EP1387319A2 - Système de traitement d'images - Google Patents

Système de traitement d'images Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1387319A2
EP1387319A2 EP03250945A EP03250945A EP1387319A2 EP 1387319 A2 EP1387319 A2 EP 1387319A2 EP 03250945 A EP03250945 A EP 03250945A EP 03250945 A EP03250945 A EP 03250945A EP 1387319 A2 EP1387319 A2 EP 1387319A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
samples
colour
image
detail
colour component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03250945A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1387319B1 (fr
EP1387319A3 (fr
Inventor
Keith Robert Calder
Nordine Chaibelaine
Stuart Jonathan Levine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sony Europe Ltd
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Sony United Kingdom Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1387319A2 publication Critical patent/EP1387319A2/fr
Publication of EP1387319A3 publication Critical patent/EP1387319A3/fr
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Publication of EP1387319B1 publication Critical patent/EP1387319B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2340/00—Aspects of display data processing
    • G09G2340/04—Changes in size, position or resolution of an image
    • G09G2340/0407—Resolution change, inclusive of the use of different resolutions for different screen areas
    • G09G2340/0428—Gradation resolution change
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/02—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to image processing apparatus and methods for enhancing colour images.
  • colour images require at least a representation of the red, green and blue (RGB) components of the image to be communicated or stored in order to provide a faithful representation of the original colour of the image.
  • RGB red, green and blue
  • Next generation mobile radiotelephones may require a facility to receive and display colour images over a wireless link for display on a screen provided as part of the telephone.
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistants
  • the colour images may be either received in compressed form or compressed when received in order to reduce an amount of data, which is required in order to communicate or store the image.
  • One technique for reducing an amount of information, which is required in order to store a representation of a colour image is to reduce a dynamic range of the RGB signal samples by reducing a number of bits that are used to represent the RGB components. For example, if each pixel is represented as 18-bits, each RGB component will be allocated a 6-bit value providing a range of 64 possible colour values for each component, producing 262144 different colours. If the number of bits used to represent each component is reduced to 4-bits, each pixel can be represented as 12-bits providing a 33% reduction in the size of a memory required to store the colour image.
  • an image processing apparatus operable to process input colour component signal samples representative of an input colour image to produce output colour component signal samples representing an enhanced version of the input colour image.
  • the apparatus comprises an enhancing processor operable to increase the dynamic range of the input colour component samples, a low pass filter operable to filter the increased dynamic range colour samples to form the output colour component samples, and a detection processor.
  • the detection processor is operable to detect input colour component samples associated with a representation of detail appearing in the input colour image. Consequent upon detection of the detail in the image, the detection processor is operable to adjust the bandwidth of the low pass filter in correspondence with the detected detail.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are arranged to provide a facility for reducing an amount of data which is required to represent a colour image, whilst improving or at least maintaining the quality of the image when reproduced.
  • an image processor embodying the present invention is provided with a colour enhancing processor which is arranged to improve a dynamic range with which the colour components of the image are represented by increasing a number of bits used to represent the RGB colour component samples.
  • the increased dynamic range samples are then filtered with a low pass filter in order to provide a smooth transition between the colours of the reproduced image.
  • a detection processor is arranged to detect signal samples representative of the detail within the image and to adjust the band width of the low pass filter in correspondence with the detected detail.
  • the samples representing the detail are arranged to bypass the low pass filter.
  • a likelihood of losing detail in the image is reduced, whilst reducing a likelihood of contour effects which may appear in the image as a result of a reduced colour palette caused by a low dynamic range of the colour component signal samples.
  • the image processor providing the enhanced dynamic range colour samples may be implemented with a small number of components, providing a cost effective implementation.
  • FIG. 1 provides an illustration of a typical LCD display module such as that which would be used within a mobile radiotelephone or a personal digital assistant.
  • 3G third generation
  • a typical display module for this application is an LCD display panel and as shown in Figure 1, such a module comprises a display memory 1 which is arranged to store signal samples representative of a digital image which is to be displayed on an LCD display panel 2. Pixels which are representative of the colour image to be displayed are received on a connecting channel 4 and written into the display memory 1 using write address logic 8.
