EP1452665B1 - Wooden flooring system - Google Patents

Wooden flooring system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1452665B1
EP1452665B1 EP03100449A EP03100449A EP1452665B1 EP 1452665 B1 EP1452665 B1 EP 1452665B1 EP 03100449 A EP03100449 A EP 03100449A EP 03100449 A EP03100449 A EP 03100449A EP 1452665 B1 EP1452665 B1 EP 1452665B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base
component
planks
support
height
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03100449A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1452665A1 (en
Inventor
Raphael Pieters
Juan De Vinck
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DE VINCK, JUAN
PIETERS, RAPHAEL
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to ES03100449T priority Critical patent/ES2327725T3/en
Priority to DE60327688T priority patent/DE60327688D1/en
Priority to AT03100449T priority patent/ATE431884T1/en
Priority to EP03100449A priority patent/EP1452665B1/en
Publication of EP1452665A1 publication Critical patent/EP1452665A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1452665B1 publication Critical patent/EP1452665B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02044—Separate elements for fastening to an underlayer
    • E04F2015/0205—Separate elements for fastening to an underlayer with load-supporting elongated furring elements between the flooring elements and the underlayer
    • E04F2015/02066—Separate elements for fastening to an underlayer with load-supporting elongated furring elements between the flooring elements and the underlayer with additional fastening elements between furring elements and flooring elements
    • E04F2015/02077—Separate elements for fastening to an underlayer with load-supporting elongated furring elements between the flooring elements and the underlayer with additional fastening elements between furring elements and flooring elements the additional fastening elements located in-between two adjacent flooring elements
    • E04F2015/02094—Engaging side grooves running along the whole length of the flooring elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0511—Strips or bars, e.g. nailing strips

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wooden floor system comprising at least two wooden boards adapted to be arranged side by side and each having edges which are provided with grooves extending in the direction of the length of the boards; and at least one piece for fastening the boards to a support, each part having a U-shaped profile, forming a base and two branches; at the top of each of the branches being a wing oriented towards the outside of the U, able to be inserted into the groove of one of the boards; each wing forming at rest an angle u less than 90 degrees with respect to the branch at the top of which it is located; each piece at rest defining a difference in height h 1 between the lowest point of each of its wings and its base, and a difference in height h 2 between the top of each of its branches and its base; each piece further defining, when the boards are fixed to the support by the at least one piece, a difference in height h 3 between the lowest point of each of its wings and its base; each height difference h 1 being smaller than the corresponding difference in height
  • the first lies in the fact that the fastening means are not or little apparent once the floor system assembled while allowing a provision with a small spacing between them boards side by side, which is a desirable aesthetic advantage.
  • the invisible fastening means are often called invisible, even if, at a certain angle, the fasteners can be visible through the spacing of the boards.
  • the second advantage lies in the fact that the boards must not be pierced or penetrated by fastening means such as nails or screws, which prevents any infiltration or rise of water by capillarity which could cause a rapid deterioration of wood and an unwanted degradation of the floor. This second advantage is particularly important in the case of wooden floor system for outdoor terrace, where the presence of water due for example to the rain can be abundant.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a wooden floor system which, on the one hand, generally has, under normal use conditions, neither clearance between the wings of the fastener and the boards, nor tearing wings or detachment of the fastener or boards, following contractions or expansions of the wood over time, and on the other hand, the mounting operation is simple.
  • the wooden floor system according to the invention is characterized in that, when the boards are fixed to the support by the at least one piece, each wing is supported in the groove of one of the boards substantially at one point and each difference in height h 3 is smaller than the corresponding height difference h 2 .
  • the third problem of the floor system described in the application for European patent EP 1106842 A1 is the complexity of the editing operation of it. Indeed, after partially screwing the screws, it is necessary to lay the wooden boards between the rows of screws partially screwed, introduce the fasteners by sliding them inside the grooves and around the screw and finally complete the screwing with a special tool until a sufficient blocking of the boards by the piece. This is a delicate process, which also includes, at least in the particular embodiment of the floor system of the prior art document in which the edges of the grooves are inclined downwards and the wings upwards, a additional difficulty.
  • the wooden floor system according to the invention when the boards are fixed to the support by the at least one part, that is to say once the assembly operation of the system is completed, the wooden floor system according to the invention is such that each wing, having undergone during the mounting an elastic deformation, having caused it to be oriented at an angle greater than the angle it had at rest, tends to return to the orientation it had at rest and, in this way, exerts a downward holding force and pinches the board portion under the groove on which said wing bears.
  • the elasticity of each wing that is to say the fact that it is deformable and not rigid, allows to block a board between its support and the point of support of said wing without play possible, even after expansion or contraction of the wood to a certain extent.
  • each wing and its tendency to return to its initial orientation generates a force that can be exerted only by the existence of a lever arm from the top of the corresponding branch of the U, it is that to which said wing is attached, at the point of support of said wing in the corresponding groove, that is to say that on which the wing rests.
  • the lever arm and the associated bending moment generate a force due to the fact that each wing bears in a groove substantially at one point, this fulcrum being preferably quite far from the top of the U-branch, or even end of the wing.
  • a combination of complementary elements is necessary so that the desired effect of blocking the boards under the effect of the elasticity of the wings can be correctly obtained.
  • the fulcrum of each wing in a groove remains sufficiently far from the top of the corresponding branch whatever the expansion of the wood, at least in normal conditions of use.
  • the length of the lever arm remains important and the bending moment also results. It is therefore important that at any time the inclination of a wing remains lower than the inclination of the lower edge of the corresponding groove, to prevent a point of the wing located between the expected point of support said wing does not abut against the groove and thereby shorten substantially the length of the lever arm.
  • the base of the fastener is sufficiently rigid so that the deformation of said fastener caused by a dilation of the wood is essentially at the right of the link between the wing and the branch of the U and not in the base.
  • each difference in height h 3 is smaller. than the corresponding height difference h 2 .
  • the grooves of the boards are provided with a chamfer facilitating the insertion of the wings during assembly.
  • the assembly operation of the wooden floor system according to the invention is thereby simplified.
  • the Fig. 1a shows a schematic representation of the profile of an exemplary fastener (2) at rest of the wooden floor system according to the invention.
  • the profile of said fastener (2) is U-shaped, the U comprising a base (4) and two branches (6).
  • At the end of each leg (6) of the U is a wing (8) oriented towards the outside of the U and forming an angle, respectively identified by u and u 'for each of the two wings (8), less than 90 degrees with respect to the corresponding branch (6).
  • an opening (10) is provided in the base (4) of the piece (2) for the passage of the fastening means (12) of the workpiece (2) to the support (18). It will be clear to those skilled in the art that although the presence of this opening (10) is a preferred solution, a similar solution without opening is possible.
  • floor system is to be understood to mean any assembly of boards (14) side by side, whether it be for example a conventional floor or a parquet, horizontally or inclined, freestanding or no, and that the assembly of boards (14) is mounted outside or inside, for example for a covered terrace or not or along a swimming pool.
  • fastening means (12) must be understood to mean any element enabling the fastening part (2) and the support (18) to be substantially secured in conditions normal use.
  • fixing means (12) may for example be one or more screws, one or more nails, one or more staples or any other fastening means, even if the presence of a screw is the preferred solution in order to avoid that the base (4) of the fastening part (2) does not rise under the effect of the expansion of the wood, which acts in the manner of a presser foot.
  • planks (14) of exotic wood such as Ipe or Padouk from Africa, or of native softwood such as larch or pine, were subjected for a week to the following climatic conditions: a relative humidity of 30% and an air temperature of 25 degrees, a relative humidity of 90 percent and an air temperature of 15 degrees, a relative humidity of 60 percent and an air temperature of 15 degrees.
  • the system behaved in the expected way, that is to say without tearing or creating a game.
  • the total area of the surface formed by the at least one opening (10) in the surface of the base (4) is preferably as small as possible to ensure sufficient rigidity of the base (4) of the workpiece (2) for the reasons mentioned above.
  • said total area is advantageously less than a quarter of the area of the surface of said base (4).
  • Through the base (4) of each piece (2) is only one opening (10).
  • This opening (10) is therefore preferably small and compact, that is to say for example of substantially circular shape, preferably less than 10 mm in diameter, or even less than 8 mm or a diameter equal to about 5 mm .
  • said support (18), for its part, or load-bearing structure of the floor may for example consist of a plurality of joists, rafters or any base, possibly pre-drilled for the passage of the fastening means (12), and comprising a metal frame or not.
  • the joists are preferably made of wood among the tatajuba, the pine and the bankirai.
  • the radius of the bend binding each wing (8) is for example and preferably equal to about twice the thickness of the sidewall, in order to limit the internal tensions induced during stamping.
  • the Fig. 1b schematically represents the piece (2) of the Fig. 1a seen from above.
  • the Fig. 2a shows schematically, in an exemplary mounting operation, the workpiece (2), the support (18) on which said workpiece (2) is able to be fixed and the boards (14) whose edges are provided with grooves (16), which each define a lower lip and an upper lip in a song of a board (14). More specifically, the piece (2) is shown when the wings (8) rise following the displacement of the boards (14) in the direction indicated by the horizontal arrows shown dashed.
  • the displacement of the boards (14) can be caused by the fact that the person who assembles the system pushes on said boards (14) to fit the wings (8) in the grooves (16).
  • the direction of elevation movement of the wings (8) during nesting is indicated on the Fig. 2a by the two arrows up and dotted.
  • the grooves (16) comprise a chamfer at their lower edge. This chamfer facilitates assembly and is preferably such that its lower edge is at a height less than h 1 .
  • the boards (10), or blades are for example exotic wood such as izza, padouk or native wood such as larch or pine, optionally treated in an autoclave, resinous or not, hard or soft. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the boards (10) may be any wood without departing from the invention described herein. Exotic woods such as Ipe and paduk are preferred because they have less expansion than native woods such as larch or pine, although tests show that the system works well in both cases. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, in the case of native wood, grooves may optionally be hollowed longitudinally in the lower surface of boards (14) to reduce or prevent tiling of said boards (14) which could appear when dilating the wood.
  • the piece (2) is first fixed on the support (6) by fastening means (12) and then the interlocking described above is performed.
  • the Fig. 2b schematically represents the boards (16) fixed to the support (18) by the piece (2).
  • the visible distance (20) between the two boards (16) is sufficiently small at a time to achieve the desired aesthetic objective of layout quite close to the boards (16) between them and to allow the flow between the boards (16) water in case of rain by example, from the surface of the planks (16) to a possible drainage system.
  • the differences in height h 3 and h 3 are respectively smaller than the differences in height h 2 and h 2 and in addition the wings ( 8) substantially support grooves (16) at one point. This allows as described above the effective application of the bending moment or bending moment of the wings (8).
  • the wings (8) substantially support at one point the grooves (16) is particularly important and is an essential point of the wooden floor system according to the invention.
  • the fulcrum each wing (8) in the groove (16) is preferably but not necessarily at the end of the wing (8) so as to produce an optimum bending moment.
  • a wing (8) in contact over almost its entire length with a groove (16) would most likely cause problems of tearing, deformation of the base (4) or creation of a game as described above.
  • the object of the invention is notably to offer a solution to escape these problems.
  • angles v and v ' which are, like the angles u and u', less than 90 degrees.
  • Said angles v and v ' are the angles of a fastener (2) as described herein between each wing (8) and its corresponding branch (6).
  • the angles v and v 'vary according to the thickness of the lower lip of the boards (14) but are generally less than 90 degrees under normal use conditions. When tightening, these angles v and v 'are close to 90 degrees and may for example require a displacement of the end of the wing of about 0.5 mm.
  • the angles u and u 'are in turn preferably between 80 degrees and 89 degrees, or between 84 degrees and 87 degrees, and preferably about 86 degrees. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the angles described below may depend on the coefficient of radial or axial expansion of the wood or other characteristics thereof, without departing from the invention described herein.
  • the wings (8) may or may not abut against the bottom of the grooves (16) without that this has a significant impact on the principle of the invention.
  • each piece (2) is made of stainless steel, which guarantees a durable resistance to corrosion due to bad weather, but not in any stainless steel.
  • not all stainless steels offer adequate elastic properties and taking any one does not guarantee in any way a sufficient hold of the lower lip of the boards (14).
  • a spring-type stainless steel such as austenitic stainless steel type 301 defined by the standard of the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).
  • the stainless steel in which each fastener (2) is formed contains a carbon concentration of greater than 0.08 percent. The concentration as given herein is a concentration by weight.
  • the fastener is made of austenitic stainless steel type 301 AISI whose work hardening class is C1000, C1150 or C1300, said classes being defined by the European standard EN 10088-2 and corresponding respectively to tensile strengths of 1000 MPa at 1150 MPa, 1150 MPa at 1300 MPa and 1300 MPa at 1500 MPa.
  • the breaking strength ranges as given herein are measured in the long direction on a 20 mm by 80 mm test piece according to EN 10002-1.
  • a steel comprising these features is particularly well suited because of its elasticity so that the wings (8) respond appropriately to the movements of the wood.
  • the fastener (2) has undergone surface heat treatment to improve its mechanical rigidity and possibly its aesthetics.
  • the flanges (8) of each piece (2) rest on a surface substantially horizontal groove (6) of one of the boards (14).
  • substantially horizontal surface of a groove (6) it should be understood that the surface is sufficiently inclined so as to avoid, as far as possible, the pushing of said board (14) during the engagement of the flanges (8) in said groove (6 ) during a mounting operation.
  • This may for example be a groove (6) in which each flange (8) bears on a surface inclined at an angle less than 10 degrees relative to the horizontal, or preferably less than 5 degrees or less than 3 degrees by report horizontally.
  • the base (4) of each piece (2) comprises at least one boss (22) on its surface capable of stiffening said base (4).
  • the base (4) thus stiffened allows the forces on the workpiece (2) due to expansion of the wood are substantially offset by the movement of the wings (8) and not by a deformation of the base (4).
  • bosses (22) two in number, are shown in FIGS. Fig. 1a and 1b .
  • the base (4) of each piece (2) touches the support (18), that is to say either said base (4) is directly in contact with the support (18) or indirectly in contact with the support (18); the support (18), any thin solid element being then interposed between the base (4) of the workpiece (2) and the support (18).
  • the fact that the base (4) touches the support (18) makes it possible to make the base (4) as rigid as possible by clamping the workpiece (2) on the support (18).
  • the first board (14) is first fixed in a conventional manner by embedded screw and corking or through a screwing system upside down. Then, fasteners (2) are fixed partially or completely on the support (18) in specific places, and the second board (14) to be arranged next to the first is pushed or slid against the pieces of attachment (2) already placed so that the wings (8) of the pieces (2) rise slightly and are introduced into the groove (s) (16) of the boards (14). If they were only partially, the fastening screws of the parts (2) to the support (18) are then tightened completely to ensure the maintenance of the assembly and, so on, the boards (14) following are placed side by side to form the floor.
  • This example of a mounting operation is advantageous because it saves time. It will be clear to the skilled person that the boards (14) can also be inclined during assembly to facilitate the introduction of the wings (8) in the grooves (16).
  • said system comprises boards (14) and fasteners (2) adapted to hold against a support (18) said boards (14) despite possible contractions and expansions thereof, while keeping said parts (2) non-apparent, where wings (8) are adapted to be introduced into a groove (16) of one of the boards (14), wherein each wing (8) bears, when the system is assembled, substantially in one point of a groove (16), and where, for each piece (2), the height of the legs (6) is less than the height of the lowest point of the wing (8) corresponding.
  • Such wooden floor systems are particularly well suited for outdoor use, for example for terrace floors.

