EP1452801A1 - Heating Apparatus for Solid Bulk Fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for heating a heating device, especially a heating furnace, with solid, flowable combustion material, especially wood pellets, comprises a burner (7) containing a combustion chamber arranged above a cinder dump and having an upward-facing flame outlet opening (20) and emptied into the cinder dump via a base-side waste disposal door (21) having a moving closing element (22) provided with primary air openings (34). The closing element is a double-walled hollow plate having an upper wall designed as a slatted plate (36) containing the primary air openings and a lower wall designed as an opening-free closing plate (37) closing the cinder dump off from the combustion chamber. The hollow chamber between the slatted plate and the closing plate is designed as an air channel (44) communicating with an air-loaded pressure chamber and separated by a separating wall (16) from the combustion chamber. The primary air openings lead from the air channel, which communicates with a flow channel (45) leading to a secondary air opening (35).

Description

The invention relates to a device for heating a thermo-technical Apparatus, in particular a boiler, with solid, free-flowing fuel, in particular wood pellets, with a burner, the one above an ashtray arranged, acted upon by the fuel and combustion air Includes combustion chamber having an upwardly facing flame outlet opening and a bottom-side disposal hatch, a movable, with Inlets for primary air provided closure member is associated, in the ashtray is emptied.

In a known arrangement of this type, the closure member is a solid plate formed, which provided with through openings for the primary air is, which is sucked in here over the ashtray. This results only in Area of the passage openings a cooling, with the closure member in contact coming airflow. There is therefore a risk that the closure member forming, massive plate is thermally so heavily loaded, that the life suffers. The consequence of this is a higher maintenance and upkeep. In addition, it may happen that the said plate due to their thermal stress warps, which can affect the mobility. The known arrangement thus proves to be not reliable and reliable enough.

On this basis, it is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a device initially mentioned kind with simple and inexpensive means so too improve that even in rugged conditions high reliability and gentle operation are guaranteed.

This object is achieved in that the disposal hatch associated closure member as a double-walled, containing a cavity Plate is formed, whose upper wall than the passages for the Primary air-containing grate plate and the lower, distanced from this wall as opening-less, the ash chamber opposite the combustion chamber occlusive closure plate is formed, and that between the grate plate and the closure plate formed cavity than with a through a partition wall of the adjacent combustion chamber separated, acted upon with air pressure chamber communicating air duct is formed, of which the passage openings for the primary air go off and the one leading to a secondary air opening Flow channel communicates.

These measures ensure that the cavity between grate plate and closure plate Air is flowed through reliably. The facing the combustion chamber Rostplatte is doing advantageously not only in the area of her Passages for the primary air, but on its entire underside of the flushed by passing air and reliably cooled. This ensures that that the temperature of the grate plate even at a high thermal Load can be kept within a permissible range, which is beneficial on the prevention of wear and the achievement of a long service life. In addition, the reliable cooling of the grate plate is also an undesirable Heat distortion effectively prevented, which is beneficial to the reliability effect. The air flowing through the cavity absorbs heat on, which is advantageously a preheating of an associated Secondary air outlet flowing air results, which is beneficial to the achievement a good post-combustion and thus a good economy. Another advantage of the measures according to the invention can be seen in that an overpressure air supply possible here and an air duct over the Ashes is dispensable, whereby false air are largely suppressed can. It is also possible, the ash chamber over the entire boiler cross-section in one piece training, which not only simplifies the disposal of ash, but in Advantageously, an attachment of the burner according to the invention at different Pages of the thermal device allows.

Advantageous embodiments and expedient further developments of the parent Measures are specified in the subclaims.

Thus, the plate forming the closure member expedient than in the area of his Side slidably mounted slider be formed. Because of the good Cooling ensures a smooth arrangement. The slider can therefore shifted with a relatively low force substantially noiseless become. During the reciprocating movement of the slider this can be easily stripped off. The slide is therefore expedient one associated with stationary stripping device.

In a further development of the higher-level measures, the burner housing is at least in the disposal hatch associated, lower area double-walled, wherein the clear distance of each one to form the Entsorgungsluke provided window recess containing walls of the thickness of the Closing organ-forming slide corresponds. This allows in an advantageous manner Make a simple storage of the slide while ensuring a reliable sealing of the combustion chamber with respect to the ash compartment, so that no False air is to be feared and a resuscitation of the ashes is omitted.

