EP1381415A1 - Procede d'injection intradermique de substances - Google Patents

Procede d'injection intradermique de substances

Info

Publication number
EP1381415A1
EP1381415A1 EP01927023A EP01927023A EP1381415A1 EP 1381415 A1 EP1381415 A1 EP 1381415A1 EP 01927023 A EP01927023 A EP 01927023A EP 01927023 A EP01927023 A EP 01927023A EP 1381415 A1 EP1381415 A1 EP 1381415A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
skin
substance
needle
tip
set forth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP01927023A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Paul G. Alchas
Philippe Emile Fernand Laurent
John A. Mikszta
Jason Brent Alarcon
Phil G. Green
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Becton Dickinson and Co
Original Assignee
Becton Dickinson and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Becton Dickinson and Co filed Critical Becton Dickinson and Co
Publication of EP1381415A1 publication Critical patent/EP1381415A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/46—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for controlling depth of insertion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M2005/3103—Leak prevention means for distal end of syringes, i.e. syringe end for mounting a needle
    • A61M2005/3104—Caps for syringes without needle

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a method for delivering substances such as drugs, vaccines and the like used in the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, treatment, or cure of diseases into the skin of an animal using an injection device having a needle cannula and a limiter for engaging the surface of the skin and limiting penetration of the tip of the needle cannula into the skin, and more specifically to a method for injecting such substances intradermally, i.e., preferably from approximately 1.0 mm to approximately 2.0 mm, and most preferably around 1.5 mm ⁇ 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm, such that the substance is injected into the dermis layer of the animal.
  • the method of the present invention includes fixing the orientation of the needle cannula, i.e., so that the needle cannula is preferably generally perpendicular to the plane of the skin engaging surface of the limiter within about fifteen degrees, and the skin engaging surface is generally flat.
  • Intradermal injections are used for delivering a variety of substances.
  • hepatitis B vaccines administered intradermally are more imunogenic than if administered intramuscularly.
  • substances have been injected intradermally for diagnostic testing, such as, for example using what is known in the art as the "Mantoux test" to determine the immunity status of the animal against tuberculosis and the immediate hypersensitivity status of Type I allergic diseases.
  • An intradermal injection is made by delivering the substance into the epidermis and upper layers of the dermis.
  • Below the dermis layer is subcutaneous tissue (also sometimes referred to as the hypodermis layer) and muscle tissue, in that order.
  • subcutaneous tissue also sometimes referred to as the hypodermis layer
  • muscle tissue in that order.
  • the skin thickness There is considerable variation in the skin thickness both between individuals and within the same individual at different sites of the body.
  • the outer skin layer, epidermis has a thickness between 50-200 microns
  • the dermis, the inner and thicker layer of the skin has a thickness between 1.5-3.5 mm.
  • a needle cannula that penetrates the skin deeper than about 3.0 mm has a potential of passing through the dermis layer of the skin and making the injection into the subcutaneous region, which may result in an insufficient immune response, especially where the substance to be delivered intradermally has not been indicated for subcutaneous injection.
  • the needle cannula may penetrate the skin at too shallow a depth to deliver the substance and result in what is commonly known in the art as a "wet injection" because of reflux of the substance from the injection site.
  • the standard procedure for making an intradermal injection is known to be difficult to perform, and therefore dependent upon experience and technique.
  • This procedure is recommended to be performed by stretching the skin, orienting the bevel of a 26 Gauge short bevel needle cannula upwardly and inserting the needle cannula to deliver a volume of 0.5 ml or less of the substance into the skin of an animal with the needle cannula being inserted into the skin at an angle varying from around 10-15 degrees relative to the plane of the skin to form a blister or wheal in which the substance is deposited or otherwise contained.
  • the technique utilized to perform the standard intradermal injection is difficult and requires the attention of a trained nurse or medical doctor.
  • Procedural errors as described above result in delivering the contents of the injection into the subcutaneous layer, which can reduce the effectiveness of the injection, as well as possibly deliver the substance in a way not approved for delivery.
