EP1390132A2 - Mixer bars cleaning in a radial or axial manner - Google Patents

Mixer bars cleaning in a radial or axial manner

Info

Publication number
EP1390132A2
EP1390132A2 EP02730151A EP02730151A EP1390132A2 EP 1390132 A2 EP1390132 A2 EP 1390132A2 EP 02730151 A EP02730151 A EP 02730151A EP 02730151 A EP02730151 A EP 02730151A EP 1390132 A2 EP1390132 A2 EP 1390132A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing
shaft
kneader according
elements
mixing kneader
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02730151A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alfred Kunz
Walther Schwenk
Joachim Wagner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
List AG
Original Assignee
List AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10120391A external-priority patent/DE10120391A1/en
Priority claimed from DE10160535A external-priority patent/DE10160535A1/en
Priority claimed from DE10202435A external-priority patent/DE10202435A1/en
Application filed by List AG filed Critical List AG
Publication of EP1390132A2 publication Critical patent/EP1390132A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05—Stirrers
    • B01F27/09—Stirrers characterised by the mounting of the stirrers with respect to the receptacle
    • B01F27/091—Stirrers characterised by the mounting of the stirrers with respect to the receptacle with elements co-operating with receptacle wall or bottom, e.g. for scraping the receptacle wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/02—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type
    • B29B7/06—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/10—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/18—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/183—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft having a casing closely surrounding the rotors, e.g. of Banbury type
    • B29B7/186—Rotors therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05—Stirrers
    • B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
    • B01F27/19—Stirrers with two or more mixing elements mounted in sequence on the same axis
    • B01F27/192—Stirrers with two or more mixing elements mounted in sequence on the same axis with dissimilar elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/70—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms
    • B01F27/701—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms comprising two or more shafts, e.g. in consecutive mixing chambers
    • B01F27/702—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms comprising two or more shafts, e.g. in consecutive mixing chambers with intermeshing paddles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/70—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms
    • B01F27/701—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms comprising two or more shafts, e.g. in consecutive mixing chambers
    • B01F27/703—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms comprising two or more shafts, e.g. in consecutive mixing chambers with stirrers rotating at different speeds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/481—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with paddles, gears or discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B01F2035/99—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/2805—Mixing plastics, polymer material ingredients, monomers or oligomers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05—Stirrers
    • B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
    • B01F27/112—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades
    • B01F27/1122—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades anchor-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/50—Mixing receptacles
    • B01F35/54—Closely surrounding the rotating element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mixer kneader for carrying out mechanical, chemical and / or thermal processes with mixing elements on a shaft which have scraping edges running approximately in the longitudinal direction of the shaft or at a slightly inclined angle.
  • Mixing kneaders of this type serve a very wide range of purposes.
  • the first thing to mention is evaporation with solvent recovery, which is carried out batchwise or continuously and often under vacuum.
  • solvent recovery which is carried out batchwise or continuously and often under vacuum.
  • distillation residues and especially toluene diisocyanates are treated, but also production residues with toxic or high-boiling solvents from chemistry and pharmaceutical production, washing solutions and lacquer sludges, polymer solutions, elastomer solutions from solvent polymerization, adhesives and sealants.
  • a continuous or batchwise is further 'knung, water and / or solvent-moist products, often also under vacuum carried out.
  • the application is primarily intended for pigments, dyes, fine chemicals, additives such as salts, oxides, hydroxides, antioxidants, temperature-sensitive pharmaceutical and vitamin products, active ingredients, polymers, synthetic rubbers, polymer suspensions, latex, hydrogels, waxes, pesticides and residues from the chemical or pharmaceutical production, such as salts, catalysts, slags, leaching.
  • additives such as salts, oxides, hydroxides, antioxidants, temperature-sensitive pharmaceutical and vitamin products, active ingredients, polymers, synthetic rubbers, polymer suspensions, latex, hydrogels, waxes, pesticides and residues from the chemical or pharmaceutical production, such as salts, catalysts, slags, leaching.
  • Degassing and / or devolatilization can take place in mixing kneaders. This is applied to polymer melts, to spinning solutions for synthetic fibers and to polymer or elastomer granules or powder in the solid state.
  • a polycondensation reaction usually continuous and mostly in the melt, can take place in a mixing kneader and is mainly used in the treatment of polyamides, polyesters, polyacetates, polyimides, thermoplastics, elastomers, silicones, urea resins, phenolic resins, detergents and fertilizers.
  • a polymerization reaction can also take place, usually also continuously. This is applied to polyacrylates, hydrogels, polyols, thermoplastic Polymers, elastomers, syndiotactic polystyrene and polyacrylamides.
  • solid / liquid and multiphase reactions can take place in the mixer. This applies above all to baking reactions in the treatment of hydrofluoric acid, stearates, cyanates, polyphosphates, cyanuric acids, cellulose derivatives, esters, ethers, polyacetal resins, sulfanilic acids, Cu phthalocyanines, starch derivatives, ammonium polyphosphates, sulfonates, pesticides and fertilizers.
  • reactions can take place in solid / gaseous form (e.g. carboxylation) or liquid / gaseous form. This is used in the treatment of acetates, acids, Kolbe-Schmitt reactions, e.g. BON, Na salicylates, parahydroxibenzoates and pharmaceutical products.
  • Liquid / liquid reactions take place during neutralization reactions and transesterification reactions.
  • Dissolving and / or degassing in such mixing kneaders takes place in spinning solutions for synthetic fibers, polyamides, polyesters and celluloses.
  • Solid-state post-condensation takes place in the production or treatment of polyester and polyamides, continuous mashing, for example in the treatment of fibers, for example cellulose fibers with solvents, crystallization from the melt or from solutions in the treatment of salts, fine chemicals, Polyols, alcoholates, compounding, Mixing (continuously and / or in batches) in the case of polymer mixtures, silicone compositions, sealing compositions, fly ash, coagulation (in particular continuously) in the treatment of polymer suspensions.
  • Multifunctional processes can also be combined in a mixer kneader, for example heating, drying, melting, crystallizing, mixing, degassing, reacting - all of this continuously or in batches. This produces or treats polymers, elastomers, inorganic products, residues, pharmaceutical products, food products, printing inks.
  • a vacuum sublimation / desublimation can also take place in * - kneaders, whereby chemical precursors, e.g. Anthraquinone, metal chlorides, organometallic compounds, etc. can be cleaned. Pharmaceutical intermediates can also be produced.
  • chemical precursors e.g. Anthraquinone, metal chlorides, organometallic compounds, etc.
  • Pharmaceutical intermediates can also be produced.
  • Continuous carrier gas desublimation takes place e.g. organic intermediates, e.g. Anthraquinone and fine chemicals instead.
  • Mixing kneaders can be single or double-shaft, turn in the same direction or in opposite directions at the same or different speed.
  • a mixer kneader of the type mentioned above is known for example from EP 0 517 068 B1. With it, two axially parallel shafts rotate either in opposite directions or in the same direction in a mixer housing. Mixed bars placed on disc elements work together. In addition to the function of mixing, the mixing bars have the task of cleaning the surfaces of the mixer housing, the shafts and the disc elements that come into contact with the product as well as possible and thus avoid unmixed zones. Particularly in the case of highly compacting, hardening and crusting products, the fact that the mixed bars are marginal leads to high local mechanical loads on the mixed bars and the shafts. These force peaks occur in particular when the mixed bars engage in those zones where the product is difficult to avoid. Such zones exist, for example, where the disk elements are placed on the shaft.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a mixer kneader of the type mentioned above, in which the cleaning effect is maintained, but the load on the mixer bars or the shafts is reduced.
  • clearance angles are formed in each case away from the scraping edges against the direction of movement of the mixing element.
  • Clear angle is understood to mean that a surface with an angle that opens towards the surface to be cleaned adjoins the respective scraping edge.