Abstract

The system has a fixing unit for fixing two boards (14) to a support (18) and wings (8). Each wing (8) takes support on a horizontal surface of a groove (16) of one of the boards (14) in a point when the boards are fixed to the support (18) by the fixing unit (2). A difference of height (h3) between a lowest point of each wing and a base (4) is smaller than a difference of height (h2) between the top of each branch and base.

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention se rapporte à un système de plancher en bois comprenant au moins deux planches en bois aptes à être disposées côte à côte et ayant chacune des chants qui sont pourvus de rainures s'étendant dans le sens de la longueur des planches; et au moins une pièce de fixation des planches à un support, chaque pièce ayant un profil en U, formant une base et deux branches; au sommet de chacune des branches se trouvant une aile orientée vers l'extérieur du U, apte à être insérée dans la rainure d'une des planches; chaque aile formant au repos un angle u inférieur à 90 degrés par rapport à la branche au sommet de laquelle elle se trouve; chaque pièce au repos définissant une différence de hauteur h1 entre le point le plus bas de chacune de ses ailes et sa base, et une différence de hauteur h2 entre le sommet de chacune de ses branches et sa base; chaque pièce définissant en outre, lorsque les planches sont fixées au support par l'au moins une pièce, une différence de hauteur h3 entre le point le plus bas de chacune de ses ailes et sa base; chaque différence de hauteur h1 étant plus petite que la différence de hauteur h3 correspondante.The invention relates to a wooden floor system comprising at least two wooden boards adapted to be arranged side by side and each having edges which are provided with grooves extending in the direction of the length of the boards; and at least one piece for fastening the boards to a support, each part having a U-shaped profile, forming a base and two branches; at the top of each of the branches being a wing oriented towards the outside of the U, able to be inserted into the groove of one of the boards; each wing forming at rest an angle u less than 90 degrees with respect to the branch at the top of which it is located; each piece at rest defining a difference in height h 1 between the lowest point of each of its wings and its base, and a difference in height h 2 between the top of each of its branches and its base; each piece further defining, when the boards are fixed to the support by the at least one piece, a difference in height h 3 between the lowest point of each of its wings and its base; each height difference h 1 being smaller than the corresponding difference in height h 3 .