  • the signal samples, stored in the memory 1 are read by read address logic 10 and converted into the analogue domain by a digital to analogue converter 12 before being displayed on the LCD panel 2.
  • the present invention provides a facility for reducing the amount of data storage, that is the size of the display memory 1 for the present example, whilst maintaining the quality of the image to be displayed on, for example the LCD panel 2.
  • the reduction in the amount of data storage is achieved by reducing the dynamic range of the signal samples representing the colour components.
  • the colour image may be received with component signal samples having a reduced dynamic range as a result of being truncated, which may be required to communicate the image.
  • the RGB components will be truncated by the same amount.
  • an image processor embodying the present invention is arranged to improve a representation of the received or stored colour image. As will be explained, the improvement can facilitate a faithful or at least improved reproduction of the original image with a reduced likelihood of contour effects, which may appear in the image.
  • FIG. 2 shows the LCD display module of Figure 1 in combination with an image processing circuit 20.
  • the pixels of the colour image as received on channel 4 are represented as only 12 bits rather than 18 bits as shown in Figure 1.
  • the reduction in the resolution of the signal samples may be provided by a colour truncating processor 15.
  • the colour truncating processor 15 may reduce the dynamic range of the signal samples by truncating the signal samples from 18-bits to 12-bits by discarding the two least significant bits of each RGB component.
  • the RGB colour components are represented as 4 bits rather than 6 bits, resulting in a 33% reduction in a storage requirement of the display memory 1.
  • a result of reducing the dynamic range of the colour signal samples by truncating from 6 bits to 4 bits is to reduce the colour palette available for displaying the reproduced image.
  • a colour image may suffer a reduction in quality which can cause contours or apparent flat sections to appear in the reproduced image.
  • An example of such a colour image suffering from contour effects as a result of a reduced colour palette is shown in Figure 3.
  • the display module is provided with an image processor 20.
  • the image processor 20 is arranged to increase the dynamic range of the colour component signal samples, which are read out of the display memory 1. As shown in Figure 2, for the example embodiment illustrated, the number of bits, which are used to represent each pixel, is increased from 4-bits to 6-bits.
  • the image processor 20 is shown in more detail in Figure 4.
  • the image processor 20 receives the 4 bit RGB colour component signal samples on a connecting channel 22 from the read address logic 10.
  • the colour component signal samples are fed to a colour dynamic range converter 30 and a detection processor 34 in parallel.
  • the dynamic range converter 30 is arranged to increase the number of bits, which are used to represent the colour component signal samples from 4 bits to 6 bits.
  • the enhanced colour component signal samples are then fed to a low pass filter 36 after which the enhanced signal samples are fed to an output channel 24.
  • the enhanced signal samples are fed to a digital to analogue converter 12 as shown in Figure 4.
  • the detection processor 34 is arranged to generate a filter selection control signal, which is fed on a channel 38 to the low pass filter 36.
  • the values of the 4-bit signal samples can be scaled to reflect the enhanced dynamic range provided by increasing the number of bits to six.
  • the values of the input signal samples are multiplied by again factor G.
  • the gain factor G is applied by copying the two most significant bits from the 4 bit input sample into the two least significant bits appended to the 6-bit output sample.
  • the 4 bit input signal sample is represented as the letters A B C D which are stored in a four stage register 40.
  • a six stage register 42 is provided for forming the output signal sample.
  • Connecting the four stage register to the six stage register are connecting channels 44.
  • the connecting channels arrange for the 2 bit values A, B in the first two stages of the shift register 40 to be copied into the last two stages of the register 42.
  • the values of the two least significant bits of the output signal sample are formed from the most significant bits of the input signal samples.
  • Figure 6 provides a table illustrating all possible values of the 4-bit input signal samples with respect to the gain required to adjust the signal sample values from 4-bits to 6-bits, to take advantage of the increased dynamic range.
