EP1445300A1 - Vergasungsreaktor - Google Patents

Vergasungsreaktor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1445300A1
EP1445300A1 EP04380018A EP04380018A EP1445300A1 EP 1445300 A1 EP1445300 A1 EP 1445300A1 EP 04380018 A EP04380018 A EP 04380018A EP 04380018 A EP04380018 A EP 04380018A EP 1445300 A1 EP1445300 A1 EP 1445300A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
lining
slag
bed
cylindrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04380018A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Juan Ignacio Sanchiz Rocha
Juan Carlos Fernandez Valles
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GARO ENGINEERING, S.L.
Original Assignee
Environmental International Engineering SL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Environmental International Engineering SL filed Critical Environmental International Engineering SL
Publication of EP1445300A1 publication Critical patent/EP1445300A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gasification reactor, of the type which retains a fluidizable bed of particulate material, wherein a flow of liquid or solid combustible is thermally decomposed through the action of a gasifying agent into a combustible synthesis gas, which is evacuated through the upper part of the reactor, as ashes and slag.
  • the gasification consists of the complete transformation of a solid or an organic liquid into a combustible gas of a different chemical structure, by the reaction at a high temperature of said material with one or several gasifying agents such as air, oxygen or water vapour.
  • gasifying agents such as air, oxygen or water vapour.
  • the material to be gasified in a gasification process has to be pretreated in order to comply with a series of specifications in terms of density, moisture, particle size and shape, prior to introduction into the gasification reactor, wherein, under the direct action of air, enriched air or oxygen, the material to be gasified is subject to a partial oxidation, decomposing and giving rise to a gaseous flow.
  • the reactors are provided with a lower part, or bottom, with a grid on which is supported a fluidisable bed of particles that retains the heat.
  • the bed is fluidized by a flow of a gasifying agent fed through several nozzles arranged in the grid, the lower part of the reactor is also usually provided with an inlet for the particles of the material to be gasified.
  • the resultant combustible gas is recovered and evacuated through the upper part of the reactor.
  • the resultant combustible gas incorporates practically all the calorific power that the material to be gasified had, so that, after a subsequent preparation process, it can be used for the production of heat, electricity, or as raw material for the manufacture of chemical products.
  • the known gasification reactors have, to a greater or lesser degree, some drawbacks.
  • the reactors are anchored or fastened to the floor by their lower part and form a compact nucleus, so it is difficult to have access to their interior to carry out maintenance or repair work.
  • the operator in charge of the operation can only have access to the inside through the upper part of the reactor, suspended by a harness and with safety equipment.
  • the different layers making up the gasification wall are subject to important demands of a mechanical and thermal nature.
  • This means that the reactor is subject to dimensional variations, making it difficult for the reactor to work properly, making for numerous stoppages for maintenance and reducing their performance and useful life.
  • the cement which normally makes up the refractory layer of the current gasification reactors present problems of contraction when the reactor starts up. Naturally, these dimensional changes have repercussions on the mechanical problems and the stability of the reactor itself.
  • the ash and slag extraction systems have problems operating continuously due to the high pressure and temperature conditions existing inside the reactor.
  • the extraction of the slag or heavy materials resulting from the gasification process as said materials can smelt through the effect of the heat, causing the blocking and malfunctioning of the outlet valves installed at the base of the reactor, preventing its proper ongoing extraction.
  • the gasification reactor which is presented below, makes it possible to solve the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the reactor object of the invention is of the type which retains a fluidizable bed of particulate material, wherein a flow of liquid or solid combustible is thermally decomposed through the action of a gasifying agent introduced in the reactor through a grid placed at the bottom of same into a combustible synthesis gas, which is evacuated through the upper part of the reactor, as ashes and slag.
  • the reactor is characterised in that it is made up of an essentially cylindrical outer configuration lining, which houses an inner cavity determined by two cylindrical parts, an upper and lower one, the upper part being of greater diameter than the lower one and the two parts being joined without interruption by an inverted truncated cone shaped intermediate part, wherein the thickness of the lining corresponding to the lower part is always greater than the thickness of the lining of the upper part of the reactor, said lining also being made up of one or more inner layers of refractory material, an intermediate refractory stainless steel plate, one or more layers of insulating material and an outer metal plate.
  • the reactor is provided with a pipe for the extraction of the slag, which connects the reactor exterior with the lower cylindrical part thereof, through which gasifying agent is injected at a greater speed than the drag speed of the material that forms the fluidized bed, but lower than the slag drag speed, allowing the slag to pass outwardly through the pipe and evacuating it without causing losses of the material which forms the bed.
