EP1414629B1 - Panneau realise dans un materiau derive du bois et de production ecologique - Google Patents

Panneau realise dans un materiau derive du bois et de production ecologique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1414629B1
EP1414629B1 EP02794508A EP02794508A EP1414629B1 EP 1414629 B1 EP1414629 B1 EP 1414629B1 EP 02794508 A EP02794508 A EP 02794508A EP 02794508 A EP02794508 A EP 02794508A EP 1414629 B1 EP1414629 B1 EP 1414629B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glue
fibers
wood
sawdust
wood chips
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02794508A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1414629A1 (fr
EP1414629B8 (fr
Inventor
Josef KRONOSPAN TECHNICAL COMPANY LTD. STUTZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lignum Technologies AG
Original Assignee
Kronoplus Technical AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE20112599U external-priority patent/DE20112599U1/de
Priority claimed from DE20210718U external-priority patent/DE20210718U1/de
Application filed by Kronoplus Technical AG filed Critical Kronoplus Technical AG
Priority to EP02794508A priority Critical patent/EP1414629B8/fr
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2002/008003 external-priority patent/WO2003013809A1/fr
Publication of EP1414629A1 publication Critical patent/EP1414629A1/fr
Publication of EP1414629B1 publication Critical patent/EP1414629B1/fr
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Publication of EP1414629B8 publication Critical patent/EP1414629B8/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a manufacturing method together with an associated device for a made of pieces of wood such as fibers or chip component.
  • the invention relates in particular to plates made of wood fibers.
  • a typical, well-known production process for the manufacture of a board made of wood fibers is known from the Journal HK 1/88, pages 74 to 75 , "Production of MDF boards", known.
  • Cooked chips are fed to a so-called refiner.
  • the wood chips are processed into fibers, with the application of temperature and pressure with the help of painting discs.
  • the fibers are transported out with the help of steam and forwarded by means of a line called "blue-line”.
  • the vapor pressure is about 10 bar.
  • the temperature is about 150 to 160 ° C.
  • the glue used is phenolic resins, urea resins or mixed resins of urea and melamine. Following the addition of the glue, the "Blue-Line” expands. A turbulence is caused by the expansion.
  • the glue mixes with the fibers.
  • the proportion of glue in relation to the fibers is about 22% by weight.
  • the "Blue Line" opens in the middle of a drying tube.
  • the drying tube has a diameter of, for example, 2.60 m. Air is blown through the drying tube at a temperature of 160 ° C, maximum 220-240 ° C. In the drying tube, the moisture is reduced from 100% to 8 to 11%. The resulting steam is separated in subsequent cyclones from the fibers and fed through chimneys to the environment.
  • the steam is contaminated with foreign substances.
  • odors are released in this way to the atmosphere.
  • the environment is charged accordingly.
  • the fibers provided with glue are fed in layers to a molding machine.
  • the fibers are pressed here in two phases. First, a pre-pressing takes place.
  • the pre-pressed fibers are then pressed to the plate using high pressure and heat.
  • the experts have found that the plates split when the temperature falls below 150 ° C during compression to the plate and is for example 140 ° C. The temperatures are therefore typically 180 ° C during compression.
  • a gluing device for the production of fiberboard is from the document EP 0 744 259 A2 known.
  • a method for producing boards from a wood material is the document US 5,554,330 refer to.
  • the publication GB 791,554 discloses a method for mixing solid and liquid components.
  • a device for continuous gluing of wood chips is from the document DE 41 15 047 C1 out.
  • Continuous mixing of chip and fibrous materials with binders is the document DE-OS 1956 898 refer to.
  • the extraction of glue from wood components are the documents PCT / IB98 / 00607 and WO 98/37147 refer to.
  • Pre-evaporation methods disclose the publications DE-OS 44 41 017 . US 11 17 95 and Danish patent application no. 0302/97 ,
  • the US 4,882,112 describes a method of making flexible sheets or other comparable articles from vegetable raw materials such as sawdust or rice bran or soybean meal.
  • glue is applied to the vegetable fibers and this mixture is pressed in a further step to form a component.
  • the final compression should be carried out at pressures between 100 and 200 kg / cm 2 and at temperatures between 70 and 200 C °.
  • the liquid ingredients include in particular lignin and hemicellulose. These substances cause at the temperatures prevailing during drying emissions that cause an odor and thus environmental pollution. By separating these liquid components before drying, corresponding emissions during and / or after drying are reduced accordingly. The environmental impact on production is correspondingly lower.
  • the liquid components are preferably disposed of at temperatures and / or processed further, in which only small emissions occur. If the temperatures of the liquid constituents are high and in particular above 90 ° C., the liquid constituents are kept in a gastight system with respect to the environment until the temperatures have dropped sufficiently.
  • the liquid constituents in particular lignin and hemicellulose, are used as glue, that is to say mixed according to the invention with the dried solid constituents.
  • the solid components are preferably added Fibers or chips processed further.
  • the liquid components may be separated from the solid components in a so-called agitator.
