EP1435481B1 - Installation de protection pour citernes de gaz liquéfié destinées à être enterrées - Google Patents
Installation de protection pour citernes de gaz liquéfié destinées à être enterrées Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1435481B1 EP1435481B1 EP03078057A EP03078057A EP1435481B1 EP 1435481 B1 EP1435481 B1 EP 1435481B1 EP 03078057 A EP03078057 A EP 03078057A EP 03078057 A EP03078057 A EP 03078057A EP 1435481 B1 EP1435481 B1 EP 1435481B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- accordance
- sack
- protection system
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
- F17C2265/025—Mixing fluids different fluids
- F17C2265/027—Mixing fluids different fluids with odorizing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
- F17C2270/0144—Type of cavity
- F17C2270/0147—Type of cavity by burying vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
- F17C2270/0157—Location of cavity
- F17C2270/016—Location of cavity onshore
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a gas tank with protection system for underground installation and a method of assembling the tank.
- a known technique for the underground installation of a metal cylinder containing gas for example liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consists of excavating a trench wider than the diameter of the tank and deeper than the height of the tank, subsequently lowering the tank into the trench and backfilling the space between the tank and the walls of the trench with sand (a sand layer having a thickness of at least 30 cm is needed in the case of tank with a diameter of 110 cm).
- the tank is provided with short supporting legs and a closable hatch of which the top is level with the surface of the ground.
- Ballast usually consisting of cement, is attached to the bottom of the tank to avoid it being lifted out of the ground by hydrostatic forces in case of flooding.
- the tank is usually covered with a paint layer, usually a layer of thermo-hardening epoxy paint, and, immediately after being buried, connected to a sacrificial anode, which usually consists of one or more sacks containing magnesium, in accordance with the known technique of cathodic protection.
- a paint layer usually a layer of thermo-hardening epoxy paint
- a sacrificial anode which usually consists of one or more sacks containing magnesium, in accordance with the known technique of cathodic protection.
- a waterproof container capable of housing the tank after the excavation of the trench.
- This container may be an in-situ concrete structure or could be a prefabricated container made of plastics or some other rigid material.
- the tank is placed inside the container and fixed to it, possibly by means of a structure that comprises a watertight sleeve at the summit of the tank and a removable cover to close the free end of the sleeve.
- This second technique offers better safety guarantees in case of accidental gas losses, especially as far as pollution of the surrounding ground is concerned, and does not call for cathodic protection, but is more complicated and therefore also more expensive.
- One aim of the present invention is to provide a gas tank for underground installation complete with a protection system that will offer the same safety guarantees against pollution as are offered by the second solution described above, but will also be at least as simple and economic as the first solution.
- Another aim of the invention is to provide a method for assembling such a tank.
- a tank 10 containing liquefied petroleum gas is enveloped in a sack made of a material that is substantially impermeable to gas and water, for example consisting of at least one layer of waterproofed synthetic jute and/or cloth capable of resisting substantial loads, separated from the walls of the tank by means of a layer 12 of some inert gas permeable material, sand for example.
- the sack 11 with its contents is buried in a trench.
- the tank 10 is a steel recipient consisting of a cylindrical part and two end caps and is arranged in the trench with its longitudinal axis in a vertical position.
- an access pit 17 that contains the usual service, control and safety accessories, typically a pipe link for removing gaseous phase from the tank, a safety valve, a level gauge to indicate the level of the liquid phase, a filling valve and an outlet valve for the liquid phase.
- the lower end cap is provided with supporting legs 13 welded or otherwise attached to the cap; nevertheless, the invention can be advantageously implemented also with a tank devoid of such supporting legs: in that case, as will be explained further on, the tank will be provided with means of support of some other type.
- the access pit 17 consists of a metal sleeve attached to the upper end cap, the sleeve having its free upper end at the same level as the ground, where it is closed by a removable cover 18.
- the tank 10 and the sleeve 17 are lined by a protective layer of insulating material, for example a thermo-hardening epoxy resin paint.
- the sleeve of the access pit 17 may also be made of other corrosion-resisting materials, moulded plastic and high-density polyethylene being two cases in point.
- the opening of the sack 11 is tightened around the upper end cap of the tank at the base of the sleeve 17, using appropriate means, for example, a cable contained in a channel formed by bending the edge of the sack opening backwards.
