EP1384523B1 - Process for continuously and chromate free coating a pipe in a fluidized bed - Google Patents

Process for continuously and chromate free coating a pipe in a fluidized bed Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1384523B1
EP1384523B1 EP03012962A EP03012962A EP1384523B1 EP 1384523 B1 EP1384523 B1 EP 1384523B1 EP 03012962 A EP03012962 A EP 03012962A EP 03012962 A EP03012962 A EP 03012962A EP 1384523 B1 EP1384523 B1 EP 1384523B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
coating
induction coil
process according
primer
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP03012962A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1384523A1 (en
Inventor
Dirk Heinrich
Heinz Dr. Scholten
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Evonik Operations GmbH
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Degussa GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/546—No clear coat specified each layer being cured, at least partially, separately
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/18—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
    • B05D1/22—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping using fluidised-bed technique
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/18—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
    • B05D1/22—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping using fluidised-bed technique
    • B05D1/24—Applying particulate materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
    • B05D7/146—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies to metallic pipes or tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2254/00—Tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0218—Pretreatment, e.g. heating the substrate
    • B05D3/0245—Pretreatment, e.g. heating the substrate with induction heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254—After-treatment
    • B05D3/0281—After-treatment with induction heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0406—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases the gas being air
    • B05D3/0426—Cooling with air

Definitions

  • the object of the invention was to provide a novel process, which is the continuous chrome-free tube coating possible.
  • Process for the continuous coating of Pipes are already known.
  • Page 21-24 describes a process by which pipes with PVC by vortex sintering
  • it does not focus on good adhesion and homogeneity Layer thickness distributions received. It can not be the essential Meet the requirements of the automotive industry.
  • the tubes are each heated by medium frequency induction. Approximate formulas for the Demand for electrical energy, the coating performance of such a system and the Powder requirements are specified.
  • Suitable coating agents vortexable, meltable polymers or mixtures thereof.
  • Particularly suitable are polyamide powders, in particular based on polyamide 11 and polyamide 12.
  • polyamide powders in particular based on polyamide 11 and polyamide 12.
  • In this case can be powder manufactured according to DE 29 06 647 (Hüls AG), with the trade name VESTOSINT (Degussa AG) process particularly well, since they are a special due to the production in the precipitation process reach round grain shape.
  • On the pipe surface is first a commercial Applied adhesion promoter.
  • Suitable as primers are all common types for polymers, especially those for polyamides. They can be used in solution, suspension or Powder form can be applied. Especially suitable for VESTOSINT are the specially designed VESTOSINT coordinated bonding agent. If a solvent-containing adhesion promoter with used a solids content of about 8%, so is the layer thickness of the flashed primer between 5 and 8 ⁇ m. With the method according to the invention can be uniform Achieve layer thicknesses of 50 to 1 000 microns. Preference is given to layer thicknesses of 50 to 300 ⁇ m, whereby fluctuations of ⁇ 30% are achieved with the method according to the invention can. On the pipe surface is first a commercial adhesion promoter (e.g. VESTOSINT bonding agent WS 5) applied. The layer thickness of the flashed primer typically is between 5 and 8 microns. Will be a solventborne primer used, this usually has a solids content of about 8%.
  • VESTOSINT bonding agent WS 5 commercial adhesion promoter
  • the tubes produced by the method according to the invention are particularly suitable as Hydraulic and brake lines for e.g. the automotive industry.
  • the medium frequency induction heating was chosen because it was a continuous process is convenient to regulate and also very quick heating method, in which the Another advantage is that the induction coil, which heats the continuous pipe, directly in can be arranged swirling powder and thereby enter no heat loss. at 10,000 Hz and a tube wall thickness of 2 mm, the heating takes place at 300 ° C for 1 s. at smaller frequencies, the heating is even because of the greater penetration depth faster at 2 000 Hz, the time would be only 0.73 s for the same conditions.
  • the induction coil is designed as a tube spiral and is flowed through by cooling water; she stays cold as well as the powder.
  • the generator system consists of the machine generator, which generates the high frequency, the control cabinet with control panel, the capacitor bank and the induction coil.
  • the flow rate (feed) of the tubes depends on the tube diameter and wall thickness, ie the weight of the tube per unit length, as well as on the generator output.
  • the pipe coating plant (Fig. 01) consists of:

Abstract

A process for coating pipes comprises vortex sintering using a powdery, meltable polymer as the coating material. The pipe is first cleaned. A primer is then applied and burnt in using a middle frequency induction spool. Vaporized solvent is removed using a radial ventilation unit, and the pipe is pre-heated using an induction spool. A process for coating pipes comprises vortex sintering using a powdery, meltable polymer as the coating material. The pipe is first cleaned. A primer is then applied and burnt in using a middle frequency induction spool. Vaporized solvent is removed using a radial ventilation unit, and the pipe is pre-heated using an induction spool. Powder is prevented from clumping together by air shower members and guide plates. A further induction spool smooths out incompletely melted areas, and an air shower is used to pre-cool the pipe surface. Final cooling takes place in a water bath.

