EP1452629A2 - Production method for a filament yarn and corresponding device - Google Patents

Abstract

The assembly for melt spinning filaments, with a number of components, has a capillary (25a) at the center of the spinneret to feed the initial material component (10a) flow. Further capillaries (25c) are near the first, for at least another material component (10b) flow. The assembly for melt spinning filaments, with a number of components, has a capillary (25a) at the center of the spinneret to feed the initial material component (10a) flow. Further capillaries (25c) are near the first, for at least another material component (10b) flow. All the capillaries come together at the main spinning capillary. The material flow at the center capillary is structured to form a coherent core for the spun filament with shaped wings. The other capillaries feed their flows to lie at the filament core, and shroud it at least partially.

Description

The invention relates to a method, a device and a yarn according to the preambles of independent claims.

There are numerous processes for producing bicomponent yarns or yarns known with multiple components, it being about multiple components spinning at the same time, or encasing a component with other components, or to mix them together. From U.S. 5,244 614 a device is known with which the inner component by a single Bore is brought up to the spinneret; this is the influence on the structure a filament fibril, especially its core, is very limited.

The object of the present invention is a yarn consisting of at least two Components, and a manufacturing method and an apparatus therefor, where by choosing the material components and their shape during spinning individual properties both in terms of composition and in terms of the physical properties are made possible.

Another object of the present invention is to improve the field of use of existing Expand yarn production plants. For example, it can be useful Depending on the order backlog in one system, filament yarns of three can be chosen or to manufacture it from two components. There is also the task of Manufacture of yarn whose individual fibers are made up of several components are, the material flows immediately before the formation of a filament, respectively of the filaments, the sub-components as precisely as possible in a large number of spinnerets to be controlled so that the filament cross section adheres to the desired shape as precisely as possible.

This object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. The dependent claims relate to advantageous developments of the method, the relevant Spinning device and the product (s).

It becomes a process for producing a filament yarn or a fibril proposed for a filament yarn by means of a spinning device, at least two different liquefied components or materials through several capillaries a spinning capillary or spinneret, and at least two liquefied components or materials from at least a first and one second source a distribution system with openings, and further a nozzle system are fed. Of the material flows from material sources of a number n, which a melt plate, or the distribution system are fed at least two streams, which are preferably supplied in a first and a third zone in at least one breakthrough, or part of the Breakthroughs, summarized by the melt plate, these breakthroughs communicate so that at the exit from the distribution system or at the entrance in a subsequent perforated plate and / or a nozzle plate, generally nozzle system called, only material flows of a smaller number than n are present, which Currents in the nozzle system on a larger number of holes, respectively Spinnerets are divided, the number of material flows being n - x, with n ≥ 3 and 1 ≤ x <n-1 and integer values of x and n. This is a first material from a first source and a second source and another material from one fed to third source. The distribution system essentially has a first major breakthrough or major breakthroughs communicating and a second Major breakthrough or communicating second major breakthroughs to common Recording the material flows from a first and a second source in the first major breakthrough and on the other hand to accommodate another material in the second major breakthrough. Materials from a first and a second can also be used Source into a first major breakthrough or communicating major breakthroughs and other materials from a third and for example a fourth source can be a second major breakthrough and an or several other major breakthroughs are fed so that only the material flows from the first and second sources in a first major breakthrough. For the operator of such a system, it is advantageous if the material flows out the individual sources are kept essentially the same size, which means that similar components are installed.

Such a concept has the advantage that mass distributions of different sizes in the end product, i.e. the filament yarn or the individual fibril, by the same size Delivery components of the material, i.e. extruders, spinning pumps, spinning pots realized can be. For example, in a bicomponent yarn in the filament core twice the amount of material compared to the amount of material in the jacket of this yarn shall not have to have differently sized delivery components of the core material or the jacket material are provided, but there will be several of the same type Components used for the delivery of the material compared to another material is used to a greater extent during the spinning process becomes.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a summary is found at least two material flows before the actual distribution system in one Current instead, so that instead of originally n streams from n sources, n-x streams am Entry into the distribution system result, with n ≥ 3 and 1 ≤ x <n-1 and integer values of x and n.

Furthermore, a method for producing a filament yarn, or one Fibril for a filament yarn, proposed with at least two liquefied components or materials through multiple capillaries of a spinning capillary or spinneret are supplied, and wherein the at least two liquefied components by Several capillaries each are fed to the spinning capillary and a group of inner capillaries to form a coherent filament core and another material in outer capillaries encased the filament core. Connect in the process the material flows in the first capillaries in the center thanks to their special Guiding so that the streams of a first material become a coherent Core consisting of a filament core and at least one connected to it Combine filament wings. Another material in other capillaries in the The surrounding area of the first capillaries is fed in such a way that the further material adheres creates the core and at least partially encloses it.

The invention is described below with reference to the drawing, wherein the production of a single fibril of a yarn in several embodiments is explained. It is understood that in most applications there are multiple fibrils be combined into one yarn, although it cannot be ruled out, that a yarn consists of a single fibril, preferably of several components is formed. For the sake of simplicity, the fibril is used below as a yarn or filament yarn.

Fig. 1,2,3

Komponenten einer Spinnvorrichtung, welche zu einer Spinneinheit zusammengesetzt werden können,

Fig. 1a,b

schematische Darstellungen der Komponenten in Übersichtszeichnungen

Fig. 1c

ein Schema der Materialströme von den Quellen bis zu den Spinnkapillaren bei den Spinndüsen

Fig. 1d

ein Schema einer weiteren Materialzuführung

Fig. 1e

eine Abwandlung der Ausführung, wie sie in Fig. 1c angedeutet ist

Fig. 1f

eine weitere Abwandlung der Ausführung

Fig. 1g

eine Abwandlung der Ausführung gemäss Fig. 1a

Fig. 1h

eine Abwandlung der Ausführung gemäss Fig. 1b

Fig. 1k+1l

weitere Abwandlungen der Ausführungen gemäss Fig. 1a, b, g, h

Fig. 2a

einen Schnitt durch eine Komponente aus Fig. 2

Fig. 2b

eine Ansicht auf ein Teil dieser Komponente

Fig. 2c

eine Ansicht nach einer anderen Ausführungsart

Fig. 3a

einen Schnitt durch eine Komponente nach Fig. 3

Fig. 3b 3c

Zwei Ausführungsformen von Spinndüsen und

Fig. 4

einen Querschnitt durch ein Filamentgarn, welches mit einer Komponente nach Fig. 2b herstellbar ist.