État de la techniqueState of the art

De tels systèmes de plancher en bois sont bien connus dans l'état de la technique et présentent un certain nombre d'avantages. Le premier réside dans le fait que les moyens de fixation ne sont pas ou peu apparents une fois le système de plancher assemblé tout en permettant une disposition avec un faible écartement entre elles des planches côte à côté, ce qui constitue un avantage esthétique recherché. Dans le métier, par hyperbole, les moyens de fixation non apparents sont souvent qualifiés d'invisibles, même si, sous une certain angle, les pièces de fixation peuvent être visibles à travers l'écartement des planches. Le second avantage réside dans le fait que les planches ne doivent être ni percées ni traversées par des moyens de fixation tels que des clous ou vis, ce qui évite toute infiltration ou remontée d'eau par capillarité qui risquerait de provoquer une altération rapide du bois et une dégradation non désirée du plancher. Ce second avantage est particulièrement important dans le cas de système de plancher en bois pour terrasse extérieure, où la présence d'eau due par exemple à la pluie peut être abondante.Such wooden floor systems are well known in the state of the art and have a number of advantages. The first lies in the fact that the fastening means are not or little apparent once the floor system assembled while allowing a provision with a small spacing between them boards side by side, which is a desirable aesthetic advantage. In the art, by hyperbola, the invisible fastening means are often called invisible, even if, at a certain angle, the fasteners can be visible through the spacing of the boards. The second advantage lies in the fact that the boards must not be pierced or penetrated by fastening means such as nails or screws, which prevents any infiltration or rise of water by capillarity which could cause a rapid deterioration of wood and an unwanted degradation of the floor. This second advantage is particularly important in the case of wooden floor system for outdoor terrace, where the presence of water due for example to the rain can be abundant.

De nombreux types de systèmes de plancher en bois sont connus dans l'état de la technique. Par exemple, la demande de brevet européen EP 1106842 A1 , lequel correspond aux caractéristiques selon le préambule de la revendication 1 annexée, décrit un système de plancher, dont la pièce de fixation comprend, d'une part, une ouverture oblongue permettant, après qu'une vis ait été partiellement vissée dans une lambourde du support, le coulissement de la pièce par rapport au support et, d'autre part, des ailes qui, lorsque les planches sont fixées au support par la pièce, sont en contact sur presque toute leur surface avec la partie inférieure de la rainure dans laquelle elles sont chacune insérées.Many types of wooden floor systems are known in the state of the art. For example, the request for European patent EP 1106842 A1 , which corresponds to the features according to the preamble of appended claim 1, describes a floor system, the fastener of which comprises, on the one hand, an oblong opening allowing, after a screw has been partially screwed into a joists of the support, the sliding of the piece relative to the support and, on the other hand, wings which, when the boards are fixed to the support by the workpiece, are in contact over almost their entire surface with the lower part of the groove in which they are each inserted.

Le système de plancher tel que décrit dans la demande de brevet européen EP 1106842 A1 présente plusieurs problèmes. D'une part, il réagit mal aux contractions et dilatations du bois. D'autre part, l'opération de montage de celui-ci est complexe.The floor system as described in the application for European patent EP 1106842 A1 presents several problems. On the one hand, it reacts badly to the contractions and dilations of the wood. On the other hand, the mounting operation of it is complex.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

Le but de l'invention est de fournir un système de plancher en bois qui, d'une part, ne présente généralement, dans des conditions d'utilisation normale, ni jeu entre les ailes de la pièce de fixation et les planches, ni arrachement des ailes, ni détachement de la pièce de fixation ou des planches, suite à des contractions ou dilatations du bois au cours du temps, et dont, d'autre part, l'opération de montage est simple.The object of the invention is to provide a wooden floor system which, on the one hand, generally has, under normal use conditions, neither clearance between the wings of the fastener and the boards, nor tearing wings or detachment of the fastener or boards, following contractions or expansions of the wood over time, and on the other hand, the mounting operation is simple.

A cette fin, sur base du préambule de la revendication 1 annexée, le système de plancher en bois selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que, lorsque les planches sont fixées au support par l'au moins une pièce, chaque aile prend appui dans la rainure d'une des planches substantiellement en un point et chaque différence de hauteur h3 est plus petite que la différence de hauteur h2 correspondante.To this end, based on the preamble of the appended claim 1, the wooden floor system according to the invention is characterized in that, when the boards are fixed to the support by the at least one piece, each wing is supported in the groove of one of the boards substantially at one point and each difference in height h 3 is smaller than the corresponding height difference h 2 .

Pour mieux comprendre l'invention, il est utile d'analyser les problèmes du système de plancher décrit dans la demande de brevet européen EP 1106842 A1 .To better understand the invention, it is useful to analyze the problems of the floor system described in the application for European patent EP 1106842 A1 .

Tout d'abord, dans le système de plancher décrit dans la demande de brevet européen EP 1106842 A1 , suite à une contraction du bois, l'épaisseur des planches diminue et, dès lors, les ailes de la pièce n'entrent plus en contact avec la partie inférieure de la rainure, créant ainsi un jeu entre les ailes de la pièce de fixation et les planches. Ce jeu peut alors lui-même créer un ballottement des planches de plancher, et, avec celui-ci, une instabilité désagréable, des nuisances sonores et une usure prématurée aux points de fixation et de contact avec le support. Une contraction au cours du temps du bois est par exemple causée par des variations d'humidité, par une exposition prolongée au soleil, par des variations de température, par le vieillissement du bois ou à l'effet combiné de ces causes. De telles contractions peuvent être observées de manière saisonnière, c'est-à-dire cyclique, ou de manière structurelle, c'est-à-dire sur le long terme. Ce problème est résolu dans le système de planche selon l'invention grâce à l'élasticité des ailes de la pièce de fixation, comme expliqué plus loin.First, in the floor system described in the application for European patent EP 1106842 A1 following a contraction of the wood, the thickness of the planks decreases and therefore the flanges of the piece no longer come into contact with the lower part of the groove, thus creating a clearance between the flanges of the fastener and the boards. This game can then itself create a sloshing of floorboards, and with it, unpleasant instability, noise and premature wear at the points of attachment and contact with the support. For example, a contraction in the course of time is caused by changes in humidity, prolonged exposure to the sun, changes in temperature, aging of the wood, or the combined effect of these causes. Such contractions may be observed seasonally, i.e., cyclic, or structurally, i.e., long-term. This problem is solved in the board system according to the invention thanks to the elasticity of the wings of the fastener, as explained below.

De la même manière et pour des raisons similaires, toujours dans le système de plancher décrit dans la demande de brevet européen EP 1106842 A1 , le bois subit également des dilatations et les planches subissent des changements d'épaisseur en conséquence. Le deuxième problème du système de plancher décrit dans la demande de brevet européen EP 1106842 A1 est lié à de telles dilatations et à ses effets. Une dilatation du bois entraîne en effet une élévation des ailes de la pièce de fixation, causant une déformation de la base de la pièce, ladite base prenant ainsi une forme concave. Cette déformation peut à partir d'un certain point être permanente, accentuant de ce fait en cas de contraction ultérieure du bois le jeu décrit précédemment ainsi que l'ampleur du ballottement consécutif possible. Dans le cas de dilatations plus importantes, un arrachement des ailes peut également se produire, voire une rupture de la pièce à sa base ou encore un arrachement de la vis du support, entraînant un détachement de planches. Ce problème est également résolu dans le système de planche selon l'invention grâce à l'élasticité des ailes de la pièce de fixation, comme expliqué plus loin.In the same way and for similar reasons, always in the floor system described in the application for European patent EP 1106842 A1 the wood also undergoes expansion and the planks undergo thickness changes accordingly. The second problem of the floor system described in the application for European patent EP 1106842 A1 is related to such dilations and its effects. An expansion of the wood causes indeed an elevation of the wings of the fastener, causing a deformation of the base of the workpiece, said base thus taking a concave shape. This deformation may from a certain point be permanent, thereby accentuating in case of subsequent contraction of the wood the game previously described as well as the magnitude of the consecutive sloshing possible. In the case of larger expansions, wing tearing can also occur, or even a rupture of the piece at its base or a tearing of the screw of the support, causing a detachment of boards. This problem is also solved in the board system according to the invention thanks to the elasticity of the wings of the fastener, as explained below.

