EP1432871A1

EP1432871A1 - Concrete-moulded stone and ready-to-assemble construction made of moulded stones

Info

Publication number: EP1432871A1
Application number: EP02800553A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gerhard Hagenah
Original assignee: SF Kooperation GmbH Beton Konzepte
Current assignee: SF Kooperation GmbH Beton Konzepte
Priority date: 2001-10-05
Filing date: 2002-08-24
Publication date: 2004-06-30
Anticipated expiration: 2022-08-24
Also published as: US20080000191A1; EP1432871B1; ES2283646T3; ATE356908T1; IS7194A; WO2003031721A1; ZA200402474B; US20080047220A1; US7575392B2; DE20221163U1; DE10149250A1; CA2461059C; US20050066607A1; DE20220368U1; DK1432871T3; DE50209733D1; IS2861B; CA2461059A1

Abstract

An essentially quadrate paving stone having a corresponding base block (21) is provided on all four side surfaces (25, 26) with flange-like, upright spacers (22) which are spaced apart from each other at intervals corresponding approximately to the width of the spacers, making it possible for them to make an interlocking connection with adjacent shaped paving stones of the same type. Furthermore, the bottom side (24) of the paving stone features a number of transverse, gutter-like depressions resulting in the formation of ribs between these depressions. This creates an additional dentification, or anchoring, in the bed surface of the installed paving stones.

Description

CONCRETE SHAPED STONE AND SHAPED STONE KIT

The invention relates to shaped blocks made of concrete for creating soil coverings, in particular paving stones or paving slabs, with a base body which has at least one essentially flat upper side and one lower side as well as four upright side surfaces and spacers on the side surfaces. Furthermore, the invention relates to a kit for paving slabs formed from such shaped stones.

For reasons of production technology, but also for reasons of easy installation, it is desirable for paving stones to have a simple geometric shape, namely with a square or rectangular top side. On the other hand, the soil covers formed from the paving stones should be secured against horizontal force components as a result of the traffic load.

The invention is therefore based on the object of forming shaped stones or paving stones with a simple geometric shape in such a way that a paving slab made therefrom and laid on a level is secured against horizontal load components.

To achieve this object, the shaped block according to the invention is characterized by the following features:

a) spacers are arranged on all four side surfaces,

b) the spacers are arranged in a regular grid on the side surfaces,

c) the spacers on all side surfaces have the same distances from one another.

The "all-round toothing" ensures that positive locking takes place on all upright side surfaces of each paving stone via a plurality of spacers on correspondingly arranged spacers of adjacent paving stones. An optimal or maximum backup is given if the "All-round gearing" in connection with an underside anchoring of the paving stones in the subsurface or in the subgrade. For this purpose, according to the invention, depressions are additionally formed on the underside of the paving stone, in particular transverse grooves with a trapezoidal cross section. This results in corresponding projections on the underside of the paving stone, namely likewise trapezoidal ribs, between the grooves, which are preferably arranged at equal intervals from one another. These enter the subsurface (planum) and anchor the paving stones. Together with the toothing according to the invention, this results in optimal fixation of the pavement on the side surfaces.

The design and size of the paving stones allows, despite the all-round interlocking, the formation of laying units of very different structures, with neighboring paving stones of the same or different sizes being laid offset from one another.

Further, advantageous details of the molded block according to the invention and the kit according to the invention are set out in the subclaims and the description in addition.

Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

1 is a shaped block made of concrete in a spatial representation,

2 the shaped block according to FIG. 1 in a bottom view,

3 shows another shaped block made of concrete in a spatial representation,

4 the shaped block according to FIG. 2 in a bottom view,

5 is a plan view of a soil cover made of shaped stones according to FIG. 3,

Fig. 6 is a partial vertical section through a shaped block acc. 1 and 3, 7 is a vertical plan view of an earth cover made of shaped stones according to FIGS. 3 and 4 in the area of a joint on an enlarged scale,

8 the joint area acc. 7 in a side view,

Fig. 9 is a plan view of a further soil cover made of shaped stones according to

Fig. 3,

10 is a plan view of an earth cover made of shaped stones according to FIG. 3 in an angular association,

1 1 is a plan view of a soil cover made of shaped stones with different floor plan dimensions,

12 is a plan view of a soil cover made of shaped stones with different floor plan dimensions in the Roman network in a schematic representation,

13 is a plan view of a further soil cover made of shaped stones with different floor plan dimensions in a schematic representation,

14 is a plan view of a soil cover made of obliquely laid shaped stones,

Fig. 15 is a partial representation of the soil cover acc. Fig. 14 on an enlarged scale, and

Fig. 16 is a plan view of a soil cover with lawn joints.

1 and 2, namely a paving stone 20, essentially consists of a base body 21 and spacers 22 arranged laterally on the base body 21. The base body 21 has an upper side 23 which is directed essentially horizontally and an underside parallel thereto 24, as well as upright Longitudinal side walls 25 and transverse side walls 26. The base body 21 is rectangular in plan and is provided with a chamfer 27 all around in the area of the upper side 23. 3 and 4 show a further paving stone 20 which is designed as described above, but has a basic body 21 which is rectangular in plan and in which the side walls 28 have the same length.

The paving stones 20 shown can be laid together with other paving stones 20 to form a soil cover 29. 20 joints, namely longitudinal joints 30 and transverse joints 31, are formed with a constant joint width 32 between the paving stones. For laying the paving stones 20 with an approximately constant joint width 32, the base bodies 21 of the paving stones 20 have the spacers 22 in the region of the upright side walls - namely longitudinal side walls 25, transverse side walls 26 or side walls 28. The paving stone 20 has circumferential spacers 22 on all four upright side walls 28 or longitudinal side walls 25 and transverse side walls 26. On each of the opposite side walls 28 or longitudinal side walls 25 and transverse side walls 26, the paving stone has an identical number of spacers 22 with an identical size and shape. 1 and 2 each have six spacers 22 on the longitudinal side walls 25, whereas four spacers 22 are arranged on the transverse side walls 26. The paving stone 20 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 has four spacers 22 on all four upright side walls 28. In all paving stones 20, the spacers 22 have the same shape and the same dimensions. All spacers 22 are elongated, web-like structures that extend continuously from the bottom 24 to just before the top 23 along the side walls. The spacers 22 are approximately trapezoidal in plan and have essentially the entire height over a constant width 33 and depth 34. In the transition from the spacers 22 to the side walls, the spacers 22 are bevelled on the upper side or provided with a chamfer 35. A visible side 36 of the spacers 22 runs approximately parallel to the respective side wall. The depth 34 of the spacers 22 corresponds approximately to the joint width 32 between adjacent paving stones 20. In this case, the visible sides 36 of the spacers 22 of a paving stone 20 lie against the side walls of an adjacent paving stone 20. After laying the paving stones 20, the joints are filled with joint filling material. Preferably, the Joint width 32 slightly larger than the depth 34 of the spacers 22. In this case, the spacers 22 do not lie with their visible side 36 on the side walls of adjacent paving stones, so that joint filling material is also between these two surfaces (FIG. 7).

The spacers 22 also serve to produce a horizontal bond between adjacent paving stones 20 within a soil cover 29. For this purpose, the paving stones 20 are laid to form a soil cover 29 such that a spacer 22 of a paving stone 20 is located between two spacers 22 of an adjacent paving stone lying next to one another 20 occurs. The width 33 of a spacer 22 corresponds approximately to the distance between two spacers 22 lying next to one another. However, the distance between the spacers 22 lying next to one another is preferably slightly larger, so that some joint filling material is arranged in the joint width between the contact surfaces of the spacers 22. As in the area of the joint, the joint filling material between the contact surfaces in this case also compensates for any inaccuracies in production that may be present. In the paving stones 20 shown, the depth 34 of the spacers 22 is approximately 3 mm and the joint width 32 is approximately 4 mm, so that the distance 37 between the visible side 36 of the spacers 22 and a facing side wall 25, 26, 28 of an adjacent paving stone 20 is approximately 1 Is millimeters. The horizontal distance 38 between the base bodies 21 of adjacent paving stones 20 above the chamfer 27 is approximately 10 mm (FIGS. 7 and 8).

