EP1448943A1

EP1448943A1 - Drier for continuous flow drying of food products

Info

Publication number: EP1448943A1
Application number: EP02760024A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Heinz Resch; Hermann Zwyssig
Original assignee: Buehler AG
Current assignee: Buehler AG
Priority date: 2001-11-30
Filing date: 2002-09-20
Publication date: 2004-08-25
Anticipated expiration: 2022-09-20
Also published as: DE50207036D1; DOP2002000535A; RU2297581C2; ATE328260T1; MA26234A1; RU2004119857A; TNSN04075A1; AU2002325766A1; US6895687B2; EP1448943B1; US20050050753A1; BR0214181A; CN100386583C; PE20030542A1; CN1592838A; DE10158446A1; AR036929A1; WO2003046454A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a drier for continuous flow drying of food products, especially pasta, inside said drier with adjustable and/or conditioning zones along the continuous flow path of the product. The inside of the drier can be accessed by a maintenance technician and the respective horizontal segments (21, 22, ..., 28, 31, 32, ..., 38) of the side walls (2, 3) are sub-divided perpendicular to the direction of the continuous flow from top to bottom into respectively at least two vertical (21a, 22a, ..., 28a, 21b, 22b, ..., 28b, 31a, 32a, ..., 38a, 31b, 32b, ..., 38b) which are respectively curved in an outer direction and which can also be moved away from the housing (1) in an independent manner, enabling the maintenance technician to have access to the inside from the respective point of a vertical segment (21a, 22a, ..., 28a, 21b, 22b, ..., 28b, 31a, 32a, ..., 38a, 31b, 32b, ..., 38b) moved away from the housing (1).

Description

Dryers for continuous drying of food products

The invention relates to a dryer for the continuous drying of food products, in particular of pasta, along a product passageway inside the dryer with adjustable and / or controllable climates along the product passageway, the dryer an insulating housing with outwardly curved side walls which are divided along the substantially horizontal product passage direction in each case into individual horizontal segments or longitudinal segments, which are moved away from their sealing position independently of the housing so that the dryer interior is accessible to a maintenance person.

Such dryers, especially for pasta, are known and have been used successfully in the food industry, especially the pasta industry, for many years.

In these known dryers, the side doors or flaps, which are referred to as sheet plates, which allow access to the dryer interior, extend from the ceiling area to the floor area over the entire height of the dryer housing. The hinged usually at its upper horizontal edge on the dryer housing flaps are therefore difficult to handle due to their size and their consequent weight. Thus, on the one hand a large force must be applied by a maintenance person, who wants to get into the dryer inside to raise the flaps and to swing up, and on the other hand pivot the flaps at a large angle from the dryer housing to enough space to enter the dryer inside to have. Another disadvantage of the large valves is their strong absolute deformation due to their size due to temperature changes. In the case of domed flaps with a given deflection, a temperature increase and the length expansion caused thereby with a closed flap leads to a noticeable increase in the deflection, which results in many Cases leads to leakage problems of the dryer door or sheet plate. Although these leaks problems could be solved by correspondingly large and deformable over wide areas seals, but the problem of difficult and cumbersome handling when opening and closing remains unsolved.

The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a dryer of the type mentioned, the doors or sheet plates easy handling and good ergonomics for a maintenance person who wants to get into the dryer interior, and also have a low susceptibility to leakage problems with temperature changes.

This object is achieved in that in the dryer mentioned above, the respective horizontal segments or longitudinal segments of the side walls are again divided perpendicular to the product passage direction from bottom to top in each case at least two vertical segments, which are each arched outwards and also moved away from the housing independently are so that the maintenance person at the respective location of a moving away from the housing vertical segment has access to the dryer interior. This vertical subdivision of the horizontal segments into lower and upper vertical segments reduces the weight and dimensions of the flaps formed by the vertical segments, thus allowing easier handling of the flaps during opening and closing of the dryer housing due to the lower weight and lower bulkiness. Due to the smaller dimensions and the temperature-induced deformations and associated changes in the deflection of the domed flaps are less pronounced and can be well balanced by the elastic seals between the flaps and the dryer housing. But this also the tightness problems of the prior art are solved.