  • the gain as calculated by the above formula, is shown with respect to the gain, which is provided by bit replication in accordance with the arrangement of registers shown in Figure 5.
  • the bit replication arrangement provides a good approximation to the calculated gain factor G but has an advantage of not requiring any multiplier components, thus reducing implementation costs.
  • the enhanced colour component signal samples are filtered by a low pass filter 36 in order to provide a smooth transition between colour values. Filtering the signal sample values has the effect of reducing the likelihood of contour effects, which may appear in the reproduced image.
  • the low pass filter 36 is implemented as a moving averaging filter having an impulse response as shown in Figure 7.
  • Figure 7 illustrates an impulse response of an eight tap moving averaging filter providing an effective width of T W .
  • a moving averaging filter effectively forms an output signal sample from the average values of the input signal samples within a window formed by the impulse response of the moving averaging filter.
  • the filter is arranged to form a smoothing effect on the contours of the image caused by the limited dynamic range of the resolution of each signal sample.
  • the low pass filter 36 includes a four tap moving averaging filter and a two tap moving averaging filter. These are used to provide an increase in the pass bandwidth of the low pass filter as the samples representing detail move towards a centre tap of the eight-tap filter. This provides a more gradual amount of filtering to the enhanced signal samples, where the detection processor determines that these signal samples represent detail.
  • FIG 8 provides an illustration of the low pass filter 36 according to one example embodiment.
  • the low pass filter 36 has three moving averaging filters, which include the eight-tap filter having an impulse response shown in Figure 7.
  • an eight-tap delay 50 is used to delay the input signal samples by eight samples.
  • adders 52, 54 are used to form the output sample in combination with a one-stage register 56.
  • the filter 36 shown in Figure 8 implements a moving averaging filter by accumulating the last eight signal sample values as performed by the adder 54 whilst subtracting the last value to pass thorough and fall outside the eight tap window as implemented by the adder 52.
  • the adders 52, 54 and the register 56 therefore form an accumulation unit 58 to provide the calculation of the moving average output.
  • the accumulation unit 58 shown in Figure 8 implements a moving averaging filter without a requirement for summing and dividing all the signal sample components within an eight tap window to calculate every output signal sample.
  • the circuit shown in Figure 8 therefore provides an advantage in reducing the number of components required to implement the moving averaging filter and for which no multipliers are necessary.
  • second and third accumulation units 58', 58" form output signal samples representing the four-tap and two-tap moving averaging filters.
  • the second accumulator 58' is arranged to receive samples from the second stage and the sixth stage to form the four-tap moving averaging filter
  • the third accumulator 58" is arranged to receive samples from the third stage and fifth stage.
  • the control signal is received from the channel 38 by a selection processor 59.
  • the selection processor 59 has four input channels 51, 53, 55, 57.
  • the four input channels 51, 53, 55, 57 are arranged to receive the output sample from the eight tap moving averaging filter 51, the output sample from the four tap moving averaging filter 53, the output sample from the two tap moving averaging filter 55, and the signal sample from the fourth stage of the shift register 50, respectively.
  • the selection of the output from either the two tap, the four tap, or the eight tap output, or the bypass sample from the fourth stage of the shift register is determined in accordance with the control signal received from the detection processor 34.
  • the detection processor is used to detect such detail.
  • the detection processor then generates a control signal in order to select output samples from either the eight-tap, four-tap or two-tap moving averaging filter, or the bypass sample. Effectively, the selection signal adjusts the bandwidth of the low pass filter in accordance with the relative position of pixels representing detail with respect to the centre tap.
  • Figure 9 provides an example implementation of the detection processor 34. As shown in Figure 9 the detection processor 34 comprises a shift register 60 having eight stages which correspond to the stages of the shift register 50 used in the low pass filter 36.
  • an adder 62 is arranged to receive an input signal sample and a signal sample of the output of the second stage of the shift register 60.
  • the adder 62 is arranged to subtract the newly received signal sample from the signal sample present in the second stage to form a difference at an output 64.