  • the aforementioned ingredients which are obtained are typically: 20 to 35% by weight of hemicellulose, 45 to 50% by weight of cellulose and 20 to 35% by weight of lignin.
  • the cellulose is an integral part of the wood.
  • Wood chips are first added in an embodiment in a plug screw. From the plug screw from the wood chips arrive in the compressed state in a cooking container and are cooked here at high pressure.
  • the cooking container is designed for high pressures.
  • the pressure in the cooking vessel is in particular at least 1.2 to 2.2 MPa (12 to 22 bar).
  • wood chips are usually cooked at pressures of only 0.8 to 0.9 MPa.
  • the thermal steam treatment separates the solid wood components (cellulose) from lignin and hemicellulose, which are liquid components.
  • the cellulose is in solid form.
  • the two other components lignin and hemicellulose are liquid and can basically be used as a glue.
  • the bond strength is predominantly effected by the hemicellulose.
  • the liquid constituents After the separation of the liquid constituents, they cool significantly and are led out of the gas-tight system only at relatively low temperatures and, for example, further processed, that is sprayed onto the fibers in particular via nozzles.
  • the liquid components are thus significantly cooled and in particular by at least 30 ° C, preferably by at least 50 ° C, before they leave the gas and thus odor-tight encapsulated system. In this relatively cool state, the odor development is significantly lower. It is then not critical to remove the liquid components from the gas-tight system.
  • the liquid ingredients can be used as a glue.
  • This is environmentally friendly in that the liquid components of a wood only at low temperatures, especially at temperatures well below 100 ° C, especially below 70 ° C, more preferably below 50 ° C leave a gas and thus odor-tight encapsulated system and applied to the fibers in this cool state, for example. In this way, it is possible to reduce environmental pollution in a particularly economical way.
  • the .gas Notice system consists for example of the container and connected lines.
  • Another container which serves, for example, for cooling, may be part of the gas-tight system.
  • the glue is undesirably exposed to a temperature treatment in an application according to the prior art, the glue. From about 80 ° glue is namely charged or activated disadvantageously. Activated glue is no longer applicable for the subsequent processing step, in which the glued solid wood components are pressed to the plate.
  • the active part of the glue is reduced.
  • 22% by weight only 1 to 8% by weight are ready for use when the fiber-glue mixture leaves the drying tube.
  • This glue can be applied in a relatively cool state to solid wood components. A premature, unnecessarily extensive activation of glue is thus avoided.
  • the liquid fractions hemicellulose and lignin obtained in the manner described above are mixed in another embodiment of the invention in the cooled or cool state with another glue.
  • the other glue was therefore not extracted from liquid components of the wood.
  • the proportion of hemicellulose and lignin in the glue mixture thus provided is preferably not more than 20% by weight.
  • the mixture contains in particular reactive resins as a glue preferably on a formaldehyde-urea basis.
  • the used in the prior art glues or resins are used in the prior art glues or resins.
  • the glue also contributes to emissions in the prior art. By no longer being exposed to the hot drying temperatures, but rather to the solid constituents at relatively cool temperatures, emissions resulting from the glue are also avoided. So it will dry in the dryer or drying tube only water, but no chemicals. This results in corresponding environmental benefits, since the dry air is not adversely affected with vapors that come from the glue according to the prior art becomes. Accordingly, environmentally friendly manages the production of the components.
  • this embodiment has the advantage that portions of the glue are not disadvantageously activated during the drying process and thus are no longer available for the actual bonding of the wood components to the plate.
  • the solid constituents which are present in particular in the form of fibers or chips and which are dried, are advantageously not contaminated with liquid constituents of the wood-based material and, in the aforementioned embodiment, also with glue.
  • the corresponding liquid phases are therefore not dried in the dryer. Compared to the prior art, considerable amounts of energy are saved. The saving of energy not only results in considerable cost advantages, but also conserves natural resources and thus the environment.
  • the amount of glue needed for board production is reduced. It succeeds in reducing to 45 to 55 kg per m 3 plate. A typical value is 50 to 52 kg per m 3 plate.
  • an essential quantity to effect the proper gluing of fibers or chips is the "correct" ratio of solid components to glue.
  • the solid components are fed to a belt scale before gluing. On the belt scale, the solid components are transported on one side by means of a circulating conveyor belt, on the other side they are weighed. This will give the information as to what amount of glue is to be added to the solid components of the wood in the subsequent step.
  • the solid components are transferred to the subsequent device by means of the belt scale. Possible weight fluctuations of the supplied solid components are detected during transport, registered and stored in one embodiment. These data are processed and can serve as a manipulated variable for the amount of glue that is subsequently applied to the solid constituents.
  • the transport speed at the belt scale is controlled so that a uniform amount of solid components of the subsequent gluing device (device in which the solid wood components are provided with glue) is supplied.
  • a change in speed of the feeder so a constant amount of material is supplied to the following facilities.
  • the weight detection of the solid constituents which may be in the form of fibers or chips, can be carried out in the smallest increments and allows a uniform feed of the solid constituents with an accuracy of, for example ⁇ 1%.