Preferably, on the outside of the housing wall, each moveable vertical segment of the housing wall is assigned a floor area accessible to the maintenance person, wherein in particular at least some of the vertical segments adjoining along the product passage direction are assigned a continuous accessible floor area. This walk-in floor area is eg the hall floor, on which the entire dryer stands, or a gallery-like or balcony-like, attached to the dryer housing bottom area for upper dryer floors. Thus, a laborious and often dangerous climbing the upper dryer floors with the help of ladders or similar aids is unnecessary.

Conveniently, the vertical segments are hinged hinged to the dryer housing and can be pivoted away from the housing. The hinge-like hinges can be equipped with a pressure point, so that when swiveling away the vertical segments an initially increasing positive force must be applied until, after overcoming a maximum positive force, a negative force supports the further swinging away. Such a pressure point is particularly advantageous when the vertical segments are pivoted upwards. In this case, the upwardly pivoted vertical segments or sheet plates remain without additional support in its open position.

Preferably, the outwardly protruding curvature of the side walls or the vertical segments is a one-dimensional curvature with straight generators. In this case, the one-dimensional curvature of the vertical segments on the one hand be formed so that the linear generatrix of the curvature surface are parallel to the product passage direction and the hinge-like articulation at the top of the vertical segments is arranged with a parallel to the rectilinear generatrix axis of rotation, so that the vertical segments as a "flap "are swung upwards. On the other hand, the one-dimensional curvature of the vertical segments may also be formed such that the straight generatrices of the arch surface are orthogonal to the product flow direction, and the hinge-like articulation is located on a lateral vertical edge of the vertical segments with a rotation axis parallel to the rectilinear generatrix such that the vertical segments can be swung sideways as a "door".

The vertical segments are expediently pressed sealingly against the housing by at least one tension band in their closed position, the tension band or the tension bands being applied to the outside of the respective vertical segment. and the rectilinear generators of the curvature of the vertical segment orthogonal crossing.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, in the region of the subdivision of the respective horizontal segments from bottom to top between the lower arched vertical segment and the upper arched vertical segment is arranged in each case a substantially vertically extending, preferably flat wall region. By this measure, the maximum width of the dryer housing is reduced and achieved an approximately rectangular cross-section of the dryer housing perpendicular to the product passage direction. This makes sense ergonomically since it facilitates access to the upper vertical segment and its operation.

A possibly existing subdivision of the dryer interior into an upper dryer interior and a lower dryer interior is preferably at the level of this substantially vertically extending wall region.

In the upper dryer interior and the lower dryer interior, e.g. in each case a separate dryer climate be adjustable. To adjust the dryer climate, the temperature and humidity of the dryer interior must be changeable. This is done by energizing and draining e.g. via supply lines and outlets for water vapor, electricity and dry or moist hot air. For such diverse supply lines, either an attachment region may extend laterally along the dryer and / or above the respective vertical segments along the dryer. In this way, the supply of the dryer is accomplished from above, whereby the number of supply lines in the bottom portion and side portion of the dryer housing is reduced.

The energy supply or material removal is preferably carried out centrally via the front sides or front sides of the dryer.

Conveniently, the accessible floor area assigned to each movable segment on the outside of a housing wall is at least for the upper vertical segments of the housing wall (upper dryer floors) like a gallery. educated. This eliminates the need for lifts or ladders for access to the upper dryer floors.

Preferably, the gallery-like bottom portion is supported on supports laterally projecting from the dryer, with the supports preferably extending transversely of the direction of product travel. These carriers extending transversely of the dryers are preferably arranged between the upper and lower curved vertical segments. Preferably, these beams protrude from the two side walls, and it extends along both side walls of the dryer, a walk-on floor area or intermediate floor supported on these projecting beams. Conveniently, this galerieartig trained floor area is additionally supported by tie rods from above, which are in particular attached to cross members at the top, ie at the "roof" or ceiling area of the dryer.

In addition to the gallery-like designed floor areas for the upper dryer floors, the roof of the dryer can also have a walk-in floor area ("roof garden"). In addition, the dryer according to the invention can be surrounded in several floors by accessible floor areas, which are connected to each other by fixed staircases, conveniently the tie rods over which the floor areas are suspended from the cross members on the ceiling area of the dryer together with crossbars extending horizontally along extend the dryer and cross the vertical tie rods, form a railing for the gallery-like floor area.

