Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
  • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
  • H01P1/10—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting
  • H01P1/15—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting by semiconductor devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
  • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
  • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
  • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
  • H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix

Definitions

• the invention relates to an arrangement for generating secondary radiation diagrams arranged in each case between horizontally offset main radiation diagrams of a phased array antenna arrangement in a radio communication system with several subscribers.
• this is preceded by a butler matrix in such a way that a first subscriber signal is connected to a first input of the butler matrix in order to generate a first main radiation diagram directed to a first subscriber area, in order to generate a second subscriber area directed, adjacent second main radiation pattern, a second subscriber signal is connected to a second input of the Butler matrix and that the two main radiation patterns are polarization-identical to one another.
• Radio communication systems are known in which individual subscribers are supplied with the aid of a so-called "fully adaptive" antenna arrangement. Depending on the location of an individual subscriber, a main radiation diagram assigned to the subscriber is generated, which is tracked when the subscriber changes location. Due to the large control effort of the fully adaptive Antenna, these radio communication systems can only be implemented with very great effort.
• Radio communication systems with adaptive antennas are used, in which several fixed, partially overlapping, polarization-identical horizontal radiation patterns are defined. Depending on their location, each participant is assigned to a main radiation diagram.
• the Main radiation diagrams are polarization-identical to each other and result in a supply characteristic with typical indents of 3dB that deviate from a reference field strength.
• the invention is therefore based on the object of designing an arrangement for generating secondary radiation diagrams arranged between horizontally offset main radiation patterns of a phased array antenna arrangement in such a way that the polarization of the secondary radiation patterns is identical to that of the main radiation patterns.
• FIG. 3 shows an arrangement for controlling a phased array antenna arrangement for generating the main or secondary radiation diagrams according to the invention
• FIG. 4 shows a circuit example for a control device in an arrangement according to FIG. 3.
• FIG. 1 shows horizontal main radiation diagrams HS1, HS2, HS3 and HS4 and those arranged adjacent to them
• the main radiation diagrams HS1 to HS4 have the same polarization, here, for example, + 45 ° polarization, and are offset horizontally from one another, each of them serving a spatial area or serving the subscribers assigned to the individual area.
• the first main radiation diagram HS1 and the second main radiation diagram HS2 adjacent to it typically overlap at a point P12 which characterizes a field strength drop of 3dB from a reference field strength E REF .
• points P23 and P34 which result from the overlap of the main radiation diagrams H2, H3 and H4.
• secondary radiation diagrams NS12, NS23, NS34 and NS5 which are adjacent to the main radiation diagrams HS1 to HS4 are generated, which in turn are polarization-identical to one another, but are not polarization-identical to the main radiation diagrams HS1 to HS4.
• the polarization of the secondary radiation diagrams NS12 to NS5 is thus -45 ° here.
• the first and second main radiation diagrams HS1 and HS2 overlap, for example, with the one in between arranged secondary radiation diagram NS12 at a point P1 or P2, which typically characterize a field strength drop of 0.6 dB from the reference field strength E REF .
• P1 or P2 typically characterize a field strength drop of 0.6 dB from the reference field strength E REF .
• P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7 typically characterize a field strength drop of 0.6 dB from the reference field strength E REF .
• the adaptive antenna arrangement thus has a spatial coverage characteristic with typical indents of 0.6 dB, but the polarization of the signals sent to a subscriber depends on its location and thus on the main or
• a signal for a subscriber which is assigned to the first main radiation diagram HS1, for example, is thus
• FIG. 2 shows main radiation diagrams HSD1, HSD2, HSD3 and HSD4 and secondary radiation diagrams NSD12, NSD23 and NSD34 arranged between them according to the invention.
• the main radiation diagrams HSD1 to HSD4 are polarization-identical to one another and polarization-identical to the secondary radiation diagrams NSD12 to NSD34, in comparison with the known prior art.
• a signal for a subscriber which is assigned, for example, to the main radiation diagram HSD1, is therefore always emitted with the same polarization, even if the subscriber is moving and is therefore assigned to the secondary radiation diagram NSD12, for example.
• FIG. 3 shows an arrangement for controlling a phased array antenna arrangement for generating the main or secondary radiation diagrams according to the invention shown in FIG.
• a Butler matrix BM with four inputs E1, E2, E3 and E4 and with four outputs serves to control a phased array antenna arrangement ANT which consists of four cross-polarized individual antennas ANT1, ANT2, ANT3 and ANT4.
• Individual antennas ANT1, ANT2, ANT3 and ANT each with its own antenna input for each individual polarization contained therein, contain one or more interconnected + 45 ° excitation systems, which are used to generate a + 45 ° polarized radiation pattern or also one or more interconnected -45 ° excitation systems used to generate a -45 ° polarized radiation pattern.
• the phased array antenna arrangement ANT thus has eight inputs for receiving subscriber signals, four for generating + 45 ° and four for generating -45 ° polarized radiation diagrams.
• Each individual output of the Butler matrix BM is connected here to exactly one + 45 ° input of the phased array antenna arrangement ANT.
• Each of the four inputs of the Butler Matrix BM is preceded by a combiner CB1, CB2, CB3 or CB4, each with four inputs and one output, that the output of a combiner CB1 to CB4 is connected to exactly one of the four inputs E1 to E4 of the Butler matrix BM.