  • the gluing is therefore carried out in a mixer in which glue and solid constituents are mixed together.
  • the mixer has, in one embodiment of the invention, means for cooling its housing.
  • an at least partially double-walled housing for example a double-walled tube, which is part of the housing of the mixer, is provided.
  • a cooled liquid such as chilled water, is passed through the double-walled housing to cool the mixer or its walls.
  • the Cooling is to be created inside a condensation layer on the walls. Accordingly, the cooling is interpreted.
  • the condensed water layer does not cause glue containing solids to adhere to the walls and clog the mixer.
  • the solid constituents After the solid constituents have been dried, they are distributed over a surface area in one embodiment of the invention and a kind of curtain or mat is formed. This is especially the case when the solid constituents are in the form of fibers, since a mat or a curtain can easily be formed therefrom.
  • Glue is then added, in particular sprayed into the curtain. Preferably, an air-glue mixture is sprayed in, so as to ensure the most uniform distribution of the glue.
  • the formation of a curtain ensures that the glue is evenly distributed over the solid components. This is especially the case when the solid constituents are in the form of fibers.
  • a formed of solid components curtain or mat formed is introduced in one embodiment in the mixer.
  • the curtain or mat is then blown through nozzles with an air-glue mixture.
  • the glue is thus fed to the curtain or the mat via the nozzles.
  • the curtain or the mat is preferably passed through the mixer without contact. Due to the contactless implementation, adhesion of the solid components to walls is advantageously avoided. Pollution problems and associated costs are reduced.
  • the glue is blown together with air, in particular at a temperature of 40 to 70 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 55 to 60 ° C in the dried solid components of the wood. This ensures that the glue reaches a dry outer skin. He will So minimal activated. This ensures that the subsequent mixture of solid wood constituents and glue does not stick to transport devices and devices, for example inside the mixer.
  • the glue is prepared in one embodiment of the invention so that it hardens after a predetermined time.
  • the glue can be suitably adjusted by temperature treatment.
  • a hardener may be added or added after e.g. Cured for 60 seconds.
  • the preparation of the glue is carried out in particular in the mixer or a hardener together with the glue immediately before the mixer added to the dried solid ingredients.
  • the glue is vortexed with heated air and this air-glue mixture added to the dried solid components, so for example fibers or chips.
  • the hot air for example, via a cabin along with the glue and the dried solid ingredients is introduced into the mixer, the surfaces of the glue droplets produced thereby activates slightly.
  • adhesion of solid constituents to downstream devices, for example to mixer walls is suitably counteracted. Otherwise, for example, the mixer would have to be cleaned in no time. The production would then be stopped disadvantageously. Unwanted cleaning costs are also incurred accordingly.
  • the free surface of the glue is further activated by means suitable therefor so as to facilitate subsequent processing steps.
  • the glue-containing solid constituents are therefore preferably in a riser, which is in particular 10 to 30 m, preferably about 20 m long.
  • the diameter of the riser is in particular at 1 to 4 meters.
  • the riser is preferably also cooled and in turn is then, for example, double-walled to pass a cooling fluid between the two walls of a double wall.
  • the objective is in turn the formation of a layer of condensation on the inner walls of the riser, so that the glued solid components do not adhere to the walls.
  • the glued solid components can be particularly easily passed contactless through an air or gas stream.
  • the solid components especially if present in the form of fibers, should be passed through the riser at a rate of at least 25 meters per second, preferably at least 35 meters per second. If the speed is lower, fibers or chips remain adhered to the riser despite the aforementioned measures. This would dirty the riser unnecessarily fast. As lower speeds have been provided, the riser had to be cleaned already after 8 hours. By setting a suitable speed, the cycles could be extended to 7 to 8 days. So it just had to be cleaned every week the riser.
  • the maximum rate at which the glued solid ingredients are blown through the riser depends on the performance of the subsequent components or devices. It should be noted here that the subsequent components or devices must be able to process the incoming quantity of solid constituents. In practice, an upper limit of 40 meters per second could currently be realized without any problems. From 50 meters per second, the following components were overloaded. It goes without saying that the upper speed limit can be increased as soon as more powerful downstream components are available. Basically, higher transport speeds in the riser are advantageous, since then pollution problems and associated production stoppages are reduced accordingly.
  • the glue on the surface is further activated somewhat in order to be able to carry out subsequent processing steps in a suitable manner.
  • the length of the riser is therefore adapted by the skilled person to the desired degree of glue activation. The expert will take into account the transport speed in the riser in the interpretation.
  • the solid constituents which are associated with glue, enter a cyclone.
  • the glue has now been activated sufficiently on the surface due to the aforementioned measures, so that it no longer adheres in the cyclone.
  • the solid components are separated and fed to the next processing step with a transport means such as a belt.
  • the solid components are separated from the air in the cyclone.
  • the transport means directs the solid components in one embodiment in a viewing device. In the vision unit, the solid components are examined for coarse constituents. The coarse ingredients are sorted out automatically. Coarse ingredients are, for example, glue lumps.
