EP1436048B1 - Installation for fire-fighting in a tunnel, especially a road tunnel - Google Patents

Installation for fire-fighting in a tunnel, especially a road tunnel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1436048B1
EP1436048B1 EP02778977A EP02778977A EP1436048B1 EP 1436048 B1 EP1436048 B1 EP 1436048B1 EP 02778977 A EP02778977 A EP 02778977A EP 02778977 A EP02778977 A EP 02778977A EP 1436048 B1 EP1436048 B1 EP 1436048B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
nozzles
main
tunnel
nozzle
spray
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EP02778977A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1436048A1 (en
Inventor
Georg Reichsthaler
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Hainzl Industriesysteme GmbH
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Hainzl Industriesysteme & Co KG GmbH
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0221Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0292Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires by spraying extinguishants directly into the fire

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for firefighting in a tunnel, in particular a road tunnel, running along a tunnel ceiling, divided into longitudinal sections, connected to nozzles for forming a spray mist or nozzle receiving nozzle lines, each via a valve in sections to a pressure line for an extinguishing liquid are connected, and connected to a device for local detection of fire sources control device for the valves between the pressure line and the nozzle line.
  • the longitudinal section of the nozzle lines in the immediate fire range but also the upstream and downstream longitudinal sections of the nozzle line are supplied with extinguishing water in case of fire.
  • the water mist generated by the nozzles in the applied area allows effective fire fighting with simultaneous cooling of the environment of the fire with a comparatively low water consumption.
  • the disadvantage is that directed against the tunnel floor nozzles due to the firing necessary for firefighting can only ensure sufficient fog density and distribution in the bottom area of the tunnel with the result that rising hot flue gases bring a significant heat load on the tunnel ceiling, resulting in an overload of the Tunnel ceiling, at least in local areas with the risk of collapse may result.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, a system for fire fighting in a tunnel, in particular a road tunnel, of the type described in such a way that heat overload of the tunnel ceiling can be excluded by hot flue gases during a fire.
  • the invention achieves this object by providing secondary nozzles with a smaller nozzle diameter than the main nozzles for generating a spray in an upper tunnel area outside the spray area of the main nozzles, in addition to main nozzles directed towards a bottom area of the tunnel.
  • auxiliary nozzles for generating a spray in an upper tunnel area effective smoke gas cooling can be ensured by a corresponding spray in the particularly vulnerable by the rising, hot flue ceiling area of the tunnel, whereby heat overload of the tunnel ceiling can be excluded.
  • the impact force of the sub-nozzles compared to the main nozzles must be limited, which is easily achieved by a corresponding reduction in the nozzle diameter.
  • the spray cones of the sub-nozzles must be able to form substantially unaffected by the spray areas of the main nozzles in order to avoid the formation of substantially fog-free flow channels for the flue gases.
  • the smaller nozzle diameter of the secondary nozzles cause finer liquid droplets, so that a large Surface of the sprayed extinguishing liquid results, whereby a rapid cooling due to the withdrawal of the heat of vaporization from the hot flue gases is used.
  • the larger liquid droplets of the extinguishing liquid sprayed by the main nozzles cause the penetration force of the spray generated by the main nozzles for combating the fire in the bottom area.
  • the spray axes of the auxiliary nozzles may include an angle of at least 45 °, preferably 50 to 70 °, with the spray axes of the adjacent main nozzles. This angular displacement of the spray axes between the main and secondary nozzles allows a summary of the main and auxiliary nozzles in common spray heads, without having to fear in known spray heads with main and auxiliary nozzles union of the spray areas to a common more powerful spray cone.
  • the diameter ratio of secondary nozzles and main nozzles chosen between 0.2 and 0.6 so the respective requirements in terms of droplet size and dependent on the impact force is generally met advantageously.
  • the smaller nozzle diameter of the auxiliary nozzles cause due to the constant loading pressure of the nozzle lines a correspondingly lower liquid flow through the auxiliary nozzles, so that for sufficient supply of the upper tunnel area with sprayed extinguishing liquid, the number of auxiliary nozzles compared to the main nozzles to enlarge.
  • the number of Secondary nozzles that exceed the main nozzles at least twice, preferably by three to five times.
  • main and secondary nozzles can be combined to form nozzle heads, which considerably facilitates the displacement of the nozzles.
  • Particularly simple construction conditions are ensured in this context, if in each case a main nozzle with associated auxiliary nozzles are provided in a pipe line coaxial pipe section having a radial main bore for receiving the main nozzle and to axially and circumferentially offset secondary bores for the auxiliary nozzles.
  • These pieces of pipe only need to be connected to further sections of the nozzle lines, in order to ensure an appropriate alignment of the main bore for an advantageous atomization of the extinguishing liquid on the one hand in the ground directed spray areas and on the other hand in spray areas that ensure fogging in an upper tunnel area.
  • the pipe section may advantageously for this purpose in its longitudinal center of the main bore and with axial spacing before and behind the main bore each have two side holes which are arranged symmetrically to an axial plane through the main bore at an angular offset of 45 to 70 °, so that such in regular Make intervals in the nozzle lines pipe sections with the nozzle holes for in the field of acted upon with extinguishing liquid nozzle lines continuous spray formation in the tunnel.
  • Fig. 1 As the embodiment of the Fig. 1 can be taken, are provided along a road tunnel 1 in the tunnel ceiling 2 in longitudinal sections 3 divided nozzle lines 4, are integrated into the main nozzles 5 and 6 sub-nozzles.
  • the longitudinal sections 3 of the nozzle lines 4 are connected via a respective valve 7 to a pressure line 8 for an extinguishing liquid, generally extinguishing water.
  • the pressure line 8 is preferably pressurized from both sides to ensure a sufficient minimum pressure for the extinguishing liquid over the tunnel length.
  • the actuators 9 of the valves 7 are controlled by a control device 10, which is acted upon by a device 11 for the local detection of any sources of fire in the road tunnel 1.
  • the valve 7 for the longitudinal section 3 of the nozzle line 4 associated with the source of the fire is opened via the control device 10.
  • the adjacent longitudinal sections 3 of the nozzle line 4 are additionally connected via the associated valves 7 to the pressure line 8, so that over the range of three longitudinal sections extinguishing liquid atomized to a street tunnel filling in this area fog becomes.