A special feature with regard to the arrangement of the spacers 22 is that they are arranged in a uniform grid 39 (FIG. 5). The dimension between two grid lines 40 of the grid 39 corresponds approximately to the width 33 of a spacer 22. The parallel grid lines 40 are arranged at the same distance from one another both in the transverse and in the longitudinal direction of the paving stone 20. The total width of the grid 39 is determined by the distance from the center of a joint on one side wall 28 to the center of the joint of the opposite side wall 28 of a paving stone 20. In the case of paving stones 20 with a square base body 21, the total width of the grid 39 in the longitudinal direction of the paving stone 20 corresponds to the total width of the grid 39 in the transverse direction of the paving stone 20. The spacers 22 are arranged on each side wall 28 between the grid lines 40, namely in such a way that, in the case of a square base body 21, all side walls 28 of the paving stone 20 are configured in a side view in terms of position, number and arrangement of the spacers 22. A further special feature is that the spacers 22 on the opposite side walls 28 are each offset in relation to one another, namely in each case on a gap, a spacer 22 of a side wall 28 being arranged directly adjacent to the adjacent side wall 28. In this way, as shown in FIG. 5, it is possible to lay the paving stones 20 next to one another in continuous rows 41 in a half-stone composite, wherein not only the paving stones 20 have a horizontal composite with one another within a row 41, but also adjacent rows 41 with one another. The spacers 22 of a paving stone 20 on all four side walls 28 are toothed all the way with spacers 22 from adjacent paving stones 20, so that a continuous protection against displacement in the horizontal plane is ensured over the entire surface of the ground cover 29. Fig. 9 shows a second embodiment in which a soil cover 29 consists of paving stones 20 with a square plan. The rows of paving stones 41 are not arranged offset to one another, but in horizontal and vertical continuous rows. Fig. 10 shows an embodiment of a soil cover 29 made of paving stones 20 with a rectangular plan, which are arranged in a so-called angle association. In the case of paving stones 20 with a rectangular plan, the two opposite longitudinal side walls 25 and transverse side walls 26 are arranged in a side view in accordance with the number and arrangement of the spacers 22. In both cases, the spacers 22 are arranged in the same grid 39 and in the same arrangement as in the exemplary embodiment described above. It can be seen from FIGS. 9 and 10 that the continuous protection against displacement is also ensured in these cases.

Another peculiarity results from the representations acc. 11 to 16. Accordingly, paving stones 20 with different floor plan dimensions are laid to form uniform soil covers. All paving stones 20 are designed according to the pattern described above, namely with regard to the arrangement and design of the spacers and with external dimensions that are an integer Multiples of a grid dimension, that is, the distance between two grid lines 40 according to FIG. Fig. 5 correspond. In this way, it is possible to combine paving stones 20 of different sizes with one another, the spacers 22 on all four side walls 28 always being interlocked with one another to form the securing against displacement. In addition, it is also not necessary to "cut" individual paving stones 20 in order to combine them with one another. In this way, a kit made of paving stones 20 is made available, the individual paving stones 20 of which are partially different from one another with regard to the floor plan dimensions of the base body 21, but otherwise fit into the grid, in particular with regard to the size and arrangement of the spacers 22.