Show it:

Fig. 1,2,3

Components of a spinning device, which can be put together to form a spinning unit,

1a, b

schematic representations of the components in overview drawings

Fig. 1c

a diagram of the material flows from the sources to the spinning capillaries at the spinnerets

Fig. 1d

a diagram of another material feed

Fig. 1e

a modification of the execution, as indicated in Fig. 1c

Fig. 1f

a further modification of the execution

Fig. 1g

a modification of the embodiment according to FIG. 1a

Fig. 1h

a modification of the embodiment according to FIG. 1b

1k + 1l

further modifications of the designs according to FIGS. 1a, b, g, h

Fig. 2a

3 shows a section through a component from FIG. 2

Fig. 2b

a view of part of this component

Fig. 2c

a view according to another embodiment

Fig. 3a

4 shows a section through a component according to FIG. 3

3b 3c

Two embodiments of spinnerets and

Fig. 4

a cross section through a filament yarn which can be produced with a component according to Fig. 2b.

Object of the invention in a first aspect

The invention relates to a method for producing a filament yarn 10 or Fibril for a filament yarn by means of a spinning device, at least two liquefied Components or materials 10a, b by several capillaries 25 a, 25 c one Spinning capillary 32 are fed, characterized in that the at least two liquefied components or materials 10a, b by several capillaries each 25 a, 25 c of the spinning capillary 32 are fed, with a group of inner Capillaries 25a serve to form a coherent filament core, and wherein another material 10b encases the filament core 10'a, 10 "a.

The material flows 10a in the first capillaries 25a can be in the center of a spinning unit are guided in such a way that the flows of a first material 10 a become one contiguous core consisting of a filament core 10'a and at least a filament wing 10 "a connected with this, another material 10b in further capillaries 25c in the vicinity of the first capillaries 25a is that the additional material 10b lies against the core and at least this partially encloses.

The components can be made of at least a first material 10 a and one second material 10 b consist, the materials in liquefied form from the Capillaries 25 a, 25 c emerging parallel through a pilot hole 31 a, to then be pressed together by the spinning capillary 32 and one Form fibril or a yarn 10.

A component 10 a for the core of the filament yarn 10 is through a central capillary 25a and at a uniform distance from this further peripheral arranged Capillaries are supplied to core capillaries 25a, and a further component 10b is passed through Sheath capillaries 25c are supplied, which are further away from the central capillary lie between the peripheral core capillaries.

The first material 10 a is through central core bores 21 a, b from an extruder fed, and the second material is through peripheral jacket holes 21 c Spinning device supplied.

The components 10a, 10b are replaced by a distributor plate or melt plate 1 supplied, the first material 10 a in a first zone 11 a and a third zone 11 c and the second material 10 b in a second zone 11 d divided into material flows is, the material flows ordered by slots on the entry side of the Enter the melt plate 1 and through it communicating with second slots 12 c get into the capillaries 25 a and 25 c on the underside of the melt plate.

The invention also relates to devices for producing one or more fibrils or filament yarns 10, first capillaries 25a being arranged in the center of a spinning unit are to guide flows of a first material 10 a, and wherein others Capillaries 25 c for at least one additional material 10 b in the vicinity of the first Capillaries 25 a are arranged, and all capillaries with a spinning capillary 32 communicate, characterized in that the first capillaries 25 a in the center a spinning unit are arranged so that the flows of a first material 10 a to a coherent core consisting of a filament core 10'a and combine at least one filament wing 10 "a connected to this, and that further Capillaries 25 c for another material 10b in the vicinity of the first capillaries 25 a are arranged in such a way that the further material 10 b bears against the core and at least partially encloses it.

Subject of the invention in a further aspect

Generally formulated, the invention comprises a method for producing a filament yarn 10, or a fibril for a filament yarn, by means of a spinning device, taking at least two different liquefied components or materials 10 a, 10 b, which from at least a first and a second source 14-16 / 14'-16 ', a distribution system with openings 12 a, b, c, 13, 13', in particular a melt plate 1, and a system of holes and nozzles 2, 3 are fed, in particular through a plurality of capillaries 25 a, 25 c are fed to a number of spinning capillaries 32, characterized in that of the material flows from n sources 14-16 / 14'-16 ', which a distribution system 1, or a melt plate are fed, at least two streams 10 a be summarized so that at the entrance to a nozzle system 2/3, only n-x Different material flows 10 a, 10 b are present, which in the nozzle system 2/3 on one larger number of holes 21 a, 21 c, or nozzles 32, are distributed, with n ≥ 3 and 1 ≤ x <n-1 and integer values of x and n.

More generally, the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a filament yarn 10, or a fibril for a filament yarn by means of a spinning device, at least two different liquefied components or materials 10 a, 10 b through several capillaries of a spinning capillary 25 a, 25 c or spinneret 32 are fed, and wherein at least two liquefied Components or materials 10 a, 10 b from at least a first and a second Source 14-16, 14'-16 'are fed to a distribution system with openings, and further a nozzle system 3, characterized in that of the material flows 10 a, 10 b from n sources 14-16 / 14'-16 ', which are fed to a distribution system, at least two streams are combined, and at least one breakthrough 12 a, 13 or system of breakthroughs are supplied while at least one more Material flow 10 b of a further source 14 "-16" separately fed to the distribution system 1 is such that n material flows 10 a, 10 b from n sources 14-16, 14 "-16", 14'-16 'such can be summarized that in the further processing only n - x different Material flows in openings 12 a, 12 c each communicating with one another Distribution system 2 and nozzle systems are spun into filaments and the Filaments ultimately only from n - x different materials, or material mixtures are composed.

Two different liquefied components or materials 10 a, 10 b, which originate from at least a first and a second source 14-16 / 14'-16 ', a distribution system with openings 12 a, b, c, 13, 13 ', in particular a melt plate 1, fed, and further fed to a system of bores and nozzles 2, 3, in particular by several capillaries 25 a, 25 c of a number of spinning capillaries 32 are supplied, characterized in that of the material flows of n Sources 14-16 / 14'-16 ', which of the melt plate or the distribution system 1, at least two streams 10 a, which are preferably in a first Zone 11 a and a third zone 11 c are fed in at least one Breakthrough, or summarized in part of the breakthroughs 12 a, 12 c, 13 be, so that at the outlet from the distribution system 1, or at Entry into a subsequent perforated plate 2 and / or a nozzle plate 3, generally a nozzle system Called 2/3, there are only n-x different material flows 10 a, 10 b, which in the nozzle system 2/3 on a larger number of holes 21 a, 21 c, respectively Nozzles 32 are distributed with n ≥ 3 and 1 ≤ x <n-1 and integers Values of x and n.

A first material 10 a is made from a first source 14-16 and a second source 14'-16 ' and another material 10 b fed from a third source 14 "-16", and the distribution system 1 essentially has a first main opening 12 a, 13 - or with mutually communicating main breakthroughs 12 a, 13, 12 b and a second Main breakthrough 12 c, 13 'on, to collect the material flows from the first and second source in the first main breakthrough 12 a, 13 and for receiving the Material 10 b in the second main opening 12 c, 13 '.

