126B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-12 | 2021-10-13 | 株式会社Sumco | シリコンロッドの破砕方法及び装置並びにシリコン塊の製造方法 |
CN110215985B (zh) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-06-01 | 东北大学 | 一种用于矿石粉碎预处理的高压电脉冲装置 |
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US3529776A (en) * | 1968-04-15 | 1970-09-22 | Gepipari Fovallalkozo Kisipari | Method and apparatus for comminuting metals in an electric arc |
US3770212A (en) * | 1971-04-08 | 1973-11-06 | V Ivashkin | Method of comminuting materials preferably conducting materials, and an apparatus for accomplishing the same |
US4279710A (en) * | 1977-10-11 | 1981-07-21 | University Patents, Inc. | Method of gasifying carbonaceous materials |
FR2542004B1 (fr) * | 1983-03-02 | 1985-06-21 | British Petroleum Co | Procede de conversion assistee a l'electricite de produits carbones lourds |
DD247858A1 (de) | 1986-04-14 | 1987-07-22 | Akad Wissenschaften Ddr | Plasmaerosives dispergieren leitfaehiger materialien bei erhaltung des kristallgefueges |
US5792325A (en) * | 1990-11-15 | 1998-08-11 | Richardson, Jr.; William H. | Electric arc material processing system |
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FR2691524B1 (fr) | 1992-05-20 | 1997-12-12 | Servithen Sarl | Procede et installation pour la destruction sans contamination de l'environnement de pieces de graphite eventuellement radioactives. |
GB9217414D0 (en) * | 1992-08-15 | 1992-09-30 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Removal of metal from graphite |
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US6200430B1 (en) * | 1998-01-16 | 2001-03-13 | Edgar J. Robert | Electric arc gasifier method and equipment |
FR2833192B1 (fr) * | 2001-12-11 | 2004-08-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de broyage d'une matiere carbonee conductrice par application d'impulsions haute-tension en milieu liquide |
US6972118B2 (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2005-12-06 | Hadronic Press, Inc. | Apparatus and method for processing hydrogen, oxygen and other gases |
-
2001
- 2001-12-11 FR FR0115974A patent/FR2833269B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-12-10 AT AT02799804T patent/ATE296339T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-10 WO PCT/FR2002/004253 patent/WO2003050208A2/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2002-12-10 ES ES02799804T patent/ES2242095T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-10 JP JP2003551230A patent/JP4272527B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-10 DE DE60204351T patent/DE60204351T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-10 US US10/498,700 patent/US7465377B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-10 EP EP02799804A patent/EP1453938B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003050208A3 (fr) | 2004-02-12 |
JP2005512073A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
DE60204351T2 (de) | 2006-01-26 |
JP4272527B2 (ja) | 2009-06-03 |
US7465377B2 (en) | 2008-12-16 |
FR2833269A1 (fr) | 2003-06-13 |
US20050124842A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
ES2242095T3 (es) | 2005-11-01 |
DE60204351D1 (de) | 2005-06-30 |
WO2003050208A2 (fr) | 2003-06-19 |
EP1453938A2 (de) | 2004-09-08 |
FR2833269B1 (fr) | 2004-10-15 |
ATE296339T1 (de) | 2005-06-15 |
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