  • main nozzles 5 In contrast to conventional systems for fighting fires in a tunnel with the aid of spray mist not only against the tunnel bottom 12 directed main nozzles 5 are provided, but these main nozzles 5 associated with additional nozzles 6, which have a smaller nozzle diameter than the main nozzles 5 and outside the spray area of the main nozzles. 5 create a spray in an upper tunnel area, as shown in the Fig. 2 is indicated.
  • This angular displacement between the main and secondary nozzles 5, 6 is after the 3 and 4 ensured by nozzle heads in the form of pipe sections 15 which are coaxially turned on in the longitudinal sections 3 of the nozzle lines 4 at regular axial intervals and in the longitudinal center of a main bore 16 for receiving a main nozzle 5 and at an axial distance in front of and behind the main bore 16 per two side holes 17th for the auxiliary nozzles 6 have.
  • the main and secondary nozzles 5, 6 are formed by screw inserts in the main and secondary bores 16, 17.
  • the nozzle diameter of the main nozzles 5 can be, for example, 1.25 mm, that of the secondary nozzles 6 0.5 mm, which corresponds to a diameter ratio between secondary and main nozzles of 0.4.
  • a correspondingly large number of secondary nozzles 6 is provided.
  • the spray cone of the main and secondary nozzles 5, 6 does not significantly affect the angular offset between the main and secondary nozzles between 45 and 70 °.
  • the angle between the side by side 5 arranged symmetrically to an axial plane through the main nozzle is 135 °, which corresponds to an angular displacement of 67 1 ⁇ 2 ° to the main nozzle.
  • the pipe section 15 is provided with axially parallel flats 18 which extend parallel to the main bore 16 and form engagement surfaces for a wrench.
  • the nozzle lines 4 are acted upon with extinguishing liquid, it follows on the basis of the in the Fig. 3 to 5 shown nozzle heads in the longitudinal sections 3 of the nozzle lines a spray pattern, as is the case for the middle of the three nozzle lines 4 in the Fig. 2 is indicated. Due to their larger nozzle diameter and the resulting droplet size of the atomized extinguishing liquid, the main nozzles 5 have a comparatively high penetrating force which, even at relatively high axial flow velocities within the tunnel 1 an effective control of a fire ground near the ground allowed. Unaffected by the spray area 19 of the main nozzles 5 spray areas 20 are formed in the region of the auxiliary nozzles 6, which supply an upper tunnel area with spray.
  • the smaller nozzle diameter of the auxiliary nozzles 6 requires not only smaller liquid droplets, but also limits the spray width, so that the upper portion of the tunnel following the tunnel ceiling 2 can be effectively protected from overloads by hot flue gases, which are cooled by the spray of the auxiliary nozzles 6 accordingly be removed by the hot flue gases necessary for the evaporation of the extinguishing liquid evaporation heat.
  • the nozzle heads are integrated at regular intervals in the tunnel longitudinal direction in the nozzle lines 4, there is a complete fire fighting along the treated with extinguishing liquid longitudinal sections 4 of the nozzle lines 4.
  • the orientations of the successive nozzle heads in the axial direction can be offset from each other, as in the Fig. 2 is indicated by the dash-dotted lines indicated spray axes 21 staggered main nozzles 5.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Anlage zur Brandbekämpfung in einem Tunnel, insbesondere einem Straßentunnel, mit entlang einer Tunneldecke verlaufenden, in Längsabschnitte unterteilten, an Düsen zur Bildung eines Sprühnebels angeschlossenen oder solche Düsen aufnehmenden Düsenleitungen, die über je ein Ventil abschnittsweise an eine Druckleitung für eine Löschflüssigkeit angeschlossen sind, und mit einer an eine Einrichtung zur örtlichen Erfassung von Brandherden angeschlossenen Steuereinrichtung für die Ventile zwischen Druckleitung und Düsenleitung.The invention relates to a system for firefighting in a tunnel, in particular a road tunnel, running along a tunnel ceiling, divided into longitudinal sections, connected to nozzles for forming a spray mist or nozzle receiving nozzle lines, each via a valve in sections to a pressure line for an extinguishing liquid are connected, and connected to a device for local detection of fire sources control device for the valves between the pressure line and the nozzle line.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Zur Brandbekämpfung in einem Straßentunnel ist es bekannt ( EP 1103284 A2 FR-A-2793149 , DE-A-10005118 ), entlang der Tunneldecke Düsenleitungen mit Düsen zur Bildung eines Sprühnebels zu verlegen und diese abschnittsweise an eine Druckleitung für Löschwasser anzuschließen, so daß die in Längsabschnitte unterteilten Düsenleitungen im Brandfall über Ventile abschnittsweise von der Druckleitung her mit Löschwasser beaufschlagt werden können. Zu diesem Zweck ist eine einen Brandherd im Tunnel örtlich erfassende Einrichtung vorgesehen, die eine Steuereinrichtung zum Betätigen der Ventile zwischen Druckleitung und Düsenleitung beaufschlagt. Dabei werden im Brandfall nicht nur der Längsabschnitt der Düsenleitungen im unmittelbaren Brandherdbereich, sondern auch die vor- und nachgeordneten Längsabschnitte der Düsenleitung mit Löschwasser versorgt. Der über die Düsen im beaufschlagten Bereich erzeugte Wassernebel erlaubt eine wirksame Brandbekämpfung unter einer gleichzeitigen Kühlung der Umgebung des Brandherdes bei einem vergleichsweise geringen Wasserverbrauch. Nachteilig ist allerdings, daß die gegen den Tunnelboden gerichteten Düsen aufgrund der für die Brandbekämpfung notwendigen Durchschlagskraft nur für eine ausreichende Nebeldichte und -verteilung im Bodenbereich des Tunnels mit der Folge sorgen können, daß aufsteigende heiße Rauchgase eine erhebliche Wärmebelastung der Tunneldecke mit sich bringen, was zu einer Überlastung der Tunneldecke zumindest in örtlichen Bereichen mit der Gefahr eines Deckeneinsturzes führen kann.For firefighting in a road tunnel it is known ( EP 1103284 A2 FR-A-2793149 . DE-A-10005118 ) to lay along the tunnel ceiling nozzle lines with nozzles to form a spray and connect them in sections to a pressure line for extinguishing water, so that the divided into longitudinal sections nozzle lines in the event of fire can be acted upon by valves in sections from the pressure line with extinguishing water. For this purpose, a device locally detecting a fire in the tunnel is provided, which acts on a control device for actuating the valves between the pressure line and the nozzle line. Not only the longitudinal section of the nozzle lines in the immediate fire range, but also the upstream and downstream longitudinal sections of the nozzle line are supplied with extinguishing water in case of fire. The water mist generated by the nozzles in the applied area allows effective fire fighting with simultaneous cooling of the environment of the fire with a comparatively low water consumption. The disadvantage, however, is that directed against the tunnel floor nozzles due to the firing necessary for firefighting can only ensure sufficient fog density and distribution in the bottom area of the tunnel with the result that rising hot flue gases bring a significant heat load on the tunnel ceiling, resulting in an overload of the Tunnel ceiling, at least in local areas with the risk of collapse may result.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anlage zur Brandbekämpfung in einem Tunnel, insbesondere einem Straßentunnel, der eingangs geschilderten Art so auszugestalten, daß eine Wärmeüberlastung der Tunneldecke durch heiße Rauchgase während eines Brandes ausgeschlossen werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object, a system for fire fighting in a tunnel, in particular a road tunnel, of the type described in such a way that heat overload of the tunnel ceiling can be excluded by hot flue gases during a fire.

Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, daß neben gegen einen Bodenbereich des Tunnels gerichteten Hauptdüsen Nebendüsen mit einem geringeren Düsendurchmesser als die Hauptdüsen zum Erzeugen eines Sprühnebels in einem oberen Tunnelbereich außerhalb des Sprühbereiches der Hauptdüsen vorgesehen sind.The invention achieves this object by providing secondary nozzles with a smaller nozzle diameter than the main nozzles for generating a spray in an upper tunnel area outside the spray area of the main nozzles, in addition to main nozzles directed towards a bottom area of the tunnel.

Durch das Vorsehen zusätzlicher Nebendüsen zur Erzeugung eines Sprühnebels in einem oberen Tunnelbereich kann im durch die aufsteigenden, heißen Rauchgase besonders gefährdeten Deckenbereich des Tunnels eine wirksame Rauchgaskühlung durch einen entsprechenden Sprühnebel sichergestellt werden, wodurch eine Wärmeüberlastung der Tunneldecke ausgeschlossen werden kann. Um einen solchen Sprühnebel im oberen Tunnelbereich zu erreichen, muß die Durchschlagskraft der Nebendüsen im Vergleich zu den Hauptdüsen beschränkt werden, was durch eine entsprechende Verringerung des Düsendurchmessers einfach erreicht wird. Außerdem müssen sich die Sprühkegel der Nebendüsen im wesentlichen unbeeinflußt von den Sprühbereichen der Hauptdüsen ausbilden können, um die Bildung von im wesentlichen nebelfreien Strömungskanälen für die Rauchgase zu vermeiden. Schließlich bedingen die kleineren Düsendurchmesser der Nebendüsen feinere Flüssigkeitströpfchen, so daß sich eine große Oberfläche der versprühten Löschflüssigkeit ergibt, wodurch eine rasche Kühlung zufolge des Entzuges der Verdampfungswärme aus den heißen Rauchgasen genützt wird. Die größeren Flüssigkeitströpfchen der durch die Hauptdüsen versprühten Löschflüssigkeit bedingen die für die Bekämpfung des Brandherdes im Bodenbereich erforderliche Durchschlagskraft des durch die Hauptdüsen erzeugten Sprühnebels.By providing additional auxiliary nozzles for generating a spray in an upper tunnel area effective smoke gas cooling can be ensured by a corresponding spray in the particularly vulnerable by the rising, hot flue ceiling area of the tunnel, whereby heat overload of the tunnel ceiling can be excluded. To achieve such a spray in the upper tunnel area, the impact force of the sub-nozzles compared to the main nozzles must be limited, which is easily achieved by a corresponding reduction in the nozzle diameter. In addition, the spray cones of the sub-nozzles must be able to form substantially unaffected by the spray areas of the main nozzles in order to avoid the formation of substantially fog-free flow channels for the flue gases. Finally, the smaller nozzle diameter of the secondary nozzles cause finer liquid droplets, so that a large Surface of the sprayed extinguishing liquid results, whereby a rapid cooling due to the withdrawal of the heat of vaporization from the hot flue gases is used. The larger liquid droplets of the extinguishing liquid sprayed by the main nozzles cause the penetration force of the spray generated by the main nozzles for combating the fire in the bottom area.

