EP1384813B1 - Crossing of grooved rails - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a grooved rail crossing region according to the preamble of claim 1.

From the generic NL-C-40542 is a grooved rail crossing region of two intersecting grooved rail strands known, the grooved rails are milled as such in the crossing region to form a top flange and a bottom flange. Thus, the upper flange and the lower flange are each made of a rail profile in the area below the grooves.

The US-A-178.140 describes a grooved rail crossing region of two grooved rail strands, each grooved rail strand being formed of two parallel rails. At the points where the rails intersect, the one rail has a reinforcement or protrusion on the underside. On the top of a recess is accordingly provided for another rail. The other rail in turn has on the bottom and the longitudinal sides shoulders, so that it is possible to put the other rail from above into the recess in the one rail, so that the grooves are aligned.

In the crossing areas crossing grooved rail strands usually consisting of a block connecting elements are provided, which have on the sides connecting portions for connecting the two ends of the crossing grooved rail strands to the connecting element. The connecting element has a first driving groove with a crossing region of a second driving groove and a crossing second driving groove. The known connection elements consist of pre-tempered steels, which exceed the dynamic properties of the rail material and have a high strength in the tempered state. The total four ends of the two grooved rail strands are usually welded to the terminal regions of the connecting element in the region of the grooves. A disadvantage of the known used in grooved rail intersection areas block-shaped connection elements that it comes naturally by the welding process due to the high temperatures to shrinkage, high internal stresses and structural changes in the seam area. The remuneration of the steel materials used is thereby at least partially destroyed in the seam area. The risk of brittle fracture and cracking in the area of the grooves can often be met only with considerable effort which is associated with high demands on the qualifications of the welding personnel and high maintenance and repair costs. The (Flamm-) straightening caused by thermal distortion directional error is time consuming and expensive. If directional errors are not resolved, dimensional and Standard values which are to ensure the bumpless and wear-free overrunning of the connecting element by the rail wheel, are not met.

Moreover, it is known from the prior art, directly to weld the ends of a crossing grooved rail with a crossed grooved rail in the region of the grooves. The welding process in the groove area also leads to structural changes, which have a negative effect on the strength of the grooved rail strands in the seam area. In addition, the ends of the crossing grooved rail and the crossed grooved rail are machined or tensioned in the terminal region to match the intersecting rail strands. The processing and welding of the rail tracks increases the risk of cracking and the risk of breaks in the area of the grooves.

Object of the present invention is to provide a grooved rail crossing area of the type mentioned is available, which is inexpensive and easy to straighten and has a high strength in the field of grooves.

The previously derived and specified object is achieved in a grooved rail crossing region with the features of claim 1.

Through the grooved rail intersection according to the invention there are a number of significant advantages. Compared to the commonly used in Rillenschienenkreuzungsbereichen, consisting of a block connecting elements of the invention Rillenschienenkreuzungsbereich as a connecting element has a two-piece, consisting of a top flange and a form-fitting connectable to the top flange bottom chord centerpiece. The positive engagement in the direction of the rail tracks results from the fact that the top flange is inserted from above into the bottom flange. Due to the two-part design of the heart sinking first the installation effort during installation of the heart since the lower flange and the upper flange can be installed one after another, In addition, can be completely dispensed with welding processes in view of the positive connection, so that resulting directional errors are not to be feared. If directional errors nevertheless occur, these can be corrected easier than previously possible. In addition, the top chord and / or the bottom chord can be adapted to the respective conditions almost as desired in length, the connection areas provided at the ends of the top chord and the bottom chord for connection to the intersecting grooved rail strands being far from the immediate intersection region - and thus out the highest stress area of the core - can be laid out. This is particularly advantageous when the grooved rail strands are welded to the heart, since welding processes then exert no damaging effect on the material structure and thus on the remuneration in the immediate crossing region of the heart.

The grooved rail crossing region according to the invention can in principle be provided without any problems in all intersections of grooved rail strands, for example also in turnout installations. Depending on the crossing angle of the intersecting grooved rail strands, only the crossing angle between the upper belt and the lower belt has to be determined in order to provide a largely direction-free connection of the grooved rail strands to the heart of the grooved rail intersection region. Especially suitable is a "90 ° intersection".