- Two or more handles 19, which could be straps of synthetic jute, are fixed to the sack 11 to permit it being lifted complete with its contents.
- Small sacks 20 containing magnesium are buried in the vicinity of the sack 11 and are electrically connected (though this is not shown on the drawing) to the tank 10, so that they may act as sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection purposes.
- the sack 11, the sand layer 12, the epoxy paint layer covering the surface of tank 10 and the cathodic protection device jointly constitute an efficient protection system. More particularly, in case of losses due to a leak in tank 10, the impermeable bag 11 will prevent the gas passing into the ground, the sand layer 12 prevents the formation of potentially dangerous gas bubbles and at the same time, being permeable for gas, permits possible losses to rise out of the ground, so that they can be detected by appropriate sensors and alarm devices or directly by the supervisory personnel, always provided that the gas - as is required by safety regulations - contains odorizing substances. Any leak gas flows towards the outside through the sack opening, which usually is not gas tight although closed around the base of the sleeve of the access pit 17.
- a suitable gas vent passage for example a tube that connects the gap between tank and sack with the inside of the access pit 17.
- This tube can be used advantageously also for introducing into the gap a gauge to detect any gas leak.
- the lining layer of epoxy resin and the cathodic protection device prevent corrosion of the steel tank due to the effect of stray currents. All said and done, the resulting installation will have a long maintenance-free useful life.
- the permeable material has a specific weight greater than water, as is the case of the sand 12 utilized in the embodiment just described, there will be no need to attach ballast to the tank to counteract the hydrostatic forces set up if the ground were to become flooded.
- the sand itself, in fact, provides efficient weighting: in the case of a 1000-litre tank, for example, a sand layer about 3 cm thick will be quite sufficient to assure both this protective function and the ballast function. All that has to be done to perform the latter function is to close the sack 11 on the tank 10, as will be explained later.
- the ballast weight has to be limited, moreover, it is obviously possible to add some other granular material of low specific weight to the sand, for example, granules of expanded polystyrene.
- the sack here indicated by 11', is comprised advantageously, at least in part, of a material with micrometric pores through which water cannot pass as a liquid but can pass only in molecular form.
- the moisture of the soil can migrate to the sand layer through the micrometric pores in the sack. Due to this effect the cathodic protection can be embodied into the gap between tank and sack, as shown in figure 10; therefore, the tank complete with cathodic protection can be assembled in the factory, which makes greatly easier its installation.
- the sacrifical anodes of a cathodic protection system are each made up of a metal core, typically magnesium, positioned into a small sack together with a granular backfill.
- the backfill comprises typically gypsum, bentonite and sodium sulphate and, when suitably moistened, has the function of reducing the anode electrical resistance towards ground.
- the water molecules passing through the micrometric pores provide the necessary moisture to carry out this function.
- the granular backfill needs not to be concentrated into a small sack but can be placed loose in the gap between sack and tank, thus being part of the granular material that forms the gas permeable material.
- This latter material is preferably a differentiated granulometry material distributed in layers having granulometry that varies progressively from the bottom upward, i.e. in such a way that the material with higher granulometry is closer to the ground surface, i.e. to the edge of the trench that contains the assembly, and the material with lower granulometry is at the trench bottom.
- the sacrifical anodes together with the resistivity reducing granular material, either assembled in small sacks or in loose form, are disposed preferably in the lowest part of the trench.
- the backfill of the cathode protection system is moistened during assembling so that the cathodic protection can be activated before the tank is installed.
- the tank and the protection system in accordance with the invention can be assembled before being buried in the ground, so that the actual installation by the final user is greatly simplified. Indeed, he will have to do no more than excavate a trench just slightly greater than the volume of the fully assembled tank with its sack containing the gas permeable lining layer, possibly containing a cathodic protection system already wired and ready for activation, lower the assembly into the trench, burying the sacrificial anodes if they are not in the sack, and then backfilling the residual voids with appropriately compacted earth or other suitable material.
- an appropriate supporting structure 14 can be used to keep the tank in a vertical position in the trench during installation and permit its being readily moved also with hoist trucks before it is installed.