Um weitgehend voneinander unabhängige Sprühbereiche der Haupt- und Nebendüsen zu erreichen, können die Sprühachsen der Nebendüsen mit den Sprühachsen der benachbarten Hauptdüsen einen Winkel von wenigstens 45°, vorzugsweise von 50 bis 70°, einschließen. Diese Winkelversetzung der Sprühachsen zwischen Haupt- und Nebendüsen erlaubt eine Zusammenfassung der Haupt- und Nebendüsen in gemeinsame Sprühköpfe, ohne die bei bekannten Sprühköpfen mit Haupt- und Nebendüsen angestrebte Vereinigung der Sprühbereiche zu einem gemeinsamen durchschlagskräftigeren Sprühkegel befürchten zu müssen. Da ein unmittelbares Besprühen der Tunneldecke mit Löschflüssigkeit den Löschflüssigkeitsverbrauch erhöht, ohne die Rauchgaskühlung zu unterstützen, ist in Abhängigkeit vom Öffnungswinkel der Sprühkegel der Nebendüsen deren Sprühachse so auszurichten, daß die Tunneldecke im wesentlichen nicht unmittelbar mit Löschflüssigkeit besprüht wird. Dies bedingt eine Begrenzung der Winkelversetzung der Nebendüsen gegenüber den Hauptdüsen auf vorzugsweise 70°.In order to achieve largely independent spray areas of the main and auxiliary nozzles, the spray axes of the auxiliary nozzles may include an angle of at least 45 °, preferably 50 to 70 °, with the spray axes of the adjacent main nozzles. This angular displacement of the spray axes between the main and secondary nozzles allows a summary of the main and auxiliary nozzles in common spray heads, without having to fear in known spray heads with main and auxiliary nozzles union of the spray areas to a common more powerful spray cone. Since a direct spraying the tunnel ceiling with extinguishing liquid increases the extinguishing liquid consumption, without supporting the flue gas cooling, depending on the opening angle of the spray cone of the sub-nozzles whose spray axis align so that the tunnel ceiling is not sprayed directly with extinguishing liquid substantially. This requires a limitation of the angular displacement of the auxiliary nozzles with respect to the main nozzles to preferably 70 °.

Wird das Durchmesserverhältnis von Nebendüsen und Hauptdüsen zwischen 0,2 und 0,6 gewählt, so wird im allgemeinen den jeweiligen Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Tröpfchengröße und davon abhängig der Durchschlagskraft vorteilhaft entsprochen. Die geringeren Düsendurchmesser der Nebendüsen bedingen allerdings wegen des gleichbleibenden Beaufschlagungsdruckes der Düsenleitungen einen entsprechend geringeren Flüssigkeitsdurchsatz durch die Nebendüsen, so daß zur ausreichenden Versorgung des oberen Tunnelbereiches mit versprühter Löschflüssigkeit die Anzahl der Nebendüsen gegenüber den Hauptdüsen zu vergrößern ist. Je nach den örtlichen Verhältnissen kann die Anzahl der Nebendüsen die der Hauptdüsen wenigstens um das Doppelte, vorzugsweise um das Drei- bis Fünffache übersteigen.If the diameter ratio of secondary nozzles and main nozzles chosen between 0.2 and 0.6, so the respective requirements in terms of droplet size and dependent on the impact force is generally met advantageously. However, the smaller nozzle diameter of the auxiliary nozzles cause due to the constant loading pressure of the nozzle lines a correspondingly lower liquid flow through the auxiliary nozzles, so that for sufficient supply of the upper tunnel area with sprayed extinguishing liquid, the number of auxiliary nozzles compared to the main nozzles to enlarge. Depending on the local conditions, the number of Secondary nozzles that exceed the main nozzles at least twice, preferably by three to five times.

