Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
  • C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
  • C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/09—Heterocyclic compounds containing no sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
  • C10N2030/45—Ash-less or low ash content

Definitions

• This invention relates generally to cyclic thioamides useful as additives for lubricating oils.
• Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates are widely used as lubricant additives.
• the principal disadvantages of these compounds are that an ash residue is produced by the zinc as the additive is consumed, and that phosphorus is known to affect the efficiency of catalytic converters in motor vehicles, thereby causing emissions problems.
• Cyclic compounds useful as lubricant additives are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,187,722. However, the compounds disclosed therein are imidazolidinethiones which are not within the scope of the present invention.
• the problem addressed by this invention is to find additional non-metallic, non-phosphorus-containing oil-soluble additives for lubricating oils.
• the present invention is directed to a composition
• a composition comprising:
• the present invention is further directed to a method for improving the anti-wear characteristics of a lubricating oil by adding from 0.1% to 20% of a compound of formula I.
• the present invention is further directed to a lubricating oil composition containing the reaction product of a compound of formula (I) with an imine; an unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester; an isocyanate or isothiocyanate; or an alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl group bearing a leaving group; and to the aforementioned reaction products.
• alkyl is a saturated hydrocarbyl group having from one to twenty-two carbon atoms in a linear, branched or cyclic arrangement, and having from 0 to 2 oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms. Substitution on alkyl groups of one or more halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkanoyl or amido groups is permitted; alkoxy, alkanoyl and amido groups may in turn be substituted by one or more halo substituents.
• alkyl groups contain from two to twelve carbon atoms and from 0 to 1 oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms; in another preferred embodiment, alkyl groups contain from 4 to 22 carbon atoms; in another preferred embodiment, alkyl groups contain no heteroatoms.
• An "alkenyl” group is an “alkyl” group in which at least one carbon-carbon single bond has been replaced with a double bond.
• An "aryl” group is a substituent derived from an aromatic compound, including heterocyclic aromatic compounds having heteroatoms chosen from among nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
• An aryl group has a total of from five to twenty ring atoms, and has one or more rings which are separate or fused.
• substitution on aryl groups of one or more halo, alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkanoyl or amido groups is permitted, with substitution by one or more halo groups being possible on alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl or amido groups.
• An "aralkyl” group is an "alkyl” group substituted by an "aryl” group.
• a “lubricating oil” is a natural or synthetic oil, or a mixture thereof, having suitable viscosity for use as a lubricant, e.g., as crankcase oil in an internal combustion engine, automatic transmission fluid, turbine lubricant, gear lubricant, compressor lubricant, metal-working lubricant, hydraulic fluid, etc.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl or R 1 and R 2 , or R 3 and R 4 , combine with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an alkyl or alkenyl ring; more preferably at least two of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl.
• At least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 is aryl, aralkyl, C 4 -C 22 alkyl or C 4 -C 22 alkenyl; more preferably at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 is C 4 -C 22 alkyl or C 4 -C 22 alkenyl; and most preferably at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 is C 6 -C 22 alkyl.
• the composition of the present invention includes at least one compound of formula (I). In one embodiment of the invention, the composition contains at least two compounds of formula (I), and more preferably contains at least three compounds of formula (I).
• R 1 and R 2 , or R 3 and R 4 combine with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an alkyl or alkenyl ring, preferably a C 5 -C 8 alkyl or alkenyl ring, most preferably a C 5 -C 6 alkyl ring.
• either or both pairs of substituents, R 1 and R 2 , or R 3 and R 4 become a difunctional alkyl or alkenyl group linked to the cyclic thioamide ring carbon to form an alkyl or alkenyl ring, resulting in a mono- or di-spiro- compound.
• X is CH 2 ; and R 1 and R 2 , and R 3 and R 4 combine with a ring carbon atom to form a C 6 alkyl ring, the following structure results:
• X is CR 5 R 6
• the compound of formula (I) can be represented by formula (II)
• at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl, or R 1 and R 2 , or R 3 and R 4 , combine with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C 5 -C 8 alkyl or alkenyl ring.
• R 4 is R 10 NH
• R 10 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl.
• the compound of this embodiment can be prepared from an alkyl nitrile, a ketone bearing a leaving group at the ⁇ -position, and an amine, in a three-step process, as shown below in Scheme 1 for the embodiment in which R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen: wherein Z represents a suitable leaving group, including, but not limited to iodide, bromide, chloride, tosylate, mesylate or triflate.
• R 3 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl.
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 contain no amine nitrogen atoms.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 10 is aryl, aralkyl, C 4 -C 22 alkyl or C 4 -C 22 alkenyl; more preferably C 6 -C 22 alkyl or C 6 -C 22 alkenyl; and most preferably C 10 -C 22 alkyl.
• Use of a more highly substituted ketone starting material will result in a product in which one or both of R 5 and R 6 are not hydrogen.
• a compound of formula (I) in which X is CH 2 is prepared from a 1,2-halohydrin, an alkyl nitrile and a sulfide salt, in a two-step process, as shown below in Scheme 2: wherein Z represents a suitable leaving group, including, but not limited to iodide, bromide, chloride, tosylate, mesylate or triflate.