Description

Beschichtete Rohre für die Automobilindustrie werden bisher mittels Verwendung von Chrom VI-Verbindungen (Chromate) hergestellt. Chromate werden gebraucht, um beim bisher angewendeten Extrusionsverfahren sehr gute Haftwerte zu erzielen. Dazu werden chromatierte Rohre eingesetzt, auch Aluminiumrohre werden chromatiert, Stahlrohre werden zunächst aluminiert, bevor diese dann chromatiert werden. Ab dem Jahre 2003 werden jedoch von der Automobilindustrie chromfreie Rohre gefordert.Coated pipes for the automotive industry have so far been using chromium VI compounds (chromates) produced. Chromates are needed to date applied extrusion process to achieve very good adhesion values. These are chromated Pipes used, aluminum pipes are also chromated, steel pipes are first aluminized before they are then chromated. From the year 2003, however, will be from the Automotive industry demanded chrome-free pipes.

Aufgabe der Erfindung war es, ein neues Verfahren bereitzustellen, welches die kontinuierliche chromfreie Rohrbeschichtung ermöglicht. Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Beschichtung von Rohren sind bereits bekannt. So wird in der Zeitschrift "Kunststoffe", 57. Jahrgang, Heft 1, Seite 21-24 ein Verfahren beschrieben, mit dem Rohre mit PVC durch Wirbelsintern beschichtet werden, allerdings wird darin nicht auf gute Haftwerte und homogene Schichtdickenverteilungen eingegangen. Es lassen sich damit nicht die wesentlichen Anforderungen der Automobilindustrie erfüllen.The object of the invention was to provide a novel process, which is the continuous chrome-free tube coating possible. Process for the continuous coating of Pipes are already known. Thus, in the journal "Kunststoffe", Volume 57, Issue 1, Page 21-24 describes a process by which pipes with PVC by vortex sintering However, it does not focus on good adhesion and homogeneity Layer thickness distributions received. It can not be the essential Meet the requirements of the automotive industry.

Die Nachteile des Standes der Technik, insbesondere die Haftwerte und die Schichtdickenverteilung, auch bei dünnen Schichten (120 - 150 µm) konnten nun mit einem Verfahren gemäß den Patentansprüchen überwunden werden.The disadvantages of the prior art, in particular the adhesion values and the Layer thickness distribution, even with thin layers (120 - 150 microns) could now with a Process according to the claims to be overcome.

Die Anlage arbeitet bevorzugt automatisch und kontinuierlich und dient zur Außenbeschichtung von Rohren durch Wirbelsintern. Sie besteht aus den folgenden Teilen:

  • 1) der Vorbehandlungsanlage zum Reinigen der im Anlieferungszustand meist fettigen Rohre;
  • 2) dem Primer-Haftvermittler-Becken zum Auftragen des Haftvermittlers zwischen Stahloberfläche und Kunststoffschicht (Sprüh- oder Tauchanlage);
  • 3) der Mittelfrequenz-Induktionsspule 1 zum Einbrennen des Primers und wenn ein lösemittelhaltiger Primer eingesetzt wird zum Verdampfen des Lösemittels;
  • 4) dem Radiallüfter zum schnelleren Abführen des verdampften Lösemittels;
  • 5) der Mittelfrequenz-Induktionsspule 2 zur Vorwärmung des Rohres,
  • 6) dem Wirbelsinterbecken mit integrierter Mittelfrequenz-Induktionsspule 3 zum Aufbringen des Beschichtungsmittels. Da das Beschichtungsmittel einen zu geringen dielektrischen Verlustfaktor hat, erwärmt es sich nicht, während das vorgewärmte durchlaufende Stahlrohr sich sehr schnell auf die gewünschte Temperatur erwärmt. Die Schichtdicke wird beim Wirbelsintern maßgeblich durch Vorwärmtemperatur und Tauchzeit geregelt. Im Falle eines durchlaufenden Rohres bedeutet dies, dass die Schichtdicke durch die Generatorleistung und die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit des Rohres verändert werden kann. Beide können am Schaltpult unabhängig voneinander geregelt werden;
  • 7) den Einbauten im Wirbelsinterbecken, bestehend aus Luftdusche oberhalb des Rohres, um Pulveranhäufungen zu vermeiden und den Strömungsleitblechen unterhalb des Rohres, um Pulvermangel und dadurch resultierend Poren an der Unterseite des Rohres zu vermeiden. Nur durch die speziellen Einbauten kann eine gleichmäßige Schichtdicke sowohl radial, als auch axial gewährleistet werden;
  • 8) der Mittelfrequenz-Induktionsspule 4 zur Glättung der nicht komplett aufgeschmolzenen Beschichtung;
  • 9) der Schmelzstrecke, die benötigt wird, um den nach dem Austritt des Rohres aus der Mittelfrequenz-Induktionsspule 4 anhaftenden Beschichtungsbelag durchzuschmelzen und glattzuschmelzen. Die Schicht ist während des Durchlaufens noch heiß und weich und kann daher leicht verletzt werden. Das Rohr darf daher in dieser Phase nicht über Rollen geführt werden.
  • 10) der Luftdusche zum Vorabkühlen der Rohroberfläche. Die Rohroberflächentemperatur wird dadurch unter den Schmelzpunkt des Beschichtungsmittels geregelt;
  • 11) der Wasserkühlung. Das Rohr läuft in eine Wasserrinne, in der die Schicht weiter abkühlt und erhärtet, so dass hier wieder eine Führung über Rollen möglich ist.
    • The system works preferably automatically and continuously and is used for external coating of pipes by vortex sintering. It consists of the following parts:
  • 1) the pretreatment plant for cleaning the usually greasy pipes in the delivery state;
  • 2) the primer primer tank for applying the bonding agent between the steel surface and plastic layer (spray or dip system);
  • 3) the center frequency induction coil 1 for firing the primer and when a solvent-containing primer is used to evaporate the solvent;
  • 4) the radial fan for faster removal of the evaporated solvent;
  • 5) of the medium frequency induction coil 2 for preheating the tube,
  • 6) the fluidized bed with integrated center frequency induction coil 3 for applying the coating agent. Since the coating agent has too low a dielectric loss factor, it does not heat up while the preheated continuous steel tube heats up very quickly to the desired temperature. The layer thickness is governed by vortexing temperature and immersion time during vortex sintering. In the case of a continuous pipe, this means that the layer thickness can be changed by the generator power and the feed rate of the pipe. Both can be controlled independently of each other on the control panel;
  • 7) the internals in the fluidized bed, consisting of air shower above the tube to avoid accumulation of powder and the Strömungsleitblechen below the tube to powder deficiency and thus resulting in pores on the underside of the tube to avoid. Only through the special installations can a uniform layer thickness be ensured both radially and axially;
  • 8) the center frequency induction coil 4 for smoothing the not completely melted coating;
  • 9) of the melting line, which is required to melt through the smoothly adhering after the exit of the tube from the center frequency induction coil 4 adhering coating coating. The layer is still hot and soft while running and therefore easily injured. The pipe must therefore not be guided over rollers during this phase.
  • 10) of the air shower for pre-cooling the pipe surface. The tube surface temperature is thereby controlled below the melting point of the coating agent;
  • 11) of the water cooling. The pipe runs into a gutter in which the layer continues to cool and harden, so that guidance over rollers is possible here again.

    • Je nach gewünschter Schichtdicke lassen sich die Induktionsspulen unter 5, 6 und 8 in unterschiedlicher Kombination und Leistung betreiben. Folgende Möglichkeiten des Induktionsspulen-Einsatzes sind dabei gegeben:

  • 5 und 8,
  • 5 und 6,
  • 5, 6 und 8,
  • 6,
  • 6 und 8.
    • Depending on the desired layer thickness, the induction coils can be operated under 5, 6 and 8 in different combinations and power. The following possibilities of induction coil use are given:
  • 5 and 8,
  • 5 and 6,
  • 5, 6 and 8,
  • 6
  • 6 and 8.