Wie bereits ausgeführt wurde, können Haupt- und Nebendüsen zu Düsenköpfen zusammengefaßt werden, was das Versetzen der Düsen erheblich erleichtert. Besonders einfache Konstruktionsverhältnisse werden in diesem Zusammenhang sichergestellt, wenn jeweils eine Hauptdüse mit zugeordneten Nebendüsen in einem zur Düsenleitung koaxialen Rohrstück vorgesehen werden, das eine radiale Hauptbohrung zur Aufnahme der Hauptdüse und dazu axial und in Umfangsrichtung versetzt Nebenbohrungen für die Nebendüsen aufweist. Diese Rohrstücke brauchen lediglich an weiterführende Abschnitte der Düsenleitungen angeschlossen zu werden, um bei einer entsprechenden Ausrichtung der Hauptbohrung für eine vorteilhafte Zerstäubung der Löschflüssigkeit einerseits in gegen den Boden gerichteten Sprühbereichen und anderseits in Sprühbereichen zu sorgen, die eine Nebelbildung in einem oberen Tunnelbereich gewährleisten. Das Rohrstück kann für diesen Zweck vorteilhaft in seiner Längsmitte die Hauptbohrung und mit axialem Abstand vor und hinter der Hauptbohrung je zwei Nebenbohrungen aufweisen, die symmetrisch zu einer Axialebene durch die Hauptbohrung unter einem Winkelversatz von 45 bis 70° angeordnet sind, so daß solche in regelmäßigen Abständen in die Düsenleitungen eingebundene Rohrstücke mit den Düsenbohrungen für eine im Bereich der mit Löschflüssigkeit beaufschlagten Düsenleitungen durchgehende Sprühnebelausbildung im Tunnel sorgen.As already stated, main and secondary nozzles can be combined to form nozzle heads, which considerably facilitates the displacement of the nozzles. Particularly simple construction conditions are ensured in this context, if in each case a main nozzle with associated auxiliary nozzles are provided in a pipe line coaxial pipe section having a radial main bore for receiving the main nozzle and to axially and circumferentially offset secondary bores for the auxiliary nozzles. These pieces of pipe only need to be connected to further sections of the nozzle lines, in order to ensure an appropriate alignment of the main bore for an advantageous atomization of the extinguishing liquid on the one hand in the ground directed spray areas and on the other hand in spray areas that ensure fogging in an upper tunnel area. The pipe section may advantageously for this purpose in its longitudinal center of the main bore and with axial spacing before and behind the main bore each have two side holes which are arranged symmetrically to an axial plane through the main bore at an angular offset of 45 to 70 °, so that such in regular Make intervals in the nozzle lines pipe sections with the nozzle holes for in the field of acted upon with extinguishing liquid nozzle lines continuous spray formation in the tunnel.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungShort description of the drawing

In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand beispielsweise dargestellt. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine erfindungsgemäße Anlage zur Brandbekämpfung in einem Tunnel in einem schematischen Blockschaltbild,
Fig. 2
die Anordnung von Haupt- und Nebendüsen einer erfindungsgemäßen Anlage in einem im Querschnitt dargestellten Straßentunnel,
Fig. 3
einen Düsenkopf für Haupt- und Nebendüsen nach der Erfindung in einer Seitenansicht in einem größeren Maßstab,
Fig. 4
einen Schnitt nach der Linie IV-IV der Fig. 3 und
Fig. 5
einen Schnitt nach der Linie V-V der Fig. 3.
In the drawing, the subject invention is shown, for example. Show it
Fig. 1
an inventive plant for fire fighting in a tunnel in a schematic block diagram,
Fig. 2
the arrangement of main and secondary nozzles of a system according to the invention in a road tunnel shown in cross-section,
Fig. 3
a nozzle head for main and secondary nozzles according to the invention in a side view on a larger scale,
Fig. 4
a section along the line IV-IV of Fig. 3 and
Fig. 5
a section along the line VV the Fig. 3 ,

Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay to carry out the invention

Wie dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Fig. 1 entnommen werden kann, sind entlang eines Straßentunnels 1 im Bereich der Tunneldecke 2 in Längsabschnitte 3 unterteilte Düsenleitungen 4 vorgesehen, in die Hauptdüsen 5 und Nebendüsen 6 eingebunden sind. Die Längsabschnitte 3 der Düsenleitungen 4 sind über je ein Ventil 7 an eine Druckleitung 8 für eine Löschflüssigkeit, im allgemeinen Löschwasser, angeschlossen. Die Druckleitung 8 wird vorzugsweise von beiden Seiten her mit Druck beaufschlagt, um über die Tunnellänge einen ausreichenden Mindestdruck für die Löschflüssigkeit sicherzustellen. Die Stelltriebe 9 der Ventile 7 werden über eine Steuereinrichtung 10 angesteuert, die von einer Einrichtung 11 zur örtlichen Erfassung allfälliger Brandherde im Straßentunnel 1 beaufschlagt wird. Wird über die Einrichtung 11 ein Brandherd in einem Tunnelabschnitt gemeldet, so wird über die Steuereinrichtung 10 das Ventil 7 für den dem Tunnelabschnitt mit dem Brandherd zugehörigen Längsabschnitt 3 der Düsenleitung 4 geöffnet. Um einen ausreichenden Löschbereich in Tunnellängsrichtung beidseits des Brandherdes sicherzustellen, werden zusätzlich die benachbarten Längsabschnitte 3 der Düsenleitung 4 über die zugeordneten Ventile 7 an die Druckleitung 8 angeschlossen, so daß über den Bereich von drei Längsabschnitten Löschflüssigkeit zu einem den Straßentunnel in diesem Bereich ausfüllenden Nebel zerstäubt wird.As the embodiment of the Fig. 1 can be taken, are provided along a road tunnel 1 in the tunnel ceiling 2 in longitudinal sections 3 divided nozzle lines 4, are integrated into the main nozzles 5 and 6 sub-nozzles. The longitudinal sections 3 of the nozzle lines 4 are connected via a respective valve 7 to a pressure line 8 for an extinguishing liquid, generally extinguishing water. The pressure line 8 is preferably pressurized from both sides to ensure a sufficient minimum pressure for the extinguishing liquid over the tunnel length. The actuators 9 of the valves 7 are controlled by a control device 10, which is acted upon by a device 11 for the local detection of any sources of fire in the road tunnel 1. If a source of fire is reported in a tunnel section via the device 11, then the valve 7 for the longitudinal section 3 of the nozzle line 4 associated with the source of the fire is opened via the control device 10. In order to ensure a sufficient extinguishing area in the tunnel longitudinal direction on both sides of the fire, the adjacent longitudinal sections 3 of the nozzle line 4 are additionally connected via the associated valves 7 to the pressure line 8, so that over the range of three longitudinal sections extinguishing liquid atomized to a street tunnel filling in this area fog becomes.