  • the mixing element tapers against the direction of movement.
  • the clearance angles run away from them in relation to the surfaces to be cleaned.
  • the clearance angle can be 3 ° to 45 °, preferably 10 ° to 20 °. This counteracts crust compression and a brake drum effect.
  • the mixing elements can be placed directly on the shaft, but they are preferably arranged on the circumference of disk elements, which in turn are on the shafts are put on.
  • mixing elements come especially mixing or Kneading bar shapes into consideration, all possible kneading bars such as chopper, crust breaker, clamp, etc. being within the scope of the invention.
  • An additional process advantage results from the fact that no compression zones arise in the engagement area of the mixed bars of two shafts. This results in comminution or granulation of a pasty product mass (e.g. during drying or polymerization) without grinding effects, i.e. that is, there is no fine fraction. This is a particular advantage of the present invention.
  • Such mixing elements according to the invention should be applicable to all known single-shaft or twin-shaft mixer kneaders which rotate in the same direction or in the opposite direction, at the same or different speed, etc.
  • the invention is not limited in this sense.
  • At least one mixing element of a ring should have only radially oriented scraping edges and the other mixing elements of a ring essentially axially oriented scraping edges, or vice versa.
  • the shafts preferably rotate at different speeds, which means that the mixing bars constantly change lanes during rotation and so treatment of different areas takes place, in particular on the disk elements and the shaft surfaces.
  • the different speed is preferably not an integer.
  • adjoining wreaths on the same shaft and / or also on opposing shafts or meshing with one another on the inner wall of the housing have a different number of mixing elements or counter-elements.
  • the cleaning and kneading action can also be varied in this way.
  • the mixing elements or counter-elements can be placed directly on the respective shaft or on the inner wall of the housing, but they are preferably arranged on the shaft on the circumference of disk elements.
  • Mixing or kneading bar shapes are particularly suitable as mixing elements, all possible kneading bars such as within the scope of the invention for example Schnetzler, crust breaker, Klemmer, etc.
  • the individual scraping edges of the respective counter or mixing bar or the edges not required for cleaning can be provided with the clearance angles mentioned above, i.e. they run away from them in relation to the surfaces to be cleaned.
  • the clearance angle can be 3 ° to 45 °, preferably 10 ° to 20 °. This counteracts crust compression and a brake drum effect.
  • An additional process advantage results from the fact that no compression zones arise in the engagement area of the mixed bars of the two shafts. This results in comminution or granulation of a pasty product mass (e.g. during drying or polymerization) without grinding effects, ie there is no fine fraction. This is a particular advantage of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a mixing kneader according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows part of an enlarged longitudinal section through the mixer kneader according to FIG. 1;
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of an inventive mixing element arranged on a shaft
  • Figure 4 shows three views of the mixing element of Figure 3 with corresponding reference lines
  • FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a further exemplary embodiment of a mixing element arranged on a shaft
  • FIG. 6 shows three views of the mixing element according to FIG. 5 with corresponding reference lines
  • FIG. 7 shows three longitudinal sections through a mixing kneader according to the invention, which show the combination of different mixing elements.
  • FIG. 1 there are two shafts 2 and 3 in a mixer housing 1, which run axially parallel to one another and are preferably heated. They turn in the same direction according to arrows 4 and 5.
  • the mixing elements 10 also slide close to the inner surface 8 of the housing part assigned to the shaft 3. Furthermore, parts of the disk elements and mixing elements of both shafts 2 and 3 interlock, i.e. they mesh with one another. The mixing elements are arranged such that they also graze along near the outer surface of the opposite shaft 2 or 3.
  • each ring 11 or 12 can seen alone, be equipped with different mixing elements A and R.
  • the mixing element R used in the "substantially the cleaning of radially extending surfaces, while the mixing element A preferably for cleaning of axially extending surfaces is used.
  • Radially extending surfaces in particular the surfaces of the disc elements 6 and 9.
  • Axially extending surfaces in particular, the housing inner wall 8 and the outer surfaces of waves 2 and 3, respectively.
  • a mixing element for A preferred cleansing is shown of axially extending surfaces ⁇ . It sits on the disc element 6/9 as a mixed bar 13, which is connected to the shaft 2/3. Overall, the mixing bar 13 is approximately triangular. It has a scraping edge 14 which extends axially to the shaft 2/3. At both ends there are rounded corner areas 15.1 and 15.2 which merge into side flanks 16.1 and 16.2 which converge towards one another.
  • the mixing bar 13 is triangular, the mixing bar tapering towards the rear against the direction of movement. Furthermore, the scraping edge 14 is set at an angle, so that a clearance angle that opens against the direction of movement arises in relation to an inner surface 8 or surface of the shaft 2 or 3 to be brushed. As a result, there is no pinching of products to be treated.
  • the mixing bar 13 is shown in FIG. 4 for a better representation of the clearance angles viewed from three sides, the contours of the mixing bar 13 being illustrated by corresponding reference lines.
  • wi can preferably be 15 °, w 2 preferably 20 °.
  • the clearance angle wi is formed between a tangent, applied to the housing inner wall, which extends through the scraping edge 14, while the clearance angle w 2 is formed with respect to a radial which extends between the scraping edge 14 and a shaft axis.
  • a third clearance angle w 3 with a base 27 This can be 25 °, for example.
  • the base 27 extends approximately at right angles to the radial which runs through the center of the base 27.
  • the side flanks 16.1 and 16.2 also form a clearance angle w 4 .
  • the mixing element R for preferred cleaning of radially extending surfaces according to FIG. 5 also sits on a disk element 6/9 and this in turn rests on a shaft 2/3.
  • This mixing element R is of a somewhat Roman shape and has two mutually opposite, approximately radially running edges 17 and 18.
  • the edge 18 is designed as a scraping edge, which is followed by a surface 19 counter to the direction of movement of the mixing element R or towards the rear, which, for example, faces one sweeping disc area includes a not specified clearance angle. This configuration again results in a triangular configuration for the mixing element R in section.
  • An outer edge 20 assigned to the inner surface 8 is also shaped such that only a small central part 21 passes close to the inner surface 8.
  • the side parts 22.1 and 22.2 of the outer edge 20 leading away from the middle part 21 run at an incline or form a clearance angle w6 with respect to the inner surface 8.
  • the operation of the present invention is as follows: When the mixer kneader is operating, a product to be treated is introduced into the mixer housing 1 and treated by rotating the shafts 2 and 3. It can be transported in one housing direction from an inlet to an outlet. At least the shafts 2 and 3 or else the disk elements 6 and 9 are preferably tempered.
  • the product is mixed and kneaded by the mixing elements 7 and 10. Here in 'near cooperating surfaces are also held shears.
  • different mixing bars A and R are provided in a ring 11 and 12 of mixing elements 7 and 10, respectively.
  • four mixing bars A and only one mixing bar R can be provided in the ring 11.
  • the middle arrangement shows a mixing bar R 3 for cleaning radial surfaces, which passes through a mixing space, which is also formed by mixing bars Ri and R 2 for cleaning radial surfaces.
  • a mixing chamber is formed by two mixing bars Ri and R 2 for cleaning radially extending surfaces, which is coated by a mixing bar A for cleaning axially extending surfaces.

Abstract

The invention relates to a mixer-kneading device for carrying out mechanical, chemical and/or thermal processes, consisting of mixing elements (A, R) disposed on a shaft (2, 3), extending approximately in the longitudinal direction of the shaft (2, 3) or being somewhat inclined and comprising at least one scraping edge (14, 18, 21). Said mixer-kneading device is characterised in that clearance angles (w1 - w6) are formed, respectively, in a direction leading away from the scraping edge (14, 18, 21) and which is opposite to the direction of movement of the mixer element.

