EP1434002B1 - Lighting module for vehicle headlight - Google Patents

Lighting module for vehicle headlight Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1434002B1
EP1434002B1 EP03293063A EP03293063A EP1434002B1 EP 1434002 B1 EP1434002 B1 EP 1434002B1 EP 03293063 A EP03293063 A EP 03293063A EP 03293063 A EP03293063 A EP 03293063A EP 1434002 B1 EP1434002 B1 EP 1434002B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
module
optical axis
cut
focus
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP03293063A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1434002A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Albou
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Valeo Vision SAS
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Valeo Vision SAS
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/10—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and screens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • F21S41/147—Light emitting diodes [LED] the main emission direction of the LED being angled to the optical axis of the illuminating device
    • F21S41/148—Light emitting diodes [LED] the main emission direction of the LED being angled to the optical axis of the illuminating device the main emission direction of the LED being perpendicular to the optical axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
    • F21S41/321—Optical layout thereof the reflector being a surface of revolution or a planar surface, e.g. truncated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
    • F21S41/36—Combinations of two or more separate reflectors
    • F21S41/365—Combinations of two or more separate reflectors successively reflecting the light
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/40—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades
    • F21S41/43—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades characterised by the shape thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lighting module for a vehicle headlight providing a cut-off type lighting beam particularly suitable for use with light-emitting diodes.
  • cut-off lighting beam is meant a lighting beam which has a directional or cutoff limit above which the emitted light intensity is low.
  • the dipped beam and fog lamp functions are examples of cut-off light beams in accordance with current European legislation.
  • the cut is made by means of a cover, which is formed of a vertical plate of suitable profile, which is interposed axially between the elliptical reflector and the converging lens, and which is arranged in the vicinity of the second focus of the reflector.
  • the cache makes it possible to mask the light rays coming from the light source and reflected by the reflector towards the lower part of the focal plane of the convergent lens, and which would, in the absence of a cover, be emitted by the projector above the cut.
  • US-A-4 914 747 proposes to use a reflective mask having a cutting edge, in association with an elliptical reflector.
  • Another solution consists in producing a lighting module using a light source and a Fresnel optic or a reflector of the complex surface type. To create a cut, it is necessary to align the edges of the images of the light source on the measurement screen used to validate the regulation light beam.
  • the light source is a diode
  • the image of the virtual source corresponding to the diode is usually round is diffuse and it is much more complicated to achieve a clean cut by aligning the corresponding images of round shapes.
  • This difficulty can be overcome by using a diaphragm with the diode, but then a significant amount of the light energy produced by the diode is lost.
  • the emission indicators of the most efficient known diodes are complex and the production of a homogeneous beam is very difficult to obtain from the direct images of the diode.
  • the present invention aims at providing a lighting module for a vehicle headlamp producing a lighting beam of the cut-off type making it possible to achieve a clean cut, in particular by using a diode as a light source, as well as a beam of light. homogeneous lighting while offering less loss of luminous flux by avoiding the use of a cache.
  • the majority of the luminous flux emitted by the source is used in the light beam produced by the module.
  • the lighting module according to the invention makes it possible to achieve a clean cut, in particular with a diode, because it projects the image of the cutting edge at the front.
  • the shape of the cut-off in the lighting beam is thus determined by the profile of the cut-off edge.
  • the module according to the invention exploits a property of the elliptical lighting modules which is to "mix" the images of the light source at the second focus of the first reflector, which improves the homogeneity of the illumination beam produced.
  • such a module has improved optical performance compared to a system using a lens; there are indeed fewer losses due to the non-unit reflection coefficient of the reflective surface of the second reflector than by glass reflections in the lens.
  • said second reflector comprises a substantially paraboloidal surface for reflecting light rays.
  • said second reflector is a reflector of the complex surface type of reflection of light rays.
  • the optical axis of said first reflector forms an angle ⁇ with the optical axis of said second reflector so that said first reflector does not intercept light rays reflected by said second reflector.
  • This angle is chosen and optimized by using the property of the diodes to emit only in a half-space so that the first reflector does not intercept part of the flux reflected by the second reflector.
  • said cutoff edge has a substantially identical profile to the focal line of said second reflector in a plane containing the optical axis of said second reflector and perpendicular at the plane defined by the optical axis of said first reflector and the optical axis of said light source.
  • Such a profile makes it possible to improve the cutoff by compensating for the aberrations of the second reflector, especially in the case of a paraboloidal surface, when moving away from the optical axis of the second reflector.
  • said cutting edge is straight.
  • the cut can be improved by using a second complex surface type reflector.
  • the substantially elliptical surface of said first reflector is formed by an angular sector substantially of revolution about the optical axis of said first reflector and in that this angular sector extends vertically above the reflective face of said third reflector .
  • the module according to the invention may comprise several neighboring light sources which are generally aligned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the optical axis of said first reflector.
  • the module according to the invention comprises means for moving said third reflector along the optical axis of said second reflector.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a module according to the invention characterized in that said first, second and third reflectors are made in one piece.
  • the small thickness of the module makes it possible to inject all the reflectors at once into a mold without a drawer with a thin part.
  • said part is obtained by molding a material chosen from a thermoplastic material, a thermosetting material or an injected metal.