  • Intradermal injections performed by using the standard procedure also are known to cause a significant amount of pain to the recipient of the injection because the needle cannula is inserted into the skin at an angle of about 10-15 degrees. By inserting the needle cannula at this angle, about 5 mm to about 6 mm of the needle is actually inserted into the skin. This results in a significant disruption of the pain receptors dispersed throughout the upper layers of the skin.
  • the method includes fixing the orientation of the needle cannula relative to the skin and engaging the surface of the skin to limit the depth of penetration of the needle cannula into the skin, i.e., preferably from approximately 1.0 mm to approximately 2.0 mm, and most preferably around 1.5 mm ⁇ 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm, to avoid entry into the subcutaneous layer.
  • the method includes applying pressure to the surface of the skin to facilitate delivery of the substance, particularly formation of a blister or wheal in the skin in which the substance is deposited or otherwise contained. Further, the pressure applied masks the pain derived from the intradermal injection by stimulating the muscle fibers to block the pain receptors.
  • Many substances have proven to be more effective when injected intradermally in the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, treatment, or cure of diseases. These include several drugs and vaccines such as, for example, influenza vaccines, hepatitis B vaccine, rabies vaccines tuberculin test substance and many others. These vaccines, drugs and the like will hereinafter be referred to as substances. It is also possible to self- administer intradermal injections by the method of this invention.
  • the hypodermic needle assembly set forth above includes the elements necessary to perform the present invention directed to an improved method of making an intradermal injection into the skin of an animal including the steps of providing a drug delivery device including a needle cannula having a forward needle tip and the needle cannula being in fluid communication with a substance contained in the drug delivery device and including a limiter portion surrounding the needle cannula and the limiter portion including a skin engaging surface, with the needle tip of the needle cannula extending from the limiter portion beyond the skin engaging surface a distance equal to approximately 0.5 mm to approximately 3.0 mm and the needle cannula having a fixed angle of orientation relative to a plane of the skin engaging surface of the limiter portion, inserting the needle tip into the skin of an animal and engaging the surface of the skin with the skin engaging surface of the limiter portion, such that the skin engaging surface of the limiter portion limits penetration of the needle cannula tip into the dermis layer of the skin of the animal, and expelling the substance from the drug delivery device through
  • the substance is selected from the group consisting of drugs, vaccines and the like used in the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, treatment, or cure of diseases.
  • the fixed angle of orientation of the needle cannula is further defined as being generally perpendicular to the plane of the skin engaging surface of the limiter portion within about fifteen degrees, and most preferably within about five degrees, substantially ninety degrees relative to the plane of the skin engaging surface of the limiter portion.
  • the drug delivery device includes a syringe having a barrel and a plunger rod preferably including a stopper received within the barrel therein and the plunger rod being depressable to expel the substance from the delivery device through the tip of the needle cannula, with the barrel including a barrel tip and the needle cannula forms part of a needle assembly attachable to and in fluid communication with the barrel tip.
  • the preferred embodiment of the method includes the step of selecting an injection sight on the skin of the animal and includes the step of cleaning the injection sight on the skin of the animal prior to expelling the substance from the drug delivery device into the skin of the animal.
  • the method includes the step of filling the drug delivery device with the substance.
  • the method includes the steps of pressing the skin engaging surface of the limiter portion against the skin of the animal and applying pressure, thereby stretching the skin of the animal, and withdrawing the needle cannula from the skin after injecting the substance.
  • the step of inserting the forward tip into the skin is further defined by inserting the forward tip into the skin to a depth of from approximately 1.0 mm to approximately 2.0 mm, and most preferably into the skin to a depth of 1.5 mm + 0.2 to 0.3 mm.
  • the preferred substance comprises an influenza vaccine, a hepatitis B vaccine, a rabies vaccine, a cancer vaccine, a genetic based vaccine or a tuberculin test substance.
