EP1444017A1 - Installation d'extinction d'incendie a mousse - Google Patents
Installation d'extinction d'incendie a mousseInfo
- Publication number
- EP1444017A1 EP1444017A1 EP02729747A EP02729747A EP1444017A1 EP 1444017 A1 EP1444017 A1 EP 1444017A1 EP 02729747 A EP02729747 A EP 02729747A EP 02729747 A EP02729747 A EP 02729747A EP 1444017 A1 EP1444017 A1 EP 1444017A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- installation according
- sector
- liquid supply
- channel
- foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0036—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using foam
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0292—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires by spraying extinguishants directly into the fire
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
- A62C35/64—Pipe-line systems pressurised
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
- A62C35/64—Pipe-line systems pressurised
- A62C35/645—Pipe-line systems pressurised with compressed gas in pipework
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
- A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
Definitions
- the present invention relates to fire protection installations. It relates, more particularly, to a detection and extinguishing installation which is well suited to fighting fires in large enclosed spaces, such as tunnels, parking lots or warehouses.
- a fire-fighting installation in a large space must also be able to respond, in a targeted manner, to several fires separated from each other, which is frequent in a voluntary fire or when, in a tunnel, a first fire causes chain collisions and new fires. It is therefore vital that the installation intervenes at this location and is not prematurely in the process of extinction means because it too quickly exhausted its resources on the first fire.
- foam extinguishing systems Due to the progress made in the field of foaming agents (generally liquid soaps), foam extinguishing systems have recently experienced a strong development.
- the attack on the fire by means of foam is not only more effective than that of a simple water installation, called “sprinkler", because it smothers the fire instead of bringing it oxygen, but, in addition, consumes much less water, which is a considerable advantage in tunnels.
- a medium expansion installation well suited to this kind of space, requires only 1 liter of water to produce some 100 liters of foam.
- the present invention aims to provide a detection and extinguishing installation which meets the requirements set out above and, among other solutions, attacks the fire using foam.
- the invention relates to a fire detection and extinguishing installation in an enclosed space, which comprises a plurality of separate assemblies each assigned to protecting a sector of said space and comprising, for each sector :
- thermal detectors distributed in the sector, each blocking the end of a pipe supplied with compressed air and reacting to an abnormal rise in ambient temperature by causing said pipe to open in the open air
- control means which respond to a pressure drop resulting from the venting of at least one of said conduits by supplying all the nozzles in the sector with a mixture of pressurized water and d foam concentrate allowing them to pour extinguishing foam on this sector.
- each assembly further comprises means which also respond to said pressure drop by stopping the supply of compressed air to the detectors of the sector in order to maintain the pressure of the detectors of the other sectors.
- each set further comprises a plurality of thermovokinetic detectors distributed in the sector and means responding to these detectors so that the control means come into action only in the event of a sudden rise in temperature .
- each sector has a length of about 15 to 20 meters.
- the nozzles comprise:
- the means for producing a spray jet comprise a substantially cylindrical mixing chamber comprising, from top to bottom, an axial liquid supply channel, a horizontal and circular liquid supply channel, and an axial ejection channel communicating with the two supply channels;
- the ejection channel ends in a diffusion cone, while the horizontal liquid supply channel extends over an angle less than
- the brewing chamber further comprises a wall pierced with orifices forming baffles, onto which opens the axial liquid supply channel;
- the horizontal liquid supply channel can open downstream or upstream from the wall forming baffles;
- the stirring chamber is made in two parts, one, external, comprising, in its upper wall, the axial liquid supply channel and, in its vertical wall, one horizontal groove with a semicircular section, the other, internal, comprising, at its upper part, the wall forming baffles and, in its vertical wall, a horizontal groove with semi-circular section which forms, with the throat of the external part, the horizontal liquid supply channel; -
- the end of the horizontal liquid supply channel communicates with the ejection channel by a radial channel formed in the interior of the chamber;
- the brewing chamber is made of copper;
- the means for receiving the spray jet comprise a grid in the form of a truncated cone whose central portion is curved upwards.
- FIG. 2 is a top view of a foam nozzle fitted to this installation
- FIG. 3 is a front view of this sectional nozzle along II - II;
- FIG. 1 very schematically represents, seen from the ground, a portion of the roof of a road tunnel equipped, approximately every three meters, with a thermal fire detector 10 formed of a glass bulb filled with a liquid with a high coefficient of expansion, such as an alcohol, which breaks when the ambient temperature reaches a temperature approximately 20 ° C higher than the average temperature of the tunnel.
- a thermal fire detector 10 formed of a glass bulb filled with a liquid with a high coefficient of expansion, such as an alcohol, which breaks when the ambient temperature reaches a temperature approximately 20 ° C higher than the average temperature of the tunnel.
- This sensitive element well known to those skilled in the art, can be of the type marketed under the designation "rapid response sprinkler".