  • the material used may be a standard thermoplastic material of the PPS type (phenylene polysulfide), the reflective portions then being metallized, for example by aluminum. Such manufacture has the advantage of a low cost.
  • the material may also be a thermosetting material. This solution requires the presence of a radiator to evacuate the heat of the light source, especially when it is a photodiode.
  • the material used can also be an aluminum-type injected metal. Such a solution eliminates the use of a radiator, the metal of the room being directly used to remove heat.
  • said part is obtained by stamping.
  • the subject of the present invention is a lighting floodlight for producing a regulatory lighting beam of crossing, comprising a plurality of lighting modules according to the invention, of substantially identical structure and arranged substantially in parallel.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a side view of the vehicle projector lighting module 1 according to the invention.
  • the substantially elliptical surface 6 is made in the form of an angular sector with a substantially circular component and which extends in the half space above an axial plane perpendicular to the plane of the sheet and containing the optical axis. A1. As a first approximation, the surface 6 is a half ellipsoid.
  • the surface 6 may not be perfectly elliptical and have several specific profiles intended to optimize the light distribution in the light beam produced by the module 1. This implies that the first reflector 2 is not perfectly revolution .
  • the light source 5 is arranged substantially at the first focus F1 of the first reflector 2.
  • the light source 5 is a light-emitting diode which emits the majority of its light energy towards the reflecting inner surface of the substantially elliptical surface 6.
  • the optical axis A2 is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of a vehicle not shown and equipped with the lighting module 1.
  • the optical axis A1 forms an angle ⁇ with the optical axis A2.
  • the angle ⁇ as shown in Figure 1 is equal to 90 ° but we will see later that this angle can take other values.
  • the reflecting surface 7 is of substantially paraboloidal shape, the axis of the parabola being the optical axis A2.
  • the third reflector 4 also called bender, is located between the first reflector 2 and the second reflector 3 and comprises at least one upper reflective surface 8 and a front end edge 9, said cutting edge.
  • the cutoff edge 9 is arranged in the vicinity of the second focus F2 of the first reflector 2.
  • edge 9 as shown in this figure is straight but we will see later that the profile of this edge 9 can be adapted to compensate for the field curvature of the substantially paraboloidal surface 7.
  • the operating principle of the lighting module 1 according to the invention is as follows:
  • the light source 5 is arranged at the first focus F1 of the first reflector 2, most of the rays emitted by the source 5, after being reflected on the inner face 6, is returned to the second focus F2 or in the vicinity of that -this. This is the case of the radius R1 which passes along the cutting edge 9. R1 is then reflected on the surface 7 of the second reflector 3 in a direction substantially parallel to the optical axis A2 of the second reflector 3.
  • An advantage of the lighting module 1 according to the invention is that it does not obscure a significant portion of the light rays emitted by the source 5, as is the case in a conventional lighting module having a cache.
  • the reflecting surface 8 can "fold" the images of the light source 5 which are reflected by the elliptical surface 6 of the first reflector 2 to the second focus F2.
  • the "fold” formed by this "folding" of images contributes to forming a clean cut in the illumination beam reflected by the second reflector 3.
  • angle ⁇ is selected and optimized by using the property of the diodes to emit only in a half-space so that the first reflector 2 does not intercept part of the flux reflected by the second reflector 3.
  • the ⁇ angle chosen to illustrate the invention is equal to 90 ° but this angle can also be greater than 90 ° to obtain a more compact module while allowing the first reflector 2 not to intercept a portion of the flux reflected by the second reflector 3.
  • the right edge as described in FIG. 1 can be replaced by an edge having a complex shape.
  • FIG. 2 represents the profile of the cutoff edge 9 in the plane containing the optical axis A2 and perpendicular to the representation plane of FIG. 1.
  • This profile 10 substantially follows the focal line of the second reflector; this focal line corresponds to the intersection of the location of the best focal points of the second reflector with the plane containing the optical axis A2 and perpendicular to the representation plane of FIG. 1 which is the plane defined by the optical axis A1 of the first reflector 2 and the optical axis of said light source 5.
  • Another solution is to keep a straight cut edge and replace the substantially paraboloidal surface of the second reflector with a complex type surface adapted to improve the cut and control the distribution of light along the optical axis of the second reflector.
  • FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of a lighting module 1 according to the invention.
  • This module 1 is identical to that shown in FIG. 1 with the difference that the angle ⁇ between the optical axis A2 of the second reflector 3 and the optical axis A1 of the first reflector 2 is equal to about 120 ° so as to achieve a compact module while avoiding that the first reflector 2 does not intercept part of the flux reflected by the second reflector.
  • the three reflectors 2, 3 and 4 were here made in one piece 1.
  • This module 1 further comprises ribs 11.
  • the reflective surface of the third reflector 4 comprises two inclined V-shaped planes 8A and 8B so that the cut-off edge 9 has a profile approximately along the focal line of the second reflector 3. This V-shaped profile is only an approximation of the theoretical focal point but other curved profiles can also be used.
  • the material used may be a standard thermoplastic material of the PPS (phenylene polysulfide) type or a thermosetting material, the reflective parts being then metallized, for example by aluminum.
  • PPS phenylene polysulfide
  • thermosetting material for example by aluminum.
  • Such manufacture has the advantage of a low cost.
  • This first embodiment requires the presence of a radiator to evacuate the heat of the light source, especially when it is a photodiode.
  • the material used may be an aluminum-type injected metal.
  • Such a solution makes it possible to dispense with the use of a radiator, by using the properties of the metal to evacuate the heat.
  • the method of manufacture as described uses a molding method but it is also possible to use a stamping.
  • the module according to the invention has been described as made in one piece but it is also possible to manufacture the different reflectors separately.
  • the light source described was a photodiode but it can also be another type of source such as the free end of an optical fiber bundle. It is also possible to use any lamp placed at the first focus of an ellipsoidal light collector, the light output being at the second focus of the collector.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)

