EP1415024A1

EP1415024A1 - Production method for a filament yarn and a corresponding device

Info

Publication number: EP1415024A1
Application number: EP02737726A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Arthur Rebsamen
Original assignee: Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
Current assignee: Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
Priority date: 2001-08-03
Filing date: 2002-07-15
Publication date: 2004-05-06
Also published as: EP1452629A2; WO2003012180A1; US20070178182A1; EP1452629A3; DE10138249A1; CN1564884A; CN1629369A

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for producing one or more fibrils or filament yarns (10), whereby first capillaries (25a) are placed in the center of a spinning unit, for guiding flows of a first material (10a), and whereby additional capillaries (25c) provided for at least one additional material (10b) are placed in the vicinity of the first capillaries (25a), whereby all capillaries communicate with a spinning capillary (32). The invention is characterized in that the first capillaries (25a) are placed in the center of a spinning unit so that the flows of a first material (10a) unite to form a continuous core consisting of a filament core (10'a) and of at least one filament wing (10''a) joined thereto, and that additional capillaries (25c) for another materiel (10b) are placed in the vicinity of the first capillaries (25a) so that the additional material (10b) rests upon the core whereby at least partially enclosing it.

Description

Manufacturing process for a filament yarn and corresponding device

The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of the independent claim.

Numerous processes for producing bicomponent games or yarns with several components are known, it being a question of spinning several components at the same time, or of encasing a component with further components, or of mixing these with one another. A device is known from US Pat. No. 5,244,614 with which the inner component is brought to the spinneret through a single bore; the influence on the structure of a filament fibril, in particular its core, is thus very limited.

It is an object of the present invention to define a yarn consisting of at least two components and a manufacturing method and an apparatus therefor, the individual components and the physical properties being made possible by the choice of the material components and by their shape during spinning.

Another object of the present invention is to expand the field of use of existing yarn production plants. For example, depending on the order backlog, it may be expedient to produce filament games from three or only two components in one system. There is also the task in the production of yarns, the individual fibers of which are composed of several components, to control the material flows in a large number of spinnerets immediately before the formation of a filament or filaments, so that the partial components are as precise as possible, so that the filament cross-section has the desired Adheres to the shape as precisely as possible.

This object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. The dependent claims relate to advantageous developments of the method, the spinning device in question and the product (s).

A method for producing a filament yarn or a filament for a filament yarn by means of a spinning device is proposed, with at least at least two different liquefied components or materials are fed through several capillaries to a spinning capillary or spinneret, and at least two liquefied components or materials from at least a first and a second source are fed to a distribution system with openings, and further to a nozzle system. Of the material flows from material sources of a number n, which are fed to a melt plate or the distribution system, at least two flows, which are preferably fed in a first and a third zone, are passed through in at least one breakthrough, or a part of the breakthroughs summarized the melt plate, these breakthroughs communicating, so that at the outlet from the distribution system, or at the entry into a subsequent perforated plate and / or a nozzle plate, generally called a nozzle system, there are only material flows of a smaller number than n, which flows in the nozzle system refer to one Larger number of holes or spinnerets, where the number of material flows is n - x, with n> 3 and 1 <x <n-1 and integer values of x and n. A first material from a first source and a second source and another material from a third Source supplied. The distribution system essentially has a first main breakthrough or communicating main breakthroughs and a second main breakthrough or communicating second main breakthroughs, to collect the material flows from a first and a second source in the first main breakthrough on the one hand and to accommodate another material in the second main breakthrough on the other hand. Materials from a first and a second source can also be passed into a first main opening or communicating main openings, and further materials from a third and for example a fourth source can be fed to a second main opening and one or more further main openings, so that only combine the material flows from the first and second sources in a first major breakthrough. It is advantageous for the operator of such a system if the material flows from the individual sources are kept essentially the same size, which means that identical components are installed.

Such a concept has the advantage that mass distributions of different sizes in the end product, that is to say the filament yarn or the individual fibrils, have the same size Delivery components of the material, i.e. extruders, spinning pumps, spinning pots can be realized. If, for example, double the amount of material compared to the amount of material in the sheath of this yarn is to be present in a bicomponent yarn in the core, it is not necessary to provide different-sized delivery components of the core material or the sheath material, but rather several identical components are used for the delivery of the material that is compared to another material is consumed to a greater extent during the spinning process.

In a further embodiment of the invention, at least two material flows are combined into a single flow upstream of the actual distribution system, so that instead of originally n flows from n sources, nx flows result at the entry into the distribution system, with n> 3 and 1 <x <n -1 and integer values of x and n.

Furthermore, a method for producing a filament yarn, or a fibril for a filament yarn, is proposed, wherein at least two liquefied components or materials are fed through several capillaries to a spinning capillary or spinneret, and wherein the at least two liquefied components are fed through several capillaries to the spinning capillary and a group of inner capillaries serve to form a coherent filament core and another material in the outer capillaries encases the filament core. Thanks to their special guidance, the material flows in the first capillaries connect in the center in such a way that the flows of a first material combine to form a coherent core consisting of a filament core and at least one filament wing connected to it. Another material in additional capillaries in the vicinity of the first capillaries is fed in such a way that the additional material lies against the core and at least partially surrounds it.

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawing, the production of a single fibril of a yarn being explained in several exemplary embodiments. It is understood that in most applications several fibrils are combined into one yarn, if not excluded is that a yarn consists of a single fibril, which is preferably formed from several components. For the sake of simplicity, the fibril is referred to below as yarn or filament yarn.

Show it:

1,2,3 components of a spinning device which can be assembled into a spinning unit,

1a, b are schematic representations of the components in overview drawings

1c shows a diagram of the material flows from the sources to the spinning capillaries in the spinnerets

1d shows a diagram of a further material feed

Fig. 1e a modification of the embodiment, as indicated in Fig. 1c

Fig. 1f a further modification of the design

1g shows a modification of the embodiment according to FIG. 1a

1h shows a modification of the embodiment according to FIG. 1b

1k + 1l further modifications of the designs according to FIGS. 1a, b, g, h

2a shows a section through a component from FIG. 2nd

2b is a view of part of this component

Fig. 2c is a view according to another embodiment

3a shows a section through a component according to FIG. 3rd

Fig. 3b 3c Two embodiments of spinnerets and

Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a filament yarn which can be produced with a component according to Fig. 2b.