A further advantageous measure may be that the burner housing a subsequent to the lower double-walled area, front double-walled Area has, the interior of which in the region of the flame outlet opening provided secondary air opening leading flow channel forms. Here, in an advantageous manner, the secondary air duct in the housing structure integrated, which results in a simple design. At the same time this is also a reliable cooling of the front wall portion of the burner housing reached.

In further training of this idea, the burner housing can also in its upper Be formed double-walled area, the interior of this double-walled Area communicates with the pressure room and one in the area of Flammaustrittsöffnung provided further secondary air opening leads. hereby also results in the upper wall portion of the burner housing a reliable Cooling.

Advantageously, the upper, double-walled area of a feed chute for be penetrated by the fuel, which is in the region of the interspace of the double-walled area is provided with air inlet openings. The over this Air outflow openings air advantageously forms a barrier air against high rising heat and dust particles, which increases the operational safety.

Suitably, the burner housing is designed as a box-shaped steel component, provided with an outer mounting flange and hereby at an associated Mounting flange of the heat engineering device can be attached. The usage of steel gives a high strength and leads to a self-supporting arrangement, which is attachable to any suitable mounting flange, which is a high versatility and a simple interchangeability results.

Further advantageous embodiments and expedient developments of the parent Measures are specified in the remaining subclaims and out the following example description with reference to the drawing closer.

Figur 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Brenner versehenen Heizkessels teilweise im Schnitt,

Figur 2

einen Längsschnitt durch den Brenner der Anordnung gemäß Figur 1 in gegenüber Figur 1 vergrößerter Darstellung,

Figur 3

einen Querschnitt durch die Anordnung gemäß Figur 2,

Figur 4

den vorderen Randbereich des doppelwandigen Verschlussorgans der Anordnung gemäß Figur 2,

Figur 5

eine Draufsicht auf den vorderen Randbereich der oberen Rostplatte der Anordnung gemäß Figur 4 und

Figur 6

einen unteren Randbereich des die obere Brennerwandung durchgreifenden Zuführschachts der Anordnung gemäß Figur 2 in demgegenüber vergrößerter Darstellung.

In the drawing described below:

FIG. 1

a schematic representation of a boiler provided with a burner according to the invention partly in section,

FIG. 2

3 shows a longitudinal section through the burner of the arrangement according to FIG. 1 in an enlarged illustration compared to FIG.

FIG. 3

a cross section through the arrangement of Figure 2,

FIG. 4

the front edge region of the double-walled closure member of the arrangement according to FIG. 2,

FIG. 5

a plan view of the front edge region of the upper grate plate of the arrangement according to Figure 4 and

FIG. 6

a lower edge region of the upper burner wall by cross-feeding shaft of the arrangement of Figure 2 in contrast enlarged view.

The boiler 1 on which the figure is based contains one above an ash space 2 arranged furnace chamber 3, above which a for heating water provided heat exchanger 4 is located. In the downwardly open flues of the heat exchanger 4 are actuated by means of a pivot lever 5 cleaning slide 6 arranged.

In the furnace chamber 3 projects a burner 7, which at an associated insertion opening extensive mounting flange 8 of the boiler 1 is flanged. Of the Burner 7 has a housing made of interconnected steel plates 9, with an outer, on the mounting flange 8 can be brought to bear retaining flange 10 is provided. The boiler 1 can with several, the furnace chamber. 3 be assigned assigned insertion openings. In the example shown are two provided mutually opposite insertion openings, so that the burner 7 is optionally attachable to different sides of the boiler 1. The each not occupied with a burner 7 insertion opening is by an am associated mounting flange 8 attached lid 11 is closed, the Outer contour and hole pattern of the outer contour and the hole pattern of the retaining flange 10 correspond. The ashtray 2 extends undivided over the whole Cross section of the boiler 1. The burner 7 is therefore independent which side of the boiler 1 it is mounted in the ashtray 2 disposable, which facilitates the transfer of the burner 7 from one side to the other. the Ashtray 2 is associated with a removable ash pan 12, with a can be provided tightly closed lid.