Abstract

The module (1) has a first reflector (2) for reflecting light rays from a LED (5) fixed near the first focus (F1) of the first reflector. A second reflector (3) produces the rays at an outlet with a focus fixed at a vicinity of second focus (F2) of the first reflector. A third reflector (4) is positioned between the first and second reflectors, where the third reflector has a cutting edge (9) fixed near the second focus to cut the rays. An Independent claim is also included for a method of manufacturing a module.

Description

La présente invention concerne un module d'éclairage pour projecteur de véhicule réalisant un faisceau d'éclairage du type à coupure particulièrement adapté à une utilisation avec des diodes électroluminescentes.The present invention relates to a lighting module for a vehicle headlight providing a cut-off type lighting beam particularly suitable for use with light-emitting diodes.

On entend par faisceau d'éclairage à coupure un faisceau d'éclairage qui comporte une limite directionnelle ou coupure, au-dessus de laquelle l'intensité lumineuse émise est faible.By cut-off lighting beam is meant a lighting beam which has a directional or cutoff limit above which the emitted light intensity is low.

Les fonctions de feux de croisement et de feux antibrouillards sont des exemples de faisceaux d'éclairage à coupure, conformément à la législation européenne en vigueur.The dipped beam and fog lamp functions are examples of cut-off light beams in accordance with current European legislation.

Généralement, dans un projecteur elliptiquetel que celui qui est connu du document EP-A-1 126 210, la coupure est réalisée au moyen d'un cache, qui est formé d'une plaque verticale de profil adapté, qui est interposé axialement entre le réflecteur elliptique et la lentille convergente, et qui est agencé au voisinage du second foyer du réflecteur.Generally, in an elliptiquetel projector that is known from EP-A-1 126 210, the cut is made by means of a cover, which is formed of a vertical plate of suitable profile, which is interposed axially between the elliptical reflector and the converging lens, and which is arranged in the vicinity of the second focus of the reflector.

Le cache permet d'occulter les rayons lumineux issus de la source lumineuse et réfléchis par le réflecteur vers la partie inférieure du plan focal de la lentille convergente, et qui seraient, en l'absence de cache, émis par le projecteur au-dessus de la coupure.The cache makes it possible to mask the light rays coming from the light source and reflected by the reflector towards the lower part of the focal plane of the convergent lens, and which would, in the absence of a cover, be emitted by the projector above the cut.

Toutefois, une telle solution présente certaines difficultés.However, such a solution presents certain difficulties.

Ainsi, un inconvénient de ce type de projecteur est qu'une partie significative du flux lumineux émis par la source se dissipe dans la face arrière du cache. Le document US-A-4 914 747 propose d'utiliser un cache réfléchissant comportant un bord de coupure, en association avec un réflecteur elliptique.Thus, a disadvantage of this type of projector is that a significant portion of the light flux emitted by the source is dissipated in the rear face of the cache. US-A-4 914 747 proposes to use a reflective mask having a cutting edge, in association with an elliptical reflector.

Une autre solution consiste à réaliser un module d'éclairage utilisant une source lumineuse et une optique de Fresnel ou un réflecteur du type à surface complexe. Pour créer une coupure, il est nécessaire d'aligner les bords des images de la source lumineuse sur l'écran de mesure servant à valider le faisceau d'éclairage réglementaire.Another solution consists in producing a lighting module using a light source and a Fresnel optic or a reflector of the complex surface type. To create a cut, it is necessary to align the edges of the images of the light source on the measurement screen used to validate the regulation light beam.

Cette solution pose également certains problèmes.This solution also poses certain problems.

Ainsi, lorsque la source lumineuse est une diode, il est très difficile de réaliser une coupure nette. En effet, l'image de la source virtuelle correspondant à la diode est généralement ronde est diffuse et il est beaucoup plus compliqué de réaliser une coupure nette en alignant les images correspondantes de formes rondes.Thus, when the light source is a diode, it is very difficult to achieve a clean cut. Indeed, the image of the virtual source corresponding to the diode is usually round is diffuse and it is much more complicated to achieve a clean cut by aligning the corresponding images of round shapes.

Cette difficulté peut être surmontée en utilisant un diaphragme avec la diode, mais on perd alors une quantité importante de l'énergie lumineuse produite par la diode.This difficulty can be overcome by using a diaphragm with the diode, but then a significant amount of the light energy produced by the diode is lost.

En outre, les indicatrices d'émission des diodes connues les plus performantes sont complexes et la réalisation d'un faisceau homogène est très difficile à obtenir à partir des images directes de la diode.In addition, the emission indicators of the most efficient known diodes are complex and the production of a homogeneous beam is very difficult to obtain from the direct images of the diode.

La présente invention vise à fournir un module d'éclairage pour projecteur de véhicule réalisant un faisceau d'éclairage du type à coupure permettant de réaliser une coupure nette, notamment en utilisant une diode en tant que source lumineuse, ainsi qu'un faisceau d'éclairage homogène tout en offrant moins de perte de flux lumineux en s'affranchissant de l'utilisation d'un cache.The present invention aims at providing a lighting module for a vehicle headlamp producing a lighting beam of the cut-off type making it possible to achieve a clean cut, in particular by using a diode as a light source, as well as a beam of light. homogeneous lighting while offering less loss of luminous flux by avoiding the use of a cache.