  • the reactor is provided with support means, arranged on the lining outer surface, adapted for bearing the weight of same, so the reactor is suspended from said support means, allowing the reactor to expand vertically, and/or with lateral cushioning means which prevent it from moving horizontally.
  • the grid through which the gasifying agent is introduced is supported by a metal lining, resting on the inner surface of the reactor base.
  • the reactor base can be separated from the rest of the reactor lining, to which it is joined by coupling means which allow for it to be detachably fastened.
  • the gasification reactor 1 in Fig. 1 is made up of a lining 4 which has an essentially outer cylindrical shape, housing an inner cavity which determines two parts 5, 6.
  • the two parts 5, 6 are cylindrical and the upper part 5 is greater in diameter than the lower part 6, both being joined without interruption by an intermediate section shaped like an inverted truncated cone.
  • the lining 4 is thicker in the part corresponding to the lower part 6 of the inner cavity.
  • Such an arrangement presents some advantages with regard to the existing reactors, such as greater simplicity in their construction, a reduction in the reactor's vibrations and an increased resistance against mechanical stress.
  • the thicker part of the lining 4 is located in the reactor area where the movement of the particles forming the bed 2, gives rise to vibrations in the reactor and erode the lining when they hit the inner walls.
  • the concentration of the weight in the lower part of the reactor makes it possible to lower the centre of gravity of same, so the vibrations during the working of the reactor are reduced if it is suspended by the supports 9.
  • the reactor 1 has an inlet for the material to be gasified 21, at least one inlet for the re-injection of the reclaimed tar 11 in the process subsequent to setting up the combustible gas, two inlets to introduce the bed constituent material or the catalysts contributing to the reaction 12, 13 and several inlets enabling secondary air 14 to be added.
  • the reactor lining 4 is, from outside to inside, preferably made up of one or more layers of refractory bricks arranged in quincunxes, a refractory stainless steel plate which acts as a shield for the solids contained in the bed, one or more layers of bricks with vibrated concrete, one or more layers of insulating brick and an outer carbon steel plate.
  • a metal layer such as refractory stainless steel
  • Fig. 2 shows, in detail, the base 3, or bottom, of the reactor 1.
  • the grid 18 through which the gasifying agent is introduced in the lower cylindrical part 6 of the reactor is supported by a metal lining 19, preferably made of steel, which rests on the inner surface of the reactor base 3.
  • the grid is secured to the reactor walls, causing unwanted deformations when expanding due to the effect of the temperature and because their ends are fixed to the reactor walls.
  • the reactor base 3 can comprise insulating fibre, which would absorb the expansion that the lining may bear, and thus would not undergo mechanical stress in the grid 18 through the effect of the expansion of the materials composing it.
  • the lining 19 is adapted to let through the gasifying agent which is introduced in the reactor through the pipe 17, which goes through the reactor base 3.
  • the density of the diffuser nozzles 20 arranged in the grid is approximately 15 nozzles per square metre, and the free space of the grid 18 remaining between the nozzles can be covered by refractory concrete.
  • the reactor 1 In order to extract from the reactor 1 the unusable and heavy products deriving from the reaction, called slag, the reactor 1 is provided with a pipe 8, which connects the outside of the reactor 1 with the lower cylindrical part 6 of same, through which a vein of gasifying agent fluid is introduced into the reactor at sufficient speed to drag the particles from the bed 2, but not enough to drag the slag, so that the latter is introduced into the pipe 8 through the outlet 7 and is extracted from the reactor.
  • the reactor 1 is also provided with supports 9 arranged on the surface of the lining 4 at a height corresponding to the upper cylindrical part 5 of the reactor cavity.
  • the supports 9 are adapted to support the weight of the reactor, so it is capable of being suspended by the supports 9, thus permitting the reactor 1 to expand vertically.
  • lateral cushioning means such as lateral retention cushioning buffers below the supports 9 or a ring-shaped anchorage that clasps the lining.
  • the reactor base 3 in Figs. 1 and 2 is joined to the reactor lining 4 by fastening means 10.
  • the base reactor 3 can be separated from the lining 4, greatly easing access to the interior of the reactor lower area, it being possible to carry out different maintenance or repair operations.
  • both the reactor base 3 and lower circular end of the lining are provided with clamps, making it possible to couple the base 3 and the reactor lining 4.
  • the fastening means can be of another kind as long as they are easily removable or allow the base 3 to be uncoupled quickly and simply from the lining 4.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
EP04380018A 2003-01-31 2004-01-26 Vergasungsreaktor Withdrawn EP1445300A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200300244A ES2237262B1 (es) 2003-01-31 2003-01-31 Reactor de gasificacion.
ES200300244 2003-01-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1445300A1 true EP1445300A1 (de) 2004-08-11