Description

Radial oder axial reinigende Mischbarren Radial or axial cleaning mixed bars
List AGList AG
Berstelstr. 24Berstelstr. 24
CH-4422 ArisdorfCH-4422 Arisdorf
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Mischkneter zur Durchführung von mechanischen, chemischen und/oder thermischen Prozessen mit Mischelementen an einer Welle, welche in etwa in Längsrichtung der Welle oder etwas schräg angestellt verlaufende Schabkanten aufweisen.The invention relates to a mixer kneader for carrying out mechanical, chemical and / or thermal processes with mixing elements on a shaft which have scraping edges running approximately in the longitudinal direction of the shaft or at a slightly inclined angle.
Derartige Mischkneter dienen sehr vielfältigen Zwecken. Als erstes ist das Eindampfen mit Lösungsmittelrückgewinnung zu erwähnen, welches chargenweise oder kontinuierlich und oft auch unter Vakuum erfolgt. Hierdurch werden beispielsweise Destillationsrückstände und insbesondere Toluoldiisocyanate behandelt, aber auch Produktionsrückstände mit toxischen oder hochsiedenden Lösungsmitteln aus der Chemie und Pharmaproduktion, Waschlösungen und Lack-Schlämme, Polymerlösungen, Elastomerlösungen aus der Lösemittelpolymerisation, Klebstoffe und Dicht ässen. Mit den Apparaten wird ferner eine kontinuierliche oder chargenweise Kontakttroc'knung, Wasser- und/oder lösemittelfeuchter Produkte, oftmals ebenfalls unter Vakuum, durchgeführt. Die Anwendung ist vor allem gedacht für Pigmente, Farbstoffe, Feinchemikalien, Additive, wie Salze, Oxyde, Hydroxyde, Antioxydantien, temperaturempfindliche Pharma- und Vitaminprodukte, Wirkstoffe, Polymere, synthetische Kautschuke, Polymersuspensionen, Latex, Hydrogele, Wachse, Pestizide und Rückstände aus der chemischen oder pharmazeutischen Produktion, wie Salze, Katalysatoren, Schlacken, Ablaugen gedacht. Anwendung finden diese Verfahren auch in der Lebensmittelproduktion, beispielsweise bei der Herstellung und/oder Behandlung von Blockmilch, Zuckeraustauschstoffen, Stärkederivaten, Alginaten, zur Behandlung von Industrieschlämmen, Ölschlämmen, Bioschlämmen, Papierschlämmen, Lackschlämmen und allgemein zur Behandlung von klebrigen, krustenden zähpastösen Produkten, Abfallprodukten und Zellulosederivaten.Mixing kneaders of this type serve a very wide range of purposes. The first thing to mention is evaporation with solvent recovery, which is carried out batchwise or continuously and often under vacuum. As a result, for example, distillation residues and especially toluene diisocyanates are treated, but also production residues with toxic or high-boiling solvents from chemistry and pharmaceutical production, washing solutions and lacquer sludges, polymer solutions, elastomer solutions from solvent polymerization, adhesives and sealants. With the apparatus a continuous or batchwise Kontakttroc is further 'knung, water and / or solvent-moist products, often also under vacuum carried out. The application is primarily intended for pigments, dyes, fine chemicals, additives such as salts, oxides, hydroxides, antioxidants, temperature-sensitive pharmaceutical and vitamin products, active ingredients, polymers, synthetic rubbers, polymer suspensions, latex, hydrogels, waxes, pesticides and residues from the chemical or pharmaceutical production, such as salts, catalysts, slags, leaching. These processes are also used in food production, for example in the production and / or treatment of block milk, sugar substitutes, starch derivatives, alginates, for the treatment of industrial sludges, oil sludges, bio-sludges, paper sludges, paint sludge and generally for the treatment of sticky, crusty, viscous paste products, waste products and cellulose derivatives.
In Mischknetern kann ein Entgasen und/oder Devolatilisieren stattfinden. Angewendet wird dies auf Polymerschmelzen, auf Spinnlösungen für synthetische Fasern und auf Polymeroder Elastomergranulate bzw -pulver im festen Zustand.Degassing and / or devolatilization can take place in mixing kneaders. This is applied to polymer melts, to spinning solutions for synthetic fibers and to polymer or elastomer granules or powder in the solid state.
In einem Mischkneter kann eine Polykondensationsreaktion, meist kontinuierlich und meist in der Schmelze, stattfinden und wird vor allem verwendet bei der Behandlung von Polyamiden, Polyester, Polyacetaten, Polyimide, Thermoplaste, Elastomere, Silikone, Harnstoffharze, Phenolharze, Detergentien und Düngemittel.A polycondensation reaction, usually continuous and mostly in the melt, can take place in a mixing kneader and is mainly used in the treatment of polyamides, polyesters, polyacetates, polyimides, thermoplastics, elastomers, silicones, urea resins, phenolic resins, detergents and fertilizers.
Stattfinden kann auch eine Polymerisationsreaktion, ebenfalls meist kontinuierlich. Dies wird angewendet auf Polyakrylate, Hydrogele, Polyole, thermoplastische Polymere, Elastomere, syndiotaktisches Polystyrol und Polyacrylamide.A polymerization reaction can also take place, usually also continuously. This is applied to polyacrylates, hydrogels, polyols, thermoplastic Polymers, elastomers, syndiotactic polystyrene and polyacrylamides.
Ganz allgemein können im Mischkneter Reaktionen fest-/ flüssig und mehrphasige Reaktionen stattfinden. Dies gilt vor allem für Backreaktionen, bei der Behandlung von Flusssäure, Stearaten, Zyanaten, Polyphosphaten, Cyanursäuren, Zellulosederivaten, -ester, -äther, Polyacetalharzen, Sulfanilsäuren, Cu-Phthalocyaninen, Stärkederivaten, Ammoniumpolyphosphaten, Sulfonaten, Pestiziden und Düngemittel.In general, solid / liquid and multiphase reactions can take place in the mixer. This applies above all to baking reactions in the treatment of hydrofluoric acid, stearates, cyanates, polyphosphates, cyanuric acids, cellulose derivatives, esters, ethers, polyacetal resins, sulfanilic acids, Cu phthalocyanines, starch derivatives, ammonium polyphosphates, sulfonates, pesticides and fertilizers.
Des weiteren können Reaktionen fest-/gasförmig (z.B. Karboxylierung) oder flüssig-/gasförmig stattfinden.. Angewendet wird dies bei der Behandlung von Acetaten, Aciden, Kolbe-Schmitt-Reaktionen, z.B. BON, Na-Salicylaten, Parahydroxibenzoaten und Pharmaprodukten.Furthermore, reactions can take place in solid / gaseous form (e.g. carboxylation) or liquid / gaseous form. This is used in the treatment of acetates, acids, Kolbe-Schmitt reactions, e.g. BON, Na salicylates, parahydroxibenzoates and pharmaceutical products.
Reaktionen flüssig-/flüssig erfolgen bei Neutralisationsreaktionen und Umesterungsreaktionen.Liquid / liquid reactions take place during neutralization reactions and transesterification reactions.
Ein Lösen und/oder Entgasen in derartigen Mischknetern findet bei Spinnlösungen für synthetische Fasern, Polyamiden, Polyester und Zellulosen statt.Dissolving and / or degassing in such mixing kneaders takes place in spinning solutions for synthetic fibers, polyamides, polyesters and celluloses.
Ein sogenanntes Flushen findet bei der Behandlung bzw. Herstellung von Pigmenten statt.A so-called flushing takes place during the treatment or production of pigments.