La présente invention propose à cet effet un module d'éclairage pour projecteur de véhicule réalisant un faisceau d'éclairage du type à coupure comportant :

  • un premier réflecteur comportant une surface sensiblement elliptique de réflexion des rayons lumineux,
  • au moins une source lumineuse agencée au voisinage du premier foyer dudit premier réflecteur,
caractérisé en ce que ledit module comporte :
  • un deuxième réflecteur produisant le faisceau à coupure de sortie et dont le foyer est agencé au voisinage du second foyer dudit premier réflecteur,
  • un troisième réflecteur, dit plieuse, dont la face supérieure est réfléchissante, ladite plieuse se situant entre ledit premier réflecteur et ledit deuxième réflecteur et comportant un bord, dit bord de coupure, agencé au voisinage du second foyer dudit premier réflecteur de manière à former la coupure dans le faisceau d'éclairage,
  • et en ce que ladite source lumineuse est une diode électroluminescente.
The present invention proposes for this purpose a lighting module for a vehicle headlight producing a lighting beam of the cut-off type comprising:
  • a first reflector comprising a substantially elliptical surface for reflecting light rays,
  • at least one light source arranged in the vicinity of the first focus of said first reflector,
characterized in that said module comprises:
  • a second reflector producing the output cut beam and whose focus is arranged in the vicinity of the second focus of said first reflector,
  • a third reflector, said folding, whose upper face is reflective, said folder being located between said first reflector and said second reflector and having an edge, said cutting edge, arranged in the vicinity of the second focus of said first reflector so as to form the cut in the lighting beam,
  • and in that said light source is a light emitting diode.

Grâce à l'invention, la majorité du flux lumineux émis par la source est utilisé dans le faisceau lumineux produit par le module.Thanks to the invention, the majority of the luminous flux emitted by the source is used in the light beam produced by the module.

De plus, le module d'éclairage selon l'invention permet de réaliser une coupure nette, notamment avec une diode, car il projette à l'avant l'image du bord de coupure. La forme de la coupure dans le faisceau d'éclairage est donc déterminée par le profil du bord de coupure.In addition, the lighting module according to the invention makes it possible to achieve a clean cut, in particular with a diode, because it projects the image of the cutting edge at the front. The shape of the cut-off in the lighting beam is thus determined by the profile of the cut-off edge.

En outre, le module selon l'invention exploite une propriété des modules d'éclairage elliptiques qui est de « mélanger » les images de la source lumineuse au second foyer du premier réflecteur, ce qui améliore l'homogénéité du faisceau d'éclairage produit.In addition, the module according to the invention exploits a property of the elliptical lighting modules which is to "mix" the images of the light source at the second focus of the first reflector, which improves the homogeneity of the illumination beam produced.

Enfin, un tel module présente des performances optiques améliorées par rapport à un système utilisant une lentille ; il y a en effet moins de pertes dues au coefficient de réflexion non unitaire de la surface réfléchissante du deuxième réflecteur que par réflexions vitreuses dans la lentille.Finally, such a module has improved optical performance compared to a system using a lens; there are indeed fewer losses due to the non-unit reflection coefficient of the reflective surface of the second reflector than by glass reflections in the lens.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, ledit deuxième réflecteur comporte une surface sensiblement paraboloïdale de réflexion des rayons lumineux.According to a first embodiment, said second reflector comprises a substantially paraboloidal surface for reflecting light rays.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, ledit deuxième réflecteur est un réflecteur de type à surface complexe de réflexion des rayons lumineux.According to a second embodiment, said second reflector is a reflector of the complex surface type of reflection of light rays.

Avantageusement, l'axe optique dudit premier réflecteur forme un angle α avec l'axe optique dudit deuxième réflecteur de sorte que ledit premier réflecteur n'intercepte pas de rayons lumineux réfléchis par ledit deuxième réflecteur.Advantageously, the optical axis of said first reflector forms an angle α with the optical axis of said second reflector so that said first reflector does not intercept light rays reflected by said second reflector.

Cet angle est choisi et optimisé en utilisant la propriété des diodes de n'émettre que dans un demi-espace de sorte que le premier réflecteur n'intercepte pas une partie du flux réfléchi par le deuxième réflecteur.This angle is chosen and optimized by using the property of the diodes to emit only in a half-space so that the first reflector does not intercept part of the flux reflected by the second reflector.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, ledit bord de coupure a un profil sensiblement identique à la ligne focale dudit deuxième réflecteur dans un plan contenant l'axe optique dudit deuxième réflecteur et perpendiculaire au plan défini par l'axe optique dudit premier réflecteur et l'axe optique de ladite source lumineuse.According to an advantageous embodiment, said cutoff edge has a substantially identical profile to the focal line of said second reflector in a plane containing the optical axis of said second reflector and perpendicular at the plane defined by the optical axis of said first reflector and the optical axis of said light source.

Un tel profil permet d'améliorer la coupure en compensant les aberrations du deuxième réflecteur, notamment dans le cas d'une surface paraboloïdale, lorsqu'on s'éloigne de l'axe optique du deuxième réflecteur.Such a profile makes it possible to improve the cutoff by compensating for the aberrations of the second reflector, especially in the case of a paraboloidal surface, when moving away from the optical axis of the second reflector.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, ledit bord de coupure est droit.According to another embodiment, said cutting edge is straight.

Dans ce cas, la coupure peut être améliorée en utilisant un deuxième réflecteur de type à surface complexe.In this case, the cut can be improved by using a second complex surface type reflector.

Avantageusement, la surface sensiblement elliptique dudit premier réflecteur est formée par un secteur angulaire de pièce sensiblement de révolution autour de l'axe optique dudit premier réflecteur et en ce que ce secteur angulaire s'étend verticalement au-dessus de la face réfléchissante dudit troisième réflecteur.Advantageously, the substantially elliptical surface of said first reflector is formed by an angular sector substantially of revolution about the optical axis of said first reflector and in that this angular sector extends vertically above the reflective face of said third reflector .

Avantageusement, le module selon l'invention peut comporter plusieurs sources lumineuses voisines qui sont globalement alignées suivant une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe optique dudit premier réflecteur.Advantageously, the module according to the invention may comprise several neighboring light sources which are generally aligned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the optical axis of said first reflector.