The starting point of the uniform grid 39 is the distance from a first grid line 40 to the next but one parallel grid line 40. This distance is referred to below as the grid unit 42. A raster unit 42 corresponds approximately to the width 33 of a spacer 22 plus the distance between two adjacent spacers 22 (FIG. 5). All paving stones 20 of a kit for a coherent soil cover have a matching grid unit 42. For example, 37.5 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm or 50 mm can be used as a measure for the grid unit 42. The stone dimensions then each correspond to an integer multiple of the grid unit 42, for example, for a grid unit 42 of 50 mm stone dimensions of 100 x 100 mm, 100 x 200 mm, 200 x 200 mm etc. The number of spacers 22 per side wall 28 or longitudinal side wall 25 and transverse side wall 26 results from the dimension of the grid unit 42 and the length of the corresponding side wall 28 or longitudinal side wall 25 and transverse side wall 26.

Fig. 11 shows a soil cover 43, which is formed from a kit of paving stones 44, 45, 46 with different floor plan dimensions. The kit consists of three different types of stone, namely a rectangular paving stone 44 with a floor plan of 225 x 300 mm, a square paving stone 45 with a floor plan of 300 x 300 mm and a square paving stone 46 with a floor plan of 225 x 224 mm. These three types of stone are each like the paving stone 20 acc. 5, namely provided on all side walls with spacers 22, which are arranged in the grid 39 as described above. are not. All spacers 22 of a paving stone 44, 45, 46 are toothed all around on all four side walls with spacers 22 of adjacent paving stones 44, 45, 46, in order to form the horizontal movement lock. The paving stones 44, 45, 46 can also be arranged rotated relative to one another without the interlocking of the spacers 22 of adjacent paving stones 44, 45, 46 being interrupted with one another.

12 shows a further soil cover 43 which, like the exemplary embodiment described above, is formed from a kit of paving stones 20 with different floor plan dimensions. In this case, the kit consists of seven different stone types, between which, for reasons of clarity, no further distinction is made below. The individual stone types have the following dimensions: 75 x 75 mm, 150 x 150 mm, 150 x 225 mm, 150 x 300 mm, 225 x 225 mm, 225 x 300 mm and 300 x 300mm. The stone types are laid in the so-called "Roman bond" and are continuously interlocked with one another via the spacers 22.

13 shows a soil cover 47 which is formed from paving stones 48, 49 with a square base body 21. Two different types of stone are used, namely a larger paving stone 48 with a stone size of 300 x 300 mm and a smaller paving stone 49 with a stone size of 150 x 150 mm. The paving stone thus has side walls 28, the length of which is half the size of the corresponding dimension of the larger paving stone 48. Correspondingly, four smaller paving stones 49 laid in a square have the same external dimensions as a large paving stone 48. In the exemplary embodiment, the paving stones 48, 49 are arranged in a geometric pattern, namely in rows 41. In some rows 41 there are only paving stones 48 or 49 laid, other rows consist of both smaller and larger paving stones 48, 49. Again, all paving stones 48, 49 are interlocked with one another via the spacers 22 of all side walls 28.

14 shows an earth cover 47 made of paving stones with a rectangular base body 21, which are laid in oblique, continuous rows 41. The rows 41 are each offset from one another by a small amount. For gradual Some boundary 47 edge stones 49 are arranged on the edge 50 of the soil cover (Fig. 15). A side wall 51 of the curb 49 facing the edge 50 of the soil cover 47 is free of spacers, whereas the other side walls 52, which are directed towards adjacent paving stones 20 or curbs 49, have spacers 22. These spacers are in turn arranged in the grid 39, so that the curbs 49 are laid in conjunction with the adjacent paving stones 20 and curbs 49. In each case one curb 49 is interlocked with paving stones 20 of two adjacent (stone) rows 41, as well as two adjacent curbs 49. Corresponding curbs 49 can be arranged on a further edge 53 which runs perpendicular to the edge 50. Alternatively, as shown in the exemplary embodiment, the paving stones 20, 49 can also be severed along a cutting edge 54.