Further advantages, features and possible applications of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of the dryer according to the invention obliquely from above;

Fig. 2 shows a view of the end face of the dryer according to the invention; Fig. 3 shows a view of the side surface of the dryer according to the invention;

Fig. 4 is a top view of the dryer according to the invention;

Fig. 5a and Fig. 5b comparatively show a view of the end face or a cross section of a dryer of the prior art and a view of the end face of the inventive dryer.

The dryer shown perspectively obliquely from above in FIG. 1 has an insulating housing with outwardly curved side walls 2, 3 as well as flat end faces at the respective end of its longitudinal extent. The dryer housing stands on feet 16, which ensures a distance from the hall floor. The side walls 2, 3 are partially bulged outward, while the ceiling area 4 and the bottom area of the dryer are essentially flat. The front and rear end face of the dryer, which is just shown in the figure, can be understood as a front and rear sectional plane by a dryer of any length according to the invention, with eight horizontal segments 21, 22,... 28 forming the side wall 2 between the two cut surfaces. and eight horizontal segments 31, 32, ... 38, which form the side wall 3, are shown.

The horizontal segments 21 to 28 (see Fig. 4) of the right side wall 2 and the horizontal segments 31 to 38 (see Fig. 4) of the left side wall 3 are also each divided along the vertical direction into three different segments. Each horizontal segment 21 to 28 of the left side wall 2, and each horizontal segment 31 to 38 of the right side wall 2 is in each case in an outwardly arched lower vertical segment 21 a, 22 a, .., 28 a and 31 a, 32 a, ..., 38 a and subdivided into an upper vertical segment 21b, 22b,..., 28b or 31b, 32b,..., 38b, between each of which a middle plane region 21c, 22c,..., 28c, and 31c, 32c, respectively, .., 38c is located. The respective lower vertical segments 21a to 28a and 31a to 38a are assigned to a lower dryer interior 10, while the upper vertical segments 21b to 28b and 31b to 38b are assigned to an upper dryer interior 9. On the Height of the planar portions 21c to 28c and 31c to 38c of the side wall 2 and 3 of the dryer is preferably a climate separation 18 (see Fig. 2) arranged, which separates the lower dryer interior 10 from the upper dryer interior 9.

The lower vertical segments 21 a to 28 a and the upper vertical segments 21 b to 28 b of the right side wall 2 and the lower vertical segments 31 a to 38 a and the upper vertical segments 31 b to 38 b of the left side wall 3 are formed as access doors or access flaps, each at its upper Edge 6 (see Fig. 2) about a rotational axis D (Fig. 1) are hinged to the dryer housing. In this way, the lower and upper vertical segments of the left and right side walls 2, 3 of the dryer housing can be pivoted outwards (see FIG. 5) and thus allow access into the dryer interior.

Each of the upwardly pivotable vertical segments has a left strap 7 and a right strap 8, at the lower end of each of which a tensioning device 7a or 8a is mounted. With this clamping device, the vertical segments can be fixed in their closed position. When closing the respective vertical segment is pivoted down, and the tensioning device 7a or 8a is hung on the dryer housing which by tensioning a lever of the clamping device 7a and 8a, the clamping band 7 and 8 is tensioned and by its voltage the respective vertical segment sealing against the Drier housing is pressed.

All of the vertical segments 21a to 28a, 21b to 28b, 31a to 38a and 31b to 38b are one-dimensionally curved and form a curved surface resulting from shifting a rectilinear generatrix G along a curved path, the curved path conforming to the view of the vertical segments 21a, 21b, 31a and 31b of Fig. 2 corresponds. Thus, the tension bands 7 and 8 of each vertical segment are perpendicular to the generatrix G of the respective vertical segment.