Avantageusement, le module selon l'invention comporte des moyens pour déplacer ledit troisième réflecteur le long de l'axe optique dudit deuxième réflecteur.Advantageously, the module according to the invention comprises means for moving said third reflector along the optical axis of said second reflector.

Ainsi, on peut obtenir un module permettant de réaliser à la fois un faisceau d'éclairage du type à coupure, par exemple pour des feux de croisement, et un faisceau d'éclairage sans coupure, par exemple pour des feux de route.Thus, it is possible to obtain a module making it possible to produce both a lighting beam of the cut-off type, for example for dipped beam headlights, and an unbroken lighting beam, for example for high beams.

La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un module selon l'invention caractérisé en ce que lesdits premier, deuxième et troisième réflecteurs sont réalisés d'une seule pièce.The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a module according to the invention characterized in that said first, second and third reflectors are made in one piece.

La faible épaisseur du module permet d'injecter tous les réflecteurs en une seule fois dans un moule sans tiroir avec une pièce mince.The small thickness of the module makes it possible to inject all the reflectors at once into a mold without a drawer with a thin part.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation avantageux, ladite pièce est obtenue par moulage d'un matériau choisi parmi un matériau thermoplastique, un matériau thermodurcissable ou un métal injecté.According to a first advantageous embodiment, said part is obtained by molding a material chosen from a thermoplastic material, a thermosetting material or an injected metal.

Ainsi, le matériau utilisé peut être un matériau thermoplastique standard du type PPS (Polysulfure de phenylene), les parties réfléchissantes étant ensuite métallisées, par exemple par de l'aluminium. Une telle fabrication présente l'avantage d'un faible coût. Le matériau peut également être un matériau thermodurcissable. Cette solution nécessite la présence d'un radiateur pour évacuer la chaleur de la source lumineuse, notamment lorsqu'il s'agit d'une photodiode.Thus, the material used may be a standard thermoplastic material of the PPS type (phenylene polysulfide), the reflective portions then being metallized, for example by aluminum. Such manufacture has the advantage of a low cost. The material may also be a thermosetting material. This solution requires the presence of a radiator to evacuate the heat of the light source, especially when it is a photodiode.

Le matériau utilisé peut également être un métal injecté du type Aluminium. Une telle solution permet de s'affranchir de l'utilisation d'un radiateur, le métal de la pièce étant directement utilisé pour évacuer la chaleur.The material used can also be an aluminum-type injected metal. Such a solution eliminates the use of a radiator, the metal of the room being directly used to remove heat.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, ladite pièce est obtenue par emboutissage.According to a second embodiment, said part is obtained by stamping.

La présente invention a enfin pour objet un projecteur d'éclairage pour réaliser un faisceau d'éclairage réglementaire de croisement, comportant une pluralité de modules d'éclairage selon l'invention, de structure sensiblement identique et agencés sensiblement parallèlement.Finally, the subject of the present invention is a lighting floodlight for producing a regulatory lighting beam of crossing, comprising a plurality of lighting modules according to the invention, of substantially identical structure and arranged substantially in parallel.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront dans la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention, donné à titre illustratif et nullement limitatif.Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear in the following description of an embodiment of the invention, given by way of illustration and in no way limiting.

Dans les figures suivantes :

  • La figure 1 représente schématiquement une vue de coté d'un module d'éclairage selon l'invention illustrant le trajet des rayons lumineux,
  • La figure 2 représente le profil d'un bord de coupure d'un module d'éclairage selon l'invention,
  • La figure 3 représente une vue en perspective d'un module d'éclairage selon l'invention,
In the following figures:
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a side view of a lighting module according to the invention illustrating the path of the light rays,
  • FIG. 2 represents the profile of a cutoff edge of a lighting module according to the invention,
  • FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of a lighting module according to the invention,

Dans toutes les figures, les éléments communs portent les mêmes numéros de référence.In all the figures, the common elements bear the same reference numbers.

La figure 1 représente schématiquement une vue de coté du module 1 d'éclairage pour projecteur de véhicule selon l'invention.Figure 1 shows schematically a side view of the vehicle projector lighting module 1 according to the invention.

Le module 1 comporte :

  • un premier réflecteur 2,
  • un deuxième réflecteur 3,
  • un troisième réflecteur 4,
  • une source lumineuse 5.
Module 1 comprises:
  • a first reflector 2,
  • a second reflector 3,
  • a third reflector 4,
  • a light source 5.

Le premier réflecteur 2 est un réflecteur du type elliptique possédant :

  • deux foyers F1 et F2,
  • un axe optique A1,
  • une surface réfléchissante 6 sensiblement elliptique.
The first reflector 2 is an elliptical reflector having:
  • two foci F1 and F2,
  • an optical axis A1,
  • a reflective surface 6 substantially elliptical.

La surface sensiblement elliptique 6 est réalisée sous la forme d'un secteur angulaire de pièce sensiblement de révolution et qui s'étend dans le demi espace situé au-dessus d'un plan axial perpendiculaire au plan de la feuille et contenant l'axe optique A1. En première approximation, la surface 6 est une demi ellipsoïde.The substantially elliptical surface 6 is made in the form of an angular sector with a substantially circular component and which extends in the half space above an axial plane perpendicular to the plane of the sheet and containing the optical axis. A1. As a first approximation, the surface 6 is a half ellipsoid.

On peut cependant noter que la surface 6 peut ne pas être parfaitement elliptique et avoir plusieurs profils spécifiques prévus pour optimiser la répartition lumineuse dans le faisceau d'éclairage produit par le module 1. Ceci implique que le premier réflecteur 2 ne soit pas parfaitement de révolution.It may however be noted that the surface 6 may not be perfectly elliptical and have several specific profiles intended to optimize the light distribution in the light beam produced by the module 1. This implies that the first reflector 2 is not perfectly revolution .