In order to further reduce the manufacturing cost of kwenscbicncnlcreuzungsbereichs invention, the upper chord and / or the lower chord is made of a solid profile, wherein the respective recesses are reworked by a machining, so that no rolled special profiles must be used in each case. In addition, results from the training as solid profile of the main advantage that a breaking of the grooves due to the dynamic stress when driving over the wheel of the rail vehicle is not possible. In addition, identical strands of solid material can be used for both straps, which is inexpensive.

In order to ensure a positive connection between the upper flange and the lower flange in a simple manner, the upper flange has at least one first recess on the underside, while the lower flange has on the upper side a second recess complementary to the first recess. The terms "upper flange" and "lower flange" are based on the corresponding specialist terminology of the framework technology. Preferably, the upper and lower chords grip in such a way that results in a play-free positive engagement in the region of the recesses.

The upper flange and the lower flange are in addition to the aforementioned positive engagement on the side facing away from the grooves on another connected and / or fixed. By further connection ensures that when driving over the heart through the wheel of a train can not come to a lowering of the lower belt or to a lifting of the upper belt from the lower flange. It is essential in this context that the material structure of the heart in the driving range of the upper belt and the lower belt is not destroyed in the connection of the upper belt with the lower belt by the further connection. The top and bottom chords are therefore never welded together on top of the center piece. On the side facing away from the grooves of the heart - the bottom - but it is of course possible to cohesively, for example, by welding, to connect or fix the upper belt and the lower belt together. In addition - d. H. Alternatively or in addition - it is also possible that the upper flange and the lower flange are positively and / or non-positively and / or frictionally connected or fixed together.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the upper flange and the lower flange is screwed by means of a support plate from below or laterally and / or welded and / or clamped. The platen itself can be embedded in the track bed or connected to the sleepers.

The top flange and the bottom flange are the end of the grooved rail strands preferably non-positively and / or positively connected, so that there is no change in the material structure in the region of the connection point, namely at the transition of the driving groove of the grooved rail to the driving groove of the heart. In particular, it is also essential here that the compensation of the frog and the grooved rail strands in the raceway area is not destroyed. Preferably, for the end-side connection of the upper belt and the lower belt to a grooved rail strand, a carrying or machining of the upper belt and / or the lower belt and the ends of the grooved rail strands are provided so as to pass through the upper belt or the lower belt to connect an L- or S-shaped connection with a positive fit to the ends of the grooved rail strands,

The upper flange and the lower flange are preferably aligned on the underside in the assembled state of the frog, in order to facilitate the laying on or in the track bed and to ensure a secure fixation of the heart in the track bed. In addition, the pressing of the lower belt of the upper belt when crossing the heart by the wheel of a train is difficult. The fixation of the upper belt and the lower belt in the track bed can be done for example by screwing or by clamping at a threshold with a clamping plate or the like.

The upper belt and the lower belt should, at least in the groove area, consist of a tempered steel with high dynamic material properties, preferably of bainitic chromium and / or nickel and / or molybdenum-containing steel, in particular 17CrNiMo 6, CrMo 17 or manganese hard steel.

In principle, the upper belt and / or the lower belt may be designed for connection to a plurality of lower belts and / or upper belts. This makes it possible to construct a grooved rail crossing in the manner of a grid with a plurality of grooved rail crossing regions of the type according to the invention in a simple and cost-effective manner. In addition, it is also possible to connect a further upper belt and / or a further lower belt to a upper belt and / or a lower belt instead of a grooved rail.

In one embodiment of a grooved rail crossing portion, which is not part of the invention as claimed, it is provided that a centerpiece to be connected to the ends of the grooved rail strands is provided in the crossing region such that the core piece is formed in a block-like manner, that the core piece on opposite sides in each case at least two Terminal areas for connection to two ends of a first grooved rail and each at least two terminal areas for connection to two ends of the first grooved rail crossing second grooved rail and having the terminal areas at least substantially without structural changes can be connected in the groove area with the grooved rail strands, preferably form-fitting outside of the driving groove area. The above-described embodiment is based on the basic idea to carry out the connection of the intersecting grooved rail strands to the heart in such a way that at least in the region of the grooves does not lead to a structural change of the tempered steel by a thermal processing. In this case, according to the invention, the grooved rail strands, at least in the driving groove area, are not welded to the frog, the connection of the grooved rail strands to the frog being able to take place, for example, by L-shaped or S-shaped form-locking connections.