- Each detector 10 is disposed at the end of a conduit 12 supplied with compressed air. As long as the temperature is normal, it closes this end but, when an abnormal rise in temperature occurs, it explodes and thus leads the conduit 12 to the open air.
- the conduits 12 of five contiguous thermal detectors 10 are connected, on the one hand, to the output S of a power supply controller 14 and, on the other hand, to the command input Ec d ' an extinction controller 16.
- each group of five detectors 10 thus independently covers a tunnel sector of approximately fifteen meters in length.
- the input E of the controller 14 is connected to a single pipe 18 traversing the tunnel and supplied with compressed air by a compressor (not shown).
- This controller has the function, as long as the detectors 10 of the sector are free, of maintaining the pressure in the tubes 12 but, as soon as one of them explodes, because of abnormal rise in temperature, and thus causes a brutal depression, to cut the supply of the group of the five detectors concerned in order to ensure the maintenance under pressure of the groups of detectors of other sectors.
- the extinction controller 16 has, in addition to the command input Ec:
- the output S of the controller 16 is connected, by a conduit 24, to sets of foam extinguishing nozzles 26 arranged, approximately every three meters, between two detectors 10, under the roof of the tunnel.
- each assembly comprises three nozzles 26 distributed over the width of the tunnel, which will be described later in detail.
- the extinction controller 16 has the function of responding to a sudden drop in pressure on its input Ec, caused by the explosion of a detector in the overheated sector by a fire, by sending, on its output S, to the nozzles 26 of the group concerned of a mixture of water, supplied at its inlet E1, and of foam concentrate, supplied at its inlet E2, allowing them to produce a foam of extinction projected on the fire.
- the power controller 14 comprises, from its input E to its output S:
- a manual valve 28 normally open but making it possible to cut, for various interventions, the supply of compressed air to the five detectors 10 of the group;
- a diaphragm 30 serving to limit the air flow
- valve 32 normally open but allowing, like the valve 28, to cut the supply of compressed air to the five detectors; and - a pressure switch 34 responding to a sudden drop in pressure by closing the valve 32.
- the extinction controller 16 comprises, from its input E1 to its output S:
- a manual valve 36 normally open but making it possible to cut, for various interventions, the water supply to the nozzles 26 in the sector;
- a pressure switch 40 responding to a sudden drop in pressure at the inlet Ec by opening the valve 38;
- venturi mixer 42 the two inputs of which are respectively connected to the outlet of the valve 38 and to the inlet E2 of supply of the foam concentrate and the outlet S of which feeds, via the conduit 24, the nozzles 26 of the sector.
- valve 38 can also be actuated manually using a command M.
- the explosion of a thermal detector following an abnormal rise in temperature in the sector, causes a fall pressure detected:
- the conduits 12 are connected to the input Ec of the extinction controller 16 by means of a safety valve 44 controlled by thermovelokinetic detectors 46, two in number in the example represented, distributed in each sector of the vault of the tunnel.
- thermovelokinetic detectors 46 two in number in the example represented, distributed in each sector of the vault of the tunnel. These detectors have the property of reacting to a rapid rise in temperature, typically greater than 10 ° C. per minute and are, for example, the C-1 Thermostatic Release model from the firm VIKING (USA).
- valve 38 of the extinction controller 16 will react to a pressure drop resulting from the explosion of a thermal detector 10 only if the safety valve 44 has been opened under the action of one of the detectors 46. Thanks to this arrangement, the extinguishing nozzles 26 of the sector concerned will come into action only in the event of a sudden rise in temperature, as is the case during the fire of a vehicle. On the other hand, the mere rupture of one of the detectors 10, which may have another cause than a rise in temperature, for example a projection of parts, does not cause the nozzles to engage.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 represent one of the nozzles 26 of the installation according to the invention.
- This nozzle comprises, as essential elements, a brewing or mixing chamber 50 and a mesh 52.
- the chamber 50 advantageously made of copper, comprises an external frame 54 and a nozzle 56, screwed inside the frame.
- the frame 54 which has a roughly cylindrical external shape, delimits a space 58 open at the bottom, the horizontal upper wall of which bears the reference 60 and the vertical wall the reference 62.
- the frame 54 is associated with a tubular part 64 provided with a thread 66 allowing its connection to a supply pipe of a mixture of water and foam concentrate.
- Exhibit 64 has an upper channel 68 opening axially at the center of the wall 60 and a lower channel 70 opening tangentially in the wall 62 provided, at this point, with a horizontal groove of semi-circular section 72 extending substantially over an angle less than 360 °, typically around 240 °.
- the nozzle 56 takes place in the space 58 inside which it is screwed thanks to the thread 74 with which it is provided at its base. When it is completely screwed, it abuts against the wall 60 of the frame by its end which is pierced, in its central portion, with a network of radial slots 76 also extending substantially over an angle of 240 ° and facing the groove 72 of the frame 54.