Eine Solid-State- Nachkondensation findet bei der Herstellung bzw. Behandlung von Polyester und Polyamiden statt, ein kontinuierliches Anmaischen z.B. bei der Behandlung von Fasern, z.B. Zellulosefasern mit Lösungsmitteln, eine Kristallisation aus der Schmelze oder aus Lösungen bei der Behandlung von Salzen, Feinchemikalien, Polyolen, Alkoholaten, ein Compoundieren, Mischen (kontinuierlich und/oder chargenweise) bei Polymeren-Mischungen, Silikonmassen, Dichtmassen, Flugasche, ein Coagulieren (insbesondere kontinuierlich) bei der Behandlung von Polymersuspensionen.Solid-state post-condensation takes place in the production or treatment of polyester and polyamides, continuous mashing, for example in the treatment of fibers, for example cellulose fibers with solvents, crystallization from the melt or from solutions in the treatment of salts, fine chemicals, Polyols, alcoholates, compounding, Mixing (continuously and / or in batches) in the case of polymer mixtures, silicone compositions, sealing compositions, fly ash, coagulation (in particular continuously) in the treatment of polymer suspensions.
In einem Mischkneter können auch multifunktionale Prozesse kombiniert werden, beispielsweise Erhitzen, Trocknen, Schmelzen, Kristallisieren, Mischen, Entgasen, Reagieren - dies alles kontinuierlich oder chargenweise. Hergestellt bzw. behandelt werden dadurch Polymere, Elastomere, anorganische Produkte, Rückstände, Pharmaprodukte, Lebensmittelprodukte, Druckfarben.Multifunctional processes can also be combined in a mixer kneader, for example heating, drying, melting, crystallizing, mixing, degassing, reacting - all of this continuously or in batches. This produces or treats polymers, elastomers, inorganic products, residues, pharmaceutical products, food products, printing inks.
In*.-- Mischknetern kann auch eine Nakuumsublάmation/ Desublimation stattfinden, wodurch chemische Vorprodukte, z.B. Anthrachinon, Metallchloride, metallorganische Verbindungen usw. gereinigt werden. Ferner können pharmazeutische Zwischenprodukte hergestellt werden.A vacuum sublimation / desublimation can also take place in * - kneaders, whereby chemical precursors, e.g. Anthraquinone, metal chlorides, organometallic compounds, etc. can be cleaned. Pharmaceutical intermediates can also be produced.
Eine kontinuierliche Trägergas-Desublimation findet z.B. bei organischen Zwischenprodukten, z.B. Anthrachinon und Feinchemikalien statt.Continuous carrier gas desublimation takes place e.g. organic intermediates, e.g. Anthraquinone and fine chemicals instead.
Mischkneter können ein- oder zweiwellig sein, gleichsinnig oder gegensinnig mit gleicher oder verschiedener Drehzahl drehen.Mixing kneaders can be single or double-shaft, turn in the same direction or in opposite directions at the same or different speed.
Ein Mischkneter der oben genannten Art ist beispielsweise aus der EP 0 517 068 Bl bekannt. Bei ihm drehen in einem Mischergehäuse zwei achsparallel verlaufende Wellen entweder gegensinnig oder gleichsinnig. Dabei wirken auf Scheibenelementen aufgesetzte Mischbarren miteinander. Neben der Funktion des Mischens haben die Mischbarren die Aufgabe, produktberührte Flächen des Mischergehäuses, der Wellen und der Scheibenelemente möglichst gut zu reinigen und damit ungemischte Zonen zu vermeiden. Insbesondere bei stark kompaktierenden, aushärtenden und krustenden Produkten führt die Randgängigkeit der Mischbarren zu hohen örtlichen mechanischen Belastungen der Mischbarren und der Wellen. Diese Kraftspitzen treten insbesondere beim Eingriff der Mischbarren in denjenigen Zonen auf, wo das Produkt schlecht ausweichen kann. Solche Zonen sind z.B. dort gegeben, wo die Scheibenelemente auf der Welle aufgesetzt sind.A mixer kneader of the type mentioned above is known for example from EP 0 517 068 B1. With it, two axially parallel shafts rotate either in opposite directions or in the same direction in a mixer housing. Mixed bars placed on disc elements work together. In addition to the function of mixing, the mixing bars have the task of cleaning the surfaces of the mixer housing, the shafts and the disc elements that come into contact with the product as well as possible and thus avoid unmixed zones. Particularly in the case of highly compacting, hardening and crusting products, the fact that the mixed bars are marginal leads to high local mechanical loads on the mixed bars and the shafts. These force peaks occur in particular when the mixed bars engage in those zones where the product is difficult to avoid. Such zones exist, for example, where the disk elements are placed on the shaft.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Mischkneter der oben genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem die Reinigungswirkung aufrecht erhalten bleibt, jedoch die Belastung der Mischbarren bzw. der Wellen vermindert wird.The present invention has for its object to provide a mixer kneader of the type mentioned above, in which the cleaning effect is maintained, but the load on the mixer bars or the shafts is reduced.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe führt, dass jeweils von den Schabkanten weg entgegen der Bewegungsrichtung des Mischelements Freiwinkel ausgebildet sind.To achieve this object, clearance angles are formed in each case away from the scraping edges against the direction of movement of the mixing element.
Unter Freiwinkel wird verstanden, dass an die jeweilige Schabkante eine Fläche mit einem sich gegenüber der zu reinigenden Fläche öffnenden Winkel anschliesst. Das Mischelement verjüngt sich quasi gegen die Bewegungsrichtung.Clear angle is understood to mean that a surface with an angle that opens towards the surface to be cleaned adjoins the respective scraping edge. The mixing element tapers against the direction of movement.
Die Freiwinkel verlaufen im Verhältnis zu den zu reinigenden Flächen von diesen weg. Der Freiwinkel kann dabei 3° bis 45° vorzugsweise 10° bis 20° betragen. Hierdurch wird einer Verdichtung von Krusten und einem Bremstrommeleffekt entgegengewirkt .The clearance angles run away from them in relation to the surfaces to be cleaned. The clearance angle can be 3 ° to 45 °, preferably 10 ° to 20 °. This counteracts crust compression and a brake drum effect.
Die Mischelemente können direkt auf die Welle aufgesetzt sein, bevorzugt sind sie jedoch auf dem Umfang von Scheibenelementen angeordnet, die wiederum auf die Wellen aufgesetzt sind. Als Mischelemente kommen vor allem Mischbzw. Knetbarrenformen in Betracht, wobei im Rahmen der Erfindung alle möglichen Knetbarren wie beispielsweise Schnetzler, Krustenbrecher, Klemmer usw. liegen.The mixing elements can be placed directly on the shaft, but they are preferably arranged on the circumference of disk elements, which in turn are on the shafts are put on. As mixing elements come especially mixing or Kneading bar shapes into consideration, all possible kneading bars such as chopper, crust breaker, clamp, etc. being within the scope of the invention.
Ein zusätzlicher Verfahrensvorteil ergibt sich dadurch, dass im Eingriffsbereich der Mischbarren von zwei Wellen keine Kompressionszonen entstehen. Daraus resultiert eine Zerkleinerung oder Granulierung einer pastösen Produktmasse (z. B. während einer Trockung oder einer Polymerisation) ohne Mahleffekte, d. h., es entsteht kein Feinanteil. Dies ist ein besonderer Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung.An additional process advantage results from the fact that no compression zones arise in the engagement area of the mixed bars of two shafts. This results in comminution or granulation of a pasty product mass (e.g. during drying or polymerization) without grinding effects, i.e. that is, there is no fine fraction. This is a particular advantage of the present invention.
Derartige erfindungsgemässe Mischelemente sollen bei allen bekannten ein- oder zweiwelligen Mischkneter, die gleichsinnig oder gegensinnig, mit gleicher oder unterschiedlicher Drehzahl usw. drehen, anwendbar sein. Die Erfindung ist in diesem Sinne nicht beschränkt.Such mixing elements according to the invention should be applicable to all known single-shaft or twin-shaft mixer kneaders which rotate in the same direction or in the opposite direction, at the same or different speed, etc. The invention is not limited in this sense.