• Each of the four combiners CB1 to CB4 is in turn connected to a control device ANSI, ANS2, ANS3 or ANS4, each with four outputs and with one input each, in such a way that the first to fourth inputs of the four combiners CB1 to CB4, each with one output of the first to fourth control devices ANSI, ANS2, ANS3 and ANS4 are connected.
• Each of the four control devices ANSI to ANS4 is preceded by a carrier unit CU, CU2, CU3 or CU4 with one output each in such a way that each input of the
• Control device ANSI to ANS4 is connected to the output of exactly one carrier unit CU1 to CU4. Subscriber signals are forwarded to the respective control device ANSI to ANS4 via the carrier unit CU1 to CU4.
• a first subscriber signal TN1 of the carrier unit CU1 arrives via the first control device ANSI and via the first combiner CB1 to exactly one input E1 of the Butler matrix BM and via this to the + 45 ° inputs of the phased array Antenna arrangement ANT.
• the signal TN1 is divided and phase-shifted within the Butler matrix BM in such a way that, when it is emitted, the main radiation diagram HSD1 known from FIG. 2 is produced.
• a second subscriber signal TN2 of the first carrier unit CU1 also arrives via the first control device ANSI, but subsequently via the second Combiner CB2 to exactly one second input E2 of the Butler matrix BM and via this to the + 45 ° inputs of the phased array antenna arrangement ANT.
• the signal TN2 is again divided and shifted in phase within the Butler matrix BM in such a way that the main radiation diagram HSD2 known from FIG.
• the inputs E1 and E2 of the Butler matrix BM are adjacent to one another.
• a third subscriber signal TN3 which is here, for example, supplied to the second carrier unit CU2, now reaches the second control device ANS2 and the first and second combiners CB1 and CB2 in phase two inputs El and E2.
• Each of the control devices ANSI to ANS4 is designed in such a way that, depending on the participant and its location, they are used to generate the main or
• the combiner CB1 to CB4 either connects the corresponding subscriber signal to only one of the inputs E1 to E4 of the Butler matrix BM or that it switches the corresponding subscriber signal in phase to two adjacent inputs E1 to E4 of the Butler matrix BM.
• the individual subscriber signals are transmitted successively in time slots, such as in GSM or in UMTS with TDD, the individual subscriber signals are transmitted in accordance with their time slots Control devices ANSI to ANS4 connected through to the corresponding inputs of the Butler matrix BM.
• FIG. 4 shows a circuit example for a control device ANS in an arrangement according to FIG. 3.
• the control device ANS has four outputs AI, A2, A3 and A4 and one input El.
• the four outputs AI, A2, A3 and A4 are connected to the input E1 of the control circuit ANS via a common star point SP.
• a series circuit comprising a capacitor CE1 and a switchable shunt PIN diode DE1, which is connected to a compensation potential PO, is provided on an input branch of the control device ANS assigned to the input E1 of the control device ANS via a first switching point API.
• a switchable shunt PIN diode DA1, DA2, DA3 there is a switchable shunt PIN diode DA1, DA2, DA3 and, respectively, connected to the equalization potential PO via a second connection point AP2 in a cross branch DA4 provided.
• the capacitor CE1 and a line spacing ael present between the first switch-on point API and the star point SP are used to adjust the resistance and are dimensioned such that the input E1 of the control device ANS has an essentially real input resistance ZE1, which is typically 50 ⁇ .
• the respective second connection point AP2 has a line spacing aal, aa2, aa3 or aa4 from the star point SP.
• the respective line spacing aal, aa2, aa3 or aa4 is dimensioned such that when the shunt PIN diode DA1, DA2, DA3 or DA4 is switched on, the corresponding output AI, A2, A3 or A4 has a high resistance from
• Star point SP is separated. This is achieved in that when the shunt PIN diode DA1, DA2, D A 3 or DA4 reaches the equalization potential PO at the corresponding second switch-on point AP2 and this to a certain extent as a short circuit over the associated line spacing aal, aa2, aa3 or aa4, which typically has an electrical length of 1/4 a wavelength of a carrier frequency assigned to a subscriber, essentially as There is no load at the neutral point SP.
• the line spacing ael of the first connection point API to the star point SP is essentially 1/10 or 1/12 of the
• Wavelength of the carrier frequency assigned to the subscriber
• the shunt pin diode DE1 in the input branch and the shunt PIN diodes DA1, DA2, DA3 and DA4 assigned to the respective output branches are switched such that three of the outputs AI to A4 have a high resistance from the star point SP are separated.
• the shunt PIN diode DE1 blocks in the input branch, as a result of which the capacitor CE1 or the series connection makes no contribution to one
• Resistance transformation delivers.
• the shunt PIN diodes DA2, DA3 and DA4 of the respective output branches are switched through, while the shunt PIN diodes DA1 in the first output branch and the shunt PIN diode DE1 of the input branch block.
• a subscriber signal TN11 which is present at the input E1, reaches the first output AI.
• the shunt PIN diodes DA3 and DA4 provided in the third and fourth output branches are switched through, as a result of which the third and fourth outputs A3 and A4 have a high resistance from Star point SP are separated. Since the shunt PIN diodes DA1 and DA2 present in the first and second output branches in this example are not switched through, a subscriber signal TN31, which is present at input E1, arrives in phase with both the first output AI and the second output A2.
• the respective subscriber signal TN11 or TN31 then, as described in FIG. 3, reaches the corresponding inputs of the Butler matrix.
• an essentially real resistance of typically 25 ⁇ at the common star point SP is, for example, an essentially real resistance of typically 25 ⁇ at the common star point SP.
• this is transformed to an essentially real input resistance ZE1 of typically 50 ⁇ .

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• Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

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Applications Claiming Priority (6)

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• 2002
  • 2002-07-09 WO PCT/EP2002/007653 patent/WO2003012924A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-07-09 EP EP02747463A patent/EP1413008A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2002-07-09 CN CNB028191226A patent/CN100362697C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-07-09 BR BR0211486-0A patent/BR0211486A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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