Le troisième problème du système de plancher décrit dans la demande de brevet européen EP 1106842 A1 est la complexité de l'opération de montage de celui-ci. En effet, après avoir vissé partiellement les vis, il faut poser les lames de bois entre les rangées de vis partiellement vissées, introduire les pièces de fixation en les faisant coulisser à l'intérieur des rainures et autour de la vis et enfin achever le vissage avec un outil spécial jusqu'à un blocage suffisant des planches par la pièce. Cela constitue un procédé délicat, qui comporte en outre, du moins dans la réalisation particulière du système de plancher du document de l'état de la technique cité dans laquelle les bords des rainures sont inclinés vers le bas et les ailes vers le haut, une difficulté supplémentaire. Cette difficulté supplémentaire réside dans le fait que, lors du vissage final à un chant d'une planche, ladite planche en cours de fixation et non encore fixée à son autre chant a tendance à s'écarter de la pièce vissée sous l'effet de la pression de la pièce sur la pente de la rainure. Ce problème est résolu dans le système de planche selon l'invention grâce à la forme des rainures et grâce à l'élasticité des ailes de la pièce de fixation, comme expliqué plus loin.The third problem of the floor system described in the application for European patent EP 1106842 A1 is the complexity of the editing operation of it. Indeed, after partially screwing the screws, it is necessary to lay the wooden boards between the rows of screws partially screwed, introduce the fasteners by sliding them inside the grooves and around the screw and finally complete the screwing with a special tool until a sufficient blocking of the boards by the piece. This is a delicate process, which also includes, at least in the particular embodiment of the floor system of the prior art document in which the edges of the grooves are inclined downwards and the wings upwards, a additional difficulty. This additional difficulty lies in the fact that, when final screwing to a edge of a board, said board being fixed and not yet fixed to its other edge tends to move away from the screwed piece under the effect of the pressure of the workpiece on the slope of the groove. This problem is solved in the board system according to the invention thanks to the shape of the grooves and thanks to the elasticity of the wings of the fastener, as explained below.

Dans le système de plancher selon l'invention, lorsque les planches sont fixées au support par l'au moins une pièce, c'est-à-dire une fois l'opération de montage du système terminée, le système de plancher en bois selon l'invention est tel que chaque aile, ayant subi durant le montage une déformation élastique, l'ayant amenée à être orientée selon un angle supérieur à l'angle qu'elle avait au repos, tend à revenir à l'orientation qu'elle avait au repos et, de cette façon, exerce une force de retenue vers le bas et pince la partie de planche se trouvant sous la rainure sur laquelle ladite aile prend appui. En d'autres termes, l'élasticité de chaque aile, c'est-à-dire le fait qu'elle soit déformable et non rigide, permet de bloquer une planche entre son support et le point d'appui de ladite aile sans jeu possible, même après une dilatation ou contraction du bois dans une certaine mesure. Plus spécifiquement, ladite élasticité de chaque aile et sa tendance à revenir à son orientation initiale engendre une force qui ne peut s'exercer que par l'existence d'un bras de levier allant du sommet de la branche correspondante du U, c'est-à-dire celle à laquelle ladite aile est attachée, au point d'appui de ladite aile dans la rainure correspondante, c'est-à-dire celle sur laquelle l'aile s'appuie. Le bras de levier et le moment de flexion associé engendrent une force grâce au fait que chaque aile prend appui dans une rainure substantiellement en un point, ce point d'appui étant de préférence assez loin du sommet de la branche du U, voire à l'extrémité de l'aile.In the floor system according to the invention, when the boards are fixed to the support by the at least one part, that is to say once the assembly operation of the system is completed, the wooden floor system according to the the invention is such that each wing, having undergone during the mounting an elastic deformation, having caused it to be oriented at an angle greater than the angle it had at rest, tends to return to the orientation it had at rest and, in this way, exerts a downward holding force and pinches the board portion under the groove on which said wing bears. In other words, the elasticity of each wing, that is to say the fact that it is deformable and not rigid, allows to block a board between its support and the point of support of said wing without play possible, even after expansion or contraction of the wood to a certain extent. More specifically, said elasticity of each wing and its tendency to return to its initial orientation generates a force that can be exerted only by the existence of a lever arm from the top of the corresponding branch of the U, it is that to which said wing is attached, at the point of support of said wing in the corresponding groove, that is to say that on which the wing rests. The lever arm and the associated bending moment generate a force due to the fact that each wing bears in a groove substantially at one point, this fulcrum being preferably quite far from the top of the U-branch, or even end of the wing.

Une combinaison d'éléments complémentaires est nécessaire pour que l'effet désiré de blocage des planches sous l'effet de l'élasticité des ailes puisse être correctement obtenu. D'une part, il est nécessaire que le point d'appui de chaque aile dans une rainure reste suffisamment loin du sommet de la branche correspondante quelque soit la dilatation du bois, du moins dans des conditions normales d'utilisation. De cette façon, la longueur du bras de levier reste importante et le moment de flexion résultant également. Il est donc important qu'à tout moment l'inclinaison d'une aile reste inférieure à l'inclinaison du bord inférieur de la rainure correspondante, afin d'éviter qu'un point de l'aile situé entre le point d'appui escompté de ladite aile ne vienne buter contre la rainure et raccourcir ainsi sensiblement la longueur du bras de levier.A combination of complementary elements is necessary so that the desired effect of blocking the boards under the effect of the elasticity of the wings can be correctly obtained. On the one hand, it is necessary that the fulcrum of each wing in a groove remains sufficiently far from the top of the corresponding branch whatever the expansion of the wood, at least in normal conditions of use. In this way, the length of the lever arm remains important and the bending moment also results. It is therefore important that at any time the inclination of a wing remains lower than the inclination of the lower edge of the corresponding groove, to prevent a point of the wing located between the expected point of support said wing does not abut against the groove and thereby shorten substantially the length of the lever arm.

D'autre part, il est nécessaire que la base de la pièce de fixation soit suffisamment rigide pour que la déformation de ladite pièce de fixation causée par une dilatation du bois ait essentiellement lieu au droit du lien entre l'aile et la branche du U et non dans la base.On the other hand, it is necessary that the base of the fastener is sufficiently rigid so that the deformation of said fastener caused by a dilation of the wood is essentially at the right of the link between the wing and the branch of the U and not in the base.

La combinaison des éléments mentionnés ci-dessus est réalisée dans le système de plancher en bois selon l'invention grâce au fait que, lorsque les planches sont fixées au support par l'au moins une pièce, chaque différence de hauteur h3 est plus petite que la différence de hauteur h2 correspondante.The combination of the above-mentioned elements is achieved in the wooden floor system according to the invention by virtue of the fact that when the boards are fixed to the support by the at least one piece, each difference in height h 3 is smaller. than the corresponding height difference h 2 .

Dans une réalisation particulière du système de plancher en bois selon l'invention, les rainures des planches sont munies d'un chanfrein facilitant l'insertion des ailes lors du montage. L'opération de montage du système de plancher en bois selon l'invention s'en trouve simplifiée grâce à cela.In a particular embodiment of the wooden floor system according to the invention, the grooves of the boards are provided with a chamfer facilitating the insertion of the wings during assembly. The assembly operation of the wooden floor system according to the invention is thereby simplified.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

Ces aspects ainsi que d'autres aspects de l'invention seront clarifiés dans la description détaillée de modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, référence étant faite aux dessins des figures, dans lesquelles :

  • Fig. 1a montre une représentation schématique de profil d'un exemple de pièce de fixation du système de plancher en bois selon l'invention, ladite pièce de fixation étant au repos, c'est-à-dire ses ailes non insérées dans une rainure d'une planche;
  • Fig. 1b montre une représentation schématique vue de haut de la pièce de fixation de la Fig. 1a;
  • Fig. 2a montre une représentation schématique de profil de la pièce de fixation de la Fig. 1a et d'une partie d'une planche, au cours d'une opération de montage du système de plancher en bois selon l'invention;
  • Fig. 2b montre une représentation schématique de profil d'un exemple de la pièce de fixation de la Fig. 2a et d'une partie d'une planche, à la fin d'une opération de montage du système de plancher en bois selon l'invention.
These aspects as well as other aspects of the invention will be clarified in the detailed description of particular embodiments of the invention, reference being made to the drawings of the figures, in which:
  • Fig. 1a shows a schematic representation of an example of a fixing piece of the wooden floor system according to the invention, said fastener being at rest, that is to say its wings not inserted into a groove of a board;
  • Fig. 1b shows a schematic view from above of the fastener part of the Fig. 1a ;
  • Fig. 2a shows a schematic representation of the profile of the fastening piece of the Fig. 1a and a portion of a board, during a mounting operation of the wooden floor system according to the invention;
  • Fig. 2b shows a schematic representation of a profile of an example of the fastener part of the Fig. 2a and a part of a board, at the end of an assembly operation of the wooden floor system according to the invention.

Les figures ne sont pas dessinées à l'échelle. Généralement, des éléments semblables sont dénotés par des références semblables dans les figures.The figures are not drawn to scale. Generally, similar elements are denoted by similar references in the figures.