La source lumineuse 5 se trouve agencée sensiblement au premier foyer F1 du premier réflecteur 2.The light source 5 is arranged substantially at the first focus F1 of the first reflector 2.

Avantageusement, la source lumineuse 5 est une diode électroluminescente qui émet la majorité de son énergie lumineuse vers la face interne réfléchissante de la surface sensiblement elliptique 6.Advantageously, the light source 5 is a light-emitting diode which emits the majority of its light energy towards the reflecting inner surface of the substantially elliptical surface 6.

Le deuxième réflecteur 3 comporte :

  • un foyer sensiblement confondu avec le second foyer F2 du premier réflecteur 2,
  • un axe optique A2,
  • une surface réfléchissante 7.
The second reflector 3 comprises:
  • a focus substantially coincident with the second focus F2 of the first reflector 2,
  • an optical axis A2,
  • a reflecting surface 7.

L'axe optique A2 est sensiblement parallèle à l'axe longitudinal d'un véhicule non représenté et équipé du module d'éclairage 1.The optical axis A2 is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of a vehicle not shown and equipped with the lighting module 1.

L'axe optique A1 forme un angle α avec l'axe optique A2. L'angle α tel que représenté sur la figure 1 est égal à 90° mais nous verrons par la suite que cet angle peut prendre d'autres valeurs.The optical axis A1 forms an angle α with the optical axis A2. The angle α as shown in Figure 1 is equal to 90 ° but we will see later that this angle can take other values.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, la surface réfléchissante 7 est de forme sensiblement paraboloïdale, l'axe de la parabole étant l'axe optique A2.According to a first embodiment, the reflecting surface 7 is of substantially paraboloidal shape, the axis of the parabola being the optical axis A2.

Le troisième réflecteur 4, encore appelé plieuse, se situe entre le premier réflecteur 2 et le deuxième réflecteur 3 et comporte au moins une face supérieure 8 réfléchissante et un bord d'extrémité avant 9, dit bord de coupure.The third reflector 4, also called bender, is located between the first reflector 2 and the second reflector 3 and comprises at least one upper reflective surface 8 and a front end edge 9, said cutting edge.

Le bord de coupure 9 est agencé au voisinage du second foyer F2 du premier réflecteur 2.The cutoff edge 9 is arranged in the vicinity of the second focus F2 of the first reflector 2.

Notons que le bord 9 tel que représenté sur cette figure est droit mais nous verrons par la suite que le profil de ce bord 9 peut être adapté pour compenser la courbure de champ de la surface sensiblement paraboloïdale 7.Note that the edge 9 as shown in this figure is straight but we will see later that the profile of this edge 9 can be adapted to compensate for the field curvature of the substantially paraboloidal surface 7.

Le principe de fonctionnement du module d'éclairage 1 selon l'invention est le suivant :The operating principle of the lighting module 1 according to the invention is as follows:

Nous considèrerons pour cela trois rayons lumineux R1, R2 et R3 issus de la source lumineuse 5.We will consider for this purpose three light rays R1, R2 and R3 coming from the light source 5.

Comme la source lumineuse 5 est agencée au premier foyer F1 du premier réflecteur 2, la majeure partie des rayons émis par la source 5, après s'être réfléchie sur la face interne 6, est renvoyée vers le second foyer F2 ou au voisinage de celui-ci. C'est le cas du rayon R1 qui passe le long du bord de coupure 9. R1 se réfléchit ensuite sur la surface 7 du deuxième réflecteur 3 selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à l'axe optique A2 du deuxième réflecteur 3.Since the light source 5 is arranged at the first focus F1 of the first reflector 2, most of the rays emitted by the source 5, after being reflected on the inner face 6, is returned to the second focus F2 or in the vicinity of that -this. This is the case of the radius R1 which passes along the cutting edge 9. R1 is then reflected on the surface 7 of the second reflector 3 in a direction substantially parallel to the optical axis A2 of the second reflector 3.

Cependant, d'autres rayons peuvent, après s'être réfléchi sur la face interne 6, se réfléchir sur la surface 8 de la plieuse 4 ; c'est le cas de R2. R2 va ensuite se réfléchir à nouveau sur la surface 7 paraboloïdale et cette réflexion se fera vers la gauche dans le plan de la figure 1. Le rayon R2 est donc émis sous la coupure dans le faisceau d'éclairage. Sans la réflexion de R2 sur la surface 8, le rayon R2 aurait été inacceptable (car au-dessus de la coupure).However, other rays may, after being reflected on the inner face 6, reflect on the surface 8 of the folder 4; this is the case of R2. R2 will then be reflected again on the paraboloidal surface 7 and this reflection will be to the left in the plane of Figure 1. The radius R2 is emitted under the cut in the lighting beam. Without the reflection of R2 on the surface 8, the radius R2 would have been unacceptable (because above the cutoff).

D'autres rayons, du type de R3, peuvent passer au-dessus du bord 9. Dans un tel cas, le rayon R3 est également émis sous la coupure dans le faisceau d'éclairage.Other rays, of the R3 type, can pass over the edge 9. In such a case, the radius R3 is also emitted under the cut-off in the illumination beam.

Un avantage du module d'éclairage 1 selon l'invention est qu'il n'occulte pas une partie importante des rayons lumineux émis par la source 5, comme c'est le cas dans un module d'éclairage classique comportant un cache.An advantage of the lighting module 1 according to the invention is that it does not obscure a significant portion of the light rays emitted by the source 5, as is the case in a conventional lighting module having a cache.