The burner 7 is for the combustion of solid, free-flowing fuel, like pellets made of wood, etc., furnished. This is about a chute 13 fed, with its lower end in a rear, from the Furnace space 3 protruding portion of the housing 9 of the burner 7 engages. Of the Chute 13 is at its upper end via a rotary valve 14 with a Conveyor screw 15 connected, via which in a silo, etc. stored Fuel can be introduced. The opposite the outer wall of the heat technical device outwardly projecting portion of the burner 7 together Auxiliary units is within a subsequent to the heat engineering device 1 Housing 57 protected.

The interior of the housing 9 of the burner 7 is, as best seen in Figure 2 is, through a partition wall 16 in a fire side 17 and a pressure chamber 18 divided. The fire side 17 is at its front, lower end for formation a combustion chamber 19 deepened trough-shaped. The combustion chamber 19 has a in essentially upwardly facing, in the furnace chamber 3 opening out Flame outlet opening 20 through which the fire can escape into the furnace chamber 3. At the bottom of the combustion chamber 19 is a closable Entsorgungsluke 21st provided, on the combustion residues, etc. in the underneath Ashtray 2 can be dropped.

The Entsorgungsluke 21 is associated with a movable closure member, the front each firing operation to open the Entsorgungsluke 21 is actuated. The closing organ is here as slidably mounted on the side edges slide 22nd educated. For moving the slider 22, a linear motor 23 is provided, the one connected to the slider 22, the rear wall 24 of the burner housing 9 thorough push and pull rod 25 cooperates. The linear motor 23 is received on a voltage applied to the support flange 10 carrier 26.

The combustion chamber 19 can be acted upon with fuel and combustion air. The over the chute 13, with its lower end a rear, outside of the furnace chamber 3 located area of the fire-side top of the Burner housing 9 passes through, arriving fuel is connected to the lower end of the chute 13 subsequent slide 27 into the combustion chamber 19th thrown in, as indicated at 28. The inserted fuel forms a on the slide 22 resting bed 29, at the beginning of a Burning is ignited by the supply of hot air. This is a Hot air blower 30 is provided, the one to the rear wall 24 and the pressure chamber 18th penetrating, opening into the combustion chamber 19 pipe 31 is connected. Once the fuel is ignited, the hot air blower 30 is passivated, wherein the heater and the fan are switched off against each other delayed. After ignition, the combustion air by a fan 32nd provided, which is attached to the rear wall 24 and into the pressure chamber 18th empties. In the hot air blower 30 is also in the passivated state a lighter Draft generated. For this purpose, an outgoing from the pressure chamber 18, for Hot air blower 30 leading shorting line 33 is provided.

To ensure good, complete combustion of the fuel the combustion air is supplied in the form of primary air and secondary air. The Primary air is the combustion chamber 19 from below on the bottom side Air inlet openings 34 supplied. The secondary air is over in the range of lower and upper edges of the flame outlet opening 20 provided Secondary air outlet openings 35 supplied.

For supplying the primary air is that of the disposal hatch 21 associated closure member, through which the combustion chamber 19 on the bottom side of it below Ashtray 2 is separated, forming slide 22 as a double-walled hollow plate formed, the upper wall than the air passage openings 34 for the Primary air containing grate plate 36 and their distance therefrom lower wall are formed as recess-free closure plate 37. The Air passage openings 34 can easily as holes or slots, etc. be educated. The housing 9 of the burner 7 is two-walled on the bottom side formed, wherein the distance of the upper combustion chamber side wall 38 of the lower, ash-space-side wall 39 of the thickness of the slider 22 forming Hollow plate corresponds, so that the slider 22 with the closure plate 37 at the bottom wall 38 and with the grate plate 36 on the upper wall 39 of the bottom, double-walled portion of the housing 9 is applied. The walls 38, 39 are provided with stacked, window-like recesses 40, which at removed closure member form the disposal hatch 21. The lower wall 38 goes through to the rear wall 24, which can be attached thereto. The upper wall 39 may end at the partition 16. In the area of the pressure chamber 18 can with the upper wall 39 aligned, lateral guide rails 58 for guiding the slider 22 may be provided.