Fig. 1

eine Draufsicht auf eine Rillenschienenkreuzung mit einer Mehrzahl von Rillenschienenkreuzungsbereichen,

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf einen Rillenschienenkreuzungsbereich der erfindungsgemäßen Art,

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines einen Obergurt und einen Untergurt aufweisenden Herzstücks eines erfindungsgemäßen Rillenschienenkreuzungsbereichs im nicht-verbundenen bzw. nichtineinandergesetzten Zustand des Obergurts und des Untergurts,

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Ansicht des in der Fig. 3 dargestellten Herzstücks im miteinander verbundenen Einbauzustand des Obergurts und des Untergurts,

Fig. 5

eine Ausführungsform einer Auflageplatte zur Verbindung des Obergurts mit dem Untergurt,

Fig. 6

ein Ausschnitt aus einer Querschnittsansicht entlang der Schnittlinie A - B in Fig. 2, wobei der Obergurt und der Untergurt auf der den Fahrrillen abgewandten Seite mit der in Fig. 4 dargestellten Auflageplatte verschweißt sind,

Fig. 7

ein Ausschnitt aus einer Querschnittsansicht entlang der Schnittlinie A - B in Fig. 2, wobei der Obergurt und der Untergurt auf der den Fahrrillen abgewandten Seite mit der in Fig. 4 dargestellten Auflageplatte verschraubt sind,

Fig. 8

ein Ausschnitt aus einer Querschnittsansicht entlang der Schnittlinie C - D in Fig. 2, wobei der Obergurt und der Untergurt auf der den Fahrrillen abgewandten Seite mit der in Fig. 4 dargestellten Auflageplatte verschweißt sind,

Fig. 9

eine Querschnittsansicht entlang der Schnittlinie E - F in Fig. 1,

Fig. 10

ein Ausschnitt aus einer Querschnittsansicht entlang der Schnittlinie G - H in Fig. 1 und

Fig. 11

eine Querschnittsansicht eines durch das Rad eines Schienenfahrzeuges belasteten bekannten Rillenschienenstrangs.

The invention will now be described by way of example without limitation of the general inventive idea by means of embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show it

Fig. 1

a plan view of a grooved rail crossing with a plurality of grooved rail crossing areas,

Fig. 2

a plan view of a grooved rail crossing region of the type according to the invention,

Fig. 3

4 is a perspective view of a top chord and a bottom chord centerpiece of a grooved rail intersection region according to the invention in the unconnected state of the upper and lower chords, FIG.

Fig. 4

a perspective view of the in the Fig. 3 represented heart piece in the interconnected installation state of the upper and lower belt,

Fig. 5

an embodiment of a support plate for connecting the upper belt to the lower belt,

Fig. 6

a section of a cross-sectional view along the section line A - B in Fig. 2 , wherein the upper belt and the lower belt on the Driving grooves facing away with the in Fig. 4 welded support plate are welded,

Fig. 7

a section of a cross-sectional view along the section line A - B in Fig. 2 , wherein the upper belt and the lower belt on the side facing away from the grooves with the in Fig. 4 screwed support plate are screwed,

Fig. 8

a section of a cross-sectional view along the section line C - D in Fig. 2 , wherein the upper belt and the lower belt on the side facing away from the grooves with the in Fig. 4 welded support plate are welded,

Fig. 9

a cross-sectional view along the section line E - F in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 10

a section of a cross-sectional view along the section line G - H in Fig. 1 and

Fig. 11

a cross-sectional view of a loaded by the wheel of a rail vehicle known grooved rail.