  • the present invention is directed to a method of making an intradermal injection with a drug delivery device having a limiter with a skin engaging surface limiting the depth a needle cannula can be inserted into the skin of an animal including the steps of exposing a forward tip of the needle cannula extending from a limiter beyond a skin engaging surface a distance equal to approximately 0.5 mm to approximately 3.0 mm and the needle cannula having a fixed angle of orientation relative to the skin engaging surface of the limiter, inserting the forward tip of the needle cannula into the skin of the animal at until the skin engaging surface contacts the skin of the animal, and expelling a substance from the device into the dermis layer of the skin of the animal.
  • the step of inserting the forward tip into the skin of the animal is further defined by inserting the forward tip into the skin at an angle being generally perpendicular to the skin within about fifteen degrees, with the angle most preferably being generally ninety degrees to the skin, within about five degrees, and the fixed angle of orientation relative to the skin engaging surface is further defined as being generally perpendicular.
  • the limiter surrounds the needle cannula, having a generally planar flat skin engaging surface.
  • the drug delivery device comprises a syringe having a barrel and a plunger received within the barrel and the plunger being depressable to expel the substance from the delivery device through the forward tip of the needle cannula.
  • expelling the substance from the delivery device is further defined by grasping the hypodermic needle with a first hand and depressing the plunger with an index finger of a second hand and expelling the substance from the delivery device by grasping the hypodermic needle with a first hand and depressing the plunger on the hypodermic needle with a thumb of a second hand, with the step of inserting the forward tip into the skin of the animal further defined by pressing the skin of the animal with the limiter.
  • the method may includes the step of attaching a needle assembly to a tip of the barrel of the syringe with the needle assembly including the needle cannula and the limiter, and includes the step of exposing the tip of the barrel before attaching the needle assembly thereto by removing a cap from the tip of the barrel.
  • the step of inserting the forward tip of the needle into the skin of the animal may be further defined by simultaneously grasping the hypodermic needle with a first hand and pressing the limiter against the skin of the animal thereby stretching the skin of the animal, and expelling the substance by depressing the plunger with an index finger of the first hand or expelling the substance by depressing the plunger with a thumb of the first hand.
  • the method further includes withdrawing the forward tip of the needle cannula from the skin of the animal after the substance has been injected into the skin of the animal. Still further, the method includes inserting the forward tip into the skin preferably to a depth of from approximately 1.0 mm to approximately 2.0 mm, and most preferably to a depth of 1.5 mm + 0.2 to 0.3 mm.
  • the substance intradermally delivered in accordance with the method of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of drugs, vaccines and the like used in the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, treatment, or cure of disease, with the drugs including Alpha- 1 anti-trypsin, Anti-Angiogenesis agents, Antisense, butorphanol, Calcitonin and analogs, Ceredase, COX-II inhibitors, dermatological agents, dihydroergotamine, Dopamine agonists and antagonists, Enkephalins and other opioid peptides, Epidermal growth factors, Erythropoietin and analogs, Follicle stimulating hormone, G-CSF, Glucagon, GM- CSF, granisetron, Growth hormone and analogs (including growth hormone releasing hormone), Growth hormone antagonists, Hirudin and Hirudin analogs such as hirulog, IgE suppressors, Insulin, insulinotropin and analogs, Insulin-like growth factors, Interferons, Inter
  • Another embodiment of the method of the present invention of making an intradermal injection into the skin of an animal includes the steps of providing a drug delivery device with a prefillable container including a needle cannula having a forward needle tip and the needle cannula being in fluid communication with a substance contained in the prefillable container and including a limiter portion surrounding the needle cannula and the limiter portion including a skin engaging surface, with the needle tip of the needle cannula extending from the limiter portion beyond the skin engaging surface and the needle cannula having a fixed angle of orientation relative to a plane of the skin engaging surface of the limiter portion, inserting the needle tip into the skin of an animal and engaging the surface of the skin with the skin engaging surface of the limiter portion such that the skin engaging surface of the hmiter portion limits penetration of the needle tip into the dermis layer of the skin of the animal, and expelling the substance from the drug delivery device through the needle tip into the skin of the animal.