Zum Unterschied von herkömmlichen Anlagen zur Brandbekämpfung in einem Tunnel mit Hilfe von Sprühnebeln sind nicht nur gegen den Tunnelboden 12 gerichtete Hauptdüsen 5 vorgesehen, sondern diesen Hauptdüsen 5 Nebendüsen 6 zugeordnet, die einen geringeren Düsendurchmesser als die Hauptdüsen 5 aufweisen und außerhalb des Sprühbereiches der Hauptdüsen 5 einen Sprühnebel in einem oberen Tunnelbereich erzeugen, wie dies in der Fig. 2 angedeutet ist. Die drei im Bereich der Tunneldecke 2 verlegten, jeweils gemäß Fig. 1 in Längsabschnitte unterteilten Düsenleitungen 4 sind je mit Haupt- und Nebendüsen 5, 6 versehen, von denen die Sprühachsen 13 und 14 eingezeichnet sind, die den Winkelversatz zwischen Haupt- und Nebendüsen 5, 6 in einer Querschnittsebene deutlich erkennen lassen. Diese Winkelversetzung zwischen Haupt- und Nebendüsen 5, 6 wird nach den Fig. 3 und 4 durch Düsenköpfe in Form von Rohrstücken 15 sichergestellt, die koaxial in die Längsabschnitte 3 der Düsenleitungen 4 in regelmäßigen axialen Abständen eingeschaltet sind und in der Längsmitte eine Hauptbohrung 16 zur Aufnahme einer Hauptdüse 5 und mit axialem Abstand vor und hinter der Hauptbohrung 16 je zwei Nebenbohrungen 17 für die Nebendüsen 6 aufweisen. Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 3 bis 5 werden die Haupt- und Nebendüsen 5, 6 durch Schraubeinsätze in den Haupt- und Nebenbohrungen 16, 17 gebildet. Der Düsendurchmesser der Hauptdüsen 5 kann beispielsweise 1,25 mm, der der Nebendüsen 6 0,5 mm betragen, was einem Durchmesserverhältnis zwischen Neben- und Hauptdüsen von 0,4 entspricht. Um durch die Nebendüsen 6 einen ausreichenden Durchsatz an Löschflüssigkeit sicherzustellen, wird eine entsprechend große Anzahl an Nebendüsen 6 vorgesehen. Damit sich die Sprühkegel der Haupt- und Nebendüsen 5, 6 nicht wesentlich beeinflussen, beträgt der Winkelversatz zwischen den Haupt- und Nebendüsen zwischen 45 und 70°. Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 3 bis 5 beträgt der Winkel zwischen den symmetrisch zu einer Axialebene durch die Hauptdüse angeordneten Nebendüsen 5 135°, was einer Winkelversetzung zur Hauptdüse von 67 ½° entspricht. Zur einfachen Ausrichtung der Hauptdüsen 5 gegenüber dem mit Sprühnebel zu beaufschlagenden Bodenbereich des Tunnels 1 ist das Rohrstück 15 mit achsparallelen Abflachungen 18 versehen, die parallel zur Hauptbohrung 16 verlaufen und Angriffsflächen für einen Gabelschlüssel bilden.In contrast to conventional systems for fighting fires in a tunnel with the aid of spray mist not only against the tunnel bottom 12 directed main nozzles 5 are provided, but these main nozzles 5 associated with additional nozzles 6, which have a smaller nozzle diameter than the main nozzles 5 and outside the spray area of the main nozzles. 5 create a spray in an upper tunnel area, as shown in the Fig. 2 is indicated. The three laid in the tunnel ceiling 2, respectively according to Fig. 1 in longitudinal sections divided nozzle lines 4 are each with main and secondary nozzles 5, 6 are provided, of which the spray axes 13 and 14 are drawn, which clearly show the angular offset between the main and secondary nozzles 5, 6 in a cross-sectional plane. This angular displacement between the main and secondary nozzles 5, 6 is after the 3 and 4 ensured by nozzle heads in the form of pipe sections 15 which are coaxially turned on in the longitudinal sections 3 of the nozzle lines 4 at regular axial intervals and in the longitudinal center of a main bore 16 for receiving a main nozzle 5 and at an axial distance in front of and behind the main bore 16 per two side holes 17th for the auxiliary nozzles 6 have. In the embodiment of the Fig. 3 to 5 the main and secondary nozzles 5, 6 are formed by screw inserts in the main and secondary bores 16, 17. The nozzle diameter of the main nozzles 5 can be, for example, 1.25 mm, that of the secondary nozzles 6 0.5 mm, which corresponds to a diameter ratio between secondary and main nozzles of 0.4. In order to ensure a sufficient throughput of extinguishing liquid through the auxiliary nozzles 6, a correspondingly large number of secondary nozzles 6 is provided. Thus, the spray cone of the main and secondary nozzles 5, 6 does not significantly affect the angular offset between the main and secondary nozzles between 45 and 70 °. In the embodiment of the Fig. 3 to 5 the angle between the side by side 5 arranged symmetrically to an axial plane through the main nozzle is 135 °, which corresponds to an angular displacement of 67 ½ ° to the main nozzle. For easy alignment of the main nozzles 5 with respect to the spray area to be acted upon bottom portion of the tunnel 1, the pipe section 15 is provided with axially parallel flats 18 which extend parallel to the main bore 16 and form engagement surfaces for a wrench.

