EP1453724B1 - Living area, particularly for offshore use, boat with such a living area, and method for constructing a living area - Google Patents

Abstract

So far living areas on boats have been constructed by individually mounting the cabins into the hull. This method is time-consuming and has a number of additional drawbacks that can be overcome by constructing the living area, particularly for offshore use, on board the boat. A shell (11), a bulkhead, and a deck (13, 14) with vertically extending reinforcement elements (16, 28) are used to make a load-carrying structure. A cabin block (18, 21, 27) which has been prepared outside the structure and comprises several cabins (19) placed on top of and/or next to each other is mounted into the structure that has been left open on one side, and is fixed to the frame beam (16). Supply lines and disposal lines for the cabins (19) are hooked to the cabin block (18, 21, 27) via a joint connection.

Description

The invention relates to a living area, in particular for the Offschorebereich, preferably on board ships, from several over- and / or juxtaposed cabins to which one or more supply and / or disposal lines, such as power lines, water pipes or sewers, are performed. Furthermore, the invention relates to a ship with such a living area and a method for producing a living area.

The invention is mainly concerned with the living area on board of (passenger) ships. However, the invention can also be used just as well in other offshore buildings, such as oil rig, as on land for example, hotel or office buildings.

In passenger shipbuilding, it has been common practice initially to create a shipbuilding structure consisting of the ship's hull with longitudinal and transverse bulkheads and decks inserted therein. Then the interior is made, are introduced in the Wegerungen and partitions from which the cabins are formed. Finally, the necessary installation, painting and carpeting work etc. take place. This form of interior design is very consuming and therefore time consuming. The ship is stuck at the shipyard's equipment dock for a longer period.

In order to speed up the interior design, it has been repeatedly tried in the past, so-called prefabricated cabins, which can actually be called only semi-finished cabins, to bring in the ship. In each case, a cabin on land prepared as much as possible, brought through an opening in the hull in the ship's deck in question and moved here to its final position. This type of interior is still very expensive, since each cabin has to be connected to supply and disposal lines. The semi-finished cabins must be connected to the ship's structure via many attachment points. These attachment points simultaneously form points of introduction for structure-borne noise present in the ship's structural structure, which easily becomes airborne noise disturbing the passenger within the cabin. The stiffening elements made of frame beams, joists and deck beams, which are required individually for each deck, limit the deck height and add weight. In addition, in these semi-prefabricated cabins, there is generally a step to the wet cell of the cabin, which causes a risk of tripping for the passenger and a reduced standing height in the wet cell. The semi-finished cabins are not equipped with a floor for better accessibility during installation, this must be introduced later or the ship's deck serves as a floor. In the latter case, the ship deck must be clean and bagged. Furthermore, it has been shown in practice that often occur when moving and fixing the semi-finished cabins on the ship's deck damage to the semi-finished cabin, which must be repaired consuming later.

From the GB 21 21 452 Cabin blocks are known in which at the bottom of each cabin block a space for pipes and couplings is available.

From the US 3,363,597 A is a ship known in which individual modules are inserted from above into a lattice-like structure in the hull. In this case, both over several decks extending staircases and storage areas with several smaller cabins, which are each arranged in a plane, are mounted in the lattice structure in the hull. Main objective of in the US 3,363,597 A The method for producing a ship shown is to convert a conventional container ship reversibly in a ship for a different use within a short time.

From the US 2 368 441 A and the DE 40 15 993 A1 Methods are known for applying prefabricated deckhouses to the upper deck of the ship. At the same time, the deckhouses form part of the shipbuilding structure. This results in a single-ply outer skin on the deckhouse, which causes assembly problems when welding the outer skin by itself. The intended for each deck Stiffening elements lead to a loss of deck height and add weight.

The invention is based on the problem to propose a living area and a ship with such a living area and a method for producing a living area through which the production of the living area or the ship is significantly accelerated and simplified. In particular, in the field of shipbuilding to be avoided by the invention, the problems occurring in the semi-finished cabins.

To solve this problem, the living area according to the invention is characterized in that the cabins are combined to a cabin block with walls, ceilings and floors for each cabin and that each cabin block has a common connection for the supply and / or disposal line.

The ship according to the invention is equipped to solve the problem with such a living area. The living area to solve this problem is inventively made by first a supporting structure with an outer skin (in a ship, this is the ship's hull), bulkhead and a deck is provided with upwardly facing stiffening elements, wherein in this respect prepared, unilaterally still open structure a cabin block prepared outside the structure of a plurality of over- and / or side-by-side arranged cabins and fixed on the frame beams and / or beams and Verund disposal lines for the cabins are connected via a common terminal on the cab block.