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel, für das aber auch selbständig unabhängig von den Freiwinkeln Schutz begehrt wird, soll mindestens ein Mischelement eines Kranzes im wesentlichen nur radial ausgerichtete und die anderen Mischelemente eines Kranzes im wesentlichen axial ausgerichtete Schabkanten aufweisen, oder umgekehrt.In one embodiment, for which protection is also sought independently of the clearance angles, at least one mixing element of a ring should have only radially oriented scraping edges and the other mixing elements of a ring essentially axially oriented scraping edges, or vice versa.
Das bedeutet, dass die Mischbarren bzw. Gegenelemente eines Kranzes sich die Aufgabe der Reinigung untereinander aufteilen, so dass nicht jeder Mischbarren sowohl axial als auch radial verlaufende Flächen abreinigt. Hierdurch wird die Kraftaufnahme der Wellen für das Drehen vermindert und Kraftspitzen abgebaut, andererseits die Reinigungswirkung nicht vermindert . Als weiteren Vorteil der unterschiedlichen Mischbarren auf einem Kranz bzw. an einer Gehäuseinnenwand resultieren jeweils im Eingriffsbereich mit den anderen Mischbarren unterschiedlich ausgestaltete Mischräume, die zu einer zusätzlichen Misch- und Zerteilwirkung der Produkte führen.This means that the mixing bars or counter elements of a ring divide the task of cleaning among themselves, so that not every mixing bar cleans both axially and radially extending surfaces. As a result, the force absorption of the shafts for turning is reduced and force peaks are reduced, on the other hand the cleaning effect is not reduced. As a further advantage of the different mixing bars on a rim or on an inner wall of the housing, different mixing spaces result in the area of engagement with the other mixing bars, which lead to an additional mixing and dividing effect of the products.
Sind zwei Wellen vorgesehen rotieren die Wellen bevorzugt mit unterschiedlichen Drehzahlen, was bedeutet, dass die Mischbarren beim Drehen laufend die Spur wechseln und so eine Behandlung von unterschiedlichen Bereichen insbesondere auf den Scheibenelementen und den Wellenoberflächen stattfindet. Hinzu kommt, dass bevorzugt die unterschiedliche Drehzahl nicht ganzzahlig ist. Durch die Wahl eines nicht ganzzahligen Drehzahlverhältnisses ergibt sich, dass alle Mischbarren der einen Welle zeitlich versetzt auf der anderen Welle exakt die gleiche Eingriffsspur hinterlassen, so dass auch beim Weglassen einzelner Mischbarren ein vollständiges Bestreichen der anderen Welle gewährleistet ist.If two shafts are provided, the shafts preferably rotate at different speeds, which means that the mixing bars constantly change lanes during rotation and so treatment of different areas takes place, in particular on the disk elements and the shaft surfaces. In addition, the different speed is preferably not an integer. By choosing a non-integer speed ratio, it results that all mixed bars of one shaft leave the same engagement track on the other shaft at different times, so that even if individual mixed bars are omitted, complete brushing of the other shaft is guaranteed.
In einem weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung sollen auf der gleichen Welle benachbarte und/oder auch auf sich gegenüberliegenden Wellen bzw. an der Gehäuseinnenwand miteinander kämmende Kränze eine unterschiedliche Anzahl 'an Mischelementen bzw. Gegenelemente aufweisen. Auch hierdurch kann die Reinigungs- und Knetwirkung variiert werden.In a further preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, adjoining wreaths on the same shaft and / or also on opposing shafts or meshing with one another on the inner wall of the housing have a different number of mixing elements or counter-elements. The cleaning and kneading action can also be varied in this way.
Die Mischelemente bzw. Gegenelemente können direkt auf die jeweilige Welle bzw. auf der Gehäuseinnenwand aufgesetzt sein, bevorzugt sind sie jedoch auf der Welle auf dem Umfang von Scheibenelementen angeordnet. Als Mischelemente kommen vor allem Misch- bzw. Knetbarrenformen in Betracht, wobei im Rahmen der Erfindung alle möglichen Knetbarren wie beispielsweise Schnetzler, Krustenbrecher, Klemmer usw. liegen.The mixing elements or counter-elements can be placed directly on the respective shaft or on the inner wall of the housing, but they are preferably arranged on the shaft on the circumference of disk elements. Mixing or kneading bar shapes are particularly suitable as mixing elements, all possible kneading bars such as within the scope of the invention for example Schnetzler, crust breaker, Klemmer, etc.
Die einzelnen Schabkanten des jeweiligen Gegen- bzw. Mischbarrens bzw. auch die zum Reinigen nicht benötigten Kanten können mit den oben erwähnten Freiwinkeln versehen sein, d.h. sie verlaufen im Verhältnis zu den zu reinigenden Flächen von diesen weg. Der Freiwinkel kann dabei 3° bis 45° vorzugsweise 10° bis 20° betragen. Hierdurch wird einer Verdichtung von Krusten und einem Bremstrommeleffekt entgegengewirkt .The individual scraping edges of the respective counter or mixing bar or the edges not required for cleaning can be provided with the clearance angles mentioned above, i.e. they run away from them in relation to the surfaces to be cleaned. The clearance angle can be 3 ° to 45 °, preferably 10 ° to 20 °. This counteracts crust compression and a brake drum effect.
Ein zusätzlicher Verfahrensvorteil ergibt sich dadurch, dass im Eingriffsbereich der Mischbarren der beiden Wellen keine Kompressionszonen entstehen. Daraus resultiert eine Zerkleinerung oder Granulierung einer pastösen Produktmasse (z. B. während einer Trockung oder einer Polymerisation) ohne Mahleffekte, d. h., es entsteht kein Feinanteil. Dies ist ein besonderer Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung. An additional process advantage results from the fact that no compression zones arise in the engagement area of the mixed bars of the two shafts. This results in comminution or granulation of a pasty product mass (e.g. during drying or polymerization) without grinding effects, ie there is no fine fraction. This is a particular advantage of the present invention.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der Zeichnung; diese zeigt inFurther advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments and from the drawing; this shows in
Figur 1 einen Querschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemässen Mischkneter;1 shows a cross section through a mixing kneader according to the invention;
Figur 2 einen Teil eines vergrössert dargestellten Längsschnitts durch den Mischkneter ge äss Figur 1;FIG. 2 shows part of an enlarged longitudinal section through the mixer kneader according to FIG. 1;
Figur 3 eine Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemässes, an einer Welle angeordnetes Mischelement;Figure 3 is a plan view of an inventive mixing element arranged on a shaft;
Figur 4 drei Aussichten des Mischelementes nach Figur 3 mit entsprechenden Bezugslinien;Figure 4 shows three views of the mixing element of Figure 3 with corresponding reference lines;
Figur 5 eine Draufsicht auf ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines an einer Welle angeordneten Mischelementes;FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a further exemplary embodiment of a mixing element arranged on a shaft;
Figur 6 drei Aussichten des Mischelementes nach Figur 5 mit entsprechenden Bezugslinien;FIG. 6 shows three views of the mixing element according to FIG. 5 with corresponding reference lines;
Figur 7 drei Längsschnitte durch einen erfindungsgemässen Mischkneter, welche die Kombination unterschiedlicher Mischelemente zeigen.7 shows three longitudinal sections through a mixing kneader according to the invention, which show the combination of different mixing elements.
Gemäss Figur 1 befinden sich in einem Mischergehäuse 1 zwei Wellen 2 und 3, die achsparallel zueinander verlaufen und bevorzugt beheizt werden. Sie drehen dabei entsprechend den Pfeilen 4 und 5 gleichsinnig.According to FIG. 1, there are two shafts 2 and 3 in a mixer housing 1, which run axially parallel to one another and are preferably heated. They turn in the same direction according to arrows 4 and 5.