- the embodiment with legs integrally attached to the tank may be convenient when the tank to be installed is already provided with legs, the embodiment, without such legs makes it possible to obtain a more uniform distribution of the sand between the tank and the sack and avoids the local stresses to which the sack is subjected at the positions corresponding to the legs.
- the tank and protection system in accordance with the invention may be assembled before the tank is installed. More particularly, a tank already painted in the customary manner, with a thermo-hardening epoxy resin for example, is inserted in a sack of waterproofed synthetic jute or a material with micrometric pores for example, that is slightly larger than the tank. During this operation, as also during the subsequent operation, the sack is kept open and detached from the surface of the tank, which can be done, for example, by inserting a removable frame. Thereafter sand and/or some other permeable inert material is filled into the space between the tank and the sack possibly in differentiated granulometry layers and with such a moisture grade to activate the cathodic protection.
- the use of a frame for keeping the sack open may be avoided by spraying the sand, if necessary in combination with air, under pressure through a multiplicity of appropriate nozzles arranged around the open mouth of the sack.
- the tank, the sack and the sand may be convenient to subject the tank, the sack and the sand to vibration, thereby facilitating a uniform distribution and compaction of the sand in the available space.
- FIGs 3, 4 and 5 illustrate three possible conformations of the sleeve.
- the sleeve has a lower edge 30 that is bent towards the interior and provided with through holes for fixing it to the upper end cap of the tank 10 by means of bolts 31 integral with the cap.
- the sleeve 17 has similar lower edge 30, but bent outwards. In all three cases the sleeve 17 is shaped in such a way as to be provided with a perimetral groove that constitutes a seating 32 for the tightening cable 33 of the sack 11 within the loop formed by the folded edge of the sack mouth.
- FIGS 6 and 7 in which identical or corresponding parts are always identified by means of the reference numbers already used in Figure 1, show a cylindrical tank 10 substantially similar to the one in Figure 1, but designed to be buried with its axis horizontal rather than vertical.
- the sleeve 17 is here replaced by closed structure 50 that forms an access pit surrounding the service, control and safety accessories, which in this case are mounted on the cylindrical part of the tank.
- the sack 11 in this case has a mouth that substantially extends for the entire length of the tank and is closed by superposing the flaps of the sack mouth and tightening a cable around the access pit 50, this cable being similar to the one of the embodiment illustrated by Figures 1 to 4.
- the sack 11 may be similar to the one used for installation in the vertical position, with the sole exception of an additional opening that can be closed around the access pit before the sack is filled with sand; in this case the principal opening of the sack is closed completely (once again by means of a cable, for example) around a ringbolt 16 for lifting the tank that is normally provided at the top of one of the end caps of the tank, as is shown in Figures 8 and 9.
- Two handles 51 constituted, for example, by strips of synthetic jute integral with the sack 11 make it possible for the tank assembly to be lifted.
- the tank 10 in the embodiment of Figures 6 and 7 rests on two supporting cradles 52, which in the shown example are integral with the tank and are therefore situated within the sack 11, but - as can be seen from the embodiment shown in Figures 8 and 9 - could also be replaced by a structure 15 arranged at the bottom of the assembly in such a way as to constitute a support for the already assembled tank.
- the tank with protection system in accordance with the invention completely complies with the aims the invention set out to achieve.
- it assures complete safety as far as pollution of the surrounding ground is concerned, may be assembled in a very simple manner and can be installed underground in an equally simple manner, because it calls for nothing other than the excavation of a trench without any special containing or enveloping structures, nor does it require additional materials to be taken to the place where the tank is to be installed.
- it does not need any separate ballasting, because the function of the ballast is performed by the sand contained in the sack and the trench that has to be excavated is smaller than the one that would be needed to install the tank in accordance with the known techniques.
- the tank in accordance with the invention also offers another advantage as compared with the prior art inasmuch as it makes it possible to wholly avoid a typical problem of tanks painted with thermo-hardening epoxy resins.
- these resins rapidly lose their characteristics of protecting the surface to which they have been applied when they become exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Since this radiation is present in the radiation spectrum of the sun, tanks treated in this manner cannot be left for any substantial length of time in the open, and this creates serious storage problems. Since in accordance with the invention the pure and simple tank is placed inside a sack and is covered by a layer of sand immediately after being painted with an epoxy resin, the paint is efficiently screened against the ultraviolet radiation and therefore this problem will never arise.