    • Die Rohre werden jeweils durch Mittelfrequenzinduktion erwärmt. Näherungsformeln für den Bedarf an elektrischer Energie, die Beschichtungsleistung einer solchen Anlage sowie der Pulverbedarf werden angegeben. Mit dem Verfahren können Rohrstücke in einer gewünschten Länge zu einem endlosen Strang zusammengekoppelt und im horizontalen Durchlaufverfahren mit Kunststoffpulver außenbeschichtet werden. Als Beschichtungsmittel eignen sich wirbelfähige, schmelzbare Polymere oder Gemische daraus. Besonders geeignet sind Polyamid-Pulver, insbesondere auf Basis von Polyamid 11 und Polyamid 12. Dabei lassen sich Pulver hergestellt nach DE 29 06 647 (Hüls AG), mit dem Handelsnamen VESTOSINT (Degussa AG) besonders gut verarbeiten, da sie aufgrund der Herstellung im Fällverfahren eine besonders runde Kornform erreichen. Auf die Rohroberfläche wird zunächst ein handelsüblicher Haftvermittler aufgetragen. Als Primer eignen sich dabei alle gängigen Typen für Polymere, insbesondere diejenigen für Polyamide. Sie können sowohl in Lösung, Suspension oder Pulverform aufgetragen werden. Besonders geeignet für VESTOSINT sind die speziell auf VESTOSINT abgestimmten Haftvermittler. Wird ein lösemittelhaltiger Haftvermittler mit einem Feststoffgehalt von ca. 8 % eingesetzt, so liegt die Schichtdicke des abgelüfteten Primers zwischen 5 und 8 µm. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren lassen sich einheitliche Schichtdicken von 50 bis 1 000 µm erzielen. Bevorzugt werden Schichtdicken von 50 bis 300 µm, wobei mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren Schwankungen von ± 30 % erreicht werden können. Auf die Rohroberfläche wird zunächst ein handelsüblicher Haftvermittler (z.B. VESTOSINT Haftvermittler WS 5) aufgetragen. Die Schichtdicke des abgelüfteten Primers typischerweise liegt zwischen 5 und 8 µm. Wird ein lösemittelhaltiger Haftvermittler eingesetzt, hat dieser in der Regel einen Feststoffgehalt von ca. 8 %.The tubes are each heated by medium frequency induction. Approximate formulas for the Demand for electrical energy, the coating performance of such a system and the Powder requirements are specified. With the method, pipe sections in a desired Length coupled to an endless strand and in the horizontal pass procedure externally coated with plastic powder. Suitable coating agents vortexable, meltable polymers or mixtures thereof. Particularly suitable are polyamide powders, in particular based on polyamide 11 and polyamide 12. In this case can be powder manufactured according to DE 29 06 647 (Hüls AG), with the trade name VESTOSINT (Degussa AG) process particularly well, since they are a special due to the production in the precipitation process reach round grain shape. On the pipe surface is first a commercial Applied adhesion promoter. Suitable as primers are all common types for polymers, especially those for polyamides. They can be used in solution, suspension or Powder form can be applied. Especially suitable for VESTOSINT are the specially designed VESTOSINT coordinated bonding agent. If a solvent-containing adhesion promoter with used a solids content of about 8%, so is the layer thickness of the flashed primer between 5 and 8 μm. With the method according to the invention can be uniform Achieve layer thicknesses of 50 to 1 000 microns. Preference is given to layer thicknesses of 50 to 300 μm, whereby fluctuations of ± 30% are achieved with the method according to the invention can. On the pipe surface is first a commercial adhesion promoter (e.g. VESTOSINT bonding agent WS 5) applied. The layer thickness of the flashed primer typically is between 5 and 8 microns. Will be a solventborne primer used, this usually has a solids content of about 8%.

    Die mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Rohre eignen sich besonders als Hydraulik- und Bremsleitungen für z.B. die Automobilindustrie.The tubes produced by the method according to the invention are particularly suitable as Hydraulic and brake lines for e.g. the automotive industry.

    Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren soll im Folgenden näher beschrieben werden. The inventive method will be described in more detail below.

    Vorwärmen durch MittelfrequenzinduktionPreheat by medium frequency induction

    Die Mittelfrequenz-Induktionserwärmung wurde gewählt, weil es eine im Durchlaufverfahren bequem regulierbare und noch dazu sehr rasche Erwärmungsmethode ist, bei der man den weiteren Vorteil hat, dass die Induktionsspule, die das durchlaufende Rohr erwärmt, direkt im wirbelnden Pulver angeordnet werden kann und dadurch keine Wärmeverluste eintreten. Bei 10 000 Hz und einer Rohrwanddicke von 2 mm dauert das Erwärmen um 300 °C 1 s. Bei kleineren Frequenzen geht das Erwärmen wegen der größeren Eindringtiefe sogar noch schneller vor sich, bei 2 000 Hz würde die Zeit nur 0, 73 s für die gleichen Verhältnisse sein. Die Induktionsspule ist als Rohrwendel ausgeführt und wird von Kühlwasser durchströmt; sie bleibt ebenso wie das Pulver kalt. Die Generatoranlage besteht aus dem Maschinengenerator, der die hohe Frequenz erzeugt, dem Schaltschrank mit Schaltpult, der Kondensatorbatterie und der Induktionsspule. Vereinfacht kann man sich die Anlage als Transformator vorstellen, in dessen Primärseite elektrische Energie hoher Frequenz eingespeist wird und dessen Sekundärseite aus nur einer Windung, dem Werkstück, besteht. Die daraus resultierende sehr hohe Stromdichte im Sekundärkreis hat das rasche Erwärmen zur Folge. Bei durchlaufenden Werkstücken kommen nur solche mit gleichbleibendem Querschnitt und einheitlicher Wanddicke in Frage, z. B. rotationssymmetrische Gegenstände wie Drähte, Rohre, Stäbe u. dgl.The medium frequency induction heating was chosen because it was a continuous process is convenient to regulate and also very quick heating method, in which the Another advantage is that the induction coil, which heats the continuous pipe, directly in can be arranged swirling powder and thereby enter no heat loss. at 10,000 Hz and a tube wall thickness of 2 mm, the heating takes place at 300 ° C for 1 s. at smaller frequencies, the heating is even because of the greater penetration depth faster at 2 000 Hz, the time would be only 0.73 s for the same conditions. The induction coil is designed as a tube spiral and is flowed through by cooling water; she stays cold as well as the powder. The generator system consists of the machine generator, which generates the high frequency, the control cabinet with control panel, the capacitor bank and the induction coil. Simplified one can imagine the plant as a transformer, in whose primary side high-frequency electrical energy is fed and whose Secondary side consists of only one turn, the workpiece. The resulting very High current density in the secondary circuit results in rapid heating. In continuous Workpieces are only those with constant cross-section and uniform Wall thickness in question, z. B. rotationally symmetrical objects such as wires, tubes, rods u. like.