The lower vertical segments 21a to 28a and 31a to 38a of the right and the left side wall 2, 3 of the dryer are readily accessible via the hall floor on which the dryer is parked with his feet 16. Thus, the upper vertical segments 21 b to 28 b and 31 b to 38 b of the right and the left side wall 2, 3 of the Trockners are just as easily accessible, an additional floor area or intermediate floor 5 is provided which extends from the flat areas 21 c to 28 c and 31 c to 38 c of the right and left side wall 2, 3 of the dryer perpendicular in the horizontal direction like a balcony. This balcony-like or gallery-like floor area 5 rests on horizontal supports 12, which are distributed horizontally over the entire length of the dryer. These carriers 12 each have only one such length, which corresponds to the width of the bottom portion 5. The resting on the supports 12 bottom portion 5 is held by vertical tie rods 13 which extend between a respective carrier 12 and an associated cross member 14 in the ceiling region of the dryer. Thus, the load acting on the floor area 5 (dead weight plus persons and maintenance tool) can be uniformly transmitted to the dryer housing via the lower cross beams 12 and the upper cross beams 14. For safety, the vertical tie rods 13 are connected to two horizontal cross bars 15, which extend over the entire length of the dryer. In this way, a railing for the walk-in floor area is formed by the vertical tie rods and the horizontal cross bars 15.

Fig. 2 is a view of the end face of the dryer according to the invention. All reference numerals of FIG. 1 have been retained for corresponding elements in FIG. One recognizes the shape of the respective one-dimensional curvature of the vertical segments 21a a, 21 b, 31 a and 31 b. Together with the planar regions 21c and 31c of the right side wall 2 and the left side wall 3 is obtained with the respective vertical segments above and below a substantially rectangular cross-section, that is, a substantially rectangular end face of the dryer, wherein only in the region of the vertical segments There is a slight deviation from the rectangular shape. Compared to the shape of the dryer of the prior art (see Fig. 5) thus results in an overall better approximation to the rectangular shape, whereby a better use of the dryer interior is guaranteed. Another advantage of relatively small compared to the prior art formed by the vertical flaps is that due to the ever-occurring temperature fluctuations on the housing a smaller temperature-induced absolute change in length of the vertical segments takes place. Since the vertical segments are firmly clamped on the dryer housing in the closed state, ments always a change in the deflection of the vertical segments instead. The smaller the dimensions of these vertical segments, the smaller is the change in the deflection of these vertical segments. These relatively small changes in the deflection of the vertical segments can be compensated but readily by the usual seals between the vertical segments and the dryer housing, which are minimized in the inventive dryer the usual sealing problems in the prior art. As a further advantage over the large flap extending over the entire height of the dryer, the lower weight of the smaller flaps formed by the vertical segments according to the invention may be mentioned here. This facilitates handling when opening and closing the flaps by a maintenance person.

The height H1 between the hall floor and the lower horizontal edge of the lower vertical segments 21a and 31a corresponds approximately to the height H2 between the floor area 5 of the balcony-like or gallery-like suspension and the horizontal lower edge of the vertical segments 21b and 31b. The bottom area 5 has a width such that the upper vertical segments 21b and 31b can be pivoted away from the dryer housing sufficiently far. This makes a convenient entry into the open dryer possible.

Fig. 3 is a view of the side surfaces of the dryer according to the invention. In Fig. 3, only the side wall 2 is shown, but the opposite side wall 3 is preferably constructed symmetrically to it. Again, the same reference numerals as in Figures 1 and 2 were used for all elements. The vertical segments 21a to 28a and 21b to 28b appear rectangular in their projection of the side view. The ceiling area 4 of the dryer is flat. The straps 7 and 8 of the respective upper vertical segments 21 b to 28 b are partially covered by the vertical tie rods 13 which extend between the cross members 14 at the height of the ceiling portion 4 and the cross members 12 at the height of the bottom portion 5. Together with the two horizontal cross bars 15, these vertical tie rods 13 form the railing for the balcony-like or gallery-like floor area 5. 4 is a top view of the dryer according to the invention. It can be seen the cross member 14, which extend over the entire width of the dryer and the width of the bottom portion 5 on the left and the right side. You can also see the upper crossbar on both sides of the dryer. In addition to the only hintedly recognizable vertical tie rods 13 can be seen extending in the longitudinal direction of the dryer support 11 for the bottom portion 5 (see Fig. 1).

5 is a comparative juxtaposition of a dryer of the prior art according to FIG. 5a and of the dryer according to the invention according to FIG. 5b.