Description détaillée de modes de réalisation particuliersDetailed description of particular embodiments

La Fig. 1a montre une représentation schématique du profil d'un exemple de pièce de fixation (2) au repos du système de plancher en bois selon l'invention. Le profil de ladite pièce de fixation (2) est en U, le U comprenant une base (4) et deux branches (6). A l'extrémité de chaque branche (6) du U se trouve une aile (8) orientée vers l'extérieur du U et formant un angle, respectivement identifié par u et u' pour chacune des deux ailes (8), inférieur à 90 degrés par rapport à la branche (6) correspondante. En outre, une ouverture (10) est ménagée dans la base (4) de la pièce (2), destinée au passage des moyens de fixation (12) de la pièce (2) au support (18). Il sera clair pour l'homme du métier que, bien que la présence de cette ouverture (10) constitue une solution préférée, une solution semblable sans ouverture est possible.The Fig. 1a shows a schematic representation of the profile of an exemplary fastener (2) at rest of the wooden floor system according to the invention. The profile of said fastener (2) is U-shaped, the U comprising a base (4) and two branches (6). At the end of each leg (6) of the U is a wing (8) oriented towards the outside of the U and forming an angle, respectively identified by u and u 'for each of the two wings (8), less than 90 degrees with respect to the corresponding branch (6). In addition, an opening (10) is provided in the base (4) of the piece (2) for the passage of the fastening means (12) of the workpiece (2) to the support (18). It will be clear to those skilled in the art that although the presence of this opening (10) is a preferred solution, a similar solution without opening is possible.

Sont en outre représentées les différences de hauteur h1, h'1 et h2, h'2, où h1 et h'1 correspondent aux différences de hauteur entre le point le plus bas de chaque aile (8) et la base (4) et h2 et h'2 correspondent aux différences de hauteur entre le sommet de chaque branche (6) et la même base (4).Also shown are the differences in height h 1 , h 1 and h 2 , h 2 , where h 1 and h 1 correspond to the differences in height between the lowest point of each wing (8) and the base ( 4) and h 2 and h ' 2 correspond to the differences in height between the apex of each branch (6) and the same base (4).

Il sera clair pour l'homme du métier qu'il faut entendre par système de plancher tout assemblage de planches (14) côte à côte, que ce soit par exemple un plancher classique ou un parquet, à l'horizontale ou incliné, autoportant ou non, et que l'assemblage de planches (14) soit monté à l'extérieur ou à l'intérieur, par exemple pour une terrasse couverte ou non ou encore le long d'une piscine.It will be clear to the person skilled in the art that the term "floor system" is to be understood to mean any assembly of boards (14) side by side, whether it be for example a conventional floor or a parquet, horizontally or inclined, freestanding or no, and that the assembly of boards (14) is mounted outside or inside, for example for a covered terrace or not or along a swimming pool.

Il sera en outre clair pour l'homme du métier qu'il faut entendre par moyens de fixation (12) tout élément permettant rendre substantiellement solidaire la pièce de fixation (2) et le support (18) dans des conditions normales d'utilisation. Ces moyens de fixation (12) peuvent par exemple être une ou des vis, un ou des clous, une ou des agrafes ou tout autre moyen d'attache, même si la présence d'une vis est la solution préférée afin d'éviter que la base (4) de la pièce de fixation (2) ne se soulève sous l'effet de la dilatation du bois qui agirait à la manière d'un pied-de-biche.It will further be clear to the person skilled in the art that fastening means (12) must be understood to mean any element enabling the fastening part (2) and the support (18) to be substantially secured in conditions normal use. These fixing means (12) may for example be one or more screws, one or more nails, one or more staples or any other fastening means, even if the presence of a screw is the preferred solution in order to avoid that the base (4) of the fastening part (2) does not rise under the effect of the expansion of the wood, which acts in the manner of a presser foot.

Par conditions normales d'utilisation, il faut comprendre ici des conditions de température et d'humidité comme trouvées dans l'environnement d'une terrasse extérieure, c'est-à-dire typiquement des températures de l'air comprises entre moins 40 degrés Celsius et 50 degrés Celsius et des taux d'humidité relative de l'air compris entre 20 pour cent et 100 pour cent. Par exemple et à titre illustratif, des essais concluants en chambre climatique ont été réalisés avec des planches (14) de 85 cm sur 85 cm, fixées sur des chevrons ou fixées sur cadre métallique et chevrons. Ces planches (14) en bois exotique, comme l'ipé ou le padouk d'Afrique, ou en bois indigène résineux, comme le mélèze ou pin, ont été soumises pendant une semaine aux conditions climatiques suivantes : soit une humidité relative de 30 pour cent et une température de l'air de 25 degrés, soit une humidité relative de 90 pour cent et une température de l'air de 15 degrés, soit une humidité relative de 60 pour cent et une température de l'air de 15 degrés. Dans chaque cas, le système s'est comporté de la manière escomptée, c'est-à-dire sans arrachement ni création d'un jeu.By normal conditions of use, it is necessary to understand here temperature and humidity conditions as found in the environment of an outdoor terrace, that is to say typically air temperatures between minus 40 degrees Celsius and 50 degrees Celsius and relative humidity levels between 20 percent and 100 percent. For example and for illustrative purposes, conclusive tests in climatic chamber were made with planks (14) 85 cm by 85 cm, fixed on rafters or fixed on metal frame and rafters. These planks (14) of exotic wood, such as Ipe or Padouk from Africa, or of native softwood such as larch or pine, were subjected for a week to the following climatic conditions: a relative humidity of 30% and an air temperature of 25 degrees, a relative humidity of 90 percent and an air temperature of 15 degrees, a relative humidity of 60 percent and an air temperature of 15 degrees. In each case, the system behaved in the expected way, that is to say without tearing or creating a game.

Il est à noter que l'aire totale de la surface formée par l'au moins une ouverture (10) dans la surface de la base (4) est préférablement aussi petit que possible pour garantir une rigidité suffisante de la base (4) de la pièce (2) pour les raisons mentionnées précédemment. Par exemple, ladite aire totale est avantageusement inférieure à un quart de l'aire de la surface de ladite base (4). Préférablement même, au travers de la base (4) de chaque pièce (2) ne se trouve qu'une seule ouverture (10). Cette ouverture (10) est donc préférablement petite et compacte, c'est-à-dire par exemple de forme substantiellement circulaire, avantageusement de diamètre inférieur à 10 mm, voire inférieur à 8 mm ou encore d'un diamètre égal à environ 5 mm. Il faut en effet par exemple éviter une ouverture (10) qui comprendrait une partie allongée pour une raison quelconque, qui déforcerait alors la base (4) de la pièce (2) et pourrait entraîner une déformation de ladite base (4), rendant consécutivement moindre l'efficacité opérationnelle du moment de flexion des ailes (8), ou même un arrachement au droit de la base (4).It should be noted that the total area of the surface formed by the at least one opening (10) in the surface of the base (4) is preferably as small as possible to ensure sufficient rigidity of the base (4) of the workpiece (2) for the reasons mentioned above. For example, said total area is advantageously less than a quarter of the area of the surface of said base (4). Preferably, through the base (4) of each piece (2) is only one opening (10). This opening (10) is therefore preferably small and compact, that is to say for example of substantially circular shape, preferably less than 10 mm in diameter, or even less than 8 mm or a diameter equal to about 5 mm . For example, it is necessary to avoid an opening (10) which would comprise an elongated part for any reason, which would then deforforce the base (4) of the part (2) and could cause a deformation of said base (4), making it consecutively less operational efficiency of the bending moment of the wings (8), or even tearing at the right of the base (4).

Il sera clair pour l'homme du métier que ledit support (18), quant à lui, ou structure portante du plancher, peut par exemple être constitué d'une pluralité de lambourdes, de chevrons ou d'un socle quelconque, éventuellement prépercée pour le passage des moyens de fixation (12), et comprenant un cadre métallique ou non. Les lambourdes sont préférablement constituées de bois parmi le tatajuba, le pin et le bankirai.It will be clear to those skilled in the art that said support (18), for its part, or load-bearing structure of the floor, may for example consist of a plurality of joists, rafters or any base, possibly pre-drilled for the passage of the fastening means (12), and comprising a metal frame or not. The joists are preferably made of wood among the tatajuba, the pine and the bankirai.

Le rayon du coude liant chaque aile (8) est par exemple et préférablement égal à environ deux fois l'épaisseur du flanc, ceci afin de limiter les tensions internes induites lors de l'emboutissage.The radius of the bend binding each wing (8) is for example and preferably equal to about twice the thickness of the sidewall, in order to limit the internal tensions induced during stamping.

La Fig. 1b représente schématiquement la pièce (2) de la Fig. 1a vue de haut. Sont représentées les deux ailes (8) attachées aux branches (6) dont seule la tranche est visible, lesdites branches (6) étant liées à la base (4). Dans la base (4) est ménagée une ouverture (10) comme mentionnée plus haut.The Fig. 1b schematically represents the piece (2) of the Fig. 1a seen from above. Are represented the two wings (8) attached to the branches (6) of which only the edge is visible, said branches (6) being connected to the base (4). In the base (4) is provided an opening (10) as mentioned above.