Family

ID=32605647

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04380018A Withdrawn EP1445300A1 (de) 2003-01-31 2004-01-26 Vergasungsreaktor

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1445300A1 (de)
ES (1) ES2237262B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015074003A1 (en) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Allied Mineral Products, Inc. High temperature reactor refractory systems

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2335174B1 (es) * 2008-06-19 2010-12-30 Universidad De Zaragoza Reactor de lecho fluido de dos zonas.

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB647706A (en) * 1946-06-19 1950-12-20 Bamag Ltd Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of gas from coal and like carbonaceous material
US2668041A (en) * 1949-04-12 1954-02-02 Knibbs Norman Victor Syndney Heat treatment of finely divided solids
US3981690A (en) * 1975-01-15 1976-09-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Agglomerating combustor-gasifier method and apparatus for coal gasification
US4305732A (en) * 1980-02-19 1981-12-15 Brennstoffinstitut Freiberg Gasification apparatus with pressure relieving means
US4474583A (en) * 1982-06-11 1984-10-02 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Process for gasifying solid carbonaceous fuels
WO2001037984A1 (en) * 1999-11-26 2001-05-31 Kvaerner Chemrec Ab Ceramic insulation in reactor for gasification of residual products obtained from pulp production
WO2003018721A1 (en) * 2001-08-22 2003-03-06 Global Plasma Systems Group, Inc. Plasma pyrolysis, gasification and vitrification of organic material
US20030167984A1 (en) * 2002-03-11 2003-09-11 Zia Abdullah Refractory vessel and lining therefor

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB647706A (en) * 1946-06-19 1950-12-20 Bamag Ltd Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of gas from coal and like carbonaceous material
US2668041A (en) * 1949-04-12 1954-02-02 Knibbs Norman Victor Syndney Heat treatment of finely divided solids
US3981690A (en) * 1975-01-15 1976-09-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Agglomerating combustor-gasifier method and apparatus for coal gasification
US4305732A (en) * 1980-02-19 1981-12-15 Brennstoffinstitut Freiberg Gasification apparatus with pressure relieving means
US4474583A (en) * 1982-06-11 1984-10-02 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Process for gasifying solid carbonaceous fuels
WO2001037984A1 (en) * 1999-11-26 2001-05-31 Kvaerner Chemrec Ab Ceramic insulation in reactor for gasification of residual products obtained from pulp production
WO2003018721A1 (en) * 2001-08-22 2003-03-06 Global Plasma Systems Group, Inc. Plasma pyrolysis, gasification and vitrification of organic material
US20030167984A1 (en) * 2002-03-11 2003-09-11 Zia Abdullah Refractory vessel and lining therefor

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015074003A1 (en) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Allied Mineral Products, Inc. High temperature reactor refractory systems
CN105917185A (zh) * 2013-11-15 2016-08-31 联合矿产（天津）有限公司 高温反应器耐火系统
US10190823B2 (en) 2013-11-15 2019-01-29 Allied Mineral Products, Inc. High temperature reactor refractory systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2237262B1 (es) 2006-11-01
ES2237262A1 (es) 2005-07-16

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