So it is a larger unit, namely the cabin block prefabricated from several cabins. The individual cabins can be completely equipped with supply and disposal lines, which are each led to a common connection (central connection). In this case, a common terminal block may be provided for all supply and disposal lines or, for example, the power lines, the hot water pipes, the cold water pipes, the sewers and / or the fresh air pipes may each be assigned to a separate central connection. For a cabin block in each case only one connection point for the supply and disposal lines is required so that the cab block can be connected faster overall. The central connection should be located in the floor area of the cabin block. As a result, automatic or semiautomatic couplings can be provided for connecting the supply and / or disposal lines. It is also possible to equip the individual cabins already finished, so all painting, carpeting and installation work before joining several cabin blocks to the final living area, ie in particular before the introduction of the cabin blocks in the hull to make. In a cabin block made up of several cabins arranged one above the other, intermediate decks with the associated stiffening elements are eliminated, which leads to an increase in height. Since the cabin block is hergstellt as "one piece", also the usual steps to wet cell can be omitted. Overall, the cabin block need only be connected to the ship structure at fewer attachment points than would be the case with single cabins. This reduces the number of points of introduction for structure-borne noise from the shipbuilding structure into the cabins. The dwell time of the ship at the wharf of the shipyard is reduced because the cabin block can be made separately in parallel to the construction of the ship's structure on land.

However, the measures according to the invention also have an advantage in the manufacture of the shipbuilding structure, namely when the deck construction is introduced. The deck construction is in fact made so that initially designed the cover sheet of flat sheet metal, welded together and then the stiffening elements are welded. The deck thus formed must next be turned and inserted into the hull and welded. Then the deck must be straightened to get to a reasonably flat floor. Due to the fact that the stiffening elements are arranged facing upward according to the inventive method, eliminates the turning. The cabin blocks stand on the frame beams and / or beams. Thus, the judging of the deck can be omitted.

Further features of the invention relate to structural details.

Fig. 1

einen Ausschnitt aus einem Wohnbereich, nämlich einem Schiff, mit den Erfindungsmerkmalen,

Fig. 2

einen Ausschnitt eines Wohnbereichs, nämlich eines Schiffes, nach dem Stand der Technik,

Fig.3

einen Ausschnitt eines Wohnbereichs, nämlich eines Schiffes, mit den Erfindungsmerkmalen in Gegenüberstellung mit dem Wohnbereich gemäß Fig. 2 nach dem Stand der Technik,

Fig. 4

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kabinenblocks für einen Wohnbereich gemäß Fig. 1 in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 5

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kabinenblocks für einen Wohnbereich gemäß Fig. 1 in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 6

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kabinenblocks für einen Wohnbereich gemäß Fig. 1 in perspektivischer Darstellung.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

a section of a living area, namely a ship, with the invention features,

Fig. 2

a section of a living area, namely a ship, according to the prior art,

Figure 3

2 a section of a living area, namely a ship, with the features of the invention in a comparison with the living area according to FIG. 2 according to the prior art,

Fig. 4

1 shows a perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a cabin block for a living area according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 5

2 shows a perspective view of a second exemplary embodiment of a cabin block for a living area according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 6

a further embodiment of a cabin block for a living area according to FIG. 1 in a perspective view.

The partial view of a ship 10 shown in FIG. 1 shows the prepared shipbuilding structure with the outer shell of the ship, that is to say the ship's hull 11. The hull 11 is formed in a manner known per se and, as is also known, has a plurality of apertures 12 for windows on. In the hull 11 decks 13, 14 are welded. The decks 13, 14 are special here. Formed, namely from the underlying cover plate 15 and the upward facing stiffening elements of frame beams 16, beams 28 and deck beams 29. Vertical struts 17 serve as supports for the individual decks 13, 14th

After the hull 11 has been manufactured at the shipyard, first the lower deck 13 is inserted into the hull 11 and welded. Then shown in Fig. 1 already shown in its final position cabin block 18 from above into the hull 11, deposited on the deck 13, namely on the stiffening elements 16, 28, 29, finally positioned and optionally on spacers, due to shipbuilding tolerances may be required, screwed to the hull and other components of the ship structure or connected in any other suitable manner. Finally, the supply and disposal lines for individual cabins 19 are connected via a central connection from below. The central connection is thus arranged in the bottom of the cabin block 18. Also, it is advantageous that the decks 13, 14 are designed so that the stiffening elements 16, 28, 29 show upward, since the cabin block 18 is accessible from below. Manholes 20 in the frame beams 16 and joists 28 allow the shipyard workers access.

Once this work is completed, the next deck 14 is inserted above the cabin block 18 in the hull 11 and welded. Then, the next cabin block 21 can be inserted into the hull 11 and positioned and secured on the deck 14 in the same manner as the cabin block 18 on the deck 13. The cabin block 21 is shown in FIG. 1 as it is being inserted into the hull 11. The entire cabin block 21, as can be seen, used on a carrying harness 22 by means of a crane from above into the hull 11 still open to the top.

Fig. 2 (prior art) and Fig. 3 (invention) clearly show the gain in height, which can be achieved by the invention. In the prior art according to FIG. 2, each layer of cabins 19 'is assigned a deck with stiffening elements 16, 28, 29. In the invention, however, several, namely three, layers 26 of cabins 19 are combined to the cabin block 18 and 21 respectively. Each cabin block 18 or 21 is assigned only one deck 13 or 14 with the associated stiffening elements 16, 28, 29.