    Energiebedarf und BeschichtungsleistungEnergy requirement and coating performance

    Die Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit (Vorschub) der Rohre hängt von Rohrdurchmesser und Wanddicke, also vom Gewicht des Rohres pro Längeneinheit, sowie von der Generatorleistung ab. Natürlich spielen auch der Generatorwirkungsgrad und die erforderliche Erwärmung des Rohres eine wesentliche Rolle. Da diese letztgenannten Einflussgrößen jedoch in einer ersten Betrachtung als konstant oder mindestens nicht sehr veränderlich angesehen werden können, können entsprechende mittlere Zahlenwerte angenommen werden. Die erforderliche Generatorleistung ist : N=G·c p ·Δt 860η wobei N die Generatorleistung in kW, G das durchlaufende Rohrgewicht in kg/h, cp die spezifische Wärme von Stahl (~ 0,12 kcal/kg grd.), Δt die erforderliche Temperaturerhöhung des Rohres und η der Gesamtwirkungsgrad der Generatoranlage ist (rd. 0,6 bis 0, 75). Die Zahl 860 ergibt sich aus der Umrechnung 1 kW = 860 kcal/h. Löst man Gl. (1) nach G auf und setzt η = 0, 7 und Δt ~ 240 °C, so erhält man eine gut brauchbare Faustformel für die maximal erwärmbare Stahlmenge in kg/h bei einer bestimmten Generatorleistung (gültig für vorliegende und ähnliche Verhältnisse): G ≈ 20N The flow rate (feed) of the tubes depends on the tube diameter and wall thickness, ie the weight of the tube per unit length, as well as on the generator output. Of course, the generator efficiency and the required heating of the pipe also play an essential role. However, since these latter influencing variables can be regarded as constant or at least not very variable in a first analysis, corresponding average numerical values can be assumed. The required generator power is: N = G · c p · Δ t 860η where N is the generator power in kW, G the continuous pipe weight in kg / h, cp the specific heat of steel (~ 0.12 kcal / kg grd.), Δt the required temperature increase of the pipe and η the total efficiency of the generator plant (approx. 0.6 to 0.75). The number 860 results from the conversion 1 kW = 860 kcal / h. If you solve Gl. (1) to G and sets η = 0, 7 and Δt ~ 240 ° C, we obtain a good usable rule of thumb for the maximum heatable steel quantity in kg / h at a certain generator power (valid for present and similar conditions): G ≈ 20 N

    Mit einem 36-kW-Mittelfrequenz-Generator würde man also rd. 720 kg/h Stahlrohr um 240 °C erwärmen können. Dieser Rechenwert wurde im Beispiel bestätigt.With a 36 kW mid-frequency generator you would therefore approx. 720 kg / h steel pipe around 240 ° C can warm up. This calculated value was confirmed in the example.

    Für Überschlagsrechnungen gilt als ungefährer Anhaltswert für den Leistungsbedarf (bei den vorliegenden und ähnlichen Verhältnissen): N ≈ 50 W kg/h For rough calculations, the approximate reference value for the power requirement (in the present and similar circumstances) is: N ≈ 50 W kg / H

    Diese Faustformeln sind natürlich nicht dimensionsrichtig, weil dimensionsbehaftete Größen (z.B. die spezifische Wärme cp mit ihrem Zahlenwert eingesetzt wurden. Trotzdem haben sich solche dimensionsfalschen Gleichungen für Betriebsbelange als recht nützlich erwiesen. Kombiniert man die Formeln für das durchlaufende Rohrgewicht mit der Formel für die erforderliche Generatorleistung, so erhält man für Stahlrohre mit einem spezifischen Gewicht y = 7 ,85 kg/dm3 eine einfache Beziehung für die größte Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit (Vorschub) eines Rohres, die bei gegebener Generatorleistung möglich ist. Muss man z. B. auf einer Rohrbeschichtungsanlage häufig Rohre verschiedener Durchmesser und Wanddicken beschichten, so gibt die folgende Formel schnell einen Anhaltswert für die größte Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit. Für andere Verhältnisse muss der Zahlenfaktor etwas verändert werden: νmax ≈ 18 N (d a -s)·s Of course, these fist formulas are not dimensionally accurate because of size-related quantities (eg, the specific heat c p with their numerical value.) Nevertheless, such dimensional-fidelity equations have proved to be quite useful for operational purposes Generator performance, for steel pipes with a specific weight y = 7, 85 kg / dm3, a simple relationship is obtained for the highest throughput speed (feed) of a pipe, which is possible for a given generator power, eg pipes are often required on a pipe coater For example, the following formula gives a rough indication of the highest throughput speed for other diameters and wall thicknesses. ν Max ≈18 N ( d a -s ) · s

    Hierin ist die Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit Vmax in m/min, die Generatorleistung N in kW, der Rohraußendurchmesser da in mm und die Rohrwanddicke s ebenfalls in mm einzusetzen.Here, the flow rate V max in m / min, the generator power N in kW, the pipe outside diameter d a in mm and the pipe wall thickness s also in mm.