  • the method of the present invention is directed to intradermally injecting an influenza vaccine into the skin of an animal including the steps of providing a drug delivery device including a needle cannula having a forward needle tip and the needle cannula being in fluid communication with an influenza vaccine contained in the drug delivery device and including a limiter portion surrounding the needle cannula and the limiter portion including a skin engaging surface, with the needle tip of the needle cannula extending from the limiter portion beyond the skin engaging surface a distance equal to approximately 0.5 mm to approximately 3.0 mm and the needle cannula having a fixed angle of orientation relative to a plane of the skin engaging surface of the limiter portion, inserting the needle tip into the skin of an animal and engaging the surface of the skin with the skin engaging surface of the limiter portion such that the skin engaging surface of the limiter portion limits penetration of the needle tip into the dermis layer of the skin of the animal and not into the subcutaneous tissue, and expelling the influenza vaccine from the drug delivery device through the needle tip into the
  • the fixed angle of orientation of the needle cannula is further defined as being generally perpendicular to the plane of the planar skin engaging surface of the limiter portion, within about fifteen degrees, and most preferably the fixed angle of being ninety degrees relative to the plane of the skin engaging surface of the limiter portion within about five degrees.
  • the method preferably includes inserting the forward tip into the skin to a depth of from approximately 1.0 mm to approximately 2.0 mm, and most preferably to a depth of 1.5 mm + 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded, perspective illustration of a needle assembly designed according to this invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional illustration of the embodiment of
  • Figure 3 shows the embodiment of Figure 2 attached to a syringe body to form an injection device.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of one technique for making the intradermal injection of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of a second technique for making the intradermal injection of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of a third technique for making the intradermal injection of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of a fourth technique for making the intradermal injection of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a bar chart showing the B-gal expression levels of the clinical trials on swine skin.
  • Figure 9 is a histogram showing the results of a survey of the subjects pain perception relevant from the human clinical trial.
  • Figure 10 is a flow chart diagram that schematically illustrates preparation of the device for use in intradermally injecting substances, including filling the device with the substance.
  • Figures 1 - 3 of the drawings illustrate an example of a drug delivery device which can be used to practice the methods of the present invention for making intradermal injections illustrated in Figures 4 - 7.
  • the device 10 illustrated in Figures 1-3 includes a needle assembly 20 which can be attached to a syringe barrel 60.
  • Other forms of delivery devices may be used including pens of the types disclosed in U.S.
  • the method of the present invention can be used to intradermally inject substances, other than food, such as drugs, vaccines and the like used in the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, treatment, or cure of disease into the skin of an animal such as a human, referred to collectively herein as "substances”.
  • the needle assembly 20 includes a hub 22 that supports a needle cannula 24.
  • the limiter 26 receives at least a portion of the hub 22 so that the limiter 26 generally surrounds the needle cannula 24 as best seen in Figure 2.
  • One end 30 of the hub 22 is able to be secured to a receiver 32 of a syringe.
  • a variety of syringe types for containing the substance to be intradermally delivered according to the present invention can be used with a needle assembly designed, with several examples being given below.
  • the opposite end of the hub 22 preferably includes extensions 34 that are nestingly received against abutment surfaces 36 within the limiter 26.
  • a plurality of ribs 38 preferably are provided on the limiter 26 to provide structural integrity and to facilitate handling the needle assembly 20.
  • the distance "d” preferably is in a range from approximately 0.5 mm to approximately 3.0 mm, and most preferably around 1.5 mm ⁇ 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm.
  • the forward end 40 of the needle cannula 24 extends beyond the skin engaging surface 42 a distance within that range, an intradermal injection is ensured because the needle is unable to penetrate any further than the typical dermis layer of an animal.
  • the outer skin layer, epidermis has a thickness between 50-200 microns
  • the dermis, the inner and thicker layer of the skin has a thickness between 1.5-3.5 mm.
  • Below the dermis layer is subcutaneous tissue (also sometimes referred to as the hypodermis layer) and muscle tissue, in that order.
  • the Hmiter 26 includes an opening 44 through which the forward end 40 of the needle cannula 24 protrudes.
  • the dimensional relationship between the opening 44 and the forward end 40 can be controlled depending on the requirements of a particular situation.