- the screen can be further improved by using a sack made of a material that is opaque to ultraviolet radiations.
- factory assembly of the tank with its protection system completely eliminates the risk of the protective layer being damaged during transport and installation, which would be detrimental as far as corrosion protection of the underlying metal is concerned.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
Claims (25)
- Citerne équipée d'un système de protection pour une installation souterraine, le système de protection comprenant un sac (11) contenant la citerne (10) et constitué d'une matière essentiellement imperméable au gaz et à l'eau, ledit système de protection comprenant en outre une matière perméable au gaz (12) agencée dans un espace entre la citerne et le sac de manière à constituer une couche autour de la citerne,
caractérisée en ce que :- ladite citerne est une citerne de gaz ;- ledit sac comporte une ouverture fermée sur la citerne ; et- lesdits moyens de protection comprennent en outre des moyens de protection cathodique incorporés dans la couche de matière perméable au gaz (12). - Citerne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la matière perméable au gaz (12) présente un poids spécifique supérieur à celui de l'eau.
- Citerne selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle la matière perméable (12) comprend du sable en une quantité suffisante pour constituer un ballast empêchant la citerne de flotter dans l'eau.
- Citerne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le sac (11) comprend au moins une couche de jute synthétique.
- Citerne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le sac (11) comprend un tissu capable de résister à des charges importantes.
- Citerne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le sac (11) comprend une matière opaque au rayonnement ultraviolet.
- Citerne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle un passage d'évacuation de gaz est prévu entre l'espace et l'extérieur du sac.
- Citerne selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle le passage d'évacuation de gaz comprend un tube pour une jauge de détection de gaz.
- Citerne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le système de protection comprend une couche de matière isolante appliquée à la surface de la citerne (10).
- Citerne selon la revendication 9, dans laquelle la matière isolante comprend une résine époxy thermodurcissable.
- Citerne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le système de protection comprend des moyens (20) de protection cathodique.
- Citerne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le sac comprend une matière (11') comportant des pores micrométriques à travers lesquels l'eau ne peut pas passer sous forme liquide mais peut passer uniquement sous forme moléculaire.
- Citerne selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle la matière perméable au gaz (12) comprend une matière granulaire présentant une granulométrie différenciée distribuée de telle manière que la matière présentant la granulométrie la plus élevée soit plus proche de l'ouverture du sac.
- Citerne selon la revendication 13, dans laquelle les moyens de protection cathodique comprennent des moyens anodiques sacrificiels, des moyens électroconducteurs connectant les moyens anodiques sacrificiels avec la citerne et des moyens granulaires pour réduire la résistance électrique en contact avec les moyens anodiques sacrificiels.
- Citerne selon la revendication 14, dans laquelle les moyens granulaires pour réduire la résistance électrique font partie de la matière granulaire présentant une granulométrie différenciée.
- Citerne selon la revendication 14 ou 15, dans laquelle les moyens anodiques sacrificiels comprennent un corps métallique conçu pour agir comme une anode par rapport au métal de la citerne.
- Citerne selon la revendication 16, dans laquelle le corps métallique comprend du magnésium.
- Citerne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14 à 17, dans laquelle les moyens granulaires pour réduire la résistance électrique comprennent du gypse, de la bentonite et du sulfate de sodium.
- Citerne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14 à 18, dans laquelle les moyens granulaires pour réduire la résistance électrique présentent un niveau d'humidité susceptible d'activer la protection cathodique.
- Citerne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant des moyens de support (13, 52) intégrés à la citerne.
- Citerne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 19, comprenant des moyens de support (14, 15) à l'extérieur du sac (11).
- Procédé d'assemblage d'une citerne de gaz avec un système de protection pour une installation souterraine, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les opérations suivantes :- la mise en place de la citerne (10) à l'intérieur d'un sac (11) constitué d'une matière essentiellement imperméable au gaz et à l'eau ;- la mise en place d'un système de protection cathodique à l'intérieur dudit sac (11) ;- la connexion dudit système de protection cathodique à ladite citerne (10) ;- le maintien du sac (11) détaché de la surface de la citerne (10) de telle manière qu'il reste un espace entre la citerne et le sac ; et- le remplissage d'au moins une partie dudit espace avec une matière perméable au gaz (12) de manière à former une couche autour de la citerne entre la citerne et le sac,
ledit système de protection cathodique se retrouvant incorporé à l'intérieur de ladite couche. - Procédé selon la revendication 22, dans lequel l'opération de remplissage au moins partiel dudit espace avec la matière perméable au gaz comprend le versement de sable dans ledit espace.