Object of the invention in a first aspect

The invention relates to a method for producing a filament yarn 10 or a fibril for a filament yarn by means of a spinning device, wherein at least two liquefied components or materials 10a, b are fed to a spinning capillary 32 through a plurality of capillaries 25a, 25c, characterized in that the at least two liquefied components or materials 10a, b are fed to the spinning capillary 32 through a plurality of capillaries 25a, 25c, a group of inner capillaries 25a serving to form a coherent filament core, and a further material 10b serving the filament core 10'a, 10 "coated. The material flows 10a can be guided in the first capillaries 25a in the center of a spinning unit in such a way that the flows of a first material 10a combine to form a coherent core consisting of a filament core 10'a and at least one filament wing 10 "a connected to it , wherein a further material 10b is guided into further capillaries 25c in the vicinity of the first capillaries 25a in such a way that the further material 10b lies against the core and at least partially surrounds it.

The components can consist of at least a first material 10 a and a second material 10 b, the materials in liquefied form emerging from the capillaries 25 a, 25 c being guided in parallel through a pilot hole 31 a and then together through the spinning capillary 32 to be pressed and to form a fibril or yarn 10.

A component 10a for the core of the filament yarn 10 is fed through a central capillary 25a and further peripheral capillaries 25a arranged at a regular distance therefrom, and a further component 10b is fed through jacket capillaries 25c which are further removed from the central capillary lie between the peripheral core capillaries.

The first material 10 a is fed from an extruder through central core bores 21 a, b, and the second material is fed through peripheral jacket bores 21 c of the spinning device.

The components 10a, 10b are fed through a distributor plate or melt plate 1, the first material 10a being divided into material flows in a first zone 11a and a third zone 11c and the second material 10b in a second zone 11d, wherein the material flows enter through slots on the inlet side of the melt plate 1 and pass through the second slots 12 c communicating with them on the underside of the melt plate into the capillaries 25 a and 25 c.

The invention also relates to a device for producing one or more fibrils or filament yarn 10, with first capillaries 25 a in the center of a spinning unit. are arranged, for guiding flows of a first material 10 a, and wherein further capillaries 25 c for at least one further material 10 b are arranged in the vicinity of the first capillaries 25 a, and wherein all capillaries communicate with a spinning capillary 32, characterized in that the first capillaries 25 a are arranged in the center of a spinning unit in such a way that the streams of a first material 10 a combine to form a coherent core consisting of a filament core 10 ′ a and at least one filament wing 10 “a connected to it, and that further capillaries 25 c for a further material 10b are arranged in the vicinity of the first capillaries 25a in such a way that the further material 10b lies against the core and at least partially surrounds it.

Subject of the invention in a further aspect

In general terms, the invention encompasses a method for producing a filament yarn 10, or a fibril for a filament yarn, by means of a spinning device, wherein at least two different liquefied components or materials 10 a, 10 b, which originate from at least a first and a second source 14-16 / 14'-16 ', a distribution system with openings 12 a, b, c, 13, 13', in particular a melt plate 1, are fed, and further a system of bores and nozzles 2, 3 are fed, in particular through several capillaries 25 a, 25 c are fed to a number of spinning capillaries 32, characterized in that at least two streams 10 a are combined from the material streams from n sources 14-16 / 14'-16 ', which are fed to a distribution system 1 or a melt plate are, so that at the entrance to a nozzle system 2/3, there are only nx different material flows 10 a, 10 b, which are in the nozzle nsystem 2/3 can be distributed over a larger number of holes 21a, 21c, or nozzles 32, with n> 3 and 1 <x <n-1 and integer values of x and n.

More generally formulated, the invention relates to a method and a device for producing a filament yarn 10 or a fibril for a filament yarn by means of a spinning device, wherein at least two different liquefied components or materials 10 a, 10 b by several capillaries of a spinning capillary 25 a, 25 c or Spinneret 32 are supplied, and wherein at least two liquefied components or materials 10 a, 10 b of at least a first and a two th source 14-16, 14'-16 'are fed to a distribution system with openings, and further to a nozzle system 3, characterized in that of the material flows 10 a, 10 b from n sources 14-16 / 14'-16' are fed to a distribution system, at least two streams are combined, and at least one breakthrough 12 a, 13 or system of breakthroughs are fed, while at least one further material stream 10 b of a further source 14 "-16" is fed separately to the distribution system 1, so that n Material flows 10 a, 10 b from n sources 14-16, 14 "-16", 14'-16 'are combined in such a way that in the further processing only n - x different material flows in openings 12 a, 12 c communicating with each other Distribution system 2 and nozzle systems are spun into filaments and the filaments are ultimately composed only of n - x different materials or material mixtures.

There are two different liquefied components or materials 10 a, 10 b, which come from at least a first and a second source 14-16 / 14'-16 ', a distribution system with openings 12 a, b, c, 13, 13 ", in particular a melt plate 1, and further fed to a system of bores and nozzles 2, 3, in particular by a plurality of capillaries 25 a, 25 c a number of spinning capillaries 32, characterized in that 14-16 of the material flows from n sources / 14'-16 ', which are fed to the melt plate or the distribution system 1, at least two streams 10 a, which are preferably fed in a first zone 11 a and a third zone 11 c, in at least one breakthrough or in one part of the openings 12 a, 12 c, 13 are summarized, so that in general at the outlet from the distribution system 1, or at the inlet into a subsequent perforated plate 2 and / or a nozzle plate 3 Called nozzle system 2/3, there are only nx different material flows 10 a, 10 b, which are distributed in nozzle system 2/3 over a larger number of holes 21 a, 21 c, or nozzles 32, with n> 3 and 1 <x <n-1 and integer values of x and n.

