DE10005118A1 - Mist-type fire extinguisher unit for tunnel; withdraws oxygen in case of fire by using heated extinguishing water mists from arrangement of nozzles and prevents fire from expanding - Google Patents

Abstract

The unit withdraws oxygen in the case of a fire by using heated extinguishing water mists and prevents the fire from expanding. Preferably, the water is sprayed from special nozzles (a,b) and creates turbulence in flammable smoke gas and dissolves them. This reduces additional ignition and prevents further fire hazards. The nozzles are preferably inserted in a special arrangement for quick fire extinguishing.

Description

State of the art with sites

In the case of fires in tunnel tubes, the spatial limitation of the fire area means that the Increased temperatures do not develop or slow down or linger very slowly equally flammable fumes on the ceiling of the tunnel for a long time and spread in Flow direction of the z. Current draft in the tunnel tube.

The tactics used to date are tailored to the actions of fire departments. As a first countermeasure z. Currently extinguishers installed locally.

If a fire spreads or the fire load increases due to easily ignitable substances, larger The available hand-held fire extinguishers are insufficient.

In addition, their use by untrained people is often ineffective.

The z. The greatest risk at the moment is the time factor of:

Fire detection <alarming <approach <unfolding the extinguishing technology <extinguishing work

The flue gases that are sometimes highly toxic and ignitable during fires do not become immediately removed from the tunnel ceiling and in many cases can continue to ignite and fire into expand unpredictable orders of magnitude.

The toxic, aggressive gases often lead to poisoning.

Rescue work is hampered by smoke and high temperatures in the tunnel difficult.

Research

It was in the patent information center Rostock for factual and technical Research.

The following classes of international patent classifications were carried out:
F 22 B 13/00
A 62 C 2/06
A 62 C 3/00
A 62 C 31/00
B 64 D 1/16
A 62 C 35/00
A 62 C 5/00
F 41 H 9/04

Indication of the effects which are to be achieved with the invention:

The inventions specified in the protection claims 1, 2, 3 and 4 are the problem underlying, fire that releases great heat and flammable fumes in closed Tunnel tubes quickly, without great time delay, without endangering people and easy to keep small or to extinguish and the smoke gases that tend to ignite wash down.

Advantages achieved through protection claims 1, 2, 3, and  Solution according to protection claim 1:

The placement and water nebulization nebulising by means of wide spray nozzles installed on the ceiling (sketch 1 and 2 , figures b) causes an area with a diameter of approx. 10 m to be fogged from the ceiling to the floor of the tunnel. (Sketch 1 and 2 , Fig. 2).

The oxygen is extracted from the fire for further ignition.

Solid fuels and liquid fuels are equally affected.

Depending on the flame size and intensity, the ambient temperature is immediately reduced by at least Lowered 500 ° C.

The steam (mist) formed is further from the wide spray nozzle (b) from the Cooling and dissolving ceiling of water mist flowing in.

Clothing from people who are in the area from the start of the fire will kept wet and thus protected from ignition.

The breathability of the people is preserved.

Protection claim 2:

The flue gases from the fire that would linger along the tunnel ceiling are washed down and washed out.

With that

• 1. 1.) reduced the risk of poisoning people.
• 2. 2.) prevents further ignition of the ignitable gases.
• 3. 3.) further dangers minimized or prevented.

Rescue workers for fire fighting and rescue can be faster and reach the danger zone more safely.

Claim of protection 3:

That only the special arrangement (sketches 1 and 2 ) and the use of the mist nozzles in the execution of the throwing properties to be assigned is the prerequisite for effective fire fighting and reduction of further dangers.

Claim of protection 4:

Long spray nozzles are effective at the respective end of a section of approx. 50 m (sketch 1 ) as a vertical horizontal barrier (sketches 1 and 2 , Fig. 1).

The wide spray nozzles (sketch 1 and 2 , figures a) create a vertical horizontal barrier with the water mist flowing out. (Sketches 1 and 2 , Fig. 1)

Protection claim 5:

At the source of the fire, oxygen is extracted from the fire by dense water mist.

Smoke gases that would spread along the longitudinal axis of the tunnel are coming to us at the source of the fire stopped at the end of the section to be protected and prevented from moving on.

The remaining free tunnel areas are largely kept free of harmful gases.

The structure protected by aggressive smoke

Rescue teams get to the danger area faster, more safely and more densely.  

Advantages achieved through protection claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

The arrangement of the nozzles and the water mist that controls them:

• - the oxygen flow to the source of the fire is hampered by the thick fog,
• - the flames smothered or kept very small,
• - the ambient temperature is reduced by at least 600 ° C
• - the flue gases are washed down immediately to avoid ignition,
• - the water requirement was kept very low,
• - People are not hindered by smoke, there is a risk of poisoning largely reduced and people are able to save themselves,
• - The water consumption is classified as very low,
• - Due to the automatically working system, those affected can find themselves at the scene of the event primarily seek rescue,
• - The view remains almost clear due to the smoke gases removed.
• - Rescue teams can quickly get to the scene of the accident in the day,
• - Many sections can be switched on,
• - Protection of the building structure by displacing aggressive smoke gases.

A mist extinguishing system can easily from a fire area persons who are not trained in fire fighting can be easily put into operation.  

Sketches description Sketch 1

Shows a longitudinal section through a tunnel.

Side view

At the ends and in the middle are the wide-spray mist nozzles (a) on the walls Installed.

The water comes out against each other to the opposite wall.

The water atomization with flow specification turns smoke gases and fire into the respective horizontal directions prevented from spreading further.

This creates a horizontal fog lock ( 1 ).

There will be a spread of danger and the likelihood of ignition avoided.

In the tunnel ceiling area, wide spray mist nozzles (b) are installed, which cover the area from the ceiling to the floor with water spray and fire should delete.

A fog barrier ceiling-floor ( 2 ) is created.

The smoke gases are also flushed down with the spray jets.

Top view

The top view shows the nozzle arrangement and protective areas from above.

Sketch 2

The cross-section of the tunnel is shown in sketch 2

The wide spray nozzles (a) are located on the right and left walls and generate the horizontal barrier 1 by means of a spray steel arrangement directed towards one another.

The water mist generated by the wide spray nozzles (b) installed on the ceiling falls down, atomizes and flushes the flammable fumes down.

A spray mist ceiling / floor ( 2 ) is generated.

The water droplets are heated by the fire located there and by it emerging mist displaces the further supply of oxygen to the source of the fire.

Claims (5)

1. Fog fire extinguishing system against fires in tunnels, characterized in that in the event of fires caused by heated extinguishing water mist, the fire is deprived of oxygen and the spread of the fire is prevented. 2. Mist extinguishing system according to point 1, characterized in that flammable flue gases are swirled and washed down by the water emerging from the special nozzles. This prevents further ignition and severely limits further hazards.
The effect is achieved by arranging the mist extinguishing nozzles with low water consumption at 10 bar operating pressure 3. Fog extinguishing system according to protection claim 1 characterized that for quick fire extinguishing, the extinguishing nozzles are each in a special Execution of the throwing direction can be used. 4. Mist extinguishing system according to protection claim 1 characterized that the use and arrangement of the wide spray nozzles on the tunnel ceiling Flushing down the ignitable fumes and causing fire through fog the oxygen supply is withdrawn. 5. Mist extinguishing system according to protection claim 1 characterized that through the use and arrangement of the wide spray nozzles opposite to the Tunnel walls, a fire-retardant barrier, also against flue gases.