La surface réfléchissante 8 permet de « replier » les images de la source lumineuse 5 qui sont réfléchies par la surface elliptique 6 du premier réflecteur 2 au second foyer F2.The reflecting surface 8 can "fold" the images of the light source 5 which are reflected by the elliptical surface 6 of the first reflector 2 to the second focus F2.

Le « pli » formé par ce « repliement » d'images contribue à former une coupure nette dans le faisceau d'éclairage réfléchi par le deuxième réflecteur 3.The "fold" formed by this "folding" of images contributes to forming a clean cut in the illumination beam reflected by the second reflector 3.

Notons que l'angle α est choisi et optimisé en utilisant la propriété des diodes de n'émettre que dans un demi-espace de sorte que le premier réflecteur 2 n'intercepte pas une partie du flux réfléchi par le deuxième réflecteur 3. L'angle α choisi pour illustrer l'invention est égal à 90° mais cet angle peut également être supérieur à 90° afin d'obtenir un module plus compact tout en permettant au premier réflecteur 2 de ne pas intercepter une partie du flux réfléchi par le deuxième réflecteur 3.Note that the angle α is selected and optimized by using the property of the diodes to emit only in a half-space so that the first reflector 2 does not intercept part of the flux reflected by the second reflector 3. The α angle chosen to illustrate the invention is equal to 90 ° but this angle can also be greater than 90 ° to obtain a more compact module while allowing the first reflector 2 not to intercept a portion of the flux reflected by the second reflector 3.

En outre, nous avons considéré que le bord 9 était droit ; cette hypothèse revient à négliger la courbure de champ de la surface paraboloïdale 7.In addition, we considered that the edge 9 was straight; this hypothesis amounts to neglecting the curvature of the field of the paraboloidal surface 7.

Afin de compenser précisément les importantes aberrations de la parabole lorsqu'on d'éloigne de l'axe optique A2, on peut remplacer le bord droit tel que décrit en figure 1 par un bord ayant une forme complexe.In order to precisely compensate for the large aberrations of the parabola when moving away from the optical axis A2, the right edge as described in FIG. 1 can be replaced by an edge having a complex shape.

Ainsi, la figure 2 représente le profil 10 du bord de coupure 9 dans le plan contenant l'axe optique A2 et perpendiculaire au plan de représentation de la figure 1.Thus, FIG. 2 represents the profile of the cutoff edge 9 in the plane containing the optical axis A2 and perpendicular to the representation plane of FIG. 1.

Ce profil 10 suit sensiblement la ligne focale du deuxième réflecteur; cette ligne focale correspond à l'intersection du lieu des meilleurs foyers du deuxième réflecteur avec le plan contenant l'axe optique A2 et perpendiculaire au plan de représentation de la figure 1 qui est le plan défini par l'axe optique A1 du premier réflecteur 2 et l'axe optique de ladite source lumineuse 5.This profile 10 substantially follows the focal line of the second reflector; this focal line corresponds to the intersection of the location of the best focal points of the second reflector with the plane containing the optical axis A2 and perpendicular to the representation plane of FIG. 1 which is the plane defined by the optical axis A1 of the first reflector 2 and the optical axis of said light source 5.

Une autre solution consiste à conserver un bord de coupure droit et à remplacer la surface sensiblement paraboloïdale du deuxième réflecteur par une surface du type complexe adaptée pour améliorer la coupure et maîtriser la répartition de la lumière suivant l'axe optique du deuxième réflecteur.Another solution is to keep a straight cut edge and replace the substantially paraboloidal surface of the second reflector with a complex type surface adapted to improve the cut and control the distribution of light along the optical axis of the second reflector.

La figure 3 représente une vue en perspective d'un module 1 d'éclairage selon l'invention.FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of a lighting module 1 according to the invention.

Ce module 1 est identique à celui représenté en figure 1 à la différence que l'angle α entre l'axe optique A2 du deuxième réflecteur 3 et l'axe optique A1 du premier réflecteur 2 est égal à environ 120° de façon à réaliser un module compact tout en évitant que le premier réflecteur 2 n'intercepte une partie du flux réfléchi par le deuxième réflecteur.This module 1 is identical to that shown in FIG. 1 with the difference that the angle α between the optical axis A2 of the second reflector 3 and the optical axis A1 of the first reflector 2 is equal to about 120 ° so as to achieve a compact module while avoiding that the first reflector 2 does not intercept part of the flux reflected by the second reflector.

Les trois réflecteurs 2, 3 et 4 ont été ici réalisés d'une seule pièce 1.The three reflectors 2, 3 and 4 were here made in one piece 1.

La faible épaisseur e de la pièce 1 permet d'injecter par moulage tous les réflecteurs en une seule fois dans un moule sans tiroir avec une pièce mince. Ce module 1 comporte en outre des nervures 11. Notons que la surface réfléchissante du troisième réflecteur 4 comporte deux plans inclinés en V 8A et 8B de sorte que le bord de coupure 9 ait un profil suivant approximativement la ligne focale du deuxième réflecteur 3. Ce profil en V n'est qu'une approximation du lieu focal théorique mais d'autres profils courbes peuvent également être utilisés.The small thickness e of the part 1 makes it possible to inject all the reflectors by molding at once into a mold without a drawer with a thin part. This module 1 further comprises ribs 11. Note that the reflective surface of the third reflector 4 comprises two inclined V-shaped planes 8A and 8B so that the cut-off edge 9 has a profile approximately along the focal line of the second reflector 3. This V-shaped profile is only an approximation of the theoretical focal point but other curved profiles can also be used.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le matériau utilisé peut être un matériau thermoplastique standard du type PPS (Polysulfure de phenylene) ou un matériau thermodurcissable, les parties réfléchissantes étant ensuite métallisées, par exemple par de l'aluminium. Une telle fabrication présente l'avantage d'un faible coût. Ce premier mode de réalisation nécessite cependant la présence d'un radiateur pour évacuer la chaleur de la source lumineuse, notamment lorsqu'il s'agit d'une photodiode.According to a first embodiment, the material used may be a standard thermoplastic material of the PPS (phenylene polysulfide) type or a thermosetting material, the reflective parts being then metallized, for example by aluminum. Such manufacture has the advantage of a low cost. This first embodiment, however, requires the presence of a radiator to evacuate the heat of the light source, especially when it is a photodiode.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, le matériau utilisé peut être un métal injecté du type Aluminium. Une telle solution permet de s'affranchir de l'utilisation d'un radiateur, en utilisant les propriétés du métal pour évacuer la chaleur.According to a second embodiment, the material used may be an aluminum-type injected metal. Such a solution makes it possible to dispense with the use of a radiator, by using the properties of the metal to evacuate the heat.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment just described.