    Beispiel:Example: Die Rohrbeschichtungsanlage (Bild 01) besteht aus:The pipe coating plant (Fig. 01) consists of:

  • 1) der Vorbehandlungsanlage zum Reinigen der im Anlieferungszustand meist fettigen Rohre;1) the pretreatment plant for cleaning the usually greasy pipes in the delivery state;
  • 2) dem Primer (Haftvermittler)-Becken zum Auftragen des Haftvermittlers zwischen Stahloberfläche und Kunststoffschicht (Sprüh- oder Tauchanlage);2) the primer (adhesive) -Becken for applying the bonding agent between Steel surface and plastic layer (spraying or dipping system);
  • 3) der Mittelfrequenz-Induktionsspule 1 zum Einbrennen des Primers und Verdampfen des Lösemittels;3) the medium-frequency induction coil 1 for baking the primer and evaporation of the Solvent;
  • 4) dem Radiallüfter zum schnelleren Abführen des verdampften Lösemittels;4) the radial fan for faster removal of the evaporated solvent;
  • 5) der Mittelfrequenz-Induktionsspule 2 zur Vorwärmung des Rohres5) of the medium frequency induction coil 2 for preheating the tube
  • 6) dem Wirbelsinterbecken mit integrierter Mittelfrequenz-Induktionsspule 3 zum Aufbringen der Polyamid 12 Schicht. Da das PA-Pulver einen zu geringen dielektrischen Verlustfaktor hat, erwärmt es sich nicht, während das vorgewärmte durchlaufende Stahlrohr sich sehr schnell auf die gewünschte Temperatur erwärmt. Die Schichtdicke wird beim Wirbelsintern maßgeblich durch Vorwärmtemperatur und Tauchzeit geregelt. Im Falle eines durchlaufenden Rohres bedeutet dies, dass die Schichtdicke durch die Generatorleistung und die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit des Rohres verändert werden kann. Beide können am Schaltpult unabhängig voneinander geregelt werden;6) the vortex basin with integrated center frequency induction coil 3 for application the polyamide 12 layer. Since the PA powder too low a dielectric loss factor it does not heat up, while the pre-heated continuous steel pipe heaves up a lot heated quickly to the desired temperature. The layer thickness becomes during vortex sintering governed by preheating temperature and dipping time. in case of a continuous pipe, this means that the layer thickness due to the generator power and the feed rate of the pipe can be changed. Both can am Control panel are controlled independently;
  • 7) den Einbauten im Wirbelsinterbecken, bestehend aus Luftdusche oberhalb des Rohres, um Pulveranhäufungen zu vermeiden und den Strömungsleitblechen unterhalb des Rohres, um Pulvermangel und dadurch resultierend Poren an der Unterseite des Rohres zu vermeiden. Nur durch die speziellen Einbauten kann eine gleichmäßige Schichtdicke sowohl radial, als auch axial gewährleistet werden;7) the internals in the vortex basin, consisting of air shower above the pipe to Avoid powder buildup and the flow baffles below the pipe to Lack of powder and thereby resulting in pores on the bottom of the tube to avoid. Only through the special internals can a uniform layer thickness both radially, as also be guaranteed axially;
  • 8) der Mittelfrequenz-Induktionsspule 4 zur Glättung der nicht komplett aufgeschmolzenen Polyamid-Schicht;8) of the middle frequency induction coil 4 for smoothing the not completely melted Polyamide layer;
  • 9) der Schmelzstrecke, die benötigt wird, um den nach dem Austritt des Rohres aus der Mittelfrequenz-Induktionsspule 4 anhaftenden Polyamidbelag durchzuschmelzen und glattzuschmelzen. Die Schicht ist während des Durchlaufens noch heiß und weich und kann daher leicht verletzt werden. Das Rohr darf daher in dieser Phase nicht über Rollen geführt werden.9) of the melting line, which is needed to the after the exit of the tube from the Durchzuschmelzen center adhesive induction coil 4 adhering polyamide coating and glattzuschmelzen. The layer is still hot and soft while running and can therefore easily injured. The pipe must therefore not be guided over rollers at this stage become.
  • 10) der Luftdusche zum Vorabkühlen der Rohroberfläche. Die Rohroberflächentemperatur wird dadurch unter den Schmelzpunkt des Polyamids geregelt;10) of the air shower for pre-cooling the pipe surface. The tube surface temperature is thereby controlled below the melting point of the polyamide;
  • 11) der Wasserkühlung. Das Rohr läuft in eine Wasserrinne, in der die Schicht weiter abkühlt und erhärtet, so dass hier wieder eine Führung über Rollen möglich ist.11) of the water cooling. The pipe runs into a gully, where the layer cools down further and hardens, so that here again a guide on roles is possible.