  • the solid components are transported by a belt to the press and pressed here to the plate.
  • the press is preferably made of pressed against each other, rotating press belts, which are suitably tempered. So can be pressed continuously.
  • the temperature must be adjusted by the skilled person to the particular glue used. The amount of energy and the resulting temperatures for the two press belts are therefore chosen differently in one embodiment, so as to avoid a distortion in the produced plate.
  • the nozzles via which the glue is added to the solid components in one embodiment of the invention are preferably configured conical.
  • the glue then emerges droplet-like, so that in this way a uniform distribution of the glue advantageously promoted, that is improved.
  • the glue is therefore preferably directed directly in the direction of the solid components, in particular injected, so as to achieve a uniform distribution as possible. Moreover, it is then in particular to ensure a sufficient distance between nozzles and subsequent tools in a mixer.
  • the distance between tools in the mixer and the nozzles should be at least 1 meter, preferably at least 2 meters, when the glue is injected horizontally.
  • the solid components are then introduced perpendicular to the beginning of the mixer and transported horizontally in this.
  • the specified distance values refer only to a specific individual case. They are not universal, because it depends on the speed at which the glue escapes from the nozzles.
  • an air stream is advantageously at the same time ready, with which the solid constituents are first blown as contactlessly as possible by subsequent devices such as a mixer or a standpipe and thus transported.
  • another gas can be used instead of air.
  • the solid components come in the form of a curtain in front of the nozzles.
  • glue injected into the mixer and dirty tools here. Otherwise, the solid components would adhere to the tools and the mixer would clog in no time and would need to be cleaned at short intervals.
  • the tools in the mixer are fastened in one embodiment to a centrally mounted axis and consist of star-shaped protruding rods, which go similar to a rudder blade in a flat area.
  • a star is formed from, for example, four tools. Each two tools thus include an angle of 90 °.
  • the rudder blades are tilted. As a result, a turbulence of the air is achieved and thus a good mixing of the solid ingredients with the glue.
  • Several "stars" formed by tools are fixed at regular intervals on the axis.
  • the solid components are then transported parallel to the axis by the mixer. In general, therefore, the tools are in particular so that in addition to the solid components air is swirled. Propeller-like or propeller-like tools are therefore to be preferred.
  • a curtain is preferably produced as follows.
  • a means of transport such as a conveyor belt or a belt weigher is at the end with at least one, preferably with several Rollers provided. Through the roller (s), the solid components are passed. The rollers are pressed against each other in particular. Remains a gap between two rollers or a roller and an adjacent surface, this is basically harmless. This ensures that a kind of curtain or mat is formed from the solid components by the rollers. So it is the curtain shape generated by the rollers.
  • a conveyor belt it is preferably used a conveyor belt, as this ensures a uniform supply of fibers to the rollers.
  • the speed of delivery to the rollers is controlled to provide the rollers with a particularly consistent amount of fiber.
  • screws are used regularly to transport solid components in the production of plates. Solid components, however, leave snails relatively unevenly. A correspondingly uneven curtain formed from the solid components would result.
  • a uniformly thick and wide curtain is an advantage to achieve a uniform glue distribution. In addition, it is achieved so that the curtain reliably separates injected glue from subsequent tools.
  • the opening through which the solids-based curtain is inserted into or in front of the mixer in one embodiment preferably corresponds to the maximum width of the mixer housing, for example the diameter of said tube which at the same time forms the walls of the mixer. This ensures that the entire width in the mixer is covered by the curtain. Otherwise, glue could splash past the remaining openings laterally past the curtain into the interior of the mixer, and the aforementioned fouling problems would occur.
  • the lateral walls of the mixer are preferably cooled in practice to 7 to 15 ° C, in particular to 10 to 12 ° C. In this way it is achieved that a condensation layer settles on the walls. The condensation layer prevents sticking.
  • the temperatures mentioned are also suitable for the formation of a condensation layer on the inner walls within the riser.
  • the nozzles for feeding glue in a configuration of the invention at a distance from the housing of the mixer. Before an opening of the mixer housing are then the nozzles. Between the nozzle and the opening thus remains a gap or annular gap, entrained by the air and can be supplied as suitable. Moreover, in this embodiment, the air introduced through the gap or annulus may be preheated to provide a desired temperature in the mixer, particularly so as to promote a desired activation of the glue on the surface.
  • MDF panels have a top and a bottom, which are parallel to each other and which are flat. These plates are a few millimeters thick. They usually have no plastic or glass fibers, since no special forms must be realized, which differ from a flat surface.
  • Moldings of the aforementioned type are also used in the furniture industry. Such moldings are z. B. needed for doors that are specially shaped for design reasons.
  • the molded parts In contrast to plates consisting of fibers, for example MDF boards, which are intended for the production of panels, it is sufficient for the molded parts to merely pre-press them.
  • the pre-pressing takes place at much lower pressures than the actual pressing step.
  • the pre-pressure can be only one-third of the pressure that is used for the actual pressing step.
  • the actual pressing step is carried out at pressures of 75 to 80 kg / cm 2 .