Materials 10 a from a first and a second source 14-16, 14'-16 'are in one first main breakthrough 12 a, 13 or communicating main breakthroughs 12 a, 13, 12 b passed, and other materials from a third and a fourth Source 14 "-16", 14 '"- 16"' are a second major breakthrough 12 c, 13 'as well a third main opening 12 'c, 13 "fed, so that only the material flows Combine 10 a from the first and second sources in a first main opening 12 a, 13.

The material flows from the individual sources 14-16, 14'-16 'are preferably essentially same size.

The invention also relates to an associated device for producing a filament yarn 10, or a fibril for a filament yarn by means of a spinning device, taking at least two different liquefied components or materials 10 a, 10 b can be fed through a plurality of capillaries 25 a, 25 b to a spinning capillary 32, and wherein a distribution system 1 for melt flows of the materials 10 a, 10 b at least a first and a second source 14-16 / 14'-16 'are upstream and in the distribution system 1 openings 12 a, 12 b, 12 c, 13, 13 'are arranged, which with a Communicate nozzle system 3 for spinning filaments, characterized in that that a number of n sources 14-16, 14 '- 16' are sent to the distribution system 1 are connected that at least two of the sources 14-16, 14'-16 'with a first System of main breakthroughs 12 a, 13, 12 b communicate, so that the material flows mix both sources mentioned in the system, and that at least there is another source 14 "-16" which is in another, not with the first System communicating, second system of second main openings 12 c, 13 ' transferred.

The distribution system 1 essentially has a first system of communicating with one another Main breakthroughs 12 a, 13, 12 b, and another system not the first system of communicating main breakthroughs 12 c, 13 '.

The distribution system 1 is a flange or spinning pot in multiple versions 16 and this a spinning pump 15 and again this an extruder 14 upstream, wherein at least two extruders 14, 14 'and downstream, mentioned components 15, 15 ', 16, 16' in a common main opening 13, or with each other communicating partial openings 12 a, 12 b open.

On the inlet side of the distribution system 1 there are one or more slots or openings 12 a, 12 b are assigned to one or more spinning pots 16, 16 ', which openings open into a long slot 13, and a further system of slots 12 c is present, on the entry side of the distribution system 1, which is in a further elongated slot 13 ' empties.

A first system of communicating breakthroughs 12 a, 12 b, 13, which is connected to at least two sources 14-16, 14'-16 ', communicates with a system of core holes 25 a, which with the central areas of Spinnerets 32 are aligned, and another system of openings 12 c, 13 'of the distribution system 1, which communicates with another source 14 "-16", goes into others Bores over, or jacket holes 21 c, which with the peripheral Areas of spinnerets 32 are aligned.

The spinnerets 32 have 2- or multi-arm capillaries 32 on Fig. 3 b, for production of multi-component filaments 10.

Subject of the invention in a third aspect

Essential elements of the device for producing one or more fibrils, or filament yarns 10, are first capillaries 25 a in the center of a spinning unit 3, for guiding flows of a first material 10 a, and further capillaries 25 c for at least one further material 10 b in the vicinity of the first capillaries 25 a, characterized in that the capillaries 25 a, 25 b are in a perforated plate 2, which on a nozzle plate 3 with spinnerets or spinning capillaries 32 is set, wherein in each case in alignment with a spinning capillary 32 has a projection 23 that of the spinning capillary 32 or the nozzle plate 3 facing the side of the Perforated plate 2 is seated, which projection 23 a pilot hole 31 a, which in the spinning capillary 32 passes, covers, with central capillaries 25 a in the center of the projections 23 run and more open into the central area of the pilot hole 31, while other capillaries 25 c sit on the edge of a projection 23, such that through this Capillaries 25 c a connection between a trough facing the nozzle plate 22 in the perforated plate 2 and the space of the pilot hole 31 a is created.

The perforated plate 2 is upstream of a distribution system 1, the central capillaries 25 a with a first system of main openings 12 a, 12 b, 13 of the distribution system 1 communicate which breakthroughs from at least two sources 14-16, 14'-16 ', and the other peripheral capillaries 25 c with a communicate another system of main openings 12 c, 13 'of the distribution system 1, which are connected to another source 14 "-16".

In a preferred embodiment, the method or the device 2 material components processed, namely polyester for the core of the yarn and Polyamide as a covering of the yarn.

Usually, the material components through several extruders of the spinning device supplied, which among other parts from a melt plate 1, one Perforated plate 2 and a nozzle plate 3 is assembled. 1 is a Melt plate 1 in a first zone 11 a, a second zone 11 b and a third zone 11 c divided. In the area of the first zone 11a and the third zone 11c, a meltdown, in other words, liquefied material to form the core of the filament yarn, and in zone 11b a jacket melt, in other words material for Formation of the jacket of the filament yarn fed. This configuration is chosen if on the order of magnitude twice as much material in the core than in the sheath of the filament yarn to be ordered. Conversely, if the core of the filament yarn is weak executed and a voluminous jacket is sought, it is advantageous that the jacket material in two zones 11 a and 11 c and the core material only in a single zone 11 b feed. In any case, it is appropriate to have one zone 11 a, 11 b, 11 c Provide extruders so that the same units can be used. So can for example, a bicomponent yarn with a tricolor yarn production line to a two-component yarn, i.e. a yarn made from at least two materials, getting produced.

The various material flows are shown in principle in FIG. 1 a. From a first Extruder 14 becomes material 10a, with an arrow in a first distribution system 12A, 13 indicated, via a spinning pump 15 and a flange or spinning pot 16 one first slot 12 a, or a plurality of slots lying one behind the other, as in FIG. 1 shown, fed. A further material component is replaced by a corresponding one Feed system 14 '- 16' a second slot 12 b, or several in a row lying slots 12 b supplied. It acts according to the example in FIG. 1 a the same material as in the slot 12 a. The material flows out of the slots or shafts 12 a and 12 b can then be in a slot 13 on the Spread out the underside of the first distribution system 1. Per slot 12 a or 12 b is therefore on the underside of the melt plate 1, an elongated slot 13, with a series of bores 21 a, so-called according to the embodiment in FIGS. 2 and 3 Core bores, i.e. for the meltdown of the filament, alignments. There is many rows of core holes 21 a, as there are slots 12 a, or 12 b. The material passes from the core bores 21 a into pilot bores 31 a, respectively Spinning capillaries 32 in a subsequent third nozzle plate 3, wherein the material, if it is core material for the filament, in the center of the Spinning capillary is fed.