Werden die Düsenleitungen 4 mit Löschflüssigkeit beaufschlagt, so ergibt sich aufgrund der in den Fig. 3 bis 5 dargestellten Düsenköpfe in den Längsabschnitten 3 der Düsenleitungen ein Sprühbild, wie es für die mittlere der drei Düsenleitungen 4 in der Fig. 2 angedeutet ist. Die Hauptdüsen 5 haben aufgrund ihres größeren Düsendurchmessers und der dadurch bedingten Tröpfchengröße der zerstäubten Löschflüssigkeit eine vergleichsweise hohe Durchschlagskraft, die auch bei größeren axialen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten innerhalb des Tunnels 1 eine wirksame Bekämpfung eines bodennahen Brandherdes erlaubt. Unbeeinflußt vom Sprühbereich 19 der Hauptdüsen 5 bilden sich im Bereich der Nebendüsen 6 Sprühbereiche 20 aus, die einen oberen Tunnelbereich mit Sprühnebel versorgen. Der geringere Düsendurchmesser der Nebendüsen 6 bedingt nicht nur kleinere Flüssigkeitströpfchen, sondern begrenzt auch die Sprühweite, so daß der obere Bereich des Tunnels im Anschluß an die Tunneldecke 2 wirksam vor Überbelastungen durch heiße Rauchgase geschützt werden kann, die durch den Sprühnebel der Nebendüsen 6 entsprechend abgekühlt werden, indem den heißen Rauchgasen die für die Verdampfung der Löschflüssigkeit notwendige Verdampfungswärme entzogen wird.If the nozzle lines 4 are acted upon with extinguishing liquid, it follows on the basis of the in the Fig. 3 to 5 shown nozzle heads in the longitudinal sections 3 of the nozzle lines a spray pattern, as is the case for the middle of the three nozzle lines 4 in the Fig. 2 is indicated. Due to their larger nozzle diameter and the resulting droplet size of the atomized extinguishing liquid, the main nozzles 5 have a comparatively high penetrating force which, even at relatively high axial flow velocities within the tunnel 1 an effective control of a fire ground near the ground allowed. Unaffected by the spray area 19 of the main nozzles 5 spray areas 20 are formed in the region of the auxiliary nozzles 6, which supply an upper tunnel area with spray. The smaller nozzle diameter of the auxiliary nozzles 6 requires not only smaller liquid droplets, but also limits the spray width, so that the upper portion of the tunnel following the tunnel ceiling 2 can be effectively protected from overloads by hot flue gases, which are cooled by the spray of the auxiliary nozzles 6 accordingly be removed by the hot flue gases necessary for the evaporation of the extinguishing liquid evaporation heat.

Da die Düsenköpfe in regelmäßigen Abständen in Tunnellängsrichtung hintereinander in die Düsenleitungen 4 eingebunden sind, ergibt sich eine lückenlose Brandbekämpfung entlang der mit Löschflüssigkeit beaufschlagten Längsabschnitte 4 der Düsenleitungen 4. Um der Gefahr von sich in Tunnellängsrichtung ausbildenden Strömungskanälen in Bereichen geringerer Sprühnebeldichten aufgrund einer gleichmäßigen Ausrichtung aller hintereinander angeordneter Düsenköpfe vorzubeugen, können die Ausrichtungen der in axialer Richtung aufeinanderfolgenden Düsenköpfe gegeneinander versetzt werden, wie dies in der Fig. 2 durch die strichpunktiert angedeuteten Sprühachsen 21 versetzter Hauptdüsen 5 angedeutet wird.Since the nozzle heads are integrated at regular intervals in the tunnel longitudinal direction in the nozzle lines 4, there is a complete fire fighting along the treated with extinguishing liquid longitudinal sections 4 of the nozzle lines 4. To the danger of forming in the tunnel longitudinal flow channels in areas of lower spray densities due to a uniform alignment of all Prevent nozzle heads arranged one behind the other, the orientations of the successive nozzle heads in the axial direction can be offset from each other, as in the Fig. 2 is indicated by the dash-dotted lines indicated spray axes 21 staggered main nozzles 5.