16 shows a further example of a ground covering made of paving stones 20 which are laid with a lawn joint. As in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the soil cover consists of two types of stone, namely paving stones 48 and 49, which are laid in continuous rows 41. The special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that some joints have a larger joint width 32 than other joints. In the present case, the transverse joints 31 have a joint width 32 of 37.5 mm. The longitudinal joints 30 are designed in the same way as in the previously described exemplary embodiments with a joint width 32 of approximately 10 mm. The transverse joints 31 form lawn joints in this way, through which larger amounts of precipitation can seep into the ground. The lawn joints can also be landscaped. When the paving stones 48, 49 are laid, adjacent paving stones 38, 49 of the same (stone) row 41 are laid at a distance from one another, the distance in the exemplary embodiment shown corresponding exactly to the dimension of a grid unit 42. In this way, the rows 41 are interlocked with one another via the spacers 22 of the paving stones 48, 49 of adjacent rows 41.

A further special feature, which all the paving stones 20, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49 and possibly also the edge stone 49 have, consists in the formation of a locking device in the area of the underside 24. The paving stones 20, 44, 45, 46, For this purpose, 48, 49 have a plurality of depressions 56 on the underside 24, The depressions 56 are each arranged parallel to one another at regular intervals. In the case of paving stones with a rectangular base body 21, the depressions 56 run continuously from one longitudinal side wall 25 to the opposite longitudinal side wall 25. In the case of paving stones with a square base body 21, correspondingly between two opposite side walls 28 Underside 24 cut into the paving stones 20, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, so that corresponding projections are formed on the underside 24 of the paving stones 20, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49 between the grooves arranged at equal intervals from one another. Grooves and projections extend over the entire underside 24 of the paving stones 20, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49. The depth 57 of the depressions 56 is approximately 8 mm with a stone height of approximately 88 mm. A horizontal displacement of the paving stones 20, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49 relative to the paving bed 58 is made more difficult by the recesses 56, since in this way the coefficient of friction in the shear joint 59 between the underside 24 of the paving stones 20, 44, 45, 46 , 48, 49 and the plaster bed 58 is increased. The recesses 56 are each arranged slightly laterally offset from the spacers 22 in the view, so that they are each slightly cut by the recesses 56. On the underside 24 of the paving stones 20 ... a recess 56 is provided less than spacers 22 are provided on the longitudinal side walls 25 or side walls 28.

Due to the spacers 22 on the upright side walls 25, 26, 28 and the depressions 56 in the area of the underside 24 of the paving stones 20, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, these have a locking device on five side surfaces. The spacers 22, the paving stones 20, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49 are interlocked with each other all around and via the recesses 56 with the paving bed 58. The arrangement of the spacers 22 in an identical grid 39 makes paving stones 20, 44, 45 , 46, 48, 49 with different floor plan dimensions can be laid together to form a soil cover without the toothing being interrupted. In this case too, the paving stones 20, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49 are interlocked with one another in a quasi "seamless" manner. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

20 paving stone 49 paving stone

21 basic body 50 edge

22 spacers 51 side wall

23 top 52 side wall

24 bottom 53 edge

25 long side wall 54 cut edge

26 Transverse sidewall 55 Soil cover

27 chamfer 56 deepening

28 side wall 57 depth

29 Soil cover 58 plaster bed

30 longitudinal joint 59 shear joint

31 transverse joint

32 joint width

33 width

34 depth

35 chamfer

36 visible side

37 distance

38 distance

39 grid

40 grid line

41 row

42 grid unit

43 Soil cover

44 paving stone

45 paving stone

46 paving stone

47 Soil coverage

48 paving stone

Claims

claims

1. Concrete block for creating soil covers (29, 43, 47, 48, 55) also for in particular paving stone (20, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49) or paving slab, with a base body (21), the at least has an essentially flat upper side (23) and an underside (24) and four upright side surfaces (25, 26, 28), spacers (22) being arranged on side surfaces (25, 26, 28), characterized by the following features:

a) spacers (22) are arranged on all four side surfaces (25, 26, 28), b) the spacers (22) are arranged in a regular grid (39) on the side surfaces (25, 26, 28), c ) the spacers (22) on all side surfaces (25, 26, 28) have the same distances from each other.