  • a threshold processor 66 then compares the difference between the signal samples with a predetermined threshold and if the difference is greater than the threshold, the processor 66 produces a control signal on the control channel 38.
  • the threshold is determined so that detail is detected if all of the three RGB signal samples are greater than the corresponding values of the RGB samples of a pixel from two sample periods earlier.
  • a further adder 68 is arranged to calculate a difference between the output of the fourth stage and the second stage, which is also fed to the threshold processor 66.
  • the operation of the detection processor is represented by the flow chart in Figure 10. As shown in Figure 9 the latest signal sample is compared with the contents of the second previous signal sample as performed by the adder 62.
  • the threshold processor 66 determines whether detail has been detected between these two compared signal samples, which is represented in Figure 10 as step S2.
  • the threshold processor 66 also receives a comparison between the output of the second stage of the shift register and an output of the fourth stage of the shift register as performed by an adder 68. Therefore, at step S4 in the flow diagram the threshold processor determines whether the detail has been detected between effectively a latest signal sample and the second previous signal sample within a four tap window provided by sample values at the outputs of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth register stages.
  • the threshold processor determines that detail has not been detected within the four-tap filter, but is present in the eight-tap filter, from a comparison of the contents of the second and fourth stage of the eight tap delay, then at step S4 the threshold processor determines that the four tap filter should be selected to produce the output pixel samples, at step S5. If the threshold detection processor determines that the detail samples is within the four tap filter but just before the two centre taps forming the two-tap filter the processing proceeds to step S8.
  • step S8 the value of the signal sample in the fourth stage is also compared with a second threshold formed between the threshold value for detecting detail and a predetermined offset value, as expressed below: Threshold ⁇ sample value ⁇ (Threshold + offset)
  • the control signal is generated on the channel 38 to select the output of the two-tap moving averaging filter 55, as performed by the step S10. If however the value of the signal sample is greater than the threshold plus the offset value, then the bypass sample is selected from the output of the fourth-tap of the shift register 50.
  • step S2 If detail is not detected at either step S2 or S4 then the processing proceeds via the loop S6 to the beginning of step S2 and the control signal is generated to select the output from the eight tap filter.
  • a further advantage is provided by selecting either the four-tap output or the two tap output independence upon the relative position of a sample representing detail in the colour image and the value of the samples representing the colour image.
  • the threshold processor is adjusting the bandwidth of the low pass filter in accordance with the relative frequency bandwidth of the pixels samples passing through the filter. Accordingly, as the detail pixels sample are detected within the eight tap window, but just before the four tap window, then the four tap output is selected. If the detail pixel samples are detected within the four taps window but just before the two-tap window, then the output from the two-tap window is selected. Otherwise the output samples from the eight tap moving averaging filter are selected.
  • the two tap moving averaging filter is used to produce output samples, when samples representing detail in the colour image are determined to fall between the threshold and the threshold value plus the predetermined offset.
  • the predetermined offset value is set to detect sample values which exceed the threshold value by a relatively small amount. It has been discovered that filtering such sample values with a two tap moving averaging filter provides an improvement in the reproduced colour image. This is because these sample values which just exceed the threshold but not the offset represent intermediate detail in the reproduced image which requires some limited degree of filtering with respect to the two immediately surrounding samples. Therefore as illustrated by step S7, S8 and S10, if the difference between signal samples is greater than the threshold plus the offset, then the filter is bypassed and the centre sample that is that contained in the fourth stage of the register 60 is passed to the output of the filter.
  • the low pass filter is arranged to filter only one-dimensional signal samples
  • a two-dimensional filter may be used to provide a further improvement in the reproduced image. It will be appreciated therefore that the filter could be arranged to filter vertical or horizontal component samples of the image.
  • a colour image may be compressed by representing the colour samples with an even smaller number of bits.
  • the colour image may then be recovered by increasing the resolution of the bits as the colour signal samples are read out from the memory, to the original resolution in accordance with the embodiments described above.