- the nozzle 56 has a horizontal groove of semi-circular section 78 which faces the groove 72 to form a channel 80 communicating at its end with another channel 82 formed radially in the nozzle and opening into a central opening 84 extended downwards by a diffusion cone 86 open to the outside.
- the mesh 52 is arranged facing the cone 86, perpendicularly and coaxially to the stirring chamber 50.
- This mesh is advantageously made of steel wires of 0.3 to 0.5 mm in diameter forming 1 to 1.5 mm side mesh. It has a truncated cone external profile and has a central portion 88 slightly curved upwards, a peripheral portion 90 inclining upwards and a connecting portion 92.
- the base of the portion 90 is fixed in a metal ring 94 which two arms 96 connect to a ring 98 surrounding the frame 54 of the brewing chamber 50.
- the upper channel 68 brings part of it to the center of the bottom 60 of the frame. It is thrown there axially against the upper face of the nozzle 56 whose network of radial slots 76, constituting baffles, causes stirring, then it descends into the channel 80 formed by the facing grooves 72 and 78. At the same time, the other part of the mixture under pressure is brought tangentially, by the lower channel 70, to the inlet of the horizontal channel 80 where the two parts of the mixture, which are strongly mixed, therefore meet.
- the mixture of water and foam concentrate reaches the center of the nozzle through the radial channel 82 from where it is sprayed outwards, with a rotational movement, through the opening 84 and the diffusion cone 86.
- - is equipped with thermal detectors, therefore with rapid and insensitive response, in particular to soiling which risks partially or totally “blinding” them; - is able to respond, in a targeted manner, to several fires separated from each other;
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Fire Alarms (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02729747A EP1444017B1 (fr) | 2001-11-13 | 2002-06-05 | Installation d'extinction d'incendie a mousse |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01811087A EP1310273A1 (fr) | 2001-11-13 | 2001-11-13 | Installation d'extinction d'incendie à mousse |
EP01811087 | 2001-11-13 | ||
PCT/CH2002/000294 WO2003041806A1 (fr) | 2001-11-13 | 2002-06-05 | Installation d'extinction d'incendie a mousse |
EP02729747A EP1444017B1 (fr) | 2001-11-13 | 2002-06-05 | Installation d'extinction d'incendie a mousse |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1444017A1 true EP1444017A1 (fr) | 2004-08-11 |
EP1444017B1 EP1444017B1 (fr) | 2007-08-15 |
Family
ID=8184237
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01811087A Withdrawn EP1310273A1 (fr) | 2001-11-13 | 2001-11-13 | Installation d'extinction d'incendie à mousse |
EP02729747A Expired - Lifetime EP1444017B1 (fr) | 2001-11-13 | 2002-06-05 | Installation d'extinction d'incendie a mousse |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01811087A Withdrawn EP1310273A1 (fr) | 2001-11-13 | 2001-11-13 | Installation d'extinction d'incendie à mousse |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP1310273A1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE369897T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60221881T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK1444017T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2292756T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003041806A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE60330170D1 (de) | 2003-12-17 | 2009-12-31 | Claude Ciocca | Schaum-Feuerlöschsystem |
CN104971454B (zh) * | 2015-06-09 | 2018-05-15 | 公安部天津消防研究所 | 隧道专用压缩空气泡沫自动灭火系统 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3756320A (en) * | 1972-07-20 | 1973-09-04 | Us Navy | Fire detection and suppression system for use in a decompression chamber |
JPH114905A (ja) * | 1997-04-23 | 1999-01-12 | Bunka Shutter Co Ltd | ウォーターミストを利用した消火、消煙装置及び方法 |
US5915479A (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 1999-06-29 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler | Velo sprinkler arrangement for protecting special occupancy hazards |
DE19930481A1 (de) * | 1999-07-01 | 2001-01-04 | Preussag Ag Minimax | Feuerlöschanlage |
-
2001
- 2001-11-13 EP EP01811087A patent/EP1310273A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-06-05 WO PCT/CH2002/000294 patent/WO2003041806A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2002-06-05 ES ES02729747T patent/ES2292756T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-05 AT AT02729747T patent/ATE369897T1/de active
- 2002-06-05 DK DK02729747T patent/DK1444017T3/da active
- 2002-06-05 DE DE60221881T patent/DE60221881T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-05 EP EP02729747A patent/EP1444017B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03041806A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1310273A1 (fr) | 2003-05-14 |
EP1444017B1 (fr) | 2007-08-15 |
DE60221881T2 (de) | 2008-05-08 |
WO2003041806A1 (fr) | 2003-05-22 |
DE60221881D1 (de) | 2007-09-27 |
DK1444017T3 (da) | 2007-12-27 |
ES2292756T3 (es) | 2008-03-16 |
ATE369897T1 (de) | 2007-09-15 |
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