    • Die Ergebnisse einer Versuchsreihe auf der beschriebenen Anlage sind in Tabelle 1 zusammengefasst. Für die Beispiele 1 bis 7 wurde jeweils Polyamid 12 Fällpulver vom Typ VESTOSINT 2157 der Degussa AG eingesetzt. Bei allen angegebenen Beispielen fand keine Vorbehandlung durch Chromatieren statt.

    Figure 00080001
    The results of a series of experiments on the plant described are summarized in Table 1. For Examples 1 to 7 respectively polyamide 12 precipitation powder of the type VESTOSINT 2157 Degussa AG was used. In all the examples given no pretreatment by chromating took place.
    Figure 00080001

    Prüfungen an geprimerten RohrenTests on primed pipes

  • a) TL 222 Korrosionsschutzüberzüge auf Bremsrohren (Oberflächenschutzanforderungen) Ausf. D-Zn/PA Korrosionsbeständigkeit: Prüfdauer 500 h mit Ritzspur gemäß DIN 53 167; Unterwanderung Wb ≤ 2mmKorrosionsbeständigkeit: Prüfdauer 500 h im Anschluss an Steinschlagtest gemäß PV 1213; keine GrundmetallkorrosionKorrosionsbeständigkeit: Prüfdauer 1000 h; keine Zinkkorrosion, keine Grundmetallkorrosion sowie kein Ablösen der PA-Schicht
    Chemikalienbeständigkeit:
    nach TL 222 Punkt 5; keine Blasenbildung oder Erweichen der Kunststoffschicht aufgetreten Nach 24-stündigem Ablüften und anschließendem Wickeln um einen Dorn (360°) von 16 mm keine sichtbaren Risse oder folienartige Ablösungen des PA-Überzuges aufgetreten
    a) TL 222 Corrosion protection coatings on brake pipes (surface protection requirements) Design D-Zn / PA Corrosion resistance: test duration 500 h with scratch track in accordance with DIN 53 167; Infiltration Wb ≤ 2mmcorrosion resistance: test duration 500 h following stone impact test according to PV 1213; no base metal corrosion corrosion resistance: test duration 1000 h; no zinc corrosion, no base metal corrosion and no peeling of the PA layer
    Chemical resistance:
    after TL 222 point 5; No blistering or plastic layer softening occurred. After 24 hours of air drying and then wrapping around a 16 mm mandrel (360 °), no visible cracks or film-like peeling of the PA coating occurred
  • b) Haftungsprüfungen an geprimerten Rohren nach Wasserlagerung, Prüfung mittels Messerspitze:
  • Rohre ohne Ritzspur
  • Trockenprüfung, einen Tag nach der Beschichtung: sehr gute Haftung
  • Trockenprüfung, einen Tag nach der Beschichtung an einem gewickelten Rohr (um 16mm Dorn); sehr gute Haftung
  • 3 Tage Wasserlagerung, direkt nach Herausnahme sehr gute Haftung
  • Rohre mit Ritzspur
  • Trockenprüfüng, einen Tag nach der Beschichtung: sehr gute Haftung 3 Tage Wasserlagerung, direkt nach Herausnahme sehr gute Haftung
    • b) Adhesion tests on primed tubes after water storage, test by knife tip:
  • Pipes without scratch track
  • Dry test, one day after coating: very good adhesion
  • Dry test, one day after coating on a coiled tube (by 16mm mandrel); very good adhesion
  • 3 days water storage, directly after removal very good adhesion
  • Pipes with scratch track
  • Dry test, one day after coating: very good adhesion 3 days water storage, immediately after taking out very good adhesion

    • 11
    Reinigungsanlagepurifier
    22
    Antrieb 1Drive 1
    33
    Primerstationprimer station
    44
    Induktion 1 (Spule I - Primertrocknung)Induction 1 (coil I - primer drying)
    55
    Induktion 2 (Spule V - Primertrocknung)Induction 2 (coil V - primer drying)
    66
    Radiallüfter 1Radial fan 1
    77
    Radiallüfter 2Radial fan 2
    88th
    Antrieb 2Drive 2
    99
    Induktion 3 (Vorwärmung)Induction 3 (preheating)
    1010
    Auflagerolle 1Support roller 1
    1111
    Wirbelsinterbecken inkl. Induktion 4Swirling pool incl. Induction 4
    1212
    Induktion (Glättung)Induction (smoothing)
    1313
    ROHRPIPE
    1414
    AbblasdüseBlow Off
    1515
    Auflagerolle 2Support roller 2
    1616
    Wasserbeckenwater basin
    1717
    Auflagerolle 3Support roller 3
    1818
    Auflagerolle 4Support roller 4
    1919
    Antrieb 4Drive 4
    2020
    Antrieb 5 (Raupenabzug)Drive 5 (caterpillar take-off)
    2121
    Hackerhacker

    Claims (11)