  • the skin engaging surface 42 is generally planar or flat and continuous to provide a stable placement of the needle assembly 20 against an animal's skin.
  • the generally planar skin engaging surface 42 may include either raised portions in the form of ribs or recessed portions in the form of grooves in order to enhance stability or facilitate attachment of a needle shield to the needle tip 40.
  • the ribs 38 along the sides of the limiter 26 may be extended beyond the plane of the skin engaging surface 42.
  • the preferred embodiment includes enough generally planar or flat surface area that contacts the skin to facilitate stabilizing the injector relative to the animal's skin.
  • the skin engaging surface 42 facilitates maintaining the injector in a generally perpendicular orientation relative to the skin surface and facilitates the application of pressure against the skin during injection.
  • the hmiter has dimension or outside diameter of at least 5 mm. The major dimension will depend upon the application and packaging limitations, but a convenient diameter is less than 15 mm or more preferably 11-12 mm.
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a two- piece assembly where the hub 22 is made separate from the limiter 26, a device for use in connection with the invention is not limited to such an arrangement.
  • Forming the hub 22 and limiter 26 integrally from a single piece of plastic material is an alternative to the example shown in Figures 1 and 2. Additionally, it is possible to adhesively or otherwise secure the hub 22 to the limiter 26 in the position illustrated in Figure 2 so that the needle assembly 20 becomes a single piece unit upon assembly.
  • Having a hub 22 and hmiter 26 provides the advantage of making an intradermal needle practical to manufacture.
  • the preferred needle size is a small Gauge hypodermic needle, commonly known as a 30 Gauge or 31 Gauge needle.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the needle assembly 20 secured to a drug container such as a syringe 60 to form the device 10.
  • a generally cylindrical syringe body 62 can be made of plastic or glass as is known in the art.
  • the syringe body 62 provides a reservoir 64 for containing the substance to be administered during an injection.
  • a plunger rod 66 has a manual activation flange 68 at one end with a stopper 70 at an opposite end as known in the art. Manual movement of the plunger rod 66 through the reservoir 64 forces the substance within the reservoir 64 to be expelled out of the end 40 of the needle as desired.
  • the hub 22 can be secured to the syringe body 62 in a variety of known manners.
  • an interference fit is provided between the interior of the hub 22 and the exterior of the outlet port portion 72 of the syringe body 62.
  • a conventional Luer fit arrangement is provided to secure the hub 22 on the end of the syringe 60.
  • needle assembly designed is readily adaptable to a wide variety of conventional syringe styles.
  • This invention provides an intradermal needle injector that is adaptable to be used with a variety of syringe types. Therefore, this invention provides the significant advantage of facilitating manufacture and assembly of intradermal needles on a mass production scale in an economical fashion.
  • the intradermal delivery device including the needle assembly 20 and drug container 60, its operation and use in practicing the methods of the present invention for intradermally injecting substances is described below.
  • an injection site upon the skin of the animal is selected and cleaned.
  • the forward end 40 of the needle cannula 24 is inserted into the skin of the animal at an angle of generally 90 degrees until the skin engaging surface 42 contacts the skin.
  • the skin engaging surface 42 prevents the needle cannula 42 from passing through the dermis layer of the skin and injecting the substance into the subcutaneous layer.
  • the needle cannula 42 While the needle cannula 42 is inserted into the skin, the substance is intradermally injected.
  • the substance may be prefilled into the syringe 60, either substantially before and stored therein just prior to making the injection.
  • Several variations of the method of performing the injection may be utilized depending upon individual preferences and syringe type.
  • the penetration of the needle cannula 42 is most preferably no more than about 1.5 mm because the skin engaging surface 42 prevents any further penetration.
  • the forward end 40 of the needle cannula 42 is embedded in the dermis layer of the skin which results in a reasonable amount of back pressure during the injection of the substance.
  • This back pressure could be on the order of 76 psi.
  • a syringe barrel 60 with a small inside diameter is preferred such as 0.183" (4.65 mm) or less.
  • the method of this invention thus includes selecting a syringe for injection having an inside diameter of sufficient width to generate a force sufficient to overcome the back pressure of the dermis layer when the substance is expelled from the syringe to make the injection.