A first material 10 a is fed from a first 14-16 and a second source 14'-16 'and a further material 10 b from a third source 14 "-16", and the distribution system 1 essentially has a first main opening 12 a , 13 - or with mutually communicating main openings 12 a, 13, 12 b and a second main opening 12 c, 13 ', for jointly receiving the material flows from the first and second sources in the first main opening 12 a, 13 and for receiving the material 10 b in the second main opening 12 c, 13 '.

Materials 10 a from a first and a second source 14-16, 14'-16 "are passed into a first main opening 12 a, 13 or communicating main openings 12 a, 13, 12 b, and further materials from a third and a fourth Source 14 "-16", 14 "'- 16"' are fed to a second main opening 12 c, 13 'and a third main opening 12' c, 13 ", so that only the material flows 10 a from the first and second sources in a first major breakthrough 12 a, 13 combine.

The material flows from the individual sources 14-16, 14'-16 'are preferably essentially the same size.

The invention also relates to an associated device for producing a filament yarn 10 or a fibril for a filament yarn by means of a spinning device, wherein at least two different liquefied components or materials 10 a, 10 b can be fed to a spinning capillary 32 through several capillaries 25 a, 25 b, and wherein a distribution system 1 for melt streams of materials 10 a, 10 b is preceded by at least a first and a second source 14-16 / 14'-16 'and in the distribution system 1 openings 12 a, 12 b, 12 c, 13, 13' are arranged, which communicate with a nozzle system 3 for spinning filaments, characterized in that a number of n sources 14-16, 14 '- 16' are connected to the distribution system 1 such that at least two of the sources 14-16, 14 '-16' communicate with a first system of main breakthroughs 12 a, 13, 12 b, so that the material flows of both sources mentioned in the system mix, and that s at least one further source 14 "-16" is present, which transfers to another second system of second main openings 12c, 13 'that does not communicate with the first system. The distribution system 1 essentially has a first system of main openings 12 a, 13, 12 b communicating with one another, and a further system of main openings 12 c, 13 'not communicating with the first system.

The distribution system 1 is a flange or spinning pot 16 and this a spinning pump 15 and again this an extruder 14 upstream, with at least two extruders 14, 14 'and downstream, mentioned components 15, 15', 16, 16 'in one common main opening 13, or communicating partial openings 12 a, 12 b open.

On the inlet side of the distribution system 1, one or more slots or openings 12 a, 12 b are assigned to one or more spin pots 16, 16 ', which openings open into an elongated slot 13, and a further system of slots 12 c is present on the inlet side of the distribution system 1 , which opens into another long slot 13 '.

A first system of communicating openings 12 a, 12 b, 13, which is connected to at least two sources 14-16, 14'-16 ', communicates with a system of core bores 25 a, which are aligned with the central areas of spinnerets 32 , and another system of openings 12 c, 13 'of the distribution system 1, which communicates with a further source 14 "-16", merges into further bores, or jacket bores 21 c, which are aligned with the peripheral regions of spinnerets 32.

The spinnerets 32 have 2-arm or multi-arm capillaries 32 on FIG. 3 b for the production of multi-component filaments 10.

Subject of the invention in a third aspect

Essential elements of the device for producing one or more fibrils, or filament yarns 10, are first capillaries 25 a in the center of a spinning unit 3, for guiding streams of a first material 10 a, and further capillaries 25 c for at least one further material 10 b in the Environment of the first capillaries

10

25 a, characterized in that the capillaries 25 a, 25 b are in a perforated plate 2 which is attached to a nozzle plate 3 with spinning nozzles or spinning capillaries 32, wherein in each case in alignment with a spinning capillary 32 a projection 23 on that of the spinning capillary 32 , or the nozzle plate 3 facing side of the perforated plate 2, which projection 23 covers a pilot hole 31 a, which merges into the spinning capillary 32, with central capillaries 25 a running in the center of the projections 23 and more in the central region of the pilot hole 31 a open while other capillaries 25 c sit at the edge of a projection 23, such that these capillaries 25 c create a connection between a trough 22 facing the nozzle plate in the perforated plate 2 and the space of the pilot hole 31 a.

The perforated plate 2 is preceded by a distribution system 1, the central capillaries 25 a communicating with a first system of main openings 12 a, 12 b, 13 of the distribution system 1, which openings are fed together by at least two sources 14-16, 14'-16 ' and the other peripheral capillaries 25c communicate with a further system of main openings 12c, 13 'of the distribution system 1, which are connected to a further source 14 "-16".

In a preferred embodiment, two material components are processed in the method or with the device, namely polyester for the core of the yarn and polyamide as a covering of the yarn.

Usually, the material components are fed to the spinning device by several extruders, which is composed, among other parts, of a melt plate 1, a perforated plate 2 and a nozzle plate 3. 1, a melt plate 1 is divided into a first zone 11a, a second zone 11b and a third zone 11c. In the region of the first zone 11a and the third zone 11c, a meltdown, in other words liquefied material, for forming the core of the filament yarn, and in zone 11b, a meltdown, in other words material for forming the jacket of the filament yarn, is fed. This configuration is selected if twice as much material is to be arranged in the core as in the sheath of the filament yarn. Conversely, if the core of the filament yarn is weak and a voluminous sheath is sought, it is advantageous that man- tel material in two zones 11 a and 11 c and only supply the core material in a single zone 11 b. In any case, it is advisable to provide an extruder for each zone 11 a, 11 b, 11 c so that the same units can be used. For example, a tricolor yarn manufacturing plant can produce a bicomponent yarn on a two-component yarn, that is, a yarn made of at least two materials.

The various material flows are shown in principle in FIG. 1 a. From a first extruder 14, material 10a, indicated by an arrow in a first distribution system 12A, 13, is fed via a spinning pump 15 and a flange or spinning pot 16 to a first slot 12a, or a plurality of slots lying one behind the other, as shown in FIG. 1 , fed. A further material component is fed through a corresponding feed system 14 ′ - 16 ′ to a second slot 12 b, or a plurality of slots 12 b lying one behind the other. According to the example in FIG. 1 a, this is the same material as in slot 12 a. The material flows from the slots or shafts 12 a and 12 b can then spread out in an elongated slot 13 on the underside of the first distribution system 1. For each slot 12 a, or 12 b, there is an elongated slot 13 on the underside of the melt plate 1, which is aligned with a row of holes 21 a, according to the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 2 and 3, so-called core holes, i.e. for the melt of the filament. There are as many rows of core holes 21 a as there are slots 12 a or 12 b. The material also passes from the core bores 21 a into pilot bores 31 a, or spinning capillaries 32 in a subsequent third nozzle plate 3, the material, if it is core material for the filament, being fed into the center of the spinning capillary.