As shown in Fig. 1b, there is another feed system 14 "- 16" at the entrance to a slot system 12 c in the plate 1, through which material 10 b, in the embodiment for the filament sheath. The feed system 14 "- 16" is just like the other feed systems 14 -s 16 and 14 '- 16 "from an extruder, a spinning pump, a spin pot with connecting lines 17 assembled. These feeding systems are also called sources for the material to be spun. According to Fig. 1 there are two slots 12 c, which according to the material from a spinning pot 16 " Fig. 1 b record, which after flowing through the slots 12 c in another, respectively in other long slots 13 ', which are between the first mentioned above Long slots 13 lie. The material 10 b can be in second slots 13 'distribute over the entire width of the melt plate 1 and continues into so-called Jacket holes 21 c, from where it is in a trough 22 on the underside of the Perforated plate 2 can distribute, as is also shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 2a, 3a. This Material 10 b can then on the outer edge of projections 23 on the underside of the Perforated plate 2 according to FIGS. 2a, 3a in pre-bores 31a and finally in the edge areas enter the spinning capillary 32 where this material covers the sheath 10b of the filament 4 forms. 1 a and 1 b only show a rough overview about the distribution of the material. 2, 3, 2 a and 3 a, the details of Material guide explained.

In Fig. 1 the material flows are as strong as in the other figures solid and symbolized by a dashed arrow, the former arrow the Flow direction of the meltdown, the first material 10 a, and the second arrow Mantle melt, that is to say the second material 10b. The first material 10a can through slots or openings 12a in the first zone 11a through the melt plate 1, as well as through slots 12b on the other side of the plate. It four slots or openings 12a and 12b are shown. In between can the jacket melt or the second material 10b in the central region of the melt plate go down through two slots or openings 12c. On the bottom there are slots or depressions in the plate, which are essentially in extend in the horizontal direction over the entire longitudinal extent of the melt plate 1, the lower slots on the one hand communicate with the upper slots 12a and 12b, and other longitudinal slots on the bottom with the upper slots 12c communicate. The longitudinal slots on the lower side must not interlock pass over at this stage of the supply of the meltdown or the meltdown the components must be managed separately. Because in the embodiment 1 2 x 4 = 8 slots for the meltdown and two slots for the jacket melt is present, there are six slots on the underside of this plate, of which four to guide the meltdown and two to guide the meltdown serve.

Aligned with these slots there are six rows of holes 21 a, b according to FIG. 2 with core bores and with jacket bores 21c, the jacket bores in each case lie between two core holes. On the underside of the perforated plate 2 with the mentioned Bores are two troughs 22, one of which is in the front part of the Plate is indicated with a dashed line. In these troughs 22 the mentioned open Jacket holes 21c, each with a number of such holes for a trough is provided. The other core bores 21a, 21b open on the underside in projections 23 which protrude from the two troughs 22. In Fig. 2 are again the currents of the meltdown or the meltdown with the respective Part characterized, wherein the meltdown flows through holes 21a, 21b and the jacket melt passes through holes in a row 21c.

After the melt flows out of the perforated plate 2, the material enters the area of the nozzle plate 3, with rows of holes 31a, 31b, 31c etc. in each case in alignment with the rows of holes of the perforated plate 2, which are formed by the core bores 21a, 21b become. The extruded material, the meltdown and the meltdown, if necessary also other melt components, leave the nozzle plate 3 through spinnerets or spinning capillaries 32, of which a single one is shown in FIG. 3a is. The filament emerging from the capillaries from at least two components undergoes treatment before it is further processed and wound up.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, section lines IIa and IIIa are given, with which the sectional representations are defined in Figs. 2a and 3a. It should be noted that the cuts through the perforated plate 2 and the nozzle plate 3 according to FIGS. 2a and 3a, so to speak stand upside down, which is also due to the reverse flow direction of the meltdown or the arrows symbolizing the melt of the jacket. 2a and 3a is only a section of a plate with currents in the direction of one only spinning capillary 32 shown. The meltdown material penetrates into one Core bore 21 a from below into perforated plate 2 and branches into several Core capillaries 25a, which are in alignment with a pilot hole 31a from a third row of holes lie. This pre-bore 31a is followed by the nozzle plate on the outlet side 3a shows a spinning capillary or spinneret 32. The second flows according to FIG. 2a Material 10b or the jacket melt through a jacket bore 21c from below above the trough 22, where the jacket melt around the projection 23 and the Can distribute projections 23. There is a recess on the edge of each projection 23, in other words a jacket capillary 25c, which is on the edge of a projection 23 is attached that when pressing the perforated plate 2 and the nozzle plate 3 shows the edge of a pilot hole 31a on the inlet-side surface of the nozzle plate 3 exactly at the level of the capillary 25c, in other words above this Recess, is located so that the jacket melt or the second material 10b from the Trough 22 through the jacket capillary 25a in several places according to the number Recesses can enter the pilot hole 31a at the edge thereof, while the Core material or the first material 10a through the core capillaries 25a more towards the center the pilot hole enters this. With the arrows in the pilot hole 31a according to FIG. 3a indicates that the first material 10a, ie the meltdown, is more in the Middle of the pilot hole, while the second material 10b, i.e. the jacket melt, flows in the edge region of the pilot hole 31a.

1 c shows general overviews of possible distributions of the material flows from the material sources14 to the spinnerets32, or spinning capillaries, shown. 1 c and 2a, 3a, a first and a second material flow, each with the material 10 a, in particular to form the filament core, in a first main breakthrough 12 a, 13 and from this further via core holes 21 a in the area of core capillaries 25a in the perforated plate 2 to the material core of Form filaments, or the large number of filaments. Furthermore is a third material flow from the source 14 "- 16", namely the material 10 b, into another Distribution system or in further main openings 12 c, 13 'passed to from here through so-called jacket holes 21 c through the perforated plate 2 and finally also to get into the spinnerets or spinning capillaries 32. The The first partial stream 10 a then passes into the center of the spinnerets 32 the core capillaries 25 a, while the second material flow 10b from the source 14 "-16" through peripheral jacket capillaries 25 c to the pilot holes 31 a, respectively Spinnerets 32 arrives. Different configurations of the core capillaries 25 a, respectively Jacket capillaries 25 c are shown schematically in the lower part of FIG. 1 c.