  • a syringe barrel 60 with a small inside diameter is preferred to minimize dead space which could result in wasted substance captured between the stopper 70 and the shoulder of the syringe after the injection is completed.
  • a syringe barrel with a small inside diameter is preferred to minimize air head space between the level of the substance and the stopper 70 during process of inserting the stopper.
  • the small inside diameter enhances the ability to inspect and visualize the volume of the substance within the barrel of the syringe.
  • the syringe 60 may be grasped with a first hand 112 and the plunger 66 depressed with the forefinger 114 of a second hand 116.
  • the plunger 66 may be depressed by the thumb 118 of the second hand 116 while the syringe 60 is held by the first hand.
  • the skin of the animal is depressed, and stretched by the skin engaging surface 42 on the hmiter 26. The skin is contacted by neither the first hand 112 nor the second hand 116.
  • An additional variation has proven effective for administering the intradermal injection of the present invention.
  • This variation includes gripping the syringe 60 with the same hand that is used to depress the plunger 66.
  • Figure 10 shows the syringe 60 being gripped with the first hand 112 while the plunger is simultaneously depressed with the thumb 120 of the first hand 112.
  • This variation includes stretching the skin with the second hand 114 while the injection is being made.
  • the grip is reversed and the plunger is depressed by the forefinger 122 of the first hand 112 while the skin is being stretched by the second hand 116.
  • this manual stretching of the skin is unnecessary and merely represents a variation out of habit from using the standard technique.
  • the needle cannula 24 is inserted only about 1.5 mm into the skin of the animal. Subsequent to administering the injection, the needle cannula 24 is withdrawn from the skin and the syringe 60 and needle assembly 20 are disposed of in an appropriate manner.
  • the variations were utilized in clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of both the needle assembly 20 and the present method of administering the intradermal injection.
  • Background b-gal activity in the control group combines data from 30 Gauge needle cannula delivered with the standard procedure and 26.6 Gauge needle utiHzing the Hmiter 26 and the present method. There was no discernable difference detected, as there was no difference in activity between the control groups.
  • Mean b-gal activity was determined for both the standard procedure and the technique of the present method.
  • Mean b-gal activity is represented by the bars, and activity within individual skin sites is represented by the dots on the chart shown in Figure 8.
  • there was high variability in each of the groups, standard procedure, present method, and control there was a significant increase in b-gal activity in the standard procedure and the present technique compared to the control group.
  • the subjects comprised various ethnic groups to determine if ethnicity would have any impact upon functionahty. These groups included:
  • a 26 Gauge 3/8 inch needle cannula with an intradermal bevel was utilized for the standard procedure, which includes inserting the needle into the skin at a fifteen degree angle in order to avoid delivering a subcutaneous injection.
  • a 30 Gauge Vi needle with an intradermal bevel was used with the limiter 26 to administer the intradermal injection utiHzing the present method (generally ninety degree insertion of the needle cannula) for comparison with the standard procedure.
  • Each of the nurses were instructed to insert the needle cannula into the skin until the skin engaging surface 42 made tight contact with the skin, compressing the skin.
  • Each nurse used one of the variations associated with the limiter 42 and described above to administer the intradermal injection using the present method.
  • the variation chosen by each nurse was based upon individual preference.
  • Each syringe was filled with 110 ⁇ l of saline solution.
  • the saHne solution was delivered via separate injections into the volar forearm and deltoid region.
  • the site into which the injection was made was examined for a satisfactory tense white wheal resulting from the injection of the saline solution. The existence of a white wheal indicates a successful injection has been made.
  • Other variables were analyzed during the trial including the amount of pain experienced by each of the subjects following the sahne injection, the subjects preference for the variation used, and the nurses preferences.
  • a tuberculin syringe was filled with 110 ⁇ l of saline solution. The air was purged and the filling needle was removed prior to attaching the appropriate intradermal needle as defined by a randomization schedule developed for the trial.
  • Each subject was administered eight intradermal injections, two with 100 ⁇ l of saline solution into the right and left volar forearms, and two with 100 ⁇ l of saline into the right and left deltoid region.