And while the dryer in the prior art according to FIG. 5b, the upper dryer interior 9 'and the lower dryer space 10' are contained in a respective sealed dryer housing, the inventive dryer according to FIG. 5b consists of only one dryer housing, the interior of which by a (not Shown partition) in an upper dryer interior 9 and a lower dryer interior 10 is divided. The dryer according to the invention is therefore distinguished by a more compact construction compared to the dryer of the prior art.

In the dryer of the prior art according to FIG. 5a, the flaps 21a ', 31a' and 21b 'and 31b' each extend over the entire height of the lower or upper dryer housing from the upper edge to the lower edge of the housing. On the one hand, they are therefore heavy and, moreover, suffer large deflections due to temperature fluctuations. In the inventive dryer according to FIG. 5b, the flaps formed by the lower vertical segments 21a and 31a as well as the upper vertical segments 21b and 31b are only about half as large as they do not extend over the entire height of the lower or upper dryer space 10 or 9 extend. By the inventive planar areas 21c and 31c of the right and left side walls 2 and 3 of the dryer and by providing the secured by a railing 17 bottom portion 5 on both sides of the dryer arise both as for the lower dryer interior 10 and for the upper dryer interior 9 similar and above all easier access conditions for a maintenance person. As can be seen further from FIGS. 5a and 5b, the inventive design of the dryer (FIG. 5b) achieves a further reduction of the surface / volume ratio of the dryer. This leads to low radiation losses and a material saving and thereby to low operating or manufacturing costs (energy or material savings).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Housing Sidewall Sidewall Ceiling area Bottom area Upper edge of the vertical segment = D Tension band of one vertical segment, left Tension band of a respective vertical segment, right Upper dryer interior Lower dryer interior Support for floor, longitudinal Support for floor, transverse Tie rod for floor Cross member for rods Crossbar, 15 Railings Feet Railing Climate separation , 22, ..., 28 horizontal segments or longitudinal segments, right, 32, ..., 38 horizontal segments or longitudinal segments, left a, 22a, ..., 28a vertical segments, right, bottom b, 22b, ..., 28b vertical segments, right, top a, 32a, ..., 38a vertical segments, left, bottom b, 32b, ..., 38b vertical segments, left, top

Claims

claims

1. Drier for the continuous drying of food products, in particular of pasta, along a Produktdurchlaufweges inside the dryer with adjustable and / or adjustable climates along the Produktdurchlaufweges, the dryer an insulating housing (1) with outwardly curved side walls (2, 3) which are divided along the substantially horizontal product passage direction in each case into individual horizontal segments (21, 22, ..., 28, 31, 32, ..., 38), from their sealing closure position of the housing (1) independently be moved away so that the dryer interior is accessible to a maintenance person, characterized in that the respective Hohzontalsegmente (21, 22, ..., 28, 31, 32, ..., 38) of the side walls (2, 3) in turn perpendicular to the product passage direction from bottom to top in at least two vertical segments (21a,

22a, ..., 28a, 21b, 22b, 28b, 31a, 32a, 38a, 31b, 32b, 38b), which are each arched outwards and can also be moved away from the housing (1) independently of one another, so that the Maintenance person at the respective location of a of the housing (1) moved away vertical segment (21a, 22a 28a, 21b, 22b 28b, 31a, 32a 38a, 31b, 32b, ..., 38b) has access to the dryer interior.

2. Dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outside of the housing wall each wegbewegbaren vertical segment (21a, 22a, .., 28a, 21b, 22b, ..., 28b, 31a, 32a, ..., 38a, 31b , 32b, ..., 38b) of the housing wall is assigned to the maintenance person accessible floor area (5a, 5b).

3. Dryer according to claim 2, characterized in that at least some of the adjacent along the product passage direction vertical segments (21a, 22a 28a, 21b, 22b, ..., 28b, 31a, 32a, .... 38a, 31b, 32b , ..., 38b) is assigned a continuous accessible floor area (5a, 5b).

4. Dryer according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the vertical segments (21a, 22a, ..., 28a, 21b, 22b, ..., 28b, 31a, 32a, ..., 38a, 31 b , 32b, ..., 38b) are hingedly hinged to the housing (1) and can be moved away from the housing by pivoting away.