According to FIG. 1d, material flows 10a, 10a via lines 17, 17 from 2 sources 14-16, 14'-16 'are combined in a collector 18 before they enter the distribution system 1 reach. Another material stream 10b flows separately directly into the distribution system 1 and just like the combined material flows 10a, 10a through openings 12c or 12a as described elsewhere in the perforated plate 2 and the nozzle plate 3rd

It has surprisingly turned out that the material flows result from the Do not mix or overlap core capillaries 25a and sheath capillaries 25c, but flow through it exactly in the axial direction of the pilot hole 31a, even if the length of this bore 31a is a multiple of its diameter. The hole pattern the core capillaries 25a or the jacket capillaries 25c must match the shape of the Spinning capillary or spinneret 32 can be matched, as follows with reference to the figures 2b and 3b is explained so that a filament with the desired properties results. In the exemplary embodiment of the perforated field according to FIG. 2b and the spinning capillary 3b, there are four core capillaries 25a, which are arranged in a star shape are, with a core capillary 25a in the center of a projection 23 and three others Core capillaries 25a, in particular, like satellites around this central core capillary 25a in particular are evenly distributed. In the areas between the outside Core capillaries 25a are located on the edge of the projection 23 according to FIG. 2b Breakthroughs or jacket capillaries 25c through which the jacket melt in the direction can flow onto the pilot hole 31a.

3b is for the configuration of capillaries or bores or breakthroughs 2b shows the shape of the spinning capillary 32 with three wings or lobes (lobes). Since, as mentioned, the material flows from the core capillaries 25a and. Mantelkapillaren maintain their relative position to one another within a pilot hole 31a, the materials of the melted jacket flow along the edge of the pilot hole 31a also in the edge areas due to the clear cross-section of the capillary 32, ie in the Outer areas of the wings, while the meltdown is in the inner areas the wing of the capillary 32 and located in its center.

4 shows the composition of such a filament yarn, which also called trilobal yarn according to the English literature. From Fig. 4 shows that inside the cross section of a filament yarn 10 four areas of the core material or the meltdown or the first material 10a, with a filament core 10'a in the center, to which filament wings 10a or 10a ". In FIG. 4 there are constrictions 10c between the filament wings 10a or 10 "a and the filament core 10'a can be seen. The boundary lines between the filament core 10'a and a filament wing 10a or 10 "a are drawn in arbitrarily, the material flows at the transitions between filament core 10'a and filament wing 10 "a merge with one another. According to the exemplary embodiment 10 the core material 10a is completely enclosed by the jacket material 10b, wherein the dashed line at 10d in the left part of FIG. 4 indicates that Constrictions 10d in the second material of the jacket melt 10b are also possible. Depending on the size of the jacket capillaries 25c, the material distribution can can be determined which is applied to the outside of the core material 10a. It is conceivable that with the arrangement of the jacket capillaries 25c more near the Core capillaries 25a, in the extreme case in the periphery, the second constrictions 10d are so pronounced that, according to FIG. 4, there is no jacket material at all at 10d or material from the jacket melt to the core material 10a, so that at 10d this material is exposed to the outside. This can be beneficial for certain applications his. With a corresponding design of the capillaries in the projections 23, it is also possible that the material flows from the core capillaries 25a and the jacket capillaries 25c only connect to one another at certain points, for example entirely outside on the filament wings 10a or 10 "a, the material of the jacket melt can also split off from the filament wings 10a and 10 "a.

It is of course possible instead of four core capillaries 25a and three jacket capillaries 25c more or less such capillaries to be arranged, whereby others Yarn cross sections with more than three or even less than three wings can arise. In Fig. 2c three core capillaries 25a are shown, which blunt one another Form angles, and in the vicinity of three jacket capillaries 25c, one of which inside of the range of the obtuse angle between the core capillaries 25a and the two other jacket capillaries 25c at an obtuse angle to this Angles are attached. The corresponding spinning capillary is shown in Fig. 3c. Correct dimensioning of the capillaries 25a and 25c succeeds, similar to that in FIG. 4 to produce a filament yarn with two wings, in contrast to the three wings in Fig. 4, one filament wing 10a each having a filament core 10'a with another Filament wing 10 "a is connected and these three elements of the filament core more or less by a jacket made of the three jacket capillaries 25c according to FIG. 2c are enclosed. Such a two-wing filament yarn with a cross section Similar to the shape of the spinning capillary 32 according to FIG. 3c has certain properties on, which can be advantageous in the further processing of the filament.

The spinning process and the device as described above is characterized in particular by the fact that a filament yarn with at least one partial sheathing is created, the actual material core of this Filaments consisting of one or more meltdown materials, more or less pronounced constrictions at the transitions between the filament wings 10 "a and the filament core 10'a, whereby a soft handle or a high flexibility of the filament yarn can result in the further processing of the Filaments or in the corresponding end product for advantageous product properties leads.

Subject of the invention in a fourth aspect

According to a further aspect of the invention, there is proposed a spinning package from a distribution system 1, a perforated plate 2 and a nozzle plate 3 so that several, that is, n (n ≥ 3) components are supplied, and these n Components in separate material flows towards a large number of holes distribute so that on the outlet side of the spin pack 1, 2, 3 according to FIGS. 1 g, 1 h, 1 k, 1 l, or according to FIGS. 1 e and 1 f, from a nozzle system Partial material flows are driven out in such a way that n-x (x ≤ n-1) yarn types are created. These can be differently colored yarns and / or such yarns, which are composed of different material components. It will then less from n different material components at the entry of the spin pack produced as n different yarns.

It is about a method for operating a spinning machine for producing various Yarns or yarn types in groups, with one yarn type or a group of yarns an identical structure of the yarns from different material components is present, preferably with several extruders, some of which are different Materials 10 a, 10 b can be fed to one or more spin packs 1, 2, 3, which spin pack or which spin packs have at least one distribution system 1, 2 a distributor plate and spinnerets 32, with depressions 12 c and 12 a in Spinning package for receiving the materials are available, characterized in that that at least a first material 10 c for a first component of a first yarn type can be fed into at least one depression or depressions that only extend over extend part of a spin pack, and that for other types of yarn that the first Can include yarn type, and spun from a variety of spinnerets 32 be, at least one further material 10 b in at least one recess 12 b is insertable, from where this material over a larger or the entire extent a distribution system 1, 2, 3 can be distributed in individual bores 21 Distribution plate 2 to get to the relevant spinnerets 32.

A spinning machine for performing the above manufacturing processes different yarns in groups, with an identical one in each group of yarns Structure of the yarn from different material components is present, with several Extruding from which different materials 10 a, 10 b one or more Spin packs can be fed, which spin pack or which spin packs at least a distribution system with a distributor plate with depressions and spinnerets has, is characterized in that at least one recess or a system of recesses 12 c or 12 a in the distribution system of the spin pack for admission at least a first material component for a component of a yarn type a plurality of spinnerets 32 is present, which are limited only by one Part of a spinning package, and that for further or all yarns to be produced at least one further entrance recess 12 b is present, from where another Material over a larger extent of the distribution system 1 in a larger one Part of the system or throughout the system is distributable to individual holes 21st a distributor plate 2 to one in comparison to the depressions of the first material major part of wells or ultimately to all wells or spinnerets 32 to arrive.