Auf der Welle 2 sitzen axial beabstandet Scheibenelemente 6 auf, auf deren Umfang Mischelemente 7 verteilt angeordnet sind. Diese Mischelemente 7 bewegen sich in geringem Abstand an einer Innenfläche 8 des Mischergehäuses 1 entlang.On the shaft 2 there are axially spaced disk elements 6, on the circumference of which mixing elements 7 are arranged are. These mixing elements 7 move along a small distance along an inner surface 8 of the mixer housing 1.
Auch auf der Welle 3 sitzen axial beabstandet Scheibenelemente 9 auf, auf deren äusserem Umfang verteilt Mischelemente 10 angeordnet sind. Erkennbar ist, dass sich auf den Scheibenelementen 9 der Welle 3 vier Mischelemente 10 befinden, während den Scheibenelementen 6 der Welle 2 fünf Mischelemente zugeordnet sind.Also on the shaft 3 are axially spaced disk elements 9, on the outer circumference of which mixing elements 10 are arranged. It can be seen that there are four mixing elements 10 on the disk elements 9 of the shaft 3, while five mixing elements are assigned to the disk elements 6 of the shaft 2.
Auch die Mischelemente 10 gleiten nahe der Innenfläche 8 des der Welle 3 zugeordneten Gehäuseteils entlang. Ferner greifen Teile der Scheibenelemente und Mischelemente beider Wellen 2 und 3 ineinander, d.h., sie kämmen miteinander. Die Mischelemente sind dabei so angeordnet, dass sie auch jeweils nahe der äusseren Oberfläche der gegenüberliegenden Welle 2 bzw. 3 entlang streifen.The mixing elements 10 also slide close to the inner surface 8 of the housing part assigned to the shaft 3. Furthermore, parts of the disk elements and mixing elements of both shafts 2 and 3 interlock, i.e. they mesh with one another. The mixing elements are arranged such that they also graze along near the outer surface of the opposite shaft 2 or 3.
Wie in Figur 1 und 2 erkennbar, bilden jeweils vier bzw. fünf Mischelemente 7 bzw. 10, die in einer Ebene um die jeweilige Welle 2 bzw. 3 angeordnet sind, einen Kranz 11 bzw. 12. Jeder Kranz 11 bzw. 12 kann, für sich gesehen, mit unterschiedlichen Mischelementen A und R ausgestattet sein. Das Mischelement R dient im" wesentlichen der Abreinigung von radial verlaufenden Flächen, während das Mischelement A bevorzugt zum Abreinigen von axial verlaufenden Flächen verwendet wird. Radial verlaufende Flächen sind insbesondere die Flächen der Scheibenelemente 6 bzw. 9. Axial verlaufende Flächen sind insbesondere die Gehäuseinnenwand 8 und die Aussenflachen der Wellen 2 bzw. 3.As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, four or five mixing elements 7 or 10, which are arranged in a plane around the respective shaft 2 or 3, form a ring 11 or 12. Each ring 11 or 12 can seen alone, be equipped with different mixing elements A and R. The mixing element R used in the "substantially the cleaning of radially extending surfaces, while the mixing element A preferably for cleaning of axially extending surfaces is used. Radially extending surfaces in particular the surfaces of the disc elements 6 and 9. Axially extending surfaces in particular, the housing inner wall 8 and the outer surfaces of waves 2 and 3, respectively.
In Figur 3 ist ι ein Mischelement A zum bevorzugten Abreinigen von axial verlaufenden Flächen dargestellt. Es sitzt als Mischbarren 13 auf dem Scheibenelement 6/9 auf, welches mit der Welle 2/3 verbunden ist. Insgesamt ist der Mischbarren 13 in etwa dreiecksförmig ausgestaltet. Er besitzt eine Schabkante 14, welche axial zu der Welle 2/3 verläuft. An beiden Enden befinden sich abgerundete Eckbereiche 15.1 und 15.2, welche in Seitenflanken 16.1 und 16.2 übergehen, die aufeinander zulaufen.In Figure 3, a mixing element for A preferred cleansing is shown of axially extending surfaces ι. It sits on the disc element 6/9 as a mixed bar 13, which is connected to the shaft 2/3. Overall, the mixing bar 13 is approximately triangular. It has a scraping edge 14 which extends axially to the shaft 2/3. At both ends there are rounded corner areas 15.1 and 15.2 which merge into side flanks 16.1 and 16.2 which converge towards one another.
Auch im Schnitt gesehen ist der Mischbarren 13 dreiecksförmig aufgebaut, wobei sich der Mischbarren insgesamt entgegen der Bewegungsrichtung nach hinten verjüngt. Ferner ist die Schabekante 14 schräg angestellt, so dass gegenüber einer zu bestreichenden Innenfläche 8 bzw. Oberfläche der Welle 2 bzw. 3 ein entgegen der Bewegungsrichtung sich öffnender Freiwinkel entsteht. Hierdurch findet kein Einklemmen von zu behandelnden Produkten statt.Also seen in section, the mixing bar 13 is triangular, the mixing bar tapering towards the rear against the direction of movement. Furthermore, the scraping edge 14 is set at an angle, so that a clearance angle that opens against the direction of movement arises in relation to an inner surface 8 or surface of the shaft 2 or 3 to be brushed. As a result, there is no pinching of products to be treated.
Der Mischbarren 13 ist in Figur 4 zur besseren Darstellung der Freiwinkel von drei Seiten her gesehen gezeigt, wobei die Konturen des Mischbarrens 13 durch entsprechende Bezugslinien verdeutlicht sind.The mixing bar 13 is shown in FIG. 4 for a better representation of the clearance angles viewed from three sides, the contours of the mixing bar 13 being illustrated by corresponding reference lines.
In der Darstellung rechts oben ist erkennbar, dass von der Schabkante 14 zwei Freiwinkel Wi und w2 weg verlaufen, wi kann bevorzugt 15°, w2 bevorzugt 20° betragen.In the illustration at the top right it can be seen that two clearance angles Wi and w 2 run away from the scraping edge 14, wi can preferably be 15 °, w 2 preferably 20 °.
Der Freiwinkel wi wird bezogen auf die Darstellung gemäss Figur 1 zwischen einer Tangente, an die Gehäuseinnenwand angelegt, gebildet, welche durch die Schabkante 14 verläuft, während der Freiwinkel w2 gegenüber einer Radialen ausgebildet wird, die zwischen der Schabkante 14 und einer Wellenachse verläuft.1, the clearance angle wi is formed between a tangent, applied to the housing inner wall, which extends through the scraping edge 14, while the clearance angle w 2 is formed with respect to a radial which extends between the scraping edge 14 and a shaft axis.
Zwischen den entsprechenden Flächen 24 und 25, welche jeweils die Freiwinkel wi und w2 mit der Tangentien bzw. Radialen ausbildet, verläuft eine weitere Fläche 26, welche mit einer Basis 27 einen dritten Freiwinkel w3 ausbildet. Dieser kann bspw. 25° betragen. Die Basis 27 verläuft in etwa rechtwinklig zur Radialen, welche durch die Mitte der Basis 27 verläuft.Between the corresponding surfaces 24 and 25, which respectively define the clearance angles wi and w 2 with the tangents or Forms radial, another surface 26 runs, which forms a third clearance angle w 3 with a base 27. This can be 25 °, for example. The base 27 extends approximately at right angles to the radial which runs through the center of the base 27.
Auch die Seitenflanken 16.1 und 16.2 bilden einen Freiwinkel w4. Das gleiche gilt für kleine seitliche Flächen im Anschluss an die Schabkante 14, die ebenfalls einen Freiwinkel w5 ausbilden.The side flanks 16.1 and 16.2 also form a clearance angle w 4 . The same applies to small lateral surfaces following the scraping edge 14, which also form a clearance angle w 5 .