    1. A process for the chromate-free outer coating of a pipe by fluidized-bed coating with the aid of a pulverulent fusible polymer as coating material, which comprises:
      1) cleaning the pipe in a pretreatment system,
      2) applying a primer to the pipe,
      3) with a medium-frequency induction coil, baking the primer, and, if a solvent-containing primer is used, evaporating the solvent,
      4) using a radial fan for faster dissipation of the evaporated solvent,
      5) using a medium-frequency induction coil for preheating the pipe,
      6) using a fluidized-bed coating pan with, if desired, integrated medium-frequency induction coil to apply a coating,
      7) using internals in the fluidized-bed coating pan, comprising an air-flush system above the pipe to eliminate powder accumulation and comprising metal flow-guide panels below the pipe for eliminating powder deficit and resultant pores on the underside of the pipe,
      8) if desired using a medium-frequency induction coil to smooth the incompletely molten coating,
      9) in a melting section, thoroughly melting the adherent coating deposit and producing a smooth melt,
      10)using an air-flush system for preliminary cooling of the pipe surface,
      11)using water cooling to further cool and harden the coating.
    2. A process according to claim 1,
      characterized in that,
      the induction coils under items 6 and 8 are used as follows, depending on the layer thickness of the coating:
      induction coil 8 used,
      or induction coil 6 used,
      or induction coils 6 and 8 used.
    3. A process for the chromate-free outer coating of a pipe by fluidized-bed coating with the aid of a pulverulent fusible polymer as coating material, which comprises:
      1) cleaning the pipe in a pretreatment system,
      2) applying a primer to the pipe,
      3) with a medium-frequency induction coil, baking the primer, and, if a solvent-containing primer is used, evaporating the solvent,
      4) using a radial fan for faster dissipation of the evaporated solvent,
      5) if desired using a medium-frequency induction coil for preheating the pipe,
      6) using a fluidized-bed coating pan with integrated medium-frequency induction coil to apply a coating,
      7) using internals in the fluidized-bed coating pan, comprising an air-flush system above the pipe to eliminate powder accumulation and comprising metal flow-guide panels below the pipe for eliminating powder deficit and resultant pores on the underside of the pipe,
      8) if desired using a medium-frequency induction coil to smooth the incompletely molten coating,
      9) in a melting section, thoroughly melting the adherent coating deposit and producing a smooth melt,
      10) using an air-flush system for preliminary cooling of the pipe surface,
      11) using water cooling to further cool and harden the coating.
    4. A process according to Claim 3,
      characterized in that
      the induction coils under items 5 and 8 are used as follows, depending on the layer thickness of the coating:
      induction coils 5 and 8 used,
      or induction coil 8 used,
      or induction coil 5 used.
    5. A process according to any one of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that
      polyamide is used as coating material.
    6. A process according to any one of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that
      use is made of nylon-11 or nylon-12.
    7. A process according to any one of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that
      use is made of nylon-12 in the form of precipitated powder.
    8. A process according to any one of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that
      a commercially available adhesion promoter is applied in the form of suspension, solution, or powder.
    9. A process according to any one of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that
      the polymer layer amounts to from 50 to 1 000 µm and the mean deviation does not exceed 30%.
    10. A process according to any one of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that
      the polymer layer amounts to from 50 to 300 µm and the mean deviation does not exceed 30%.
    11. A process according to any one of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that
      the polymer layer amounts to from 50 to 300 µm and the mean deviation does not exceed 20%.
    EP03012962A 2002-07-23 2003-06-07 Process for continuously and chromate free coating a pipe in a fluidized bed Expired - Lifetime EP1384523B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE10233345A DE10233345A1 (en) 2002-07-23 2002-07-23 Continuous chromate-free pipe coatings by fluidized bed sintering
    DE10233345 2002-07-23

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1384523A1 EP1384523A1 (en) 2004-01-28
    EP1384523B1 true EP1384523B1 (en) 2005-08-17

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    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP03012962A Expired - Lifetime EP1384523B1 (en) 2002-07-23 2003-06-07 Process for continuously and chromate free coating a pipe in a fluidized bed

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    DE102009015533B9 (en) 2009-04-02 2011-01-13 Babcock Borsig Service Gmbh Method and apparatus for coating metallic pipes or other long components of limited cross section
    DE102012101651A1 (en) * 2012-02-29 2013-08-29 Thyssenkrupp Rothe Erde Gmbh Method for producing a roller bearing cage for an axial-radial roller bearing and axial-radial roller bearing
    DE102012101649A1 (en) * 2012-02-29 2013-08-29 Thyssenkrupp Rothe Erde Gmbh Method for producing a roller bearing cage, in particular for slewing bearings, and device for carrying out the method
    IT201700047436A1 (en) * 2017-05-03 2018-11-03 Ima Spa Method for coating bulk material
    CN110076059B (en) * 2019-03-18 2021-11-05 北京丰隆汇技术有限公司 Snap spring hanging point powder supplementing method
    CN112893061B (en) * 2021-01-18 2022-02-25 南京和涛塑胶有限公司 Production process of N-HAP hot-dip plastic steel pipe

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    CA2435690A1 (en) 2004-01-23
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