Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
  • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
  • C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
  • C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

• incineration is the simplest and best known solution. Given the heterogeneity of the products treated, it causes significant pollution risks for the environment, which motivates the realization of increasingly complex and consequently more and more expensive installations. Composting is another aerobic solution which treats fermentable organic matter, but which comes up against the reality of excessively long residence times, incompatible with the treatment of large tonnages.
• An object of the invention is to provide a waste treatment process, an apparatus and compositions for implementing the process, making it possible to obtain a stable product in a very short time, and at a reasonable cost.
• the use of a closed container to contain the waste during the biological degradation step makes it possible to accelerate the heating of the waste and the release of water vapor, and makes it possible to collect both the gaseous emanations emitted by the waste, as well as the pore water produced by the degradation of the fermentable organic matter from the water structurally included in the fermentable organic matter; the partial nature of the degradation makes it possible to keep chains of relatively large organic materials which are useful in particular for enriching cultivated land.
• FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of an installation allowing the implementation of the method.
• This phase continues with a step of introducing the waste by a conveyor 1 into a tank 2.
• the tank 2 is closed to thermally isolate the waste from the ambient environment.
• the height of storage of the waste in the tank is preferably at least two meters to promote heating of the products.
• the first additive, additive A is composed of iron Fe chips, magnetite Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 , potassium phosphate K 3 PO 4 , potassium iodide Kl, sodium iodide Nal, citronellol, citronellal or lemon essence C10H10O and cobalamin, retinol, ascorbic acid, and tocopherol. Each component can be incorporated in variable proportions from 0% to 100% of the additive.
• This first additive is a nutrient. It plays a fundamental role in boosting aerobic degradation reactions at much faster speeds than in the natural cycle, actively participating in the absorption of odorous molecules, thus regulating the olfactory nuisances that may be encountered on waste treatment and transformation sites. .
• the nutrients used are phosphorus, potassium, cobalamin, retinol, ascorbic acid and tocopherol.
• the nutrients cause the optimum biological conditions for a rapid natural rise in temperature.
• Catalysts help living cells, microorganisms, to carry out their biological metabolism by consuming thanks to the oxygen supply from aeration forced, fermentable organic matter from waste; iodine can be added to promote heating of the waste due to its radioactivity.
• additive B occurs after the forced ventilation catalyzed by additive A, it
• This waste included 6 T of organic matter (comprising 40% of dry matter and 60% of water), 1 T of plastics (surrounded by 0.15 T of water included in the weight), 1.5 T of metals, leather and textiles (surrounded by 0.25 T of water included in the weight), 0.5 T of rubble (surrounded by 0.1 T of water included in the weight); organic matter included various biodegradable elements, including peelings, paper, cardboard and wood.
• the gases emitted were carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen.
• the product obtained after 10 hours of biological treatment consisted of:
• the total therefore weighed 5.3 T with 0.4 T of water or 7% humidity.
• the process gases have been recovered. They consisted of ammonia and water vapor. Recovered, this condensation water represents 4.1 m3.
• the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a stable product (in contact with air), after a very short treatment time (a few hours in particular as regards biological treatment).
• This process only performs partial degradation of organic matter; this degradation occurs at the periphery of the pieces of organic material (peels, paper, cardboard), but also that which is between the pieces of products. It is this part of organic matter which is acidified.
• the COOH radical loses its H +.
• the long chains of organic matter are cut at the C-C bonds producing smaller molecules. These reactions take place at the level of the cytoplasm of microorganisms and outside the cell.
• the rise in temperature beyond 65 ° C makes it possible to destroy or at least block the functioning of mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms.
• the first treatment phase produces pore water from structural water. This water improves the yield of the chemical reaction of the second phase.
• the mineralization of the surface part of the organic matter also makes it possible to physically separate the water from the solid matter, so that the separation of the water by blower is facilitated: the ventilation makes it possible to dry the waste considerably, which is then easier to sort.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

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• 2002
  • 2002-07-04 WO PCT/FR2002/002351 patent/WO2003004442A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-07-04 EP EP02762532A patent/EP1401789A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-07-04 AU AU2002328381A patent/AU2002328381A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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