  • Fibers for the production of molded parts to the fibers which are used for the production of MDF or HDF panels for panels, in particular for floor panels, is also independent of the above-mentioned other measures and features according to the invention particularly economical compared to the prior art ,
  • the two outer main surfaces of the layer are vapor-deposited from outside. This can be done simultaneously with pre-compression or densification of the layer.
  • the layered solid wood components are transported between two rigid plates. One plate is then below the conveyor belt and the other above the conveyor belt. Of the Distance between the two plates can decrease in the transport direction so that thereby the layer is compressed.
  • the layer is acted upon by steam.
  • the moisture in the surface region of the layer is then increased in particular by at least 2% by weight, for example up to 4% by weight and thus for example from 7% by weight to 9 to 11% by weight.
  • the temperature of the steam is typically 100 to 130 ° C.
  • the evaporation increases the thermal conductivity to the middle of the layer. Overall, this causes a better pressing behavior and thus a reduction of the pressing time.
  • the layer or the already compacted layer of solid, glue-provided wood components can be divided in one embodiment, so that there are virtually two superimposed layers.
  • the layer is transported for this purpose on a conveyor belt.
  • a belt or a rail is arranged so that this divides the layer located on the conveyor belt.
  • the tape or the rail is followed by a steaming device, which is located in this way between the two layers.
  • the adjacent sides of the two layers formed by division or at least one of them is steamed as described above, so as to allow faster pressing times.
  • the top layer is on top of the bottom.
  • the vaporized layers are transported to the press and pressed here to the plate.
  • the evaporation causes a direct or indirect rapid heating of the fibers provided with glue immediately and / or during pressing succeeds and thus pressing times can be shortened.
  • the productivity is increased accordingly.
  • the panels have hard outer layers and a soft inner layer.
  • the impact sound can be advantageously reduced.
  • the surface is steamed and the interior area remains relatively dry, the surfaces are purposefully pressed.
  • moist material can be pressed better than dry material. Surface areas are thus densely compressed.
  • pre-evaporation it is also possible to control the temperature profile. This makes it possible to obtain in an improved way to harder outer layers compared to the middle layer.
  • the length of the double belt presses used can be shortened.
  • the costs for the purchase of the presses are significantly reduced. It can be produced in a smaller space. Significant cost advantages are the result.
  • the pressing time can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through a belt scale 1 and a subsequent mixer 2.
  • dried fibers which were made from wood chips, fed through an opening of a housing 4 of the belt scale 1.
  • a slope 5 directs the incoming fibers onto the belt of the belt scale.
  • the belt scale detects and controls the amount of material that is transported in the direction of the three rollers 6.
  • the three rollers 6 are superposed and offset so arranged that they include ⁇ with the belt weigher 1 an acute angle.
  • the fibers on the belt scale reach this acute angle. They pass through the rotating rollers 6.
  • a curtain is formed from the fibers, which is transported vertically downward along the arrow 7 due to gravity. The curtain thus enters the mixer 2, specifically between a plurality of nozzles 8 and tools 9.
  • the mixer consists of a tubular housing.
  • the housing is formed by a double wall 10 and 11.
  • Central to the interior of the housing is an axle 12, on which the tools 9 are mounted.
  • a tool 9 includes with the axis 12 a right angle.
  • Each four rudder blade-like tools 9 are summarized in a star shape.
  • Several of these combined tools are mounted at regular intervals on the axis 12.
  • the front area into which the fiber curtain is inserted is free of tools. This ensures that a sufficiently large distance between the tools 9 and the nozzles 8 is present. This distance is provided so that from the nozzles 8 leaking glue does not impinge directly on the tools during operation.
  • the diameter of the housing of the mixer corresponds to the width of the opening through which the fiber curtain is inserted into the mixer.
  • the width of the curtain is adapted to the width of the opening.
  • the nozzles 8 are semicircular around the axis 12 in an upper area arranged. This causes on the one hand, the curtain is evenly provided with glue and on the other hand, the emerging from the nozzle 8 glue does not impinge directly on parts of the mixer. Between the nozzles 8 and the housing 10, 11 a distance is arranged, so that a kind of annular gap is formed. Air is sucked in via this annular gap. Not shown are means for heating the air, which is sucked. This creates a glue-air mixture.
  • the glue-provided curtain (in other words, a mat formed of fibers) is transported by the air flow parallel to the axis 12 through the mixer 2.
  • the axis rotates during transport and thus the tools 9.
  • the glue is further mixed with the fibers.
  • a cooled liquid is introduced in order to create a condensation layer on its inner walls in the interior of the mixer.
  • FIG. 2 a plan view of the mixer parallel to the axis 12 is shown. For clarity, only two tools 9 are shown. Based on FIG. 2 In particular, a single-row, semi-circular arrangement of the nozzles in the upper area is illustrated.
  • FIG. 3 an embodiment of the method is illustrated in the overall context.
  • Sawdust is advantageously utilized, which is placed in a silo 32.
  • the wood components are fed to a funnel-shaped Vampfampf disposer means of conveyor belts.