5. Dryer according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outwardly projecting curvature of the side walls (2, 3) and the vertical segments (21a, 22a 28a, 21b, 22b, ..., 28b, 31a, 32a 38a, 31b, 32b, ... 38b) is a one-dimensional arch with rectilinear generatrices (G).

6. Dryer according to claim 5, characterized in that the one-dimensional curvature of the vertical segments is formed so that the rectilinear generatrix (G) of the curvature surface parallel to the product passage direction and the hinge-like articulation at the upper edge (6) of the vertical segments (21a, 22a, ..., 28a, 21b, 22b, ..., 28b, 31a, 32a, ..., 38a, 31b, 32b, ..., 38b) having a parallel to the rectilinear generatrix (G) Rotary axis (D) is arranged so that the vertical segment as "flap" is pivoted away upwards.

7. Dryer according to claim 5, characterized in that the one-dimensional curvature of the vertical segments is formed so that the rectilinear generatrices of the curvature surface are orthogonal to the product passage direction and arranged the hinge-like articulation on a lateral edge of the vertical segment with a plane parallel to the rectilinear generatrix axis of rotation is, so that the vertical segment as "door" is swung laterally.

8. Dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vertical segments (21 a, 22 a 28 a, 21 b, 22 b, ..., 28 b, 31 a, 32 a, ...,

38a, 31b, 32b, ..., 38b) by at least one clamping band (7, 8) in its closed position to the housing (1) are sealingly pressed, wherein the clamping band (7, 8) or the clamping bands on the outside of the vertical seg- abut the rectilinear generatrices (G) of the curvature orthogonally.

9. Dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the region of the subdivision of the respective horizontal segments (21 28,

31, ..., 38) from bottom to top between the lower curved vertical segment (21a, 22a, ..., 28a, 31a, 32a, ..., 38a) and the upper curved vertical segment (21b, 22b,. .., 28b, 31b, 32b, ..., 38b) in each case a substantially vertically extending wall portion (21c, ..., 28c, 31c, ..., 38c) is arranged.

10. Dryer according to claim 9, characterized in that the substantially vertically extending wall portion (21c 28c, 31c 38c) is a flat wall portion.

11. Dryer according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the dryer interior at the height of the substantially vertically extending wall portion (21c, ..., 28c, 31c, ..., 38c) in an upper dryer interior (9) and a lower dryer interior (10) is divided.

12. Dryer according to claim 11, characterized in that in the upper dryer interior (9) and the lower dryer interior (10) each have a separate dryer climate is adjustable.

13. Dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that extends at least one attachment region for various supply lines along the dryer.

14. Dryer according to claim 13, characterized in that the at least one mounting region (40) above the respective vertical segments (21 b, 22 b, ..., 28 b, 31 b, 32 b 38 b), preferably in the ceiling area and / or below the gallery-like floor area, along the dryer extends.

15. Dryer according to one of claims 2 to 14, characterized in that on the outside of a housing wall each wegbewegbaren vertical segment (21a, 22a, ..., 28a, 21b, 22b, .... 28b, 31a, 32a ,. .., 38a, 31b, 32b, ..., 38b) associated walkable floor area at least for the upper vertical segments

(21b, 22b 28b, 31b, 32b, ..., 38b) of the housing wall is formed like a gallery.

16. Dryer according to claim 15, characterized in that the gallery-like bottom portion is mounted on carriers (12) which protrude laterally from the dryer.

17. Dryer according to claim 16, characterized in that extending the carrier (12) transversely to the product passage direction of the dryer therethrough.

18. Dryer according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the carrier (12) protrude on the two side walls and extends along both side walls (2, 3) of the dryer a supported on the protruding supports walk-bottom portion (5).

19. Dryer according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the galerieartig trained bottom portion (5) by tie rods (13) is supported from above.

20. Dryer according to claim 19, characterized in that the tie rods (13) are attached to cross members (14) at the upper end ("roof") of the dryer.

21. Dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roof of the dryer has a walk-in floor area.

22. Dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is surrounded in several floors of accessible floor areas, which are connected by permanently installed stairs.

3. Dryer according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the tie rods (13) together with transverse rods (15) form a railing (13, 15) for the gallery-like bottom portion (5).