Fig. 1 shows a grooved rail intersection 2 having a plurality of grooved rail intersection areas 1. The grooved rail intersection 2 comprises according to FIG Fig. 1 four intersecting tracks I to IV, each having two grooved rail strands a, b and rest on sleepers 3. The in Fig. 2 shown groove rail intersection region 1 has a heart 4 for connection to two grooved rail strands a, b, which in detail in the Fig. 3 and 4 is shown. The core 4 has a top flange 5 and a bottom flange 6, wherein the top flange 5 of the frog 4 is preferably provided for connection to two rail ends of a first grooved rail a and the bottom flange 6 preferably for connection to two ends of the first grooved rail a crossing second grooved rail b is. From the Fig. 1 It can be seen that a top chord and / or a bottom chord can also be connected to a plurality of bottom chords and / or top chords. The upper flange 5, according to the Fig. 3 and 4 furthermore, a first driving groove 7 with a crossing region 8 of a second driving groove 9 and the lower belt 6 a crossing second driving groove 9.

As in particular from the Fig. 3 As can be seen, the upper belt 5 has a first recess 10, while the lower belt 6 has on the upper side a second recess 11 complementary to the first recess 10 for the positive and play-free connection to the upper belt 5. For transfer to the installed state, the upper belt 5 and the lower belt 6 are connected to one another in such a way that the upper belt 5 rests in the region of the first recess 10 in the region of the first recess 10 without play on the lower belt 6 in the region of the second recess 11. As a result, the heart is stabilized in the direction of travel.

In the installed state, the crossing region 8 of the second driving groove 9 in the upper belt 5 is aligned with the second driving groove 9 in the lower belt 6, in order to enable a bumpless crossing of the Rillenschienenkreuzungsbereiches 1. The upper belt 5 and the lower belt 6 are preferably also aligned in the installed state on the side facing away from the grooves 7, 9, to facilitate the installation of the heart 4 in the track bed, securely connect the upper belt 5 and the lower flange 6 together and a stable position of the centerpiece 4 in the track bed.

In the Fig. 5 is a plan view of a support plate 12 for connecting the upper belt 5 shown with the lower flange 6. Like from the Fig. 6 to 8 As can be seen, the support plate 12 can be screwed or welded to the upper flange 5 and the lower flange 6 in order to obtain a secure connection of these two components. The support plate 12 has circular openings 13 for screws 14. If the base plate 12 is not screwed to the upper belt 5 or the lower belt 6, but welded from below, the welds are preferably provided along the circular openings 13.

It is particularly advantageous to connect the upper belt 5 to the lower belt 6 without changing the material structure in the driving groove area of the driving grooves 7, 9. In order to ensure a consistent material structure in the groove area, a heat treatment at the top of the frog 4 in the region of the grooves 7, 9, for example, to connect the upper belt 5 to the lower flange 6 by welding, not performed.

Welding operations on the side facing away from the grooves 7, 9 of the upper belt 5 and the lower belt 6, d. H. on the underside of the frog 4, on the other hand cause no change in the material structure in the driver's groove area, which would possibly destroy the remuneration of the heart 4 in this area.

The connection of the upper belt 5 with the lower flange 6 on the side facing away from the grooves by means of a support plate 12 also stabilizes the core 4 transversely to the direction of travel, so that when driving over the heart 4 by the wheel of a rail vehicle to no impressions of the lower belt 6 from Upper girth 5 comes.

The top flange 5 and the bottom flange 6 are preferably connected in a form-fitting manner to the grooved rail strands a, b, wherein at least substantially the material structure of the grooved rail strands a, b and the frog 4 in the groove area is not changed. According to the in the Fig. 7 illustrated embodiment is for connection of the upper belt 5 and / or the lower belt 6 to a grooved rail a, b an L-shaped positive connection provided.

The upper flange 5, according to the Fig. 9 a plurality of incorporated recesses 15, in each of which a clamping clip 16 for fixing the core 4 engages the threshold 3. The upper belt 5 and the lower belt 6 (not shown) can be screwed to the threshold 3 via the tensioning clamps 16 and an elastic support 17. As a result, a fixation of the upper belt 5 and the lower belt 6 is effected on the sleepers 3 in the track bed.

By caused by a wheel 18 of a rail vehicle on the grooves 7, 9 of the grooved rail a, b load occurs in the prior art usually after a short time to break the driving groove 7, 9 along the in Fig. 11 illustrated break line 19. As from the Fig. 9 shows, the upper flange 5 and / or the lower flange 6 is formed in the region below the grooves 7, 9 as a solid profile. The breaking of the driving groove 7, 9 when passing over the wheel 18 is thus prevented.