La Fig. 2a représente schématiquement, lors d'un exemple d'opération de montage, la pièce (2), le support (18) sur lequel ladite pièce (2) est apte à être fixée et les planches (14) dont les chants sont munies de rainures (16), qui définissent chacune une lèvre inférieure et une lèvre supérieure dans un chant d'une planche (14). Plus spécifiquement, la pièce (2) est représentée lorsque les ailes (8) s'élèvent suite au déplacement des planches (14) dans la direction indiquée par les flèches horizontales représentées en pointillées. Par exemple, le déplacement des planches (14) peut être causé par le fait que la personne qui assemble le système pousse sur lesdites planches (14) pour faire rentrer les ailes (8) dans les rainures (16). Le sens du mouvement d'élévation des ailes (8) lors de l'emboîtement est indiqué sur la Fig. 2a par les deux flèches vers le haut et en pointillées.The Fig. 2a shows schematically, in an exemplary mounting operation, the workpiece (2), the support (18) on which said workpiece (2) is able to be fixed and the boards (14) whose edges are provided with grooves (16), which each define a lower lip and an upper lip in a song of a board (14). More specifically, the piece (2) is shown when the wings (8) rise following the displacement of the boards (14) in the direction indicated by the horizontal arrows shown dashed. For example, the displacement of the boards (14) can be caused by the fact that the person who assembles the system pushes on said boards (14) to fit the wings (8) in the grooves (16). The direction of elevation movement of the wings (8) during nesting is indicated on the Fig. 2a by the two arrows up and dotted.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation particulière du système de plancher selon l'invention représenté sur la Fig. 2a, les rainures (16) comprennent un chanfrein à leur arête inférieure. Ce chanfrein facilite le montage et est préférablement tel que son arête inférieure se trouve à une hauteur inférieure à h1.In the particular embodiment of the floor system according to the invention shown in FIG. Fig. 2a the grooves (16) comprise a chamfer at their lower edge. This chamfer facilitates assembly and is preferably such that its lower edge is at a height less than h 1 .

Les planches (10), ou lames, sont par exemple en bois exotique comme l'ipé, le padouk ou en bois indigène comme le mélèze ou le pin, éventuellement traité en autoclave, résineux ou non, dur ou tendre. Il sera clair pour l'homme du métier que les planches (10) peuvent être constituée d'un bois quelconque sans s'écarter de l'invention décrite ici. Les bois exotiques comme l'ipé et le padouk sont préférés car leur taux de dilatation est moins important que celui des bois indigènes comme le mélèze ou le pin, même si les essais effectués montrent que le système fonctionne correctement dans les deux cas. Il sera clair pour l'homme du métier que, dans le cas du bois indigène, des rainures peuvent éventuellement être creusées longitudinalement dans la surface inférieure des planches (14) afin de réduire ou d'empêcher un tuilement desdites planches (14) qui pourrait apparaître lors de la dilatation du bois.The boards (10), or blades, are for example exotic wood such as ipé, padouk or native wood such as larch or pine, optionally treated in an autoclave, resinous or not, hard or soft. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the boards (10) may be any wood without departing from the invention described herein. Exotic woods such as Ipe and paduk are preferred because they have less expansion than native woods such as larch or pine, although tests show that the system works well in both cases. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, in the case of native wood, grooves may optionally be hollowed longitudinally in the lower surface of boards (14) to reduce or prevent tiling of said boards (14) which could appear when dilating the wood.

Selon une réalisation particulière de l'opération de montage du système de plancher en bois selon l'invention et comme illustré à la Fig. 2a, la pièce (2) est d'abord fixée sur le support (6) par des moyens de fixation (12) et ensuite l'emboîtement décrit précédemment est effectué.According to a particular embodiment of the mounting operation of the wooden floor system according to the invention and as illustrated in FIG. Fig. 2a , the piece (2) is first fixed on the support (6) by fastening means (12) and then the interlocking described above is performed.

La Fig. 2b représente schématiquement les planches (16) fixées au support (18) par la pièce (2). A ce moment l'écart visible (20) entre les deux planches (16) est suffisamment faible à la fois pour atteindre l'objectif esthétique recherché de disposition assez proche des planches (16) entre elles et pour permettre l'écoulement entre les planches (16) de l'eau en cas de pluie par exemple, depuis la surface des planches (16) vers un éventuel système de drainage.The Fig. 2b schematically represents the boards (16) fixed to the support (18) by the piece (2). At this time, the visible distance (20) between the two boards (16) is sufficiently small at a time to achieve the desired aesthetic objective of layout quite close to the boards (16) between them and to allow the flow between the boards (16) water in case of rain by example, from the surface of the planks (16) to a possible drainage system.

Sur la Fig. 2b sont en outre représentées les différences de hauteur h3 et h'3 entre le point le plus bas de chaque aile (8) et la base (4) de la pièce de fixation (2). Ce sont ces différences de hauteur h3 et h'3 qui augmentent faiblement suite aux dilatations du bois et diminuent faiblement suite aux contractions du bois. Ces dites différences de hauteur h3 et h'3 sont respectivement supérieures aux différences de hauteur h1 et h'1 définies précédemment. Cette caractéristique, déjà connue dans l'état de la technique, permet effectivement de garantir un blocage des planches (16) par les ailes (8). Cependant, afin de garantir une continuité dans ledit blocage, ou en d'autres termes afin d'éviter l'apparition d'un jeu comme décrit précédemment, que ce soit suite à une dilation du bois, suite à une contraction du bois ou suite à une succession de dilatations et de contractions du bois, il est en sus nécessaire que les différences de hauteur h3 et h'3 soient respectivement plus petites que les différences de hauteur h2 et h'2 et qu'en outre les ailes (8) prennent appui substantiellement en un point des rainures (16). Ceci permet comme décrit précédemment l'application efficace du moment de flexion ou moment fléchissant des ailes (8).On the Fig. 2b the differences in height h 3 and h ' 3 are furthermore shown between the lowest point of each wing (8) and the base (4) of the fastening piece (2). It is these differences in height h 3 and h 3 that increase slightly due to the expansions of the wood and decrease slightly following the contractions of the wood. These so-called height differences h 3 and h 3 are respectively greater than the height differences h 1 and h 1 defined above. This feature, already known in the state of the art, effectively ensures a blocking boards (16) by the wings (8). However, to ensure continuity in said blockage, or in other words to prevent the appearance of a game as described above, whether due to an expansion of the wood, following a contraction of wood or more at a succession of expansions and contractions of the wood, it is necessary for the differences in height h 3 and h 3 to be respectively smaller than the differences in height h 2 and h 2 and in addition the wings ( 8) substantially support grooves (16) at one point. This allows as described above the effective application of the bending moment or bending moment of the wings (8).

Le fait que les ailes (8) prennent appui substantiellement en un point des rainures (16) est particulièrement important et constitue un point essentiel du système de plancher en bois selon l'invention. Afin d'éviter l'arrachement des ailes (8) ou la déformation importante et non désirée de la base (4), le point d'appui de chaque aile (8) dans la rainure (16) est de préférence mais pas nécessairement à l'extrémité de l'aile (8) de façon à produire un moment fléchissant optimal. Une aile (8) en contact sur presque toute sa longueur avec une rainure (16) engendrerait très probablement des problèmes d'arrachement, de déformation de la base (4) ou de création d'un jeu comme décrit plus haut. Le but de l'invention est notamment d'offrir une solution pour échapper à ces problèmes.The fact that the wings (8) substantially support at one point the grooves (16) is particularly important and is an essential point of the wooden floor system according to the invention. In order to avoid tearing of the wings (8) or the important and unwanted deformation of the base (4), the fulcrum each wing (8) in the groove (16) is preferably but not necessarily at the end of the wing (8) so as to produce an optimum bending moment. A wing (8) in contact over almost its entire length with a groove (16) would most likely cause problems of tearing, deformation of the base (4) or creation of a game as described above. The object of the invention is notably to offer a solution to escape these problems.