As can furthermore be seen in FIG. 3, the cabin 19 of the cabin blocks 18 and 21 can be completely equipped prior to being introduced into the hull 11, that is to say, in particular, the installation, painting and carpeting work may have already been completed. In addition, but also cabinets 23 and beds 24 may be mounted in the cabin 19. Even attaching pictures 25 or mirroring is possible even on land before the cabin block 18, 21 is inserted into the hull 11. Showers, toilets and sinks with the associated fittings are already installed in the wet cell, not shown here.

Various embodiments of the cabin blocks are shown in Figs. 4 to 6. Fig. 4 shows the cabin block 21 on an enlarged scale. The cab block 21 has three layers 26 of cabins 19. The cabins 19 are designed differently ready in the embodiment of the cabin block 21 of FIG. 4, according to different categories on board a passenger ship. Specifically, the cabins 19 of the bottom layer 26 are narrow, while the cabins 19 of the middle layer 26 are slightly wider. The cabins 19 of the uppermost layer 26 are widest.

In Fig. 5, the cabin block 18 of Fig. 1 is shown in more detail. Again, three layers 26 of cabins 19 are provided one above the other again. However, since this cabin block 18 is located in the lower region of the ship hull 11, which already falls inward, the individual layers 26 of cabins 19 are of different depths, the lowest layer 26 having the smallest depth and the uppermost layer 26 having the greatest depth. Similarly, a cabin block for the bow-upper rear area could be formed with cabins 19 of different depths within a layer 26.

The simplest embodiment of a cabin block 27 is shown in FIG. All cabins 19 here have the same depth and the same width.

Of course, the cabin blocks 18, 21, 27 in different sizes, so for example single-layered, double-layered or four- and multi-layered are formed. Also, the cabin blocks 18, 21 and 27 can be formed in a different width, so with a different number in front of cabs 19 side by side. It is recommended, however, the cabin blocks 18, 21, 27 form so wide that they just fit between two transverse bulkheads of the ship 10.

Certainly, the invention does not offer itself in all areas of a passenger ship. In particular, in areas with strong "uneven" outer skin, so in the bow and stern of the ship, it may be advantageous to equip the cabs as before. In the central area of the ship, where it may even be possible to use a plurality of identically designed cabin blocks, the invention is of great advantage.

The invention is described above with reference to a passenger ship, as it can be used, for example, as a cruise ship, in more detail. Of course, the invention in the same way for the living area, namely the officer and crew cabins of the crew can be used. The living area on oil platforms and other offshore buildings can be advantageously prepared using the invention. But even on land for example, hotel or office buildings, the invention offers an advantageous.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

ship

11

hull

12

breakthrough

13

deck

14

deck

15

cover sheet

16

frame beams

17

pursuit

18

cabin block

19

cabin

20

manhole

21

cabin block

22

carrying harness

23

cabinet

24

bed

25

image

26

location

27

cabin block

28

Beam

29

deck beam

Claims (9)

1. Residential unit, in particular for offshore applications, preferably on board ships, consisting of a plurality of cabins (19) disposed on top of each other and/or in side-by-side relationship, to which one or several service and/or waste-disposal lines, e.g. electric lines, water conduits or sewage conduits, are passed, characterised in that said cabins (19) are combined to form a cabin block (18, 21, 27) having walls, a ceiling and a floor for each cabin (19), and that each cabin block (18, 21, 27) is provided with a common connector for said service and/or waste disposal line.
2. Residential unit according to Claim 1, characterised in that said connector is disposed in the floor region of said cabin block (18, 21, 27).
3. Residential unit according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that said cabin block (18, 21, 27) is retained by a supporting structure.
4. Residential unit according to Claim 3, characterised in that said cabin block (18, 21, 27) is placed on supporting sites or strips (16, 28) of said supporting structure.
5. Residential unit according to Claim 3 or 4, characterised in that said supporting structure comprises a supporting deck (13, 14) that is provided with upwardly oriented stiffening elements (16, 28) on which said cabin block (18, 21, 27) is placed.
6. Ship including a residential unit according to any of the Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that said cabin block (18, 21, 27) is mounted in a ship structure.
7. Ship according to Claim 6, characterised in that said cabin block (18, 21, 27) extends between two adjacent bulkheads.
8. Method of manufacturing a residential unit, in particular for offshore applications, preferably on board ship, wherein a supporting structure having an outside skin (11), bulkheads and a deck (13, 14) provided with upwardly oriented stiffening elements (16, 28) is produced, with a cabin block (18, 21, 27) consisting of several cabins (19) disposed on top of each other and/or in side-by-side relationship, which is prepared outside said structure, being inserted into the prepared structure so far prepared and still open on one side and being fastened on the frame beams (16), and with service and/or waste disposal lines for said cabins (19) being connected via a common connector to said cabin block (18, 21, 27).
9. Method according to Claim 8, wherein a further deck (14) provided with upwardly oriented stiffening elements (16, 28) is installed above a cabin block (18) and a further cabin block (21) is placed and connected thereon.

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