As shown in Fig. 1 b, there is another feed system 14 "- 16" at the entrance to a slot system 12 c in the plate 1, through which material 10 b, in the exemplary embodiment for the filament sheath, is fed. The feed system 14 "-16", like the other feed systems 14 -s 16 and 14'-16 ", is composed of an extruder, a spinning pump, a spinning pot with connecting lines 17. These feeding systems are also called sources for the material to be spun. According to 1 there are two slots 12 c, which receive the material from a spinning pot 16 "according to FIG. 1 b, which after flowing through the slots 12 c into another or other elongated slots 13 ', which passes between the first elongated slots 13 mentioned above The material 10b can be distributed in second elongated slots 13 'over the entire width of the melt plate 1 and continues into so-called jacket bores 21c, from where it can be distributed in a trough 22 on the underside of the perforated plate 2, as is also the case 2, 3, 2a, 3a This material 10b can then be projected on the outer edge of projections 23 on the underside of the perforated plate 2 according to Fig. 2a, 3a in pre-bores 31a and finally in the edge areas into the spinning capillary 32 occur where this material forms the sheath 10b of the filament according to Fig. 4. Figures 1 a and 1 b only show a rough overview of the distribution of the material, in Figures 2, 3, 2 a and 3 a, the details of the material management are explained.

In FIG. 1, as in the other figures, the material flows are symbolized by a strongly drawn and a dashed arrow, the first arrow indicating the direction of flow of the meltdown, the first material 10a, and the second arrow indicating the meltdown, ie the second material 10b should represent. The first material 10a can pass through the melt plate 1 through slots or openings 12a in the first zone 11a, as well as through slots 12b on the other side of the plate. Four slots or openings 12a and 12b are shown in each case. In between, the jacket melt or the second material 10b can get down through two slots or openings 12c in the central region of the melt plate. There are slots or depressions on the underside of the plate, which extend essentially in the horizontal direction over the entire longitudinal extent of the melt plate 1, the lower slots communicating with the upper slots 12a and 12b on the one hand, and other longitudinal slots on the underside with communicate the upper slots 12c. The longitudinal slots on the lower side must not merge into one another, since at this stage of the supply of the meltdown or the meltdown, the components must be routed separately. Since there are 2 x 4 = 8 slots for the meltdown and two slots for the meltdown in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, six slots are provided on the underside of this plate. ze, four of which are used to guide the meltdown and two to guide the meltdown.

According to FIG. 2, aligned with these slots are six rows of holes 21a, b with core bores and with jacket bores 21c, the jacket bores each lying between two core bores. On the underside of the perforated plate 2 with the bores mentioned there are two troughs 22, one of which is indicated by a broken line in the front part of the plate. The mentioned casing bores 21c open into these troughs 22, a series of such bores being provided for a trough. The other core bores 21a, 21b open on the underside in projections 23 which protrude from the two troughs 22. In FIG. 2 the flows of the meltdown or the meltdown are again identified with the respective part, the meltdown flowing through bores 21a, 21b and the meltdown passing through bores in a row 21c.

After the melt flows out of the perforated plate 2, the material reaches the area of the nozzle plate 3, whereby rows of holes 31a, 31b, 31c etc. are in alignment with the rows of holes of perforated plate 2, which are formed by core bores 21a, 21b. The extruded material, the meltdown and the meltdown, possibly also other melt components, leave the nozzle plate 3 through spinnerets or spinning capillaries 32, of which a single one is shown in FIG. 3a. The filament emerging from the capillaries consisting of at least two components is subjected to a treatment before it is further processed and wound up.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show cut lines Na and lilac, respectively, which define the cut representations in FIGS. 2a and 3a. It should be noted that the cuts through the perforated plate 2 and the nozzle plate 3 according to FIGS. 2a and 3a are upside down, so to speak, which is also expressed by the arrows symbolizing the reverse flow direction of the meltdown or the meltdown. 2a and 3a, only a section of a plate with currents in the direction of a single spinning capillary 32 is shown. The material of the meltdown penetrates into a core hole 21a from below into the perforated plate 2 and branches into several core capillaries 25a, which are in alignment with a pilot hole 31a from a third Row of holes. A spinning capillary or spinneret 32 connects to this pilot hole 31a on the outlet side of the nozzle plate according to FIG. 3a. According to FIG. 2a, the second material 10b or the jacket melt flows through a jacket bore 21c from the bottom upwards to the trough 22, where the jacket melt can be distributed around the projection 23 or the projections 23. At the edge of each projection 23 there is a recess, in other words a jacket capillary 25c, which is attached to the edge of a projection 23 such that when the perforated plate 2 and the nozzle plate 3 are pressed together, the edge of a pilot hole 31a on the inlet-side surface of the nozzle plate 3 is accurate lies at the level of the jacket capillary 25c, in other words above this recess, so that the jacket melt or the second material 10b from the trough 22 can enter the pilot hole 31a at the edge thereof through the jacket capillary 25a at several points according to the number of cutouts, while the core material or the first material 10a enters through the core capillaries 25a more towards the center of the pilot hole. The arrows in the pilot hole 31a according to FIG. 3a indicate that the first material 10a, i.e. the core melt, is more in the center of the pilot hole, while the second material 10b, i.e. the shell melt, flows in the edge region of the pilot hole 31a.