  • the feed is typically in the ratio of about 6: 4 (60 wt .-% shavings, 40 wt .-% sawdust). In this way, sawdust is also recovered. Costs are lowered further. Resources of raw materials are spared. The proportion of shavings should predominate, as this produces fibers and later fiber mats, which stabilize mechanically. A lower limit for the sawdust content is therefore not to be observed.
  • Vordampf the wood components are mixed, pre-evaporated while 60 to 70 ° C heated.
  • the wood components are then fed to a digester 34.
  • the wood components are cooked for about 2 to 3 minutes at a pressure of 11 to 16 bar and a temperature of 140 to 180 ° C. Pressure and temperature are chosen so that a splitting into liquid and solid wood components takes place.
  • the liquid components are separated from the solid and fed to a line 36 which is gastight connect to the cooker 34.
  • the solid wood components are fed to a defibering machine 36 (refiner).
  • the defibering machine 36 typically includes a stator and a rotor that are driven by a motor.
  • the solid components are broken down here into fibers.
  • the fibers which in one embodiment are mixed with sawdust, are pneumatically fed to a drying tube 37.
  • a drying tube 37 In the following, independently of fibers.
  • the fibers are dried at 160 to 220 ° C. The drying is relatively quick and inexpensive, since the liquid wood components have already been removed.
  • the fibers From the drying tube, the fibers enter cyclones 38. Here the steam is separated. Down the fibers are led out. The temperature of the fibers is then typically 50 ° C. The fibers are then mechanically glued in gluing devices 39 at comparatively cool temperatures. The subsequently glued fibers have a temperature of typically 35 to 40 ° C. The glued fibers pass into one or more vision devices 40.
  • the vision devices 40 include heaters to heat the fibers to 55 to 60 ° C. The increase in temperature is advantageous if the plates are to be pressed at temperatures above 150 ° C. The pressing step can be accelerated. Shorter press times lead to larger production capacities.
  • the pre-glued fibers are fed to one or more separation devices 41. From the separating devices 41, the pre-glued fibers reach a scattering station 42. The scattering station 42 applies the pre-glued fibers to a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt guides the fibers to a pre-press 44. Here, the fibers are typically pre-pressed 2/3. The pre-press includes a circulating belt between which the fibers are fed and thereby be pressed. The fibers then pass through a forming line 45 which has various means of ensuring that the fibers are in the desired shape. In one embodiment, the forming line leads to a vapor deposition device 46. Here, the fibers are vapor-deposited from above and / or below. The fibers can be split parallel to the conveyor belt and steamed in the "inside".
  • the fibers finally reach the main press 47, which consists of two circulating steel strips pressed against each other.
  • the pressure typically takes place above 150 ° C. According to the invention, however, is pressed at temperatures below 60 ° C.
  • the plates are sawed by means of a saw 48 and fed to a holding device 49.
  • the plates are held so that they do not touch.
  • the plates are cooled in this way.
  • the separated liquid components which have been supplied to the line 35 are cooled within the gas-tight sealed system. If these liquid constituents have been sufficiently cooled, they are either disposed of or fed to the gluing device 39.
  • the plates are further processed, for example, to panels.
  • the plates are for this example coated with papers, further sawn and provided with coupling elements by milling.
  • the panels can serve as a covering for walls or floors.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé destiné à la production d'un élément de construction réalisé en fibres de bois, copeaux de bois et/ou sciure, notamment un panneau. Ce procédé consiste: - à appliquer de la colle sur des fibres de bois, des copeaux de bois et/ou de la sciure, - à comprimer les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure enrobés de colle pour former un élément de construction, notamment un panneau. Les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure sont d'abord décomposés par cuisson en constituants solides et fluides. Avant de quitter le système étanche au gaz, les constituants fluides sont séparés et refroidis dans ce système fermé étanche au gaz. Cela permet de réduire fortement la nuisance olfactive pendant la production. L'invention concerne également un dispositif permettant de mettre en oeuvre le procédé et les composants produits selon l'invention.