Ainsi, le procédé de fabrication tel que décrit utilise un procédé de moulage mais on peut également utiliser un emboutissage.Thus, the method of manufacture as described uses a molding method but it is also possible to use a stamping.

De même, le module selon l'invention a été décrit comme réalisé en une seule pièce mais on peut également fabriquer les différents réflecteurs séparément.Similarly, the module according to the invention has been described as made in one piece but it is also possible to manufacture the different reflectors separately.

En outre, la source lumineuse décrite était une photodiode mais il peut également s'agir d'un autre type de source tel que l'extrémité libre d'un faisceau de fibre optique. On peut également utiliser une lampe quelconque placée au premier foyer d'un collecteur de lumière de type ellipsoïdal, la sortie de la lumière se situant au niveau du second foyer du collecteur.In addition, the light source described was a photodiode but it can also be another type of source such as the free end of an optical fiber bundle. It is also possible to use any lamp placed at the first focus of an ellipsoidal light collector, the light output being at the second focus of the collector.

Claims (13)

  1. A light emitting module (1) for a motor vehicle headlight, for producing an illuminating beam of the cut-off type, the module comprising:
    - a first reflector (2) having a substantially elliptical surface (6) for reflecting light rays, and
    - at least one light source (5) arranged in the vicinity of the first focus (F1) of the said first reflector (2),
    characterised in that the said module (1) includes:
    - a second reflector (3) for producing the cut-off output beam, having its focus arranged in the vicinity of the second focus (F2) of the said first reflector (2), and
    - a third reflector (4) which is a so-called bender, the top face (8) of which is reflective, the said bender being situated between the said first reflector (2) and the said second reflector (3), and having an edge (9) which is a so-called cut-off edge, arranged in the vicinity of the second focus (F2) of the said first reflector (2), whereby to form the cut-off line in the light beam, and in that the said light source (5) is a light emitting diode.
  2. A module (1) according to Claim 1, characterised in that the said second reflector (3) has a substantially parabolic surface (7) for reflecting light rays.
  3. A module (1) according to Claim 1, characterised in that the said second reflector is a reflector of the type having a complex surface for reflecting light rays.
  4. A module (1) according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the optical axis (A1) of the said first reflector defines an angle (α) with the optical axis (A2) of the said second reflector, whereby the said first reflector (2) does not intercept light rays reflected by the said second reflector (3).
  5. A module (1) according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the said cut-off edge (9) has a profile (10) which is substantially identical with the focal line of the said second reflector in a plane containing the optical axis (A2) of the said second reflector (3), and at right angles to the plane which is defined by the optical axis (A1) of the said first reflector and the optical axis of the said light source (5).
  6. A module (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the said cut-off line (9) is straight.
  7. A module (1) according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the substantially elliptical surface (6) of the said first reflector (2) is defined by an angular sector of a member which is substantially a body of revolution about the optical axis of the said first reflector, and in that the said angular sector extends vertically above the reflective face (8) of the said third reflector (4).
  8. A module (1) according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that it includes a plurality of light sources close to each other, which are generally aligned in a direction which is substantially at right angles to the optical axis (A1) of the said first reflector (2).
  9. A module (1) according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that it includes means for displacing the said third reflector (4) along the optical axis (A2) of the said second reflector (3).
  10. A method of making a module according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the said first, second and third reflectors are formed as a single member.
  11. A method according to Claim 10, characterised in that the said member is made by moulding in a material selected from a thermoplastic material, a thermosetting material or an injected metal.
  12. A method according to Claim 10, characterised in that the said component is press-formed.
  13. An illuminating headlight for producing a regulation passing beam, having a plurality of light emitting modules according to one of Claims 1 to 9, the said modules having structures which are substantially identical to each other and being arranged substantially parallel to each other.
EP03293063A 2002-12-20 2003-12-08 Lighting module for vehicle headlight Expired - Lifetime EP1434002B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0216430A FR2849158B1 (en) 2002-12-20 2002-12-20 LIGHTING MODULE FOR VEHICLE PROJECTOR
FR0216430 2002-12-20

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EP1434002A1 EP1434002A1 (en) 2004-06-30
EP1434002B1 true EP1434002B1 (en) 2006-10-11

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EP (1) EP1434002B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4537047B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE342472T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60308989T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2274189T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2849158B1 (en)

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US20040130907A1 (en) 2004-07-08
DE60308989D1 (en) 2006-11-23
JP2004207235A (en) 2004-07-22
JP4537047B2 (en) 2010-09-01
ATE342472T1 (en) 2006-11-15
FR2849158B1 (en) 2005-12-09
DE60308989T2 (en) 2007-06-14
EP1434002A1 (en) 2004-06-30
US6966675B2 (en) 2005-11-22
FR2849158A1 (en) 2004-06-25

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