• Z represents a suitable leaving group, including, but not limited to iodide, bromide, chloride, tosylate, mesylate or triflate.
• the process can also be performed with substituted starting material to produce a compound in which X is CR 5 R 6 , and R 5 and R 6 are not hydrogen.
• X is CR 5 R 6 CR 8 R 9 and the compound of formula (I) can be represented by formula (III)
• at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 8 and R 9 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl, or R 1 and R 2 , or R 3 and R 4 , combine with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C 5 -C 8 alkyl or alkenyl ring.
• R 4 is R 10 NH
• R 10 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl.
• R 3 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl.
• R 3 contains no amine nitrogen atoms.
• at least one of R 3 and R 4 is aryl, aralkyl, C 4 -C 22 alkyl or C 4 -C 22 alkenyl; more preferably C 6 -C 22 alkyl or alkenyl; and most preferably C 10 -C 22 alkyl.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 8 and R 9 are hydrogen
• the compound of formula (III) is prepared according to the following two-step process
• This process also may be performed with various R groups on the starting material to give substituted versions of the product in which some or all of R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 8 and R 9 are not hydrogen.
• the process also is capable of producing the five-membered analog of the product, i.e., X is CR 5 R 6 , with or without substituents on the ring carbons. This is illustrated below in Scheme 4 for the embodiment in which R 1 , R 2 , R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen:
• X is CR 5 R 6 NR 7 and the compound of formula (I) can be represented by formula (IV)
• at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl, or R 1 and R 2 , or R 3 and R 4 , combine with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C 5 -C 8 alkyl or alkenyl ring.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are hydrogen
• the compound of formula (IV) is prepared according to the following two-step process This process also may be performed with various R groups on the starting material, or with subsequent alkylation on the amine nitrogen, to give substituted versions of the product in which some or all of R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are not hydrogen.
• R 3 and R 4 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl; more preferably at least one of R 3 and R 4 is aryl, aralkyl, C 4 -C 22 alkyl or C 4 -C 22 alkenyl; more preferably C 6 -C 22 alkyl or C 6 -C 22 alkenyl; and most preferably C 10 -C 22 alkyl.
• R 3 and R 4 contain no amine nitrogen atoms.
• Suitable leaving groups include, e.g., iodide, bromide, chloride, tosylate, mesylate or triflate.
• Functionalization of the thioamide group can occur on the thioamide nitrogen or the thioamide sulfur, provided of course that the thioamide nitrogen bears at least one hydrogen.
• the product also can be a mixture of the compound functionalized on the nitrogen and the one functionalized on the sulfur. In compounds also having a primary or secondary amino group, functionalization also may occur solely or partially on the amino group.
• R 14 and R 15 independently are hydrogen or methyl.
• R 14 is hydrogen.
• R 16 is alkyl or aralkyl, most preferably C 4 -C 22 alkyl.
• R 18 is aryl, alkyl or aralkyl, most preferably C 8 -C 22 alkyl.
• R 11 is C 12 -C 22 alkyl.
• R 11 is derived from an unsubstituted C 16 -C 22 alkyl amine, R 11 NH 2 , preferably one which is an oil-soluble amine.
• the alkyl amine is a tertiary alkyl primary amine, i.e., a primary amine in which the alkyl group is attached to the amino group through a tertiary carbon. Examples of commercially available tertiary alkyl primary amines are the PrimeneTM amines available from Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, PA.
• R 12 and R 13 independently are alkyl or hydrogen.
• R 11 N CR 12
• R 13 is a formaldehyde imine
• R 11 N CH 2
• R 17 is C 4 -C 22 alkyl, C 4 -C 22 alkenyl or aralkyl; more preferably C 6 -C 22 alkyl or C 6 -C 22 alkenyl; and most preferably C 8 -C 22 alkyl.
• the compound resulting from functionalization of the thioamide group in the compound of formula (II) can be represented by formula (V).
• bonds a and b are single or double bonds, provided that one of a and b is a single bond and the other is a double bond; one of B 1 and B 2 is -CR 14 H-CR 15 H-COOR 16 , -CR 12 R 13 NHR 11 , -C(O)NHR 18 , -C(S)NHR 18 or R 17 , and the other is absent.
• bonds a and b are single or double bonds, provided that one of a and b is a single bond and the other is a double bond
• bonds a and b are single or double bonds, provided that one of a and b is a single bond and the other is a double bond
• bonds a and b are single or double bonds, provided that one of a and b is a single bond and the other is a double bond
• bonds a and b are single or double bonds
• the compound(s) of formula (I) is present in a lubricating oil in a total amount of at least 0.2%, more preferably at least 0.3%, and most preferably at least 0.4%.
• the compound(s) of formula (I) is present in a lubricating oil in a total amount no greater than 10%, more preferably no greater than 5%, and most preferably no greater than 2%.
• the compounds are soluble at the aforementioned levels.
• additives typically used in lubricating oils are present in the composition.
• additives include, but are not limited to, other anti-wear additives, anti-corrosion additives, dispersants, detergents, antioxidants, antifoamants, friction modifiers, seal swell agents, demulsifiers, viscosity index improvers and pour point depressants.
• anti-wear additives that can be used in combination with the compound of formula (I) include the commercial products known as ZDDP, which are zinc dialkyldithiophosphates.
• ZDDP zinc dialkyldithiophosphates.
• the compound of formula (I) typically also improves anti-corrosion characteristics and functions as an anti-oxidant.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Compressor (AREA)

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• 2003
  • 2003-07-28 EP EP03254690A patent/EP1394239A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-08-06 JP JP2003287836A patent/JP2004162028A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-08-07 US US10/636,185 patent/US20040029744A1/en not_active Abandoned

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