The slider 22 forming the closure member is, as best seen in FIG is, over the entire width of the housing 9 through and is with its lateral Edges guided on the side walls 41 of the housing 9. The respectively assigned Recess 40 bounding edge webs of the walls 38, 39 form the slider 22 associated, lateral support strips. The back and forth movable Slider 22 is associated with a stationary stripping device 56, which is the top clears the slide 22, if this is moved under it. in the the example shown acts the lower end of the partition 16, here the rear edge of the window-shaped recess 40 of the upper wall 39 of the housing-side bottom portion, as assigned to the slider 22, stationary scraper.

In the figure 2 underlying operating position, in which the disposal hatch 21 is closed, the slider 22 is located with its front end on a housing side Front wall on. The rear portion of the slider 22 protrudes slightly in the pressure chamber 18, which receives the slider 22 in the retracted state and accordingly in the direction of the slider movement, at least one of Sliding distance corresponding clear width. The grate plate 36 and the Closure plate 37 of the slide 22 are, as best seen in Figure 4, screwed together by connecting screws 42, the spacers 43rd succeed. One of the spacer elements can, as indicated in Figure 2 right, be formed as an eyelet, which may be connected to the pull rod 25. The through the spacers 43 caused distance of the grate plate 36 of the Closure plate 37 results in a cavity. This is from the pressure chamber 18 ago accessible and can be acted upon with air and serves accordingly as an air duct 44, via which the air inlet openings 34 of the grate plate 36 supplied with air be that enters the combustion chamber 19 as primary air.

At the lower double-walled portion of the housing 9 closes, as seen from Figure 2 can be seen, a front, double-walled area, whose interior 45 communicates on the one hand with the air duct 44 of the slider 22 and on the other extends to the front secondary air opening 35 and accordingly as a flow channel for the secondary secondary air opening 35 to be supplied secondary air serves. The slider 22 is in the operating position, as already mentioned above was, with its front end sealingly adjoining the lower wall 38, outer front wall 46 of the housing 9 at. This has one here inclined course on. The closure plate 37 is, like Figures 2 and 4 be recognized, in the region of its leading edge according to the inclination of Beveled front wall 46, so that results in a whopping plant.

The upper grate plate 36 of the slider 22 is at its front edge, as on best seen in Figure 5, with a continuous over the entire width Tooth contour 47 provided. In the area between the teeth arise Durchströmkanäle 48. Even if the grate plate 36 with its front edge the front wall 46 starts, therefore, there is a flow connection between the slide-side air duct 44 and acting as a flow channel interior 45 of the front, double-walled housing area. The the slider side Air channel 44 flowing air cools the air duct 44 bounding plates, here in particular the upper grate plate 36 and is thereby heated itself, so preheated at the hereby acted upon secondary air opening 35 Secondary air is provided, giving a particularly good combustion results.

Also, the upper portion of the housing 9 is, as Figure 2 further reveals, double-walled design. The interior 49 of this upper, double-walled area is directly accessible from the pressure chamber 18 and leads to the in the area of Rear edge of the flame outlet opening 20 provided secondary air opening 35. The interior 49 of the upper double-walled area functions accordingly also as a flow channel for secondary air. The by the Interior 49 formed by the flow channel flowing air cools the upper Limitation of the flame side 17 and is preheated in the desired manner.

The lower end of the chute 13 passes through the upper, double-walled Wall area in the area behind the retaining flange 10. In the area of Interior 49 of this double-walled wall portion has the chute 13, As can be seen from Figure 6, radial Lufteintrittsöffnun gene 50. The above the space 49 flowing air acts as a sealing air, the one Climbing up of heat and dust in the chute 13 counteracts. The Air inlet openings may be formed as holes or slots, etc. Also, an embodiment as indicated in Figure 2 right would be conceivable in which the Wall of the chute 13 has edge recesses.

The side walls 41 of the box-shaped burner housing 9 are, as shown in FIG recognizable, single-walled. Suitably, the side walls 41, as Figure 3 on shows, in the region of the combustion chamber 19 on its inside with chamotte plates 51st armored. For holding the chamotte plates 51, the upper wall 39 of the bottom side, double-walled area with a window-shaped recess 40th laterally limiting, upwardly directed bend 52 provided together forms a receiving groove with the adjacent side wall 41. Advantageous can, as can be seen from Figure 2, and the front-side boundary of the combustion chamber 19 be armored by an applied fireclay plate 53. The chamotte plates 51, 53 are simply loosely inserted.