1 c shows general overviews of possible distributions of the material flows from the material sources 14 to the spinnerets 32, or spinning capillaries. 1 c and 2a, 3a, a first and a second material flow, each with the material 10a, in particular for forming the filament core, enter a first main opening 12a, 13 and from there further via core bores 21a into the area of core capillaries 25a in the perforated plate 2 in order to form the material core of the filament or the plurality of filaments. Furthermore, a third stream of material from the source 14 "-16", namely the material 10 b, is passed into another distribution system or into further main openings 12 c, 13 ', in order to from here through so-called jacket bores 21 c through the perforated plate 2 and finally also get into the spinnerets or spinning capillaries 32. The first partial stream 10 a then reaches the center of the spinnerets 32 via the core capillaries 25 a, while the second material stream 10 b from the source 14 ″ -16 ″ through peripheral jacket capillaries 25 c to the pilot bores 31 a or spinnerets 32. Different configurations of the core capillaries 25 a, related Approximately jacket capillaries 25 c are shown schematically in the lower part of Fig. 1 c.

1d, material streams 10a, 10a are combined via lines 17, 17 from two sources 14-16, 14'-16 "in a collector 18 before they reach the distribution system 1. Another material stream 10b separately flows directly into this Distribution system 1 and, like the combined material flows 10a, 10a through openings 12c and 12a, as described elsewhere, into perforated plate 2 and nozzle plate 3.

It has surprisingly been found that the material flows from the core capillaries 25a and the jacket capillaries 25c do not mix or overlap, but flow through the pre-bore 31a exactly in the axial direction, even if the length of this bore 31a is a multiple of its diameter. The hole pattern of the core capillaries 25a or the jacket capillaries 25c must be matched exactly to the shape of the spinning capillary or spinneret 32, as will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 2b and 3b, so that a filament with the desired properties results. In the exemplary embodiment of the perforated field according to FIG. 2b and the spinning capillary according to FIG. 3b, there are four core capillaries 25a which are arranged in a star shape, one core capillary 25a being in the center of a projection 23 and three further core capillaries 25a quasi like satellites around this central core capillary 25a are in particular evenly distributed. In the areas between the outer core capillaries 25a, at the edge of the projection 23 according to FIG. 2b, there are the openings or jacket capillaries 25c through which the jacket melt can flow in the direction of the pilot hole 31a.

3b shows the shape of the spinning capillary 32 with three wings or lobes (lobes) for the configuration of capillaries or bores or breakthroughs according to FIG. 2b. As mentioned, the material flows from the core capillaries 25a and. Sheath capillaries within a pre-bore 31a maintain their relative position to one another, the materials of the sheath melt flow along the edge of the pre-bore 31a also in the edge areas through the clear cross section of the capillary 32, i.e. in the outer areas of the wings, while the core melt is in the inner areas of the Wing of the capillary 32 and located in its center. 4 shows the composition of such a filament yarn, which is also called a trilobal yarn according to the English literature. 4 shows that four areas of the core material or the meltdown or the first material 10a are located in the interior of the cross section of a filament yarn 10, a filament core 10'a, to which filament wings 10a or 10a "are attached, located in the center 4, constrictions 10c can be seen between the filament wings 10a or 10 "a and the filament core 10'a. The boundary lines between the filament core 10'a and a filament wing 10a or 10 "a are drawn in arbitrarily, the material flows at the transitions between filament core 10'a and filament wing 10" a fusing together. According to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10, the core material 10a is completely enclosed by the casing material 10b, with the dashed line at 10d in the left part of FIG. 4 indicating that constrictions 10d in the second material of the casing melt 10b are also possible. Depending on the size of the jacket capillaries 25c, the material distribution can be determined which is applied to the core material 10a on the outside. It is conceivable that when the jacket capillaries 25c are arranged more in the vicinity of the core capillaries 25a, in the extreme case in their periphery, the second constrictions 10d are so pronounced that according to FIG. 4 at 10d there is no jacket material or material at all Mantle is applied to the core material 10a, so that at 10d this material is exposed to the outside. This can be advantageous for certain applications. With a corresponding design of the capillaries in the projections 23, it is also possible for the material flows from the core capillaries 25a and the jacket capillaries 25c to connect to one another only at certain points, for example on the very outside on the filament wings 10a or 10 "a, the material being the jacket melt can also split off from the filament wings 10a and 10 "a.

It is of course possible to arrange more or fewer such capillaries instead of four core capillaries 25a and three jacket capillaries 25c, as a result of which other yarn cross sections with more than three or even less than three wings can be created. 2c shows three core capillaries 25a, which form an obtuse angle with one another, and in their vicinity three jacket capillaries 25c, one of which lies within the range of the obtuse angle between the core capillaries 25a and the other two jacket capillaries 25c at an obtuse angle to this Angles are attached. The corresponding spinning capillary is shown in Fig. 3c. By correctly dimensioning the capillaries 25a and 25c, it is possible to produce a filament yarn with two wings, similar to that in FIG. 4, in contrast to the three wings in FIG. 4, one filament wing 10a in each case via a filament core 10'a with a further filament wing 10 "a is connected and these three elements of the filament core are more or less enclosed by a jacket made of the three jacket capillaries 25c according to FIG. 2c. Such a two-winged filament yarn with a cross section similar to the shape of the spinning capillary 32 according to FIG. 3c has certain properties which can be advantageous in the further processing of the filament.

The spinning process and the device according to the above description are characterized in particular by the fact that a filament yarn is created with an at least partial sheathing, the actual material core of this filament, consisting of one or more core melt materials, more or less pronounced constrictions at the transitions between the filament wings 10 "a and the filament core 10'a, which can result in a soft feel or high flexibility of the filament yarn, which leads to advantageous product properties during further processing of the filament or in the corresponding end product.