Claims (12)

1. Grooved rail crossing region (1) of two grooved rail sections (a, b), wherein at least one frog (4) to be connected to the ends of the grooved rail sections (a, b) is provided with two crossing travel grooves (7, 9) for guiding a wheel (18) of a rail vehicle in the crossing region of the grooved rail sections (a, b), wherein at least one top chord (5) of the frog (4) is provided for attaching to two rail ends of a first grooved rail section (a) and at least one bottom chord (6), which can be connected to the top chord (5) in a positive-locking manner, of the frog (4) is provided for attaching to two ends of a second grooved rail section (b) crossing the first grooved rail section (a), wherein the top chord (5) has a first travel groove (7) with a crossing region (8) of a second travel groove (9), and the bottom chord (6) has a crossing second travel groove (9), and wherein the crossing region (8) of the second travel groove (9) in the top chord (5) is aligned with the second travel groove (9) in the bottom chord (6), characterized in that the top chord (5) and the bottom chord (6) each have a continuous solid profile over the entire length in the region below the travel groove plane of the travel grooves (7, 9), this solid profile being provided for the end connection to a grooved rail section (a, b), and in that the top chord (5) and the bottom chord (6) are each produced from a solid profile block by milling, wherein the top chord (5) has at least one first recess (10) on the underside, and in that the bottom chord (6) has a second recess (11), complementary to the first recess (10), on the top side for the positive-locking connection to the top chord (5), and wherein the top chord (5) has an identical height and width over the entire length of the top chord (5) in the region below the travel grooves (8, 9) and above the recess (10), and the bottom chord (6) has an identical height and width over the entire length of the bottom chord (6) in the region below the recess (11).
2. Grooved rail crossing region according to Claim 1, characterized in that the top chord (5) in the region of the first recess (10) rests free of play in the region of the second recess (11) of the bottom chord (6).
3. Grooved rail crossing region according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the top chord (5) and the bottom chord (6), with the material structure in the travel groove region staying the same, are preferably connected and/or fixed to one another by a further connection on the side remote from the travel grooves (7,9).
4. Grooved rail crossing region according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top chord (5) and the bottom chord (6) are connected and/or fixed to one another by the further connection in a positive-locking and/or non-positive and/or frictional and/or integral manner.
5. Grooved rail crossing region according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top chord (5) and the bottom chord (6) are screwed and/or welded and/or clamped by means of a supporting plate (12) on the side remote from the travel grooves.
6. Grooved rail crossing region according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top chord (5) can be attached to the first grooved rail section (a) preferably in a non-positive and/or positive-locking manner and the bottom chord (6) can be attached to the second grooved rail section (b) preferably in a non-positive and/or positive-locking manner with the material structure in the travel groove region staying at least essentially the same.
7. Grooved rail crossing region according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an L- or S-shaped positive-locking connection is provided for the attachment of the top chord (5) and/or of the bottom chord (6) to the grooved rail section (a, b).
8. Grooved rail crossing region according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top chord (5) and the bottom chord (6) are in alignment on the underside in the assembled state of the frog (4).
9. Grooved rail crossing region according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top chord (5) and the bottom chord (6) are connected in a positive-locking and/or non-positive and/or frictional and/or integral manner for fixing in the track bed preferably with a plurality of sleepers (3), wherein, preferably, the top chord (5) and the bottom chord (6) have respective lateral recesses (15) on each side for the engagement of a plurality of clamping elements or gripping elements connected to the sleeper (3) and/or wherein, preferably, the top chord (5) and the bottom chord (6) rest on a respective elastic support arranged on the sleeper (3).
10. Grooved rail crossing region according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top chord (5) and the bottom chord (6), at least in the travel groove region, are made of a tempered steel, preferably of bainitic steel containing chrome and/or nickel and/or molybdenum, preferably of 17 CrNiMo 6.
11. Grooved rail crossing region according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top chord (5) and the bottom chord (6) are designed for connecting to a plurality of bottom chords and/or top chords.
12. Grooved rail crossing (2) having a plurality of grooved rail crossing regions (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

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