Sur la Fig. 2b sont enfin représentées les angles v et v' qui sont, comme les angles u et u', inférieurs à 90 degrés. Lesdits angles v et v' sont les angles d'une pièce de fixation (2) telle que décrite ici compris entre chaque aile (8) et sa branche (6) correspondante. Les angles v et v' varient en fonction de l'épaisseur de la lèvre inférieure des planches (14) mais restent généralement inférieurs à 90 degrés dans des conditions d'utilisation normale. Lors du serrage, ces angles v et v' se rapprochent de 90 degrés et peuvent par exemple imposer un déplacement de l'extrémité de l'aile d'environ 0.5 mm. Les angles u et u' sont quant à eux de préférence compris entre 80 degrés et 89 degrés, ou entre 84 degrés et 87 degrés, et avantageusement d'environ 86 degrés. Il sera néanmoins clair pour l'homme du métier que les angles décrits peuvent ci-dessous dépendre du coefficient de dilatation radial ou axial du bois ou d'autres caractéristiques de celui-ci, sans s'écarter de l'invention décrite ici.On the Fig. 2b are finally represented the angles v and v 'which are, like the angles u and u', less than 90 degrees. Said angles v and v 'are the angles of a fastener (2) as described herein between each wing (8) and its corresponding branch (6). The angles v and v 'vary according to the thickness of the lower lip of the boards (14) but are generally less than 90 degrees under normal use conditions. When tightening, these angles v and v 'are close to 90 degrees and may for example require a displacement of the end of the wing of about 0.5 mm. The angles u and u 'are in turn preferably between 80 degrees and 89 degrees, or between 84 degrees and 87 degrees, and preferably about 86 degrees. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the angles described below may depend on the coefficient of radial or axial expansion of the wood or other characteristics thereof, without departing from the invention described herein.

Il sera également clair pour l'homme du métier que, à la fin de l'opération de montage, les ailes (8) peuvent venir ou non buter contre le fond des rainures (16) sans que cela n'ait d'impact important sur le principe de l'invention.It will also be clear to those skilled in the art that, at the end of the mounting operation, the wings (8) may or may not abut against the bottom of the grooves (16) without that this has a significant impact on the principle of the invention.

En ce qui concerne la composition de la pièce de fixation (2), celle-ci doit comporter des propriétés d'élasticité particulières de façon à correctement et durablement compenser la dilatation et la contraction du bois, en restant généralement dans la zone élastique du matériau, c'est-à-dire sous la limite de déformation plastique, pour les déplacements impliqués par des conditions normales d'utilisation. De préférence, chaque pièce (2) est en acier inoxydable, ce qui garantit une résistance durable à la corrosion due aux intempéries, mais pas en un acier inoxydable quelconque. Tous les aciers inoxydables n'offrent en effet pas des propriétés d'élasticité appropriées et prendre n'importe lequel ne garantit d'aucune manière une retenue suffisante de la lèvre inférieur des planches (14). Il faut par exemple choisir un acier inoxydable de type ressort, comme l'acier inoxydable austénitique de type 301 défini par la norme de l'American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). De préférence mais sans être limitatif, l'acier inoxydable dans lequel est formée chaque pièce de fixation (2) contient une concentration de carbone supérieure à 0,08 pour cent. La concentration telle que donnée ici est une concentration en poids.As regards the composition of the fastener (2), it must have particular elastic properties so as to correctly and durably compensate for the expansion and contraction of the wood, while generally remaining in the elastic zone of the material , ie below the plastic deformation limit, for displacements implied by normal conditions of use. Preferably, each piece (2) is made of stainless steel, which guarantees a durable resistance to corrosion due to bad weather, but not in any stainless steel. In fact, not all stainless steels offer adequate elastic properties and taking any one does not guarantee in any way a sufficient hold of the lower lip of the boards (14). For example, it is necessary to choose a spring-type stainless steel, such as austenitic stainless steel type 301 defined by the standard of the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). Preferably, but without limitation, the stainless steel in which each fastener (2) is formed contains a carbon concentration of greater than 0.08 percent. The concentration as given herein is a concentration by weight.

De préférence également et toujours sans être limitatif, la pièce de fixation est réalisée dans un acier inoxydable austénitique de type 301 AISI dont la classe d'écrouissage est C1000, C1150 ou C1300, lesdites classes étant définies par la norme européenne EN 10088-2 et correspondant respectivement à des charges de rupture de 1000 MPa à 1150 Mpa, de 1150 MPa à 1300 MPa et de 1300 MPa à 1500 MPa. Les fourchettes de résistance à la rupture telles que données ici sont mesurées dans le sens long sur éprouvette de 20 mm sur 80 mm selon la norme EN 10002-1. Un acier comprenant ces caractéristiques est particulièrement bien adapté grâce à son élasticité pour que les ailes (8) répondent de façon appropriée aux mouvements du bois.Also preferably and always without being limiting, the fastener is made of austenitic stainless steel type 301 AISI whose work hardening class is C1000, C1150 or C1300, said classes being defined by the European standard EN 10088-2 and corresponding respectively to tensile strengths of 1000 MPa at 1150 MPa, 1150 MPa at 1300 MPa and 1300 MPa at 1500 MPa. The breaking strength ranges as given herein are measured in the long direction on a 20 mm by 80 mm test piece according to EN 10002-1. A steel comprising these features is particularly well suited because of its elasticity so that the wings (8) respond appropriately to the movements of the wood.

Selon une autre réalisation préférée de l'invention, la pièce de fixation (2) a subi un traitement thermique de surface pour en améliorer ses caractéristiques mécaniques de rigidité et éventuellement son esthétique.According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the fastener (2) has undergone surface heat treatment to improve its mechanical rigidity and possibly its aesthetics.

Pour des pièces d'acier inoxydable telles que décrites ci-dessus, des essais d'arrachement ont démontré la tenue des composantes de l'assemblage sans déformation intempestive de la pièce (2) ni destruction de la lèvre inférieur de la planche (14) dans des conditions normales d'utilisation. La destruction de la lambourde du support (18) s'est produite sous l'effet d'un effort de 2.5 tonnes par mètre carré. Il sera néanmoins clair pour l'homme du métier que les résultats de ces essais ne sont donnés qu'à titre illustratif et ne constituent en aucune manière une restriction au système de plancher en bois selon l'invention.For stainless steel parts as described above, tearing tests have demonstrated the strength of the components of the assembly without inadvertent deformation of the workpiece (2) or destruction of the lower lip of the board (14) under normal conditions of use. The destruction of the support joists (18) occurred under a load of 2.5 tonnes per square meter. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the results of these tests are given for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute in any way a restriction on the wooden floor system according to the invention.

Selon une autre réalisation préférée de l'invention, lorsque les planches (14) sont fixées au support (18) par l'au moins une pièce (2), les ailes (8) de chaque pièce (2) prennent appui sur une surface substantiellement horizontale de la rainure (6) d'une des planches (14). Par surface substantiellement horizontale d'une rainure (6), il faut comprendre surface suffisamment peu inclinée de façon à éviter dans la mesure du possible le repoussement de ladite planche (14) lors de l'emboîtement des ailes (8) dans ladite rainure (6) pendant une opération de montage. Cela peut par exemple être une rainure (6) dans laquelle chaque aile (8) prend appui sur une surface inclinée selon un angle inférieur à 10 degrés par rapport à l'horizontale, ou de préférence inférieure à 5 degrés voire inférieure à 3 degrés par rapport à l'horizontale.According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, when the boards (14) are fixed to the support (18) by the at least one piece (2), the flanges (8) of each piece (2) rest on a surface substantially horizontal groove (6) of one of the boards (14). By substantially horizontal surface of a groove (6), it should be understood that the surface is sufficiently inclined so as to avoid, as far as possible, the pushing of said board (14) during the engagement of the flanges (8) in said groove (6 ) during a mounting operation. This may for example be a groove (6) in which each flange (8) bears on a surface inclined at an angle less than 10 degrees relative to the horizontal, or preferably less than 5 degrees or less than 3 degrees by report horizontally.

Selon une autre réalisation préférée de l'invention, la base (4) de chaque pièce (2) comprend au moins un bossage (22) à sa surface apte à rigidifier ladite base (4). La base (4) ainsi rigidifiée permet que les efforts sur la pièce (2) dus à une dilatation du bois soient essentiellement compensés par le mouvement des ailes (8) et non par une déformation de la base (4). De préférence, il y a deux bossages (22) à la surface de la base (4), par exemple de part et d'autre d'une ouverture unique (10) ou disposées symétriquement par rapport à plusieurs ouvertures (10). De tels bossages (22), au nombre de deux, sont montrés aux Fig. 1a et 1b.According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the base (4) of each piece (2) comprises at least one boss (22) on its surface capable of stiffening said base (4). The base (4) thus stiffened allows the forces on the workpiece (2) due to expansion of the wood are substantially offset by the movement of the wings (8) and not by a deformation of the base (4). Preferably, there are two bosses (22) on the surface of the base (4), for example on either side of a single opening (10) or arranged symmetrically with respect to several openings (10). Such bosses (22), two in number, are shown in FIGS. Fig. 1a and 1b .

Selon une autre réalisation préférée de l'invention, destinée à remplir le même objectif de rigidité de la base (4) comme expliqué plus haut, lorsque les planches (14) sont fixées au support (18) par l'au moins une pièce (2), la base (4) de chaque pièce (2) touche le support (18), c'est-à-dire que soit ladite base (4) est directement en contact avec le support (18) soit indirectement en contact avec le support (18), un élément solide mince quelconque étant alors intercalé entre la base (4) de la pièce (2) et le support (18). Le fait que la base (4) touche le support (18) permet de rendre la base (4) aussi rigide que possible par serrage de la pièce (2) sur le support (18).According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, intended to fulfill the same objective of rigidity of the base (4) as explained above, when the boards (14) are fixed to the support (18) by the at least one piece ( 2), the base (4) of each piece (2) touches the support (18), that is to say either said base (4) is directly in contact with the support (18) or indirectly in contact with the support (18); the support (18), any thin solid element being then interposed between the base (4) of the workpiece (2) and the support (18). The fact that the base (4) touches the support (18) makes it possible to make the base (4) as rigid as possible by clamping the workpiece (2) on the support (18).