Subject of the invention in a fourth aspect

According to a further aspect of the invention, it is proposed to design a spinning package consisting of a distribution system 1, a perforated plate 2 and a nozzle plate 3 such that several, that is to say n (n> 3) components are fed in, and these n components are separated Distribute material flows over a large number of bores, so that on the outlet side of the spin pack 1, 2, 3 according to FIGS. 1 g, 1 h, 1 k, 1 I, or according to FIGS. 1 e and 1 f, from one Nozzle system, the partial material flows are driven out so that nx (x <n-1) yarn types are created. These can be differently colored yarns and / or those yarns which are composed of different material components. Less than n different yarns are then produced from n different material components at the entry of the spin pack. It is a process for operating a spinning machine for producing different yarns or yarn types in groups, wherein in each yarn type or group of yarns there is an identical structure of the yarns from different material components, preferably with several extruders, of which different materials 10 a, 10 b can be fed to one or more spin packs 1, 2, 3, which spin pack or which spin packs has at least one distribution system 1, 2 with a distributor plate and spinnerets 32, recesses 12 c or 12 a in the spin pack for receiving the materials are present, characterized in that at least a first material 10 c for a first component of a first yarn type can be fed into at least one depression or depressions which only extend over part of a spin pack, and for other yarn types which include the first yarn type can, and the total of a plurality of spinnerets 32 be pinned, at least one further material 10 b can be introduced into at least one recess 12 b, from where this material can be distributed over a larger or the entire extent of a distribution system 1, 2, 3 in order to be in individual bores 21 of a distribution plate 2 to reach relevant spinnerets 32.

A spinning machine for carrying out the above method for producing different yarns in groups, wherein in each group of yarns there is an identical structure of the yarns from different material components, with several extruders, of which different materials 10 a, 10 b can be fed to one or more spin packs Which spin pack or which spin packs has at least one distribution system with a distributor plate with depressions and spinnerets, is characterized in that at least one depression or a system of depressions 12 c or 12 a in the distribution system of the spin packet for receiving at least a first material component for there is a component of a yarn type consisting of a plurality of spinnerets 32, which extend only over a delimited part of a spin pack, and that for further or all yarns to be produced there is at least one further input depression 12 b, from where a further one it material can be distributed over a larger extent of the distribution system 1 in a larger part of the system or in the entire system, in order to separate into individual bores 21 of a distribution plate 2 compared to the depressions of the first Material major part of wells or ultimately to reach all wells or spinnerets 32.

A possible configuration is shown in FIGS. 1 g and 1 h, the situation as in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b being essentially the same, with the difference that material sources 14 to 16 and 14 'to 16' the material, or different materials, for the sheaths of multi-component yarns are fed in and only a single component 14 "to 16" according to FIG. 1 h is used to form the core of the filament yarns. Of course, several material sources for different core materials can also be arranged, as is the case in FIG. 1 g for the supply of different jacket materials. Contrary to the explanations relating to FIG. 1 a, according to FIG. 1 g, at least two spinning pots 16/16 'with different materials are made available at the entry into the distribution system 1. These different materials pass through the slots 12 a and 12 b into a respective chamber 13.1 or 13.2, also called long slots. The different materials 10 a in the different slots 13.1 and 13.2 can then enter holes 22.1 and 22.2, respectively, through bores 21a. As described above for the trough 22, these troughs face the nozzle plate 3. It results that in the left part of the arrangement according to FIG. 1 g, a different material than in the right part is fed in, so that different yarns are produced from a single spinning package 1, 2, 3.

According to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 h, only a single core material 10 b, that is to say to form the yarn cores, is fed to the distribution system 1 from a material source 14 ″ to 16 ″. One and the same core material 10 b is thus made available for all the yarns that emerge from the arrangement. Generally speaking, at least one material component is available for larger areas of the spin pack, and other components are only used for smaller areas. Of course, other material sources, not shown, can also be arranged in addition to the material source 14 "to 16" in order to produce further different types of yarn. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 b, the core material passes through a shaft 12 c (instead of the jacket material according to FIG. 1 b) into a distribution slot, or a plurality of distribution slots 13 ', and from this into core bores 21 c, which extend up to Exit side of the perforated plate 2 against the troughs 22.1 and 22.2 are shielded by projections 23, as has already been explained in detail in the description of FIG. 2a. Basically, it should be noted that, as already indicated, in Fig. 1 g the distribution of the material for the formation of several yarn jackets and in Fig. 1 h the guidance of the material for the formation of the yarn cores is shown. For FIGS. 1 g and 1 h, with regard to the selected designations, the bores 21 a, 21 c do not lead to the core material or jacket material as shown in FIG , Yarns with different sheaths result, the core materials being identical or different depending on the number of core materials.

A similar configuration is shown in FIGS. 1 k and 1 I, with the basic difference that the material 10 a for the formation of the yarn cores is supplied to the distribution system 1 by the material sources 14 to 16 and 14 'to 16', while only a single material source 14 "to 16" is provided for the jacket material 10 b. 1 k and 1 I correspond exactly to that in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b, but the elongated slot 13 is divided into a first elongated slot 13.1 and a second elongated slot 13.2. Several such slots 13.1 and 13.2 are provided one behind the other. It is thus possible to introduce different core materials from the spinning pots 16 or 16 ′ into the distribution system 1 and to carry them on separately. With regard to the description of the individual components, as shown in FIGS. 1 k and 1 I and also 1 g, 1 h, the description of FIGS. 1 a and 1 b and 1, 2, 2 a, 3, 3 a referenced. Yarns with different cores result, whereby the sheath materials can also be different when sheath material sources are executed several times. Basically, it should be noted that in the case of multi-component yarns, the materials in the fiber cross section can be arranged in such a way that there is no completely enclosed core.

To clarify the guidance of the different materials in the configurations according to FIGS. 1 g, 1 h, 1 k, 1 I, the disposition for the supply of different materials is shown in FIGS. 1 e and 1 f, whereby, as mentioned above , nx yarns can be created from n components. The material flow diagram in FIG. 1 e corresponds to that in FIGS. 1 g and 1 h, with a first one in the exemplary embodiment Material 10 c for yarn jackets and a second material 10 a for a further group of yarn jackets is fed, each in recesses 12 c and 12 a. Next, a core material 10 b that is the same for all yarns is introduced into a recess 12 b, from where this material can be distributed over the entire length of the distribution system 1 in order to penetrate individual core bores 21 a of a distributor plate 2.