Claims (6)

  1. Fire-flghting installation which in installed in a tunnel, in particular a road tunnel, having nozzle lines which extend along a tunnel roof, are divided into longitudinal sections, are connected to nozzles for forming a spray or receive such nozzles and are connected in sections via in each case a valve to a pressure line for an extinguishing liquid, and having a control device, which is connected to a device for local detection of sources of fire, for the valves between the pressure line and the nozzle line, characterised in that in addition to main nozzles (5) directed towards a floor region of the tunnel (1), auxiliary nozzles (6) having a smaller nozzle diameter than the main nozzles (5) are provided for producing a spray in an upper tunnel region outside the spray region (19) of the main nozzles (5).
  2. Installation as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the spray axes (14) of the auxiliary nozzles (6) form an angle of at least 45°, preferably of 50 to 70°, with the spray axes (13) of the adjacent main nozzles (5).
  3. Installation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the diameter ratio of auxiliary nozzles (6) and main nozzles (5) is between 0.2 and 0.6.
  4. Installation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the number of auxiliary nozzles (6) exceeds the number of main nozzles (5) by at least twice, preferably by three to five-times.
  5. Installation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that in each case a main nozzle (5) is provided with allocated auxiliary nozzles (6) in a pipe section (15) which is coaxial with respect to the nozzle line and comprises a radial main bore (16) to receive the main nozzle (5), and auxiliary bores (17), which are axial thereto and offset in the peripheral direction, for the auxiliary nozzles (6).
  6. Installation as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the pipe section (15) comprises in its longitudinal centre the main bore (16) and comprises at an axial spacing upstream and downstream of the main bore (16) two respective auxiliary bores (17) which are disposed symmetrically with respect to an axial plane through the main bore (16) and at an angular offset of 45 to 70°.
EP02778977A 2001-10-17 2002-10-16 Installation for fire-fighting in a tunnel, especially a road tunnel Expired - Lifetime EP1436048B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT16502001 2001-10-17
AT0165001A AT411571B (en) 2001-10-17 2001-10-17 PLANT FOR FIRE-FIGHTING IN A TUNNEL, ESPECIALLY A ROAD TUNNEL
PCT/AT2002/000297 WO2003033079A1 (en) 2001-10-17 2002-10-16 Installation for fire-fighting in a tunnel, especially a road tunnel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1436048A1 EP1436048A1 (en) 2004-07-14
EP1436048B1 true EP1436048B1 (en) 2010-09-15

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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EP02778977A Expired - Lifetime EP1436048B1 (en) 2001-10-17 2002-10-16 Installation for fire-fighting in a tunnel, especially a road tunnel

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EP (1) EP1436048B1 (en)
AT (2) AT411571B (en)
DE (1) DE50214664D1 (en)
DK (1) DK1436048T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2353111T3 (en)
NO (1) NO20041896L (en)
SI (1) SI21405A (en)
WO (1) WO2003033079A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2003900068A0 (en) * 2003-01-08 2003-01-23 Mark Jursik A sprinker system
DE102011111525A1 (en) * 2011-08-31 2013-02-28 Fogtec Brandschutz Gmbh & Co. Kg Fire fighting in tunnels
CN102383823B (en) * 2011-10-28 2014-04-16 山西晋城无烟煤矿业集团有限责任公司 Process for controlling dust in belt roadway by sections through water spray
DK177678B1 (en) * 2011-12-19 2014-02-24 Vid Fire Kill Aps Modular fixed installed tunnel fire protection system.
JP6253399B2 (en) * 2013-12-25 2017-12-27 能美防災株式会社 Spray system for temperature drop in tunnel
EP3613471A1 (en) * 2018-08-21 2020-02-26 Kammer Consulting AG Fire protection system and method to prevent the extension of a fire in a zone to be protected
CN112494871A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-16 山东高速工程检测有限公司 Intelligent fire-fighting system for highway tunnel
CN114622946B (en) * 2022-04-12 2023-02-07 南京市建设工程消防审验服务中心 Fire fighting equipment for urban rail transit tunnel and fire fighting method based on fire fighting equipment

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2887797A (en) * 1996-05-20 1997-12-09 Ginge-Kerr Danmark A/S Method of fire fighting in the room
AU3722797A (en) * 1996-07-26 1998-02-20 Baumac Corporation Fire suppression mist nozzle arrangement
FR2793149B1 (en) * 1999-05-05 2001-11-30 Aristide Kaidonis FIRE AND POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICE IN TUNNELS
FI108214B (en) * 1999-10-08 2001-12-14 Marioff Corp Oy Device for extinguishing a fire
EP1103284A3 (en) 1999-11-24 2001-09-19 Siemens Building Technologies AG System for fighting fire for car tunnels
DE10005118A1 (en) * 2000-02-07 2001-08-09 Horst Kulas Mist-type fire extinguisher unit for tunnel; withdraws oxygen in case of fire by using heated extinguishing water mists from arrangement of nozzles and prevents fire from expanding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK1436048T3 (en) 2011-01-10
SI21405A (en) 2004-08-31
DE50214664D1 (en) 2010-10-28
WO2003033079A1 (en) 2003-04-24
EP1436048A1 (en) 2004-07-14
AT411571B (en) 2004-03-25
ATE481136T1 (en) 2010-10-15
ATA16502001A (en) 2003-08-15
ES2353111T3 (en) 2011-02-25
NO20041896L (en) 2004-07-05
NO20041896D0 (en) 2004-05-07

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