Claims (44)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de construction préparé à partir de fibres de bois, de copeaux de bois et/ou de sciure de bois, en particulier d'une plaque, comportant les étapes suivantes :
    - application de colle sur les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois,
    - pressage des fibres de bois, des copeaux de bois et/ou de la sciure de bois pourvus de la colle, pour obtenir un élément de construction,
    caractérisé en ce qu'on procède au pressage à des températures inférieures à 60°C et sous des pressions de 75 à 80 kg/cm2.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois sont décomposés en des constituants solides et liquides à l'intérieur d'un système étanche aux gaz, les constituants liquides sont séparés des constituants solides, et extraits du système étanche aux gaz à des températures inférieures à 90°C, en particulier inférieures à 70°C.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des deux revendications précédentes, dans lequel la colle est appliquée à une température inférieure à 100°C sur les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que des couches, en particulier sous forme de papier et/ou de papier décoratif, qui de préférence sont pourvues de résines, sont placées en dessous et/ou au-dessus de la plaque, en particulier pour la fabrication de panneaux stratifiés, et sont pressées dans une presse à des températures de préférence supérieures à 150°C, d'une manière particulièrement préférée supérieures à 180°C.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comportant les étapes suivantes :
    - séchage de fibres de bois, de copeaux de bois et/ou de sciure de bois dans un dispositif de séchage,
    - application de colle sur les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois séchés, à l'extérieur du dispositif de séchage, à une température abaissée,
    - pressage des fibres de bois, des copeaux de bois et/ou de la sciure de bois pourvus de la colle, pour obtenir un élément de construction.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la colle est appliquée sur les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois par pulvérisation d'un mélange colle-gaz sur les fibres.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on applique de la colle en une quantité telle que l'on utilise 45 à 55 kg de colle par m3 d'élément de construction.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois sont, avant application de colle, placés sur une bascule à bandes, et la bascule à bandes et l'application de la colle sont pilotées de telle sorte que le rapport pondéral entre la colle et les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois soit maintenu pour l'essentiel constant pendant l'application de la colle.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois pourvus de colle sont mélangés et/ou brassés les uns avec les autres, et plus précisément en particulier dans un mélangeur (39) à parois refroidies.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les fibres sont façonnées sous forme d'un rideau ou d'un mat, et la colle est appliquée sur le rideau ou le mat, ou est introduite dans le rideau ou dans le mat.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la colle est appliquée en même temps que de l'air chauffé sur les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois, et plus précisément en particulier à une température de l'air de 40 à 70°C.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la colle est appliquée en même temps qu'un durcisseur sur les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois.
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la colle, après application sur les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois est d'abord activée d'une manière limitée, seulement sur sa surface.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois pourvus de colle sont soufflés par une colonne montante.
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le bois est décomposé en des constituants solides et en des constituants liquides, et les constituants liquides sont appliqués sous forme d'une colle sur les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que les constituants liquides sont refroidis avant l'application, et plus précisément en particulier d'au moins 30°C, de préférence d'au moins 60°C.
  17. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la colle contient de la lignine et de l'hémicellulose, et plus précisément en particulier selon une proportion allant jusqu'à 20 % en poids.
  18. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des fibres plastiques et/ou des fibres de verre sont ajoutées aux fibres de bois, aux copeaux de bois et/ou à la sciure de bois.
  19. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on fabrique en tant qu'élément de construction une pièce façonnée en forme de plaque.
  20. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois sont, immédiatement avant pressage, exposés à de la vapeur.
  21. Procédé en particulier selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on fabrique simultanément des plaques MDF et/ou des plaques HDF, pour panneaux de sol et pièces façonnées, les fibres utilisées à cette fin provenant du même dispositif, en particulier du même dispositif de broyage.
  22. Dispositif pour la fabrication d'un élément de construction préparé à partir de fibres de bois, de copeaux de bois et/ou de sciure de bois, en particulier d'une plaque, à l'aide d'un dispositif de séchage (37), dans lequel les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois sont séchés, et comportant un dispositif de collage (39), dans lequel les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois sont pourvus de colle, et comportant des moyens (44, 47) pour presser les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois pourvus de colle, pour obtenir un élément de construction, en particulier une plaque,
    caractérisé par un dispositif de pilotage de la pression et de la température, qui est configuré de telle sorte que les fibres de bois, les panneaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois pourvus de colle soient pressés à des températures inférieures à 60°C et sous des pressions de 75 à 80 kg/cm2.
  23. Dispositif selon la revendication de dispositif précédente, comportant des moyens transporteurs (1, 7) à l'aide desquels les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois sont transportés du dispositif de séchage au dispositif de collage (2, 8),
    caractérisé en ce qu'une presse (47) est prévue, qui comprend des bandes presseuses tournantes, pressées l'une contre l'autre.
  24. Dispositif selon la revendication de dispositif précédente, comportant un dispositif (36) dans lequel des copeaux de bois sont transformés en fibres, et plus précisément en particulier par un apport de température et/ou de pression, et/ou à l'aide de disques broyeurs.
  25. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif de séchage (37) comprend un tube, en plus de moyens à l'aide desquels un milieu gazeux est chauffé et est insufflé par le tube.
  26. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, dans lequel le moyen transporteur est une bascule à bandes (1).
  27. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, dans lequel un mélangeur (2) est prévu, dans lequel de la colle et des fibres de bois, des copeaux de bois et/ou de la sciure de bois sont mélangés les uns aux autres, et plus précisément en particulier par voie mécanique à l'aide d'outils agitateurs (9), les outils agitateurs étant de préférence disposés sous forme de pales d'aviron ou d'hélices, pour ainsi pouvoir réaliser un tourbillonnement de l'air dans le mélangeur.
  28. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de procédé précédentes, dans lequel un mélangeur (2, 39) est prévu, en plus de moyens destinés au refroidissement de son enveloppe (10, 11).
  29. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de procédé précédentes, dans lequel un mélangeur (2, 39) est prévu, qui comprend au moins partiellement une enveloppe à double paroi (10, 11), et plus précisément en particulier un tube à double paroi.