It applies to a concept according to FIG. 1e as well as to the concepts already described that the different materials come from different sources 14 to 16, 14 'to 16' and 14 "to 16". The entry-side slots 12 a, 12 b, 12 c each merge into exit-side slots 13, 13 ', 13 ", which communicate with the various bores, that is, jacket bores 21 c, or core bores 21 a it can be seen that, as shown by dashed lines in the lower part in the perforated plate 2, there is a connection from the various bores mentioned to the core capillaries 25 a, or jacket capillaries 25 c. The systems of bores for the core material, or jacket material, and of As indicated schematically, capillaries 21, 25 are combined in preferably separate groups, for example a hole pattern of capillaries with three core capillaries and three outer capillaries indicated in the periphery can be combined into one group as shown below on the left, while another group of bores, or capillaries, see schematic in the nozzle plate 2 in the right part represented atatically, with four core holes and six jacket holes in an exemplary embodiment, in a second group according to the right block of holes in the perforated plate 2, summarized. A perforated plate 2 can of course also be divided into several sections, as is indicated by the dashed line in the middle of the perforated plate 2 between the perforated groups 21, 25, or 21 ', 25'.

A similar representation can be found in FIG. 1 f, wherein only a single jacket material 10 b is distributed through openings 12 b or slots 13 "over the entire width of a distribution system 1 or a perforation system 3. This jacket material passes further through jacket holes 21 a, b in jacket capillaries 25 c in the perforated plate 2. In addition, there are two material flows of core material 10 a, 10 c from sources 14 to 16, and 14 'to 16', which can only be catch according to the representation of the staggered openings 12 c, 13 ', or 12 a, 13, can spread over certain areas of the distribution system. These different core materials 10 a or 10 c, respectively, reach core capillaries 25 a in perforated plate 2 through core bores 21 c, and further through adapted spinnerets 32 according to FIG. 3 a, which are aligned with the bores or capillaries.

It goes without saying that there are basically no limits to the material distribution of n materials from n sources (n> 2). For example, the different materials do not have to be concentric with one another in the finished yarn, which means that the core and jacket bores defined by definition do not have to be positioned such that core bores are in the inner area and jacket bores are in the outer area. A multi-component yarn can also be designed in such a way that the so-called core bores lie in the vicinity of the alignment of the spinnerets 32 in addition to so-called laterally more distant jacket bores, so that there is virtually no concentric encasing of the core components by jacket components.

The various variants described can be implemented by a multicolor machine (for example a tricolor machine) in which the tricolor spinnerets are replaced by multicomponent spinnerets. A multi-color machine can thus be upgraded to a multi-component machine. In particular, a three-color machine can be converted to a two-component machine. The retrofitting merely consists in the spinning package consisting, for example, of a distribution system 1, a perforated plate system 2 and a spinning plate system 3 as described above. In this way, yarns can be produced in which, for example, the core consists of undyed polymer or the sheath consists of differently colored polymers, or different types of polymer form the core.

Three extruders are preferably equipped with metering devices for coloring the melts. However, there may also be different numbers of extruders. In conventional multi-color machines, it is common to use three different to lead different colored melt streams in melt lines to the spinning beam, where a further division takes place before feeding into spinnerets. The different, colored melts are guided separately so that they reach the spinnerets in spatially separate areas.

As mentioned, the spinnerets of multicolor spinning machines are now replaced by spinnerets for multicomponent yarns. A multi-component filament can emerge from each capillary opening as described. By combining components of multicolor machines and components of machines for the production of filaments from several material components, any combination and thus yarn types can be produced in one and the same spinning package.

The following preferred variants can be used in practice:

1. Bicomponent yarn on a tricolor spinning machine

When using a tricolor spinning machine for bicomponent yarn, at least one extruder is used to melt the polymer for the core of the biko yarn. The remaining extruders are used to melt the jacket polymer. Each polymer stream is fed to the spinning beam in a melt line. The melt streams are further divided in the spinning beam and finally a partial stream of each polymer is fed into the spinneret. In the spinneret, the polymer streams are brought together to form a biko-gam. Assuming that an extruder is used for the core material, the material content of the core in each filament is approximately 33% and the material content of the casing is approximately 67%.

Larger material portions of the core in each filament are achieved if the tricolor spinning machine uses two extruders for the core material and one extruder for the sheath material. In this case, the material content of the core in each filament comprises approximately 67% and that of the sheath approximately 33% (see Fig. 1 c).

The above ratios apply to the use of spinning pumps of the same size for all polymers and for the same spinning pump speeds. For the specialist it is clear that with different spinning pump sizes and / or other spinning pump speeds, the material quantity flows can be controlled by each extruder and the material ratio of core portion to jacket portion can be chosen as desired.

2. Bicomponent bicolor yarn on a tricolor spinning machine

If an extruder is used for the core material on the Tricolor spinning machine when using bicomponent yarn, the remaining two extruders can be used to process jacket material with a different color additive (masterbatch). Bicomponent bicolor yarn is then spun. The core share is approx. 33% and the coat share of each color is 33%, for a total of approx. 67%. These proportions can be varied as required, depending on the machine version.

2 a) Bicomponent yarn with different sheath polymer on a tricolor spinning machine

Analogous to point 2 above, different polymers can be used in the jacket on the remaining two extruders. This means that part of the filaments can be given a significantly different property, such as electrical conductivity, shrinking behavior, chemical affinity, etc.

3. Bicomponent yarn with different types of cores on a tricolor spinning machine If an extruder is used for the sheath material on the tricolor spinning machine when using bicomponent yarns, different types of core material can be processed on the remaining two extruders. Then bicomponent yarns are spun with different core materials. The core share is approx. 33%. Half of all filaments have a core made of material 1 and half of all filaments have a core made of material 2. The core materials can only differ in color. However, they preferably differ in their physical properties in order to generate particular added value when using the end products. These include electrically conductive additives, antibacterial agents, polymers with different shrinkage behavior, etc.

According to the invention, multicolor machines with n extruders (or n different types of melt streams with n> 3) can be used to produce Serve bicomponent yarns. The following bicomponent yarns can be spun:

1. core - coat; where all filaments are the same

2nd core - coat; where core is the same for all filaments and shells can be different

3rd core - coat; where sheath is the same for all filaments and the cores can be different

4. core - cladding; the shells and the cores can be different.

By using the devices described according to the invention, multi-component yarns (core / sheath) can also be produced in which only the sheath or the core is colored.