Un exemple d'opération de montage du système de plancher en bois selon l'invention est décrit ci-dessous. Dans cet exemple, la première planche (14) est d'abord fixée de manière classique par vis noyée et bouchonnage ou grâce à un système de vissage à l'envers. Ensuite, des pièces de fixation (2) sont fixées partiellement ou complètement sur le support (18) à des endroits bien précis, et la deuxième planche (14) destinée à être disposée à côté de la première est poussée ou glissée contre les pièces de fixation (2) déjà placées de façon à ce que les ailes (8) des pièces (2) s'élèvent légèrement et soient introduites dans la ou les rainures (16) des planches (14). Si elles ne l'ont été que partiellement, les vis de la fixation des pièces (2) au support (18) sont alors serrées complètement afin d'assurer la maintien de l'ensemble et, ainsi de suite, les planches (14) suivantes sont placées côte à côté pour former le plancher. Cet exemple d'opération de montage est avantageux car il permet de réaliser une économie de temps. Il sera clair pour l'homme du métier que les planches (14) peuvent également être inclinées lors du montage afin de faciliter l'introduction des ailes (8) dans les rainures (16).An example of mounting operation of the wooden floor system according to the invention is described below. In this example, the first board (14) is first fixed in a conventional manner by embedded screw and corking or through a screwing system upside down. Then, fasteners (2) are fixed partially or completely on the support (18) in specific places, and the second board (14) to be arranged next to the first is pushed or slid against the pieces of attachment (2) already placed so that the wings (8) of the pieces (2) rise slightly and are introduced into the groove (s) (16) of the boards (14). If they were only partially, the fastening screws of the parts (2) to the support (18) are then tightened completely to ensure the maintenance of the assembly and, so on, the boards (14) following are placed side by side to form the floor. This example of a mounting operation is advantageous because it saves time. It will be clear to the skilled person that the boards (14) can also be inclined during assembly to facilitate the introduction of the wings (8) in the grooves (16).

En résumé, ledit système comprend des planches (14) et des pièces de fixation (2) aptes à maintenir contre un support (18) lesdites planches (14) malgré d'éventuelles contractions et dilatations de celles-ci, tout en gardant lesdites pièces (2) non apparentes, où des ailes (8) sont aptes à être introduites dans une rainure (16) d'une des planches (14), où chaque aile (8) prend appui, lorsque le système est assemblé, substantiellement en un point d'une rainure (16), et où, pour chaque pièce (2), la hauteur des branches (6) est inférieur à la hauteur du point le plus bas de l'aile (8) correspondante. De tels systèmes de plancher en bois sont particulièrement bien adaptés pour un usage extérieur, par exemple pour les planchers de terrasse.In summary, said system comprises boards (14) and fasteners (2) adapted to hold against a support (18) said boards (14) despite possible contractions and expansions thereof, while keeping said parts (2) non-apparent, where wings (8) are adapted to be introduced into a groove (16) of one of the boards (14), wherein each wing (8) bears, when the system is assembled, substantially in one point of a groove (16), and where, for each piece (2), the height of the legs (6) is less than the height of the lowest point of the wing (8) corresponding. Such wooden floor systems are particularly well suited for outdoor use, for example for terrace floors.

Claims (16)

  1. Wooden flooring system comprising
    at least two wooden planks (14) that can be laid side by side and each of which has edge faces which are provided with grooves (16) running in the lengthwise direction of the planks (14); and
    at least one fixing component (2) for fixing the planks (14) to a support (18),
    each component (2) having a U-shaped profile that forms a base (4) and two branches (6);
    there being at the top of each of the branches (6) a flange (8) directed towards the outside of the U, able to be inserted in the groove (16) of one of the planks (14);
    each flange (8) when at rest making with the respective branch (6) a dihedron of angle u;
    each component (2) when at rest defining a difference in height h1 between the lowermost point of each of its flanges (8) and its base (4) and a difference in height h2 between the top of each of its branches (6) and its base (4);
    each component (2) further defining, when the planks (14) are fixed to the support (18) by the at least one component (2), a difference in height h3 between the lowermost point of each of its flanges (8) and its base (4) ;
    each difference in height h1 being smaller than the corresponding difference in height h3;
    characterized in that the said angle u is less than 90°, and
    when the planks (14) are fixed to the support (18) by the at least one component (2),
    each flange (8) presses into the groove (16) in one of the planks (14) substantially at a point; and
    each difference in height h3 is smaller than the corresponding difference in height h2, the base (4) of each component (2) touching the support (18).
  2. System according to Claim 1, characterized in that passing through the base (4) of the U there is at least one opening (10) able to accommodate fixing means (12) for fixing the said component (2) to the support (18).
  3. System according to either one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, when the planks (14) are fixed to the support (18) by the at least one component (2), the flanges (8) of each component (2) press against a substantially horizontal surface of the groove (16) in one of the planks (14).
  4. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base (4) of each component (2) comprises at least one boss (22) on its surface capable of stiffening the said base (4).
  5. System according to Claim 4, characterized in that the said base (4) comprises two bosses (22) on its surface.
  6. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the angle u ranges between 80 degrees and 89 degrees.
  7. System according to Claim 6, characterized in that the angle u ranges between 84 degrees and 87 degrees.
  8. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total area of the surface formed by the at least one opening (10) in the surface of the base (4) of each component (2) represents less than one quarter of the surface area of the said base (4).
  9. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is just one opening (10) through the base (4) of each component (2).
  10. System according to Claim 9, characterized in that the said opening (10) makes a substantially circular shape at the surface of the said base (4).
  11. System according to Claim 10, characterized in that the said shape has a diameter of less than 8 mm.
  12. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each component (2) is made of stainless steel.
  13. System according to Claim 12, characterized in that the stainless steel of each component (2) contains a carbon concentration in excess of 0.08 per cent.
  14. System according to Claim 12, characterized in that each component (2) is made of an austenitic stainless steel of the AISI 301 type.
  15. System according to Claim 14, characterized in that the said austenitic stainless steel of the AISI 301 type has the strain hardening level C1000, C1150 or C1300.
  16. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the planks (2) have a chamfer on a bottom corner of the grooves (16).
EP03100449A 2003-02-25 2003-02-25 Wooden flooring system Expired - Lifetime EP1452665B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES03100449T ES2327725T3 (en) 2003-02-25 2003-02-25 WOOD FLOOR SYSTEM.
DE60327688T DE60327688D1 (en) 2003-02-25 2003-02-25 Wood Floor System
AT03100449T ATE431884T1 (en) 2003-02-25 2003-02-25 WOODEN FLOORING SYSTEM
EP03100449A EP1452665B1 (en) 2003-02-25 2003-02-25 Wooden flooring system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03100449A EP1452665B1 (en) 2003-02-25 2003-02-25 Wooden flooring system

Publications (2)

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EP1452665A1 EP1452665A1 (en) 2004-09-01
EP1452665B1 true EP1452665B1 (en) 2009-05-20

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FR1352653A (en) * 1963-04-05 1964-02-14 United Carr Fastener Corp Device for butt joining of building elements such as floors, walls, ceilings
FR2630149B1 (en) * 1988-04-18 1993-03-26 Placoplatre Sa INSTALLATION ACCESSORY FOR COVERING PANEL, PARTICULARLY FLOOR PANEL
EP0627562A1 (en) * 1993-06-01 1994-12-07 SIEMENS SOLAR GmbH Clamp for fixing plate elements on a base
DE29507264U1 (en) * 1995-05-02 1995-09-21 Gudermann Adolf Support and connecting profile spring rail with drainage function for the construction of wooden terraces, balconies, platforms etc.
DE29607962U1 (en) * 1996-05-02 1996-07-18 Rodriguez Lopez Julio Fastening device for wooden floors outdoors
FR2801943B1 (en) 1999-12-03 2002-02-08 Didier Faure DEVICE FOR ASSEMBLING WITHOUT A VIS SCREW FOR WOOD BLADES

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU502159B1 (en) 2022-05-24 2023-11-30 Sinrj Invest S A R L Board assembly system
BE1030562A1 (en) 2022-05-24 2023-12-18 Sinrj Invest S A R L Board assembly system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2327725T3 (en) 2009-11-03
ATE431884T1 (en) 2009-06-15
EP1452665A1 (en) 2004-09-01
DE60327688D1 (en) 2009-07-02

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