  • One injection from each pair was given utiHzing the present method of the instant invention and one injection was given utilizing the standard procedure.
  • Each of the injections were administered according to a Randomized Schedule developed for the clinical trial.
  • Figure 9 shows a histogram of the pain perceived by each of the subjects corresponding to the method used to make the intradermal injection.
  • the present method proved to be significantly less painful for the subjects than the standard method. This is beHeved to be in part due to the reduction in the length of needle cannula that is inserted into the skin.
  • the present method results in only 1.5 mm of needle cannula being inserted into the skin.
  • the standard procedure because of the injection angle of fifteen degrees, results in the needle cannula being inserted at least twice that amount to reach the depth required to make the injection.
  • the present method proved much less painful than the standard procedure.
  • the table below indicates that the mean pain score for the standard procedure is forty percent higher " than present method described above.
  • the median pain score for the standard procedure proved to be twice that of the present method.
  • the data collected indicates that with respect to forming a tight white wheal the present method performed generally as well as the standard procedure.
  • Each of the nurses was surveyed with respect to their preference for the standard procedure or the present method with respect to a particular injection. The nurses indicated a substantial preference for the present method in response to several inquiries. The first was an inquiry as to which intradermal injection was thought to be best relative to each patient. Table 3 indicates the nurses had a significant overall preference for the present method:
  • each of the twelve nurses was surveyed about their overall satisfaction with the present method when compared to the standard procedure.
  • Each of the twelve nurses indicated that it was easy to keep the skin engaging surface 42 against the skin of the subject when administering the intradermal injection.
  • Eight of the nurses indicated the overall performance of the present method was excellent. Three indicated the overall performance was better than acceptable and only one indicated the performance was less than acceptable.
  • Eleven of the twelve nurses indicated a preference for the present method while only one indicated no preference.
  • All twelve of the nurses indicated the present method was easier to perform than the standard procedure.
  • the nurses were evenly split as to the ease in of injecting the saline solution between the two procedures with two nurses having no preference. All twelve nurses indicated the present method proved easier to keep the needle in the proper place.
  • the method of the present invention may be used to intradermally inject various substance selected from the group consisting of drugs, vaccines and the like used in the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, treatment, or cure of diseases.
  • drugs such as Alpha-1 anti- trypsin, Anti-Angiogenesis agents, Antisense, butorphanol, Calcitonin and analogs, Ceredase, COX-II inhibitors, dermatological agents, dihydroergotamine, Dopamine agonists and antagonists, Enkephalins and other opioid peptides, Epidermal growth factors, Erythropoietin and analogs, Follicle stimulating hormone, G-CSF, Glucagon, GM-CSF, granisetron, Growth hormone and analogs (including growth hormone releasing hormone), Growth hormone antagonists, Hirudin and Hirudin analogs such as hirulog, IgE suppressors, Insulin, insulinotropin and analogs, Insulin-like growth factors, Interferons, Interleukins, lacnizing hormone, andnizing hormone releasing hormone and analogs, Low molecular weight heparin, M-CSF, metoclopramide, Midazolam, Monoclo
  • Agents for the common cold include anti-addiction, anti-allergy, anti-emetics, anti-obesity, antiosteoporeteic, anti-infectives, analgesics, anesthetics, anorexics, antiarthritics, antiasthmatic agents, anticonvulsants, anti-depressants, antidiabetic agents, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory agents, antimigraine preparations, antimotion sickness preparations, antinauseants, antineoplastics, antiparkinsonism drugs, antipruritics, antipsychotics, antipyretics, antichohnergics, benzodiazepine antagonists, vasodilators, including general, coronary, peripheral and cerebral, bone stimulating agents, central nervous system stimulants, hormones, hypnotics, immunosuppressives,
  • the present invention also includes the use of the above substances in the preparation of a filled device for making an intradermal injection into the skin of an animal. Accordingly, referring now to Figure 10, an example of a way of preparing the filled devices designed according to this invention is schematically illustrated in flow chart format. When the device includes a syringe of the style illustrated in Figure 3, the following basic procedure is useful for preparing prefilling the syringes with a desired substance for such use.