Das Mischelement R zum bevorzugten Abreinigen von radial verlaufenden Flächen gemäss Figur 5 sitzt ebenfalls auf einem Scheibenelement 6/9 und dieses wiederum auf einer Welle 2/3 auf. Dieses Mischelement R ist eher rombisch ausgebildet und besitzt zwei sich gegenüberliegende etwa radial verlaufende Kanten 17 und 18. Die Kante 18 ist als Schabkante ausgebildet, auf die entgegen der Bewegungsrichtung des Mischelementes R bzw. nach hinten eine Fläche 19 folgt, die gegenüber beispielsweise einer zu bestreichenden Scheibenfläche einen nicht bezeichneten Freiwinkel einschliesst . Durch diese Ausgestaltung ergibt sich für das Mischelement R im Schnitt wieder eine dreiecksförmige Ausgestaltung.The mixing element R for preferred cleaning of radially extending surfaces according to FIG. 5 also sits on a disk element 6/9 and this in turn rests on a shaft 2/3. This mixing element R is of a somewhat Roman shape and has two mutually opposite, approximately radially running edges 17 and 18. The edge 18 is designed as a scraping edge, which is followed by a surface 19 counter to the direction of movement of the mixing element R or towards the rear, which, for example, faces one sweeping disc area includes a not specified clearance angle. This configuration again results in a triangular configuration for the mixing element R in section.
Auch eine der Innenfläche 8 zugeordnete Aussenkante 20 ist so geformt, dass nur ein geringer Mittelteil 21 nahe der Innenfläche 8 vorbei streift. Dagegen verlaufen die vom Mittelteil 21 wegführenden Seitenteile 22.1 und 22.2 der Aussenkante 20 in einer Schräge bzw. bilden einen Freiwinkel w6 gegenüber der Innenfläche 8.An outer edge 20 assigned to the inner surface 8 is also shaped such that only a small central part 21 passes close to the inner surface 8. In contrast, the side parts 22.1 and 22.2 of the outer edge 20 leading away from the middle part 21 run at an incline or form a clearance angle w6 with respect to the inner surface 8.
Die Funktionsweise der vorliegenden Erfindung ist folgende: Beim Betrieb des Mischkneters wird ein zu behandelndes Produkt in das Mischergehäuse 1 eingefüllt und durch Drehen der Wellen 2 und 3 behandelt. Dabei kann es in eine Gehäuserichtung von einem Einlass zu einem Auslass transportiert werden. Bevorzugt sind zumindest die Wellen 2 und 3 oder aber auch die Scheibenelemente 6 und 9 temperiert.The operation of the present invention is as follows: When the mixer kneader is operating, a product to be treated is introduced into the mixer housing 1 and treated by rotating the shafts 2 and 3. It can be transported in one housing direction from an inlet to an outlet. At least the shafts 2 and 3 or else the disk elements 6 and 9 are preferably tempered.
Durch die Mischelemente 7 und 10 wird das Produkt gemischt und geknetet. Dabei finden in' der Nähe von zusammenwirkenden Flächen auch Scherungen statt.The product is mixed and kneaded by the mixing elements 7 and 10. Here in 'near cooperating surfaces are also held shears.
Erfindungsgemäss sind in einem Kranz 11 bzw. 12 von Mischelementen 7 bzw. 10 unterschiedliche Mischbarren A bzw. R vorgesehen. Beispielsweise können bei dem Kranz 11 vier Mischbarren A und nur ein Mischbarren R vorgesehen sein. Das bedeutet, dass nur der Mischbarren R die radial verlaufenden Flächen, d.h., die Scheibenflächen reinigt, während die Mischbarren A die Reinigung der axial verlaufenden Innenflächen 8 und Wellenoberflächen , übernehmen. Dementsprechend ist die Kraftaufnahme für das Drehen der Wellen 2 bzw. 3 wesentlich vermindert. Dennoch findet eine komplette Reinigung aller radial und axial verlaufenden Flächen statt, da die Wellen mit unterschiedlicher Drehzahl rotieren,' bevorzugt mit einem nicht ganzzahligen Drehzahlverhältnis, so dass die Mischbarren bei jeder Umdrehung die Spur wechseln. Hierdurch wird die Reinigung des Gehäuses, der Welle und der Scheiben auf der Welle auf verschiedene Mischbarren aufgeteilt, so dass es zu einer erheblichen Reduktion des Drehmomentes und der Kraftspitzen kommt.According to the invention, different mixing bars A and R are provided in a ring 11 and 12 of mixing elements 7 and 10, respectively. For example, four mixing bars A and only one mixing bar R can be provided in the ring 11. This means that only the mixing bar R cleans the radially extending surfaces, i.e. the disc surfaces, while the mixing bar A takes over the cleaning of the axially extending inner surfaces 8 and shaft surfaces. Accordingly, the force absorption for rotating the shafts 2 and 3 is significantly reduced. Nevertheless, a complete cleaning of all radial and axial surfaces takes place, since the shafts rotate at different speeds, 'preferably with a non-integer speed ratio, so that the mixing bars change lane with every rotation. As a result, the cleaning of the housing, the shaft and the disks on the shaft is divided into various mixed bars, so that there is a considerable reduction in the torque and the force peaks.
In Figur 7 ist erkennbar, dass verschiendene Möglichkeiten der Kombination der Mischbarren A und R vorgesehen sein können. Drei Kombinationen sind gezeigt. In der ersten Kombination fährt ein Mischbarren A3 durch einen Mischraum, der von zwei ebenfalls für das Abreinigen von axialen Flächen verantwortlichen Mischbarren Ai und A gebildet wird.It can be seen in FIG. 7 that various possibilities of combining the mixed bars A and R can be provided. Three combinations are shown. In the first Combination drives a mixing bars A 3 by a mixing chamber, the two responsible also for the cleansing of surfaces axial mixing bars Ai and A is formed.
Die mittlere Anordnung zeigt einen Mischbarren R3 zum Abreinigen von radial verlaufenden Flächen, der durch einen Mischraum fährt, der ebenfalls von Mischbarren Ri und R2 zum Abreinigen von radial verlaufenden Flächen gebildet wird.The middle arrangement shows a mixing bar R 3 for cleaning radial surfaces, which passes through a mixing space, which is also formed by mixing bars Ri and R 2 for cleaning radial surfaces.
Im unteren Beispiel wird dagegen ein Mischraum von zwei Mischbarren Ri und R2 zum Abreinigen von radial verlaufenden Flächen gebildet, der von einem Mischbarren A zum Abreinigen von axial verlaufenden Flächen bestrichen wird. In the example below, on the other hand, a mixing chamber is formed by two mixing bars Ri and R 2 for cleaning radially extending surfaces, which is coated by a mixing bar A for cleaning axially extending surfaces.
DR. PETER WEISS & DIPL.-ING. Ä. BRECHTDR. PETER WEISS & DIPL.-ING. Ä. BRECHT
Patentanwältepatent attorneys
European Patent AttorneyEuropean Patent Attorney
Aktenzeichen: P 2597/PCT Datum: 10.04.02Case number: P 2597 / PCT Date: April 10, 2002
PositionszahlenlistePosition Number List

Claims

P a te n t a n s p r ü c h e P a te n t a n s r u c h e
Mischkneter zur Durchführung von mechanischen, chemischen und/oder thermischen Prozessen mit Mischelementen (A, R) an. einer Welle (2, 3) , welche in etwa in Längsrichtung der Welle (2, 3) oder etwas schräg angestellt verlaufen und zumindest eine Schabkante (14, 18, 21) aufweisen,Mixing kneader for performing mechanical, chemical and / or thermal processes with mixing elements (A, R). a shaft (2, 3) which runs approximately in the longitudinal direction of the shaft (2, 3) or is positioned somewhat obliquely and has at least one scraping edge (14, 18, 21),
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass jeweils von der Schabkante (14, 18, 21) weg entgegen der Bewegungsrichtung des Mischelementes Freiwinkel (wi - w6) ausgebildet sind.that clearance angles (wi - w 6 ) are formed away from the scraping edge (14, 18, 21) against the direction of movement of the mixing element.