- Procédé selon la revendication 22 ou la revendication 23, comprenant une action de vibration de la citerne (10) et de la matière perméable (12) pendant le versement.
- Procédé selon la revendication 22, 23 ou 24, dans lequel le sac (11') comprend une matière (11') comportant des pores micrométriques à travers lesquels l'eau ne peut pas passer sous forme liquide mais peut passer uniquement sous forme moléculaire.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03078057A EP1435481B1 (fr) | 2002-10-30 | 2003-09-26 | Installation de protection pour citernes de gaz liquéfié destinées à être enterrées |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02425656 | 2002-10-30 | ||
EP02425656 | 2002-10-30 | ||
EP03078057A EP1435481B1 (fr) | 2002-10-30 | 2003-09-26 | Installation de protection pour citernes de gaz liquéfié destinées à être enterrées |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05106252 Division | 2005-07-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1435481A1 EP1435481A1 (fr) | 2004-07-07 |
EP1435481B1 true EP1435481B1 (fr) | 2006-02-01 |
Family
ID=35810383
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03078057A Expired - Lifetime EP1435481B1 (fr) | 2002-10-30 | 2003-09-26 | Installation de protection pour citernes de gaz liquéfié destinées à être enterrées |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1435481B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE317090T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60303417D1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2257640T3 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT1435481E (fr) |
SI (1) | SI1435481T1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102588727B (zh) * | 2012-03-02 | 2014-04-16 | 冉训 | 一种高压燃料气地下储气井用多层储气井筒体的成型方法 |
US10837601B2 (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2020-11-17 | Ronald R. Mercer | Subterranean gas storage assembly |
US12025277B2 (en) | 2021-04-16 | 2024-07-02 | Michael D. Mercer | Subsurface gas storage system |
US11680684B2 (en) | 2021-04-16 | 2023-06-20 | Bedrock Gas Solutions, LLC | Small molecule gas storage adapter |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR748880A (fr) * | 1932-04-04 | 1933-07-12 | Perfectionnements aux réservoirs pour hydrocarbures ou autres liquides dangereux | |
AT231903B (de) * | 1961-09-19 | 1964-02-25 | Bp Benzin Und Petroleum Ag | Ein Austreten von Inhaltsstoffen in das umgebende Medium verhindernde Umhüllung für in die Erde versenkte Gefäße sowie Verfahren zur Registrierung von Undichtigkeiten so umhüllter Gefäße |
GB1194147A (en) * | 1968-03-09 | 1970-06-10 | Richard Heath Rohmer | System for the Underground Storage of Liquids. |
FR2689960B1 (fr) * | 1992-04-09 | 1994-05-27 | Etienne Leflaive | Citerne de stockage de gaz liquefie. |
DE69505802T2 (de) * | 1995-07-07 | 1999-04-01 | Walter Tosto Serbatoi S.P.A., Pescara | Schutzbehälter für die unterirdische Installation von Tanks für Flüssiggas unter Druck |
BE1013583A6 (fr) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-04-02 | J Remacle Ets | Cuve a hydrocarbure. |
-
2003
- 2003-09-26 SI SI200330238T patent/SI1435481T1/sl unknown
- 2003-09-26 PT PT03078057T patent/PT1435481E/pt unknown
- 2003-09-26 ES ES03078057T patent/ES2257640T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-26 EP EP03078057A patent/EP1435481B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-26 AT AT03078057T patent/ATE317090T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-09-26 DE DE60303417T patent/DE60303417D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SI1435481T1 (sl) | 2006-08-31 |
ES2257640T3 (es) | 2006-08-01 |
DE60303417D1 (de) | 2006-04-13 |
ATE317090T1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
PT1435481E (pt) | 2006-06-30 |
EP1435481A1 (fr) | 2004-07-07 |
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