2. Shaped stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacing of the spacers (22) from each other corresponds approximately to the width of a spacer (22), such that spaced stones (22) of a shaped stone are approximately fitting, form-fitting in the area between two when laid shaped stones Adjacent spacers (22) of the adjacent molded block occur in such a way that a circumferential toothing between adjacent molded blocks can be produced on all side surfaces (25, 26, 28).

3. Shaped stone according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in each case a spacer (22) of a side surface directly attached to an upright corner or edge of the base body (21) and a spacer arranged on the opposite edge of the relevant side surface one the distance between adjacent - The spacers (22) have a corresponding distance from the relevant upright edge of the base body (21).

4. Shaped stone according to claim 1 or one of the further claims, characterized in that on the underside (24) of the shaped stone or the base body (21) a plurality of recesses (56) for interlocking the shaped stone with the substrate are formed, preferably with continuous grooves uniform cross section extending from one side surface (25, 26, 28) to the opposite side surface (25, 26, 28).

5. Shaped stone according to claim 4, characterized in that projections are formed on the underside (24) of the shaped stone between the grooves arranged at equal intervals, the grooves and projections extending over the entire underside (24) of the shaped stone.

6. Shaped stone according to claim 5 or one of the further claims, characterized in that the groove-shaped depressions (56) are arranged parallel to one another and preferably have a trapezoidal cross section.

7. Shaped stone according to claim 4 or one of the further claims, characterized in that the depressions (56) are arranged at a distance from one another which corresponds approximately to a grid unit (42), preferably at equal distances from a parallel side face, in particular the transverse side faces (26).

8. Shaped stone according to claim 1 or one of the further claims, characterized in that an identical number of spacers (22) are arranged on respectively opposite side surfaces (25, 26, 28).

9. Shaped stone according to claim 1 or one of the further claims, characterized in that the spacers (22) opposite side surfaces (25, 26, 28) are arranged offset to one another, namely each with a gap.

10. Shaped stone according to claim 1 or one of the further claims, characterized in that all spacers have identical dimensions and identical shape.

11. kit of shaped blocks made of concrete for creating soil covers (29, 43, 47, 48, 55), in particular of paving stones (20, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49) or paving slabs according to one of claims 1 to 10, with a base body (21), wherein the shaped blocks have at least one essentially flat upper side (23) and lower side (24) and four approximately upright side walls (25, 26, 28) and spacers (22) are arranged in the region of the side walls (25, 26, 28) of the shaped blocks , characterized in that the dimensions of all the shaped stones of the kit correspond to a regular grid (39) with uniform grid units (42), such that the shaped stones can be bent to form a common ground cover (29, 43, 47, 48, 55) a horizontal bond between adjacent shaped stones within the soil cover (29, 43, 47, 48, 55) spacers (22) of a shaped stone between two spacers (22) of an adjacent shaped stone.

12. Kit according to claim 11, characterized in that the shaped stones are toothed all around on all side walls (25, 26, 28) via the spacers (22) with adjacent shaped stones.

13. Kit according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that at least some shaped blocks have different floor plan dimensions, the floor plan dimensions each corresponding to a multiple of a grid unit (42), such that the shaped blocks form a common ground cover (29, 43, 47, 48, 55) can be laid, with spacers (22) of a shaped block between two spacers (22) of an adjacent shaped block.

14. Kit according to claim 11 or one of the further claims, characterized in that the grid (39) to the dimension from the center of a joint (30, 31) on a side wall (25, 26, 28) of a molded block to the center of a Joint (30, 31) is covered on an opposite side wall (25, 26, 28) of the shaped block, the shaped block being part of an earth cover with an approximately constant joint width (32) between adjacent shaped stones.