Mischkneter zur Durchführung von mechanischen, chemischen und/oder thermischen Prozessen mit mindestens -einer rotierenden Welle (2, 3), auf welcher Mischelemente (7, 10, A, R) aufsitzen, die mit statischen und/oder dynamischen Gegenelementen zusammenwirken, wobei mehrere Mischelemente (7, 10, A, R) und/oder Gegenelemente zu axial beabstandeten Kränzen (11, 12) auf ' der Welle (2, "3) und/oder an einer Gehäuseinnenwand zusammengefasst sind, welche sich gegenseitig kämmen, wobei sie radial und axial ausgerichtete Flächen mit Schabkanten (14, 18) abreinigen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Mischelement (R) eines Kranzes (11, 12) im wesentlichen nur radial (18) ausgerichtete und die anderen Mischelemente (A) eines Kranzes (12, 11) im wesentlichen axial (14) ausgerichtete Schabkanten aufweisen, oder umgekehrt. Mixing kneader for performing mechanical, chemical and / or thermal processes with at least one rotating shaft (2, 3) on which mixing elements (7, 10, A, R) are seated, which interact with static and / or dynamic counter-elements, several mixing elements (7, 10, a, R) and / or counter elements axially spaced rings (11, 12) to 'the shaft (2,' 3) and / or are combined in a housing inner wall, which mesh with each other, being radially and clean axially aligned surfaces with scraping edges (14, 18), characterized in that at least one mixing element (R) of a ring (11, 12) is essentially only radially (18) oriented and the other mixing elements (A) of a ring (12, 11) have essentially axially (14) aligned scraping edges, or vice versa.
3. Mischkneter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wellen (2, 3) mit unterschiedlichen Drehzahlen rotieren.3. Mixing kneader according to claim 2, characterized in that the shafts (2, 3) rotate at different speeds.
4. Mischkneter nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die unterschiedliche Drehzahl nicht ganzzahlig ist.4. Mixing kneader according to claim 3, characterized in that the different speed is not an integer.
5. Mischkneter nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wellen (2, 3) gleichsinnig rotieren.5. Mixing kneader according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the shafts (2, 3) rotate in the same direction.
6. Mischkneter nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf der gleichen Welle (2, 3) benachbarte und/oder auf sich gegenüberliegenden Wellen miteinander kämmende Kränze (11, 12) eine unterschiedliche Anzahl an Mischelementen (7, 10) aufweisen.6. Mixing kneader according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that on the same shaft (2, 3) adjacent and / or on opposite shafts intermeshing rings (11, 12) a different number of mixing elements (7, 10) exhibit.
7. Mischkneter nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 2 bis7. Mixing kneader according to at least one of claims 2 to
6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mischelement (7, 10) als Barren auf einem Umfang eines Scheibenelementes (6, 9) aufgesetzt ist.6, characterized in that the mixing element (7, 10) is placed as an ingot on a circumference of a disc element (6, 9).
8. Mischkneter nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis8. Mixing kneader according to at least one of claims 1 to
7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die jeweils nicht zum Reinigen benötigten Kanten (16.1, 16.2, 20) mit den Freiwinkeln versehen sind.7, characterized in that the edges (16.1, 16.2, 20) not required for cleaning are provided with the clearance angles.
9. Mischkneter nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis9. mixer kneader according to at least one of claims 1 to
8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischelemente (A, R) sich entgegen ihrer Bewegungsrichtung von den Schabkanten (14, 18) weg nach hinten verjüngen bzw. Freiwinkel gegenüber zu reinigenden Flächen aufweisen. 8, characterized in that the mixing elements (A, R) taper towards the rear against their direction of movement away from the scraping edges (14, 18) or have clearance angles in relation to surfaces to be cleaned.
10. Mischkneter nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis10. Mixing kneader according to at least one of claims 1 to
9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schabkanten (14, 18) mit einer Zahnung versehen sind.9, characterized in that the scraping edges (14, 18) are provided with teeth.
11. Mischkneter nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis11. Mixing kneader according to at least one of claims 1 to
10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Freiwinkel (wi - β) in etwa 10° bis 30° betragen.10, characterized in that the clearance angles (wi - β) amount to approximately 10 ° to 30 °.
12. Mischkneter nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis12. Mixing kneader according to at least one of claims 1 to
11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mischelement (A) eine in etwa in Längsrichtung der Welle (2, 3) oder etwas schräg dazu verlaufende Scha kante (14) aufweist, welche zwei Freiwinkel (wi, w2) entgegen der Bewegungsrichtung des Mischelementes (A) ausbildet.11, characterized in that the mixing element (A) has an edge (14) which runs approximately in the longitudinal direction of the shaft (2, 3) or somewhat obliquely thereto and which has two clearance angles (wi, w 2 ) against the direction of movement of the mixing element ( A) trains.
13. Mischkneter nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass den beiden Freiwinkeln (wi, w2) weg von der Schabkante (14) ein dritter Freiwinkel (w3) , der die beiden anderen zumindest teilweise verbindet, zugeordnet ist.13. Mixing kneader according to claim 12, characterized in that the two clearance angles (wi, w 2 ) away from the scraping edge (14) is assigned a third clearance angle (w 3 ) which at least partially connects the other two.
14. Mischkneter nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Schabkante (18) in' etwa radial oder etwas schräg angestellt zu der- Welle (2, 3) verläuft, die entgegen der Bewegungsrichtung des Mischelementes (R) einen Freiwinkel ausbildet.14. Mixing kneader according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a scraping edge (18) runs in 'approximately radially or somewhat obliquely to the shaft (2, 3) which opposes the direction of movement of the mixing element (R) Forms clearance angle.
15. Mischkneter nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser Freiwinkel den zwei anderen Freiwinkeln (wi, w2) pyramidenartig zugeordnet ist. 15. Mixing kneader according to claim 14, characterized in that this clearance angle is assigned to the two other clearance angles (wi, w 2 ) in a pyramid-like manner.
EP02730151A 2001-04-25 2002-04-12 Mixer bars cleaning in a radial or axial manner Withdrawn EP1390132A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10120391A DE10120391A1 (en) 2001-04-25 2001-04-25 Mixer-kneading device used e.g. for treating distillation residues comprises mixing elements arranged on shafts extending in the longitudinal direction of the shaft or slightly inclined and having a scraping edge
DE10120391 2001-04-25
DE10160535A DE10160535A1 (en) 2001-12-10 2001-12-10 Mixer-kneading device used e.g. for treating distillation residues comprises mixing elements arranged on shafts extending in the longitudinal direction of the shaft or slightly inclined and having a scraping edge
DE10160535 2001-12-10
DE10202435A DE10202435A1 (en) 2002-01-22 2002-01-22 Mixer-kneading device used e.g. for treating distillation residues comprises mixing elements arranged on shafts extending in the longitudinal direction of the shaft or slightly inclined and having a scraping edge
DE10202435 2002-01-22
PCT/EP2002/004099 WO2002089963A2 (en) 2001-04-25 2002-04-12 Mixer bars cleaning in a radial or axial manner

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EP1390132A2 true EP1390132A2 (en) 2004-02-25

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EP02730151A Withdrawn EP1390132A2 (en) 2001-04-25 2002-04-12 Mixer bars cleaning in a radial or axial manner

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US (1) US20040145964A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1390132A2 (en)
CN (1) CN1241679C (en)
AU (1) AU2002302530A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2445074A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002089963A2 (en)

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US20040145964A1 (en) 2004-07-29
AU2002302530A8 (en) 2002-11-18
WO2002089963A3 (en) 2003-12-11
CN1241679C (en) 2006-02-15
WO2002089963A2 (en) 2002-11-14
AU2002302530A1 (en) 2002-11-18
CN1531456A (en) 2004-09-22
CA2445074A1 (en) 2002-11-14

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