A possible configuration is shown in Figs. 1 g and 1 h, essentially the situation is as given in Fig. 1 a and 1 b, with the difference that from the material sources 14 to 16 and 14 'to 16' the material or different Materials for which sheaths are fed from multi-component yarns and only a single component 14 "to 16" according to FIG. 1 h to form the core of the Filament yarn is used. Of course, you can also use multiple material sources for different Core materials may be arranged as shown in Fig. 1 g for the feed different jacket materials is the case. Contrary to the explanations regarding Fig. 1 a are according to Fig. 1 g at least two spinning pots 16/16 'with different Materials provided at the entrance to the distribution system 1. These different Materials pass through the slots 12 a and 12 b into a chamber 13.1, or 13.2, also called long slots. The different materials 10 a in the different slots 13.1 and 13.2 can then through holes 21 a in each a trough 22.1 or 22.2 occur. These troughs are as above described for the trough 22, the nozzle plate 3 facing. It turns out that in left part of the arrangement according to FIG. 1 g, a different material than that supplied in the right part so that different yarns from a single spin pack 1, 2, 3 arise.

According to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 h, only a single core material 10 b, ie to form the yarn cores, the distribution system 1 from a material source 14 "to 16" fed. For all yarns that come out of the arrangement, there is a and the same core material 10 b provided. Generally speaking it says at least a material component is available for larger areas of the spin pack, and other components are used only for smaller areas. Of course it can also other material sources, not shown, in addition to the material source 14 " up to 16 "in order to produce further different types of yarn. In difference 1 b, the core material passes through a shaft 12 c (instead of the jacket material according to Fig. 1 b) in a distribution slot, respectively several distribution slots 13 ', and from this in core holes 21 c, which up to Exit side of the perforated plate 2 opposite the troughs 22.1 and 22.2 by projections 23 are shielded, as already described in detail in the description of FIG. 2a has been explained. Basically, it should be noted that, as already indicated, in Fig. 1 g the distribution of the material to form several yarn jackets and in Fig. 1 h the Guide of the material for the formation of the yarn cores is shown. 1 g and 1 h applies to the selected designations that the holes 21 a, 21 c are not as shown in Fig. 2 a lead core material or jacket material, but vice versa jacket material, or core material, to the spinnerets 32 to lead. Yarns with different sheaths result, the core materials each are identical or different according to the number of core materials.

A similar configuration is shown in FIGS. 1 k and 1 l, with the principle Difference that the material 10 a through the material sources 14 to 16 and 14 'to 16' is supplied to the distribution system 1 for the formation of the yarn cores, while only one only material source 14 "to 16" is provided for the jacket material 10 b. Execution 1 k and 1 l corresponds exactly to that in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b, wherein however, the long slot 13 into a first long slot 13.1 and a second long slot 13.2 is divided. There are several such slots 13.1 and 13.2 in a row intended. This makes it possible to remove various core materials from the spinning pots 16, or 16 ', to be introduced into the distribution system 1 and further separately to lead. With regard to the description of the individual components, as shown in FIGS. 1 k and 1 l and also 1 g, 1 h are shown analogously to the description of the figures 1 a and 1 b and 1, 2, 2 a, 3, 3 a. Yarns result different cores, whereby also the jacket materials with multiple execution of jacket material sources can be different. Basically, it should be noted that with multi-component yarns, the materials are arranged in the fiber cross section may be that there is no completely enclosed core.

To illustrate the guidance of the different materials in the configurations 1 g, 1 h, 1 k, 1 l is the disposition for the supply in FIGS. 1 e and 1 f different materials shown, whereby, as mentioned above, from n-components n-x yarns can arise. The material flow scheme in Fig. 1 e corresponds 1 g and 1 h, in the exemplary embodiment a first material 10 c for yarn coats and a second material 10 a for another group of Yarn jackets is supplied, each in recesses 12 c, or 12 a. Further a core material 10 b that is the same for all yarns is introduced into a depression 12 b, from where this material is distributed over the entire length of the distribution system 1 can penetrate into individual core bores 21 a of a distributor plate 2.

It applies to a concept according to FIG. 1 e as well as to the concepts already described so far, that the different materials from different sources 14 to 16, 14 'to 16 'and 14 "to 16" originate. The entry-side slots 12 a, 12 b, 12 c each go into outlet-side long slots 13, 13 ', 13 ", which are equipped with the different bores, thus jacket bores 21 c, or core bores 21 a, communicate. From Fig. 1 e it can also be seen that, as by dashed lines in the lower Part shown in the perforated plate 2, a connection of the various mentioned There are bores to the core capillaries 25 a, or jacket capillaries 25 c. The systems of bores for the core material, or jacket material, and of capillaries 21, 25 are, as indicated schematically, in preferably separate ones Groups summarized. For example, a hole pattern of capillaries with three core capillaries and three jacket capillaries indicated in the periphery in one group can be grouped as shown below left, while another Group of bores, or capillaries, see in the nozzle plate 2 in right part shown schematically, with four core holes and six jacket holes in an exemplary embodiment, in a second group according to the right Block of holes in the perforated plate 2, be summarized. A perforated plate 2 can of course also be divided into several sections, such as by the dashed line in the middle of the perforated plate 2 between the hole groups 21, 25, respectively 21 ', 25' is indicated.

A similar representation can be found in FIG. 1 f, with only a single jacket material 10 b through openings 12 b, or slots 13 ", over the entire width of a Distribution system 1, or a hole system 3, is distributed. This coat material passes through jacket bores 21 a, b in jacket capillaries 25 c in the Perforated plate 2. There are also two material flows of core material 10 a, 10 c Sources 14 to 16, or 14 'to 16', which are only available to a limited extent according to the representation of the staggered openings 12 c, 13 ', respectively 12 a, 13, can spread over certain areas of the distribution system. These different Core materials 10 a and 10 c, respectively, get through accordingly Core holes 21 c to the core capillaries 25 a in the perforated plate 2, and further through adapted spinning nozzles 32 according to FIG. 3 a, which are aligned with the bores, or capillaries.

It is understood that regarding the material distribution of n materials from n sources (n> 2) there are basically no limits. For example, the different Materials are not concentric with each other in the finished yarn, what means that the core and jacket holes named according to the definition are not so need to be positioned that each core holes in the inner area and jacket holes lie in the outer area. A multi-component yarn can also do so be designed so that the so-called core bores near the escape of the spinnerets 32 lie next to so-called laterally more distant casing bores, so that practically no concentric enclosure of the core components by jacket components given is.