  30. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, dans lequel des réfrigérants sont prévus pour le refroidissement d'un liquide, ainsi que des moyens pour refroidir, à l'aide du liquide refroidi, l'enveloppe d'un mélangeur (2, 39) et/ou d'une colonne montante.
  31. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, comportant des moyens pour la production d'une couche d'eau de condensation sur les parois intérieures d'un mélangeur (2, 39) et/ou d'une colonne montante.
  32. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, comportant des moyens (6) pour amener les fibres, sous forme d'un rideau ou d'un mat, au dispositif de collage (39).
  33. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, comportant des moyens (6) pour amener les fibres, sous forme d'un rideau ou d'un mat, au dispositif de collage (39), ces moyens comprenant des cylindres (6), une bande transporteuse ou une bascule à bandes (1) étant prévue pour amener les fibres aux cylindres.
  34. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, comportant des moyens (6) pour amener les fibres, sous forme d'un rideau ou d'un mat, au dispositif de collage, ces moyens comportant des cylindres (6), qui sont disposés les uns au-dessus des autres ainsi que d'une manière décalée, les cylindres étant en particulier disposés de telle sorte qu'ils fassent un angle aigu (α) avec une bande transporteuse ou une bascule à bandes (1).
  35. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, comportant des buses (8), à l'aide desquelles de la colle est appliquée sur les fibres ou les copeaux, ces buses ayant en particulier une forme conique.
  36. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, comportant des moyens à l'aide desquels de la colle est appliquée en même temps que de l'air chauffé sur les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois.
  37. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, comportant des moyens à l'aide desquels de la colle est appliquée en même temps qu'un durcisseur sur les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois.
  38. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, comportant une colonne montante courant pour l'essentiel verticalement, laquelle se poursuit par le dispositif de collage (39) et à travers laquelle, selon une orientation opposée à la force de gravité, les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois collés sont insufflés, de préférence des moyens étant prévus pour le refroidissement des parois de la colonne montante.
  39. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, comportant un cyclone (41), dans lequel les fibres ou les copeaux pourvus de colle sont séparés, et/ou une visionneuse (39), par laquelle les fibres ou copeaux pourvus de colle peuvent être optiquement contrôlés.
  40. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, comportant des moyens destinés à placer des fibres sous forme d'un rideau ou d'un mat devant les buses (8) dont sort la colle.
  41. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, comportant un mélangeur (2) et une ouverture par laquelle un rideau, constitué de fibres, est introduit dans ou devant le mélangeur, l'ouverture correspondant à la largeur maximale de l'enveloppe du mélangeur, et les moyens destinés à la production du rideau étant de préférence dimensionnés de façon que la largeur du rideau corresponde pour l'essentiel à la largeur de l'ouverture.
  42. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, dans lequel il est prévu une colonne montante constituée d'un métal et/ou un mélangeur constitué d'un métal.
  43. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes, dans lequel des moyens (34) sont prévus pour décomposer des fibres de bois, des copeaux de bois et/ou de la sciure de bois, à l'intérieur d'un système étanche aux gaz, en des constituants solides et liquides, ainsi que des moyens pour séparer des constituants solides les constituants liquides à l'intérieur du système étanche aux gaz, et les refroidir.
  44. Dispositif selon la revendication de dispositif précédente, comportant des moyens pour appliquer au moins partiellement, en particulier à l'état refroidi, les constituants liquides sur les fibres de bois, les copeaux de bois et/ou la sciure de bois.
EP02794508A 2001-08-01 2002-07-18 Panneau realise dans un materiau derive du bois et de production ecologique Expired - Lifetime EP1414629B8 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02794508A EP1414629B8 (fr) 2001-08-01 2002-07-18 Panneau realise dans un materiau derive du bois et de production ecologique

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE20112599U 2001-08-01
DE20112599U DE20112599U1 (de) 2001-08-01 2001-08-01 MDF-Platte nebst Herstellung
PCT/EP2001/009472 WO2003013808A1 (fr) 2001-08-01 2001-08-16 Panneaux mdf et leur procede de production
DECT109472Q 2001-08-16
DE20210718U 2002-07-10
DE20210718U DE20210718U1 (de) 2002-07-10 2002-07-10 MDF-Presstechnologie
PCT/EP2002/008003 WO2003013809A1 (fr) 2001-08-01 2002-07-18 Panneau realise dans un materiau derive du bois et de production ecologique
EP02794508A EP1414629B8 (fr) 2001-08-01 2002-07-18 Panneau realise dans un materiau derive du bois et de production ecologique

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EP1414629A1 EP1414629A1 (fr) 2004-05-06
EP1414629B1 true EP1414629B1 (fr) 2011-10-19
EP1414629B8 EP1414629B8 (fr) 2012-04-18

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016079124A1 (fr) 2014-11-17 2016-05-26 Metadynea Austria Gmbh Procédé de pressage à basse température
CN114059372A (zh) * 2020-07-31 2022-02-18 赵明智 一种干法造纸技术

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