  • a supply of syringe barrels 200 includes the desired form of syringe, such as those illustrated and discussed above having a first end and a second end.
  • a locally controlled environment 202 preferably is maintained in a known manner.
  • the locally controlled environment 202 preferably is situated to immediately accept the syringes without requiring any intermediate cleaning or sterilizing steps between the supply 200 and the environment 202.
  • the syringe barrels are washed with air at 204 to remove any particulates from the syringes.
  • the syringes preferably are then coated at 206 with a lubricant such as a conventional lubricating silicone oil on the inner surface.
  • the end of syringes to which the needle assembly 20 will eventually be attached may be capped with a tip cap within the environment 202.
  • tip caps are supplied at 208.
  • the tip caps are air washed at 210.
  • the cleaned tip caps and syringe barrels are conveyed to an assembly device 212 where the tip caps are secured onto the syringes.
  • the syringe barrel assemblies are then conveyed to a filHng station 214 to be filled with the desired substance.
  • the stoppers 70 are inserted into the open end of the syringes at 220. Prior to inserting the stoppers 70, they preferably are assembled with the plunger rods 66 at 222 and lubricated at 224 with a conventional lubricant in a known manner. The assembled, filled syringes preferably are inspected at 226 for defects and discharged from the locally controlled environment. [0075] Where feasible, the syringes typically will be steriHzed at 230 and packaged at 232 into individual packages or into bulk packaging depending on the needs of a particular situation.
  • Suitable sterihzation techniques are known and will be chosen by those skilled in the art depending on the needs of a particular situation or to accommodate the properties of a given substance. Sterilizing a device designed according to this invention can be completed before or after packaging. Typically, vaccines are not terminally sterilizable, particularly live vaccines.
  • the stopper can be inserted first, then fill the syringe, followed by applying a tip cap.
  • the device may be filled just prior to making the injection, particularly in situations where the substance to be injected is in a dry or reconstitutable form.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'une injection intradermique au moyen d'un dispositif d'administration de médicament contenant la substance à injecter. L'invention concerne aussi un dispositif destiné à mettre en oeuvre le procédé comportant une canule à aiguille qui possède une pointe avant et une portion de limitation comportant une surface de mise en prise avec la peau qui entoure la canule à aiguille. Cette canule à aiguille est en communication fluidique avec la substance et la pointe de la canule à aiguille s'étend au delà de la surface de mise en prise avec la peau à une distance approximativement comprise entre 0,5 et 3 mm. Selon l'invention, elle comporte un angle d'orientation fixe par rapport au plan de la surface de mise en prise avec la peau. Cette surface de mise en prise avec la peau limite la pénétration de la pointe de l'aiguille dans la peau de manière que la substance puisse être expulsée à travers la pointe de l'aiguille dans la couche dermique. De préférence, l'angle d'orientation fixe de la canule à aiguille est perpendiculaire à la surface de la peau, et la surface de mise en prise avec la peau est généralement plate.
EP01927023A 2001-04-13 2001-04-13 Procede d'injection intradermique de substances Ceased EP1381415A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2001/012251 WO2002083216A1 (fr) 2001-04-13 2001-04-13 Procede d'injection intradermique de substances

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1381415A1 true EP1381415A1 (fr) 2004-01-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01927023A Ceased EP1381415A1 (fr) 2001-04-13 2001-04-13 Procede d'injection intradermique de substances

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1381415A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004528896A (fr)
CN (1) CN1520320A (fr)
BR (1) BR0116973A (fr)
CA (1) CA2444377C (fr)
MX (1) MXPA03009369A (fr)
WO (1) WO2002083216A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2444377A1 (fr) 2002-10-24
BR0116973A (pt) 2004-10-13
MXPA03009369A (es) 2004-01-29
CA2444377C (fr) 2014-09-02
JP2004528896A (ja) 2004-09-24
CN1520320A (zh) 2004-08-11
WO2002083216A1 (fr) 2002-10-24

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