  • resolutions other than 12 bits for storing the colour image, and the enhanced resolution samples of 18 bits are envisaged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Processing Of Color Television Signals (AREA)
  • Color Image Communication Systems (AREA)
EP20030250945 2002-02-22 2003-02-17 Système de traitement d'images Expired - Fee Related EP1387319B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0204239A GB2385764A (en) 2002-02-22 2002-02-22 Increasing colour palette with preservation of detail
GB0204239 2002-02-22

Publications (3)

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EP1387319A2 true EP1387319A2 (fr) 2004-02-04
EP1387319A3 EP1387319A3 (fr) 2004-10-27
EP1387319B1 EP1387319B1 (fr) 2006-09-13

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EP (1) EP1387319B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1253016C (fr)
DE (1) DE60308282T2 (fr)
GB (1) GB2385764A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1770682A1 (fr) * 2005-09-28 2007-04-04 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB Méthode pour élever la résolution d'une couleur et dispositiv utilisant cette méthode
EP3012825A3 (fr) * 2014-10-23 2016-10-05 LG Display Co., Ltd. Unité de conversion d'image et dispositif d'affichage comprenant celle-ci
CN107154237A (zh) * 2017-07-03 2017-09-12 成都汇翌科技有限公司 基于pov‑led屏的亮度自适应调节方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100378674C (zh) * 2004-06-10 2008-04-02 明基电通股份有限公司 检测电子显示装置分辨率的方法及显示装置
CN102622736B (zh) * 2011-01-28 2017-08-04 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 影像处理系统及方法

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US5012333A (en) * 1989-01-05 1991-04-30 Eastman Kodak Company Interactive dynamic range adjustment system for printing digital images

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MCWALTER T A: "Edge adaptive image smoothing" COMMUNICATIONS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, 1991. COMSIG 1991 PROCEEDINGS., SOUTH AFRICAN SYMPOSIUM ON PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA 30 AUG. 1991, NEW YORK, NY, USA,IEEE, US, 1991, pages 58-62, XP010045350 ISBN: 0-7803-0040-8 *
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1770682A1 (fr) * 2005-09-28 2007-04-04 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB Méthode pour élever la résolution d'une couleur et dispositiv utilisant cette méthode
WO2007039379A1 (fr) * 2005-09-28 2007-04-12 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab Procede visant a ameliorer la resolution couleur et dispositif utilisant ce procede
JP2009510502A (ja) * 2005-09-28 2009-03-12 ソニー エリクソン モバイル コミュニケーションズ， エービー 色解像度を高める方法及び該方法を利用する装置
US8081194B2 (en) 2005-09-28 2011-12-20 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab Method for enhancing colour resolution and device exploiting the method
JP4917606B2 (ja) * 2005-09-28 2012-04-18 ソニー エリクソン モバイル コミュニケーションズ， エービー 色解像度を高める方法及び該方法を利用する装置
KR101378278B1 (ko) * 2005-09-28 2014-04-01 소니 모빌 커뮤니케이션즈 에이비 컬러 해상도를 강화시키는 방법 및 장치
EP3012825A3 (fr) * 2014-10-23 2016-10-05 LG Display Co., Ltd. Unité de conversion d'image et dispositif d'affichage comprenant celle-ci
US9928581B2 (en) 2014-10-23 2018-03-27 Lg Display Co., Ltd. Image conversion unit and display device having the same
CN107154237A (zh) * 2017-07-03 2017-09-12 成都汇翌科技有限公司 基于pov‑led屏的亮度自适应调节方法
CN107154237B (zh) * 2017-07-03 2019-08-23 江西厚普电子科技有限公司 基于pov-led屏的亮度自适应调节方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2385764A (en) 2003-08-27
EP1387319B1 (fr) 2006-09-13
CN1440001A (zh) 2003-09-03
GB0204239D0 (en) 2002-04-10
DE60308282D1 (de) 2006-10-26
EP1387319A3 (fr) 2004-10-27
DE60308282T2 (de) 2007-04-05
CN1253016C (zh) 2006-04-19

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