The formed by steel plates side walls 41 of the housing 9 are through the also formed as steel plates walls of the upper and lower or bridged front double wall areas and through the partition 16. This Transverse walls are suitably welded to the side walls 41. To the To simplify welding process, the transverse walls can expediently at least be partially zeckt with the side walls 41. This applies primarily to the inner walls of the upper and lower double wall areas and the partition wall 16. The rear wall 24, which serves as a mounting platform for the required auxiliary equipment acts, is suitably releasably attachable. In the example shown, the Rear wall 24, the push and pull rod 25, the hot air blower 30, the fan 32 and a light sensor 54. This is used to monitor the burning process in the combustion chamber 19. The rear wall 24 and the partition wall 16 are therefore with the optical axis of the light sensor 54 aligned sight holes 55 are provided.

Claims (10)

Device for heating a heat-technical device, in particular a boiler, with solid, free-flowing fuel, in particular wood pellets, with a burner (7) which contains a combustion chamber (19), which is arranged above an ash compartment (2) and can be charged with the fuel and combustion air, which has an upwardly pointing flame outlet opening (20) and can be emptied into the ashtray (2) via a bottom-side disposal hatch (21), which is assigned a movable closure element (22) provided with throughflow openings (34) for primary air, characterized in that the closure member (22) associated with the disposal hatch (21) is designed as a double-walled plate containing its upper wall as the grate plate (36) containing the primary air containing openings (34) and the lower wall thereof as the open space, the ashtray (2) Closing with respect to the combustion chamber (19) plate (37) is formed, and in that the cavity formed between the grate plate (36) and the closure plate (37) communicates with a pressurized air space (18) separated by a partition (16) from the adjacent combustion chamber (19) Air duct (44) is formed, from which the passage openings (34) for the primary air depart and which communicates with a to a secondary air opening (35) leading flow channel (45). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the closure member (22) is designed as slidably mounted in the region of its side edges slide, which is preferably connected to a rear push rod (25) which actuated by means of a arranged in the burner rear side linear motor (23) is. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the burner (7) has a box-shaped housing (9), at least in the disposal hatch (21) associated, the lower region is double-walled, wherein the clear distance of each one to form the Disposal hatch (21) provided window recess (40) containing walls (38, 39) of this double wall region corresponds to the thickness of the closure member (22) forming slide. Device according to one of the preceding claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the closure member (22) forming the slide is associated with a cooperating with its top stripping (56), preferably by the window recess (40) of the upper wall (39) delimiting , Lower edge region of the partition wall (16) is formed. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (9) has an adjoining the lower double-walled region, the front double-walled area, the interior of the air duct (44) of the closure member (22) with the in the region of the front edge of At least the upper grate plate (36) of the closure member (22) in the region of its front edge has a tooth contour (47) preferably at least the upper grate plate (36) of the closure member (20) provided secondary flame opening (35). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (9) is double-walled in its upper region, whose interior space (49) forms a pressure chamber (18) with a secondary air opening (20) provided in the region of the rear edge of the flame outlet opening (20). 35) connecting the flow channel and which is preferably penetrated by a feed chute (13) for the fuel, which is provided in the region of the intermediate space (49) with at least one air inlet opening (50). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the burner (7) has a box-shaped, designed as a steel component housing (9) provided with a peripheral mounting flange (10) and hereby at an associated mounting flange (8) of the heat engineering Appliance is attachable and that outside the heat-technical device (1) located rear wall (24) of the housing (9) is designed as a support for the burner (7) associated auxiliary units. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that under the in the heat engineering device (1) projecting portion of the burner (7) provided ashes space (2) over the entire cross-section of the heat engineering device (1) is undivided and that the heat engineering device (1) has at least two burner insertion openings, which are preferably located opposite each other and are enclosed by a mounting flange (8). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side walls (41) and the partition wall (16) opposite the front wall of the combustion chamber (19) by a respective chamotte plate (51 or 53) are covered. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that from the heat-technical device (1) outstanding region of the burner (7) to the thermo-technical device (1) adjoining housing (57) is associated.

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