The different variants described can be (For example, tricolor machine) can be realized in which the tricolor spinnerets to be replaced by multi-component spinnerets. A multi-color machine can can be upgraded to a multi-component machine. In particular, a Three-color machine can be converted to a two-component machine. The conversion consists only in that the spin pack, consisting of, for example a distribution system 1, a perforated plate system 2 and a spinning plate system 3 is composed as described above. So yarns can are produced in which, for example, the core consists of undyed polymer or the jacket consists of different colored polymers or different types Polymers form the core.

Three extruders with metering devices for coloring the are preferred Melt equipped. But there can also be different numbers of extruders available. In conventional multi-color machines it is common to have three different-colored machines To lead melt streams in melt lines to the spinning beam, where a further division takes place before the feeding in spinnerets. The different, colored melts are conducted separately, so that they are in locally separated Areas to reach the spinnerets.

As mentioned, the spinnerets of multicolor spinning machines are now according to the invention replaced by spinnerets for multi-component yarns. From every capillary opening a multi-component filament can emerge as described. Through the Combination of components of multi-color machines and components of Machines for the production of filaments from several material components can Any combinations and thus yarn types are produced in one and the same spinning package become.

The following preferred variants can be used in practice:

1. Bicomponent yarn on a tricolor spinning machine

When using a tricolor spinning machine for bicomponent yarn, at least used an extruder to melt the polymer for the core of the bico yarn. The remaining extruders are used to melt the jacket polymer. Each polymer stream is fed to the spinning beam in a melt line. in the Spinning beams, the melt streams are further divided and eventually everyone Part of the polymer is led into the spinneret. The polymer streams are in the spinneret merged into a biko yarn. Assuming that for the core material If an extruder is used, a material fraction of the core results in each Filament of approx. 33% and a material share of the sheath of approx. 67%.

Larger material portions of the core in each filament are achieved when the Tricolor spinning machine used two extruders for the core material and one Extruder for the jacket material. In this case, the material content of the core is in each filament approx. 67% and that of the sheath approx. 33% (see Fig. 1 c).

The above conditions apply to spinning pumps of the same size all polymers and for the same speed of the spinning pumps. For the specialist it is clear that with other spinning pump sizes and / or other spinning pump speeds Material flow rates can be controlled by each extruder and so the material ratio can be chosen arbitrarily from core portion to shell portion.

2. Bicomponent bicolor yarn on a tricolor spinning machine

Becomes an extruder on the tricolor spinning machine when used for bicomponent yarn used for the core material, shell material can be used on the remaining two extruders processed with different color additives (masterbatch). Then it will Bicomponent bicolor yarn spun. The core share is approx. 33% and the coat share 33% of each color, for a total of approx. 67%. These shares can each can be varied as required according to machine design.

2 a) Bicomponent yarn with different sheath polymer on a tricolor spinning machine

Analogous to point 2 above, different ones can be used on the remaining two extruders Polymers are used in the jacket. This means that a part of the filaments can significantly different properties are conferred, such as electrical conductivity, Shrinkage behavior, chemical affinity, etc.

3. Bicomponent yarn with different types of cores on a tricolor spinning machine

Becomes an extruder on the tricolor spinning machine when used for bicomponent yarn used for the jacket material can be different on the remaining two extruders Core material to be processed. It then becomes bicomponent yarns spun with different core materials. The core share is approx. 33%. Half of all filaments have a core of material 1, and the other half is made of Filament is the core of material 2. The core materials can only change in color differ. However, they preferably differ in their physical properties, to generate special added value when using the end products. These include electrically conductive additives, antibacterial agents, polymers with different Shrinkage behavior, etc.

1. Kern - Mantel; wobei alle Filamente gleich sind

2. Kern - Mantel; wobei Kern bei allen Filamenten gleich ist und Mäntel verschieden sein können

3. Kern - Mantel; wobei Mantel bei allen Filamenten gleich ist und die Kerne verschieden sein können

4. Kern - Mantel; wobei die Mäntel und die Kerne verschieden sein können.

According to the invention, multi-color machines with n extruders (or n different types of melt streams with n 3 3) can be used to produce bicomponent yarns. The following bicomponent yarns can be spun:

1. core - cladding; where all filaments are the same

2nd core - coat; where core is the same for all filaments and shells can be different

3rd core - coat; where sheath is the same for all filaments and the cores can be different

4. core - cladding; the shells and the cores can be different .

By using the devices described according to the invention multicomponent yarns (core / sheath) are also produced, in which only the Coat or the core is colored.

In the case of carpet yarn, for example, the coloring is usually carried out by adding dye in spinning (spin dyeing) or in the finished yarn or carpet (Yarn dyeing, printing, piece dyeing). The dyeing process is then complete, when the dye is completely and evenly distributed in the yarn. The cost of Dye can be the same amount as the polymer costs. If it succeeds, to produce the dye with a device or system described according to the invention, a significant cost reduction can be achieved. The savings options can be structured as follows:

1. Bicomponent yarn with colored coat

The dyeing of a thin coat layer of the filament can be enough to color the yarn alone.
If only the sheath is made from a polymer to which an additive (masterbatch) has been added during the spin dyeing of core-sheath yarn, half of the dye can be saved with a core / sheath ratio of 50:50. This means a reduction in raw material costs of approx. 12 to 25%.

2. Bicomponent yarn with colored core

Since polymer is often transparent, the spin dyeing of core material can Coloring done. If only the core is spun out of core-jacket yarn a polymer that is mixed with masterbatch can with a core / shell ratio by 50:50 half of the dye can be saved. That means a reduction in raw material costs of approx. 12 to 25%.

Another problem with dyed yarn is the so-called color fastness. among them one understands the staining (rubbing off with contact) or bleeding (washing out with Wet treatment). If the spun-dyed core is now covered by a colorless coat, so the color fastness is improved. There are therefore potential savings not only in a reduction of the dye, but it also shows the practical value of the Yarn increased, or a cheaper dye can be used.

3. Bicomponent yarn for piece dyeing

The use of core-sheath yarn in piece dyeing enables the use of sheath polymer with only color affinity for a certain class of dyes. So that can be achieved be that the dye only builds up in the coat and thus the required amount of dye is reduced.

Even in the manufacture of antistatic yarns can be made by using the agents achieve significant cost reductions according to the last (fourth) aspect of the invention. For example, it can use antistatic material in the manufacture of yarns different shells only in part of the different sheath components be used so that the antistatic properties while saving material of the antistatic material are nevertheless given. You can also limit yourself to generally only to provide the material in the jacket with an antistatic effect. Can continue when dividing a spinning package over several hole systems, as in connection with the description of Fig. 1 f mentioned the antistatic material on a single Hole group 3 remain limited.