In the case of carpet yarn, for example, the coloring is usually carried out by adding dyes during spinning (spin dyeing) or in the finished yarn or carpet (yarn dyeing, printing, piece dyeing). The dyeing process is complete when the dye is completely and evenly distributed in the yarn. The cost of the dye can be the same as the polymer cost. If it is possible to produce the dye with a device or system described in accordance with the invention, a significant cost reduction can be achieved. The savings options can be broken down as follows:

1. Bicomponent yarn with colored coat

The dyeing of a thin coat layer of the filament can be enough to color the yarn alone.

If only the sheath is made from a polymer to which an additive (masterbatch) has been added during the spin-dyeing of core-sheath yarn, half of the dye can be saved with a core / sheath ratio of 50:50. This means a reduction in raw material costs of approx. 12 to 25%. 2. Bicomponent yarn with colored core

Since polymer is often transparent, the color can be obtained by spinning the core material. If only the core is made from a polymer mixed with masterbatch when spinning dyed core-sheath yarn, half of the dye can be saved with a core / sheath ratio of 50:50. This means a reduction in raw material costs of approx. 12 to 25%.

Another problem with dyed yarn is the so-called color fastness. This means staining (rubbing off on contact) or bleeding (washing out on wet treatment). If the spun-dyed core is now covered by a colorless coat, the color fastness is improved. The savings are therefore not only in a reduction of the dye, but the utility value of the yarn is increased, or a less expensive dye can be used.

3. Bicomponent yarn for piece dyeing

The use of core-sheath yarn for piece dyeing allows the use of sheath polymer with sole color affinity for a certain class of dyes. In this way it can be achieved that the dye is only absorbed in the jacket and thus the required amount of dye is reduced.

Significant cost reductions can also be achieved in the production of antistatic yarns by using the agents according to the last (fourth) aspect of the invention. For example, antistatic material can only be used in the production of yarns with different sheaths in part of the different sheath components, so that the antistatic properties are still present while saving the antistatic material. You can also limit yourself to generally only providing the material in the jacket with an antistatic effect. Furthermore, when dividing a spinning package over several hole systems, as mentioned in connection with the description of FIG. 1 f, the antistatic material can remain restricted to a single group of holes 3.

Claims

claims

1. Device for producing one or more fibrils or filament yarns (10), at least one first capillary (25 a) or several capillaries being arranged in the center of a spinning unit (3) for guiding streams of a first material (10 a), and wherein further capillaries (25 c) for at least one further material (10 b) are arranged in the vicinity of the first capillaries (25 a), characterized in that the capillaries (25 a, 25 b) are arranged in a perforated plate ( 2), which is attached to a nozzle plate (3) with spinning nozzles or spinning capillaries (32), wherein in each case in alignment with a spinning capillary (32) there is a projection (23) on that of the spinning capillary (32) or the nozzle plate (3 ) facing side of the perforated plate (2), which projection (23) covers a pilot hole (31 a) which merges into the spinning capillary (32), central capillaries (25 a) running in the center of the projections (23) and more in the middle range eich the pilot hole (31 a) open, while other capillaries (25 c) sit on the edge of a projection (23), such that through these capillaries (25 c) a connection between a trough (22) facing the nozzle plate in the perforated plate ( 2) and the space of the pilot hole (31 a).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforated plate (2) is upstream of a distribution system (1), the central capillaries (25 a) with a first system of main openings (12 a, 12 b, 13) of the distribution system ( 1) communicate which breakthroughs are jointly fed by at least two sources (14-16, 14'-16 '), and that the other peripheral capillaries (25 c) with another system of main breakthroughs (12 c, 13') of the distribution system (1) communicate, which are connected to a further source (14 "-16").

3. Device according to one of the preceding claims. Wherein first capillaries (25 a) are arranged in the center of a spinning unit, for guiding streams of a first material (10 a), and wherein further capillaries (25 c) for at least one further material (10b ) are arranged in the vicinity of the first capillaries (25 a), and all capillaries communicate with a spinning capillary (32), characterized in that the first capillaries (25 a) are in the center of a spinning unit are arranged that the streams of a first material (10 a) combine to form a coherent core consisting of a filament core (10'a) and at least one filament wing (10 "a) connected to it, and that further capillaries (25 c) for a further material (10b) is arranged in the vicinity of the first capillaries (25 a) in such a way that the further material (10b) lies against the core and at least partially surrounds it.

4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a distribution system or a melt plate (1) for different material flows (10 a, 10 b) is arranged on the inlet side of a perforated plate (2), which slots (12a, b, c) for Distribution of the material components on the different capillaries.

5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the depth of a pilot hole (31 a) is at least 2 times the bore diameter.

6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in one of the nozzle plate (3) upstream perforated plate (2) several rows of bores, namely core bores (21 a, 21 b) and jacket bores (21 c), for the different Rows of different materials to be distributed are arranged, the rows alternating with bores (21 a, 21 b) for guiding the first material and the rows for guiding the second material (21 c) alternating with the capillaries (25a, c ) communicate.

7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in each case in alignment with the respective rows with core bores (21 a, 21 b) for a first material (10 a) and jacket bores (21 c) for a second material (10 b ) there are slots in a melt plate (1) arranged upstream of the perforated plate (2) for guiding the respective material, the slots (12 a, 12 b, 12 c) on the entry side to different zones (11 a, 11 b, 11 c ) for the supply of different material flows (10 a, 10 b) are limited. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of bores (21 a, 21 b) for a first material (10 a) and further bores (21 c) for a second material are arranged in a perforated plate (2), the the latter bores (jacket bores) for the second material open into a trough (22) on the outlet side of the perforated plate (2), with jacket capillaries (25 c) at the edge of projections (23) communicating with the space which the trough forms, and that the former (core) bores (21 a, 21 b) pass directly into further capillaries (25 a), for guiding a first material (10 a) in the middle of the projection (23), which is in alignment with the pilot hole (31 a ) of the adjoining nozzle plate (3), which pilot hole (31 a) serves to guide the flows of the first and second materials to a spinning capillary (32)