Claims (22)

Method for producing a filament yarn (10) or a fibril for a filament yarn by means of a spinning device, whereby at least two liquefied components or materials (10a, b) are fed to a spinning capillary (32) through several capillaries (25 a, 25 c), thereby characterized in that the at least two liquefied components or materials (10a, b) are fed to the spinning capillary (32) through a plurality of capillaries (25 a, 25 c), a group of inner capillaries (25a) serving to form a coherent filament core, and wherein at least one further material (10b) encases the filament core (10'a, 10 "a). A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material flows (10a) in the first capillaries (25 a) are guided in the center of a spinning unit so that the flows of a first material (10 a) form a coherent core consisting of a filament core ( 10'a) and at least one filament wing (10 "a) connected to it, and that another material (10b) is guided into further capillaries (25 c) in the vicinity of the first capillaries (25 a) so that the creates additional material (10b) on the core and at least partially surrounds it. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the components consist of at least a first material (10 a) and a second material (10 b), and that the materials in liquid form exiting from the capillaries (25 a, 25 c) in parallel a pilot hole (31 a) is guided in order to then be pressed together through the spinning capillary (32) and to form a fibril or a yarn (10). Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a component (10 a) for the core of the filament yarn (10) is fed through a central capillary (25a) and further peripheral capillaries (core capillaries 25a) arranged at a constant distance therefrom, and that a further component (10b) is supplied through jacket capillaries (25c) which are further away from the central capillary between the peripheral core capillaries. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first material (10 a) is fed from an extruder through central core bores (21 a, b), and that the second material is fed through peripheral jacket bores (21 c) to the spinning device. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the components (10a, 10b) are fed through a distributor plate or melt plate (1), the first material (10 a) in a first zone (11 a) and a third zone (11 c) and the second material (10 b) is divided into material flows in a second zone (11 d), the material flows entering through slots on the entry side of the melt plate (1) and through second slots (12 c) communicating with them the bottom of the melt plate into the capillaries (25 a and 25 c). Device for producing one or more fibrils or filament yarns (10), first capillaries (25 a) being arranged in the center of a spinning unit, for guiding streams of a first material (10 a), and further capillaries (25 c) for at least a further material (10b) is arranged in the vicinity of the first capillaries (25 a), and wherein all capillaries communicate with a spinning capillary (32), characterized in that the first capillaries (25 a) are arranged in the center of a spinning unit, that the flows of a first material (10 a) combine to form a coherent core consisting of a filament core (10'a) and at least one filament wing (10 "a) connected to it, and that further capillaries (25 c) for at least one further Material (10b) are arranged in the vicinity of the first capillaries (25 a) in such a way that the additional material (10b) lies against the core and at least partially surrounds it. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized by a pilot hole (31a) between the capillaries (25a, c) and the spinning capillary (32). Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the capillary bores (25 a, 25 c) are in a perforated plate (2) and in that a nozzle plate (3) is arranged on the outlet side of the perforated plate (2), the capillary bores (25 a, 25 c) a spinning unit opens into a pilot hole (31 a) in the adjoining nozzle plate, and the pilot hole (31 a) opens into a spinning capillary (32) in the nozzle plate (3). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a distribution system or melt plate (1) for different material flows (10 a, 10 b) is arranged on the inlet side of a perforated plate (2), which (s) slots (12a, b, c) for Distribution of the material components on the different capillaries. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pilot hole (31 a) in a nozzle plate (3) is sealed on the inlet side by a projection (23) of a perforated plate, so that the capillaries (25 a, 25 c), which are on the head a projection (23) to the pilot hole (31 a) are open, communicate with this pilot hole (31 a). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the depth of a pilot hole (31 a) is at least twice the diameter of the hole. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a perforated plate (2) arranged upstream of the nozzle plate (3), a plurality of rows of bores, namely core bores (21 a, 21 b) and jacket bores (21 c), for the different rows Distributing different materials are arranged, the rows with holes (21 a, 21 b) for guiding the first material and the rows for guiding the second material (21 c) alternate and communicate with the capillaries (25a, c) assigned to them , Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each in alignment with the respective rows with core bores (21 a, 21 b) for a first material (10 a) and jacket bores (21 c) for a second material (10 b) Slots are located in a melt plate (1) arranged upstream of the perforated plate (2) for guiding the respective material, the slots (12 a, 12 b, 12 c) on the entry side to different zones (11 a, 11 b, 11 c) for feeding different ones Material flows (10 a, 10 b) are limited. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of bores (21 a, 21 b) for a first material (10 a) and further bores (21 c) for a second material are arranged in a perforated plate (2), the the latter bores (jacket bores) for the second material open into a trough (22) on the outlet side of the perforated plate (2), with jacket capillaries (25 c) at the edge of projections (23) communicating with the space which the trough forms, and that the former (core) bores (21 a, 21 b) pass directly into further capillaries (25 a) to guide a first material (10 a) in the middle of the projection (23), which is in alignment with the pilot hole (31 a ) of the adjoining nozzle plate (3), which pilot hole (31 a) is used to guide the flows of the first and second materials to a spinning capillary (32). Filament yarn or fibril (10) consisting of at least two material components (10 a, 10 b), produced according to one of the process claims and / or produced by means of one of the devices according to the device claims, wherein at least two liquefied components or materials (10a, b) by several Capillaries (25 a, 25 c) were fed to a spinning capillary (32), characterized in that the at least two liquefied components or materials (10a, b) were fed to the spinning capillary (32) through several capillaries (25 a, 25 c) , wherein a group of inner capillaries (25a) serve to form a coherent filament core, and wherein the material flows (10a) in the first capillaries (25 a) were guided in the center of a spinning unit such that the flows of a first material (10 a) to form a coherent core consisting of a filament core (10'a) and at least one filament wing (10 "a) connected to it clean, and that another material (10b) are arranged so that the additional material (10b) lies against the core and at least partially surrounds it. Filament yarn according to the preceding product claim, characterized in that the filament yarn is made up of at least two material components (10 a, 10 b). Filament yarn according to one of the preceding product claims, characterized in that the first material component (10 a) serves to form the filament yarn core, and in that the second material (10 b) forms a jacket which at least partially surrounds the core material (10 a). Filament yarn according to one of the preceding product claims, characterized in that the material core (10 a) of the filament yarn (10) is formed from several partial flows of a first material (10 a) and that the sheath of the filament yarn (10) consists of partial flows of a second material ( 10 b) is formed, the sheath of the second material component (10 b) at least partially surrounding the core of the first material component (10 a). Filament yarn according to one of the preceding product claims, characterized in that that the core, consisting of a first material (10 a) forms several arms, and that the casing made of the material (10 b) the Arms at least partially surrounded. Filament yarn according to one of the preceding product claims, manufactured as trilobal Bicomponent yarn, consisting of polyester or polypropylene in the core and / or polyamide in the jacket, in particular with constrictions on the core. Filament yarn according to one of the preceding product claims, characterized by additives in one component, preferably carbon pigments as antistatic agents.

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