EP1380634A1 - Oxidationsstabilisierte Schmieradditive für hochentschwefelte Brennstofföle - Google Patents
Oxidationsstabilisierte Schmieradditive für hochentschwefelte Brennstofföle Download PDFInfo
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- EP1380634A1 EP1380634A1 EP03013093A EP03013093A EP1380634A1 EP 1380634 A1 EP1380634 A1 EP 1380634A1 EP 03013093 A EP03013093 A EP 03013093A EP 03013093 A EP03013093 A EP 03013093A EP 1380634 A1 EP1380634 A1 EP 1380634A1
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- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
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- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
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- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
- C10L1/1905—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polycarboxylic acids
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- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
- C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
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- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1966—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof poly-carboxylic
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- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
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- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
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- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
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- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2207/28—Esters
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- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to additives from esters between polyols and Fatty acid mixtures and alkylphenol resins with improved oxidation stability, and their use to improve the lubricating effect of highly desulfurized fuel oils.
- Mineral oils and mineral oil distillates used as fuel oils generally contain 0.5 wt .-% and more sulfur, when burning causes the formation of sulfur dioxide. To the resulting To reduce environmental pollution, the sulfur content of fuel oils lowered further and further.
- the diesel fuel standard EN 590 writes in Europe since November 1999 a maximum sulfur content of 350 ppm. Further reductions in the sulfur content are in preparation. In Scandinavia come with fuel oils with less than 50 ppm and in exceptional cases less than 10 ppm sulfur to use. These fuel oils are used in the Usually made by making those from the petroleum by distillation obtained fractions hydrogenated refined. During the desulfurization also removes other substances that give the fuel oils a natural Give lubrication. These substances include, among others polyaromatic and polar compounds.
- EP-A-0 680 506 discloses that esters of fatty acids are desulfurized Give fuel oils an improved lubricating effect. It will be particularly Called glycerol monooleate and diisodecyl adipate.
- EP-A-0 739 970 discloses the suitability of glycerol ester mixtures for Improving the lubricity of low-sulfur fuel oils. It will Compositions of various degrees of esterification of the polyol and different degrees of saturation of the fatty acids disclosed.
- EP-A-0 839 174 discloses in their lubricating effect improved fuel oils which are low in sulfur and a mixture of polyol esters with unsaturated fatty acids include.
- EP 0743972 discloses fuel oils with improved lubricity, some Lubricity improvers and a nitrogen compound include.
- EP 0935645 discloses the use of C 1 -C 30 -alkylphenol resins as lubricity additives for low-sulfur diesel.
- the examples show C 18 and C 24 alkylphenol resins.
- WO-99/61562 discloses mixtures of alkylphenol resins, nitrogenous ones Compounds and ethylene copolymers as refrigeration and lubricity additives for low sulfur diesel.
- WO 01/19941 discloses partial esters of polyhydric alcohols with unsaturated ones Fatty acids (pentaerythritol esterified with tall oil fatty acid) as lubricity additives improved cold stability.
- Lubricity additives based on unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives can with prolonged storage of the additive as well as the additive oils especially under elevated temperature to only partially oil-soluble products gum up. This can lead to the formation of viscous deposits and deposits in the additive storage container, in the fuel oil and in the engine. Stand like this z. B. the combustion and condensation products of glycerol suspected for Highly charged coke residues and deposits on the injection nozzles Diesel engines to be responsible.
- the fatty acid esters based on commercial fatty acid mixtures State of the art also show in the fuel oils additized with them pronounced tendency to emulsify. That means that when such a contact Fuel oil with water an emulsification of the water in the fuel oil takes place. These emulsions, particularly found at the oil / water phase boundary cannot be separated or only with great effort. As these emulsions as such can not be used as fuel oils, they reduce the value of Products. This problem is particularly pronounced when it comes to natural Fatty acid-based esters can be used.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide lubrication-improving additives for to find desulfurized fuel oils, one compared to the prior art improved oxidation stability and at the same time an improved effectiveness than Have lubricity additive.
- Another object of the invention are fuel oils with maximum 0.035 wt .-% sulfur content, which contain the additives according to the invention.
- Another object of the invention is the use of the invention Additives to improve the lubricating effect of fuel oils with at most 0.035% by weight sulfur content.
- Another object of the invention is a method for improving the Lubricating effect of fuel oils with a maximum sulfur content 0.035% by weight by adding the additive according to the invention to the fuel oils added.
- Preferred fatty acids which are part of the ester A) are those with 10 to 26 C atoms, in particular 12 to 22 C atoms.
- the alkyl residues or alkenyl residues of Fatty acids consist essentially of carbon and hydrogen. You can however other substituents such as e.g. Hydroxy, halogen, amino or nitro groups if they do not have the predominant hydrocarbon character affect.
- the fatty acids preferably contain at least one Double bond. You can have several double bonds, for example 2 or 3 Double bonds, contained and be of natural or synthetic origin. at polyunsaturated carboxylic acids can isolate their double bonds or also be conjugated. Mixtures of two or more unsaturated are preferred Fatty acids with 10 to 26 carbon atoms.
- fatty acid mixtures contain at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 75% by weight, specifically at least 90% by weight of the fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.
- the Iodine numbers of the fatty acids on which the esters according to the invention are based or Fatty acid mixtures are preferably above 100 g J / 100 g, particularly preferably between 105 and 190 g J / 100 g, in particular between 110 and 180 g J / 100 g and especially between 120 and 180 g l / 100 g fatty acid or fatty acid mixture.
- Suitable unsaturated fatty acids are, for example, oleic, eruca, palmitoleic, Myristoleic, linoleic, linolenic, elaeosteric, arachidonic and / or ricinoleic acid.
- those obtained from natural fats and oils are preferred Fatty acid mixtures or fractions, e.g. Peanut oil, fish, linseed oil, palm oil, Rapeseed oil, ricin oil, castor oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, safflower and Tall oil fatty acid used, which have corresponding iodine numbers.
- fatty acids are dicarboxylic acids, such as dimer fatty acids and alkyl and alkenylsuccinic acids with C 8 -C 50 alk (en) yl radicals, preferably with C 8 -C 40 , in particular with C 12 -C 22 alkyl radicals.
- the alkyl radicals can be linear or branched (oligomerized alkenes, polyisobutylene) and saturated or unsaturated.
- the dicarboxylic acids can be used as such or in mixtures with monocarboxylic acids, with mixtures of dicarboxylic acids of up to 10% by weight, in particular less than 5% by weight, being preferred in mixtures.
- the fatty acid mixtures can have minor amounts, i.e. up to 20% by weight, preferably less than 10%, in particular less than 5% and especially less than 2% saturated fatty acids such as lauric, tridecane, Myristin, pentadecane, palmitin, margarine, stearin, isostearin, arachine and Contain beenic acid.
- minor amounts i.e. up to 20% by weight, preferably less than 10%, in particular less than 5% and especially less than 2% saturated fatty acids such as lauric, tridecane, Myristin, pentadecane, palmitin, margarine, stearin, isostearin, arachine and Contain beenic acid.
- the fatty acids can further 1-40, especially 1-25 wt .-%, in particular Contain 1-5 wt .-% resin acids.
- Suitable alcohols preferably contain 2 to 6, in particular 3 to 4 Carbon atoms, and 2 to 5, especially 3 to 4 hydroxyl groups, however a maximum of one hydroxyl group per carbon atom.
- Particularly suitable alcohols are ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, Neopentylglycol and pentaerythritol as well as the condensation accessible oligomers with 2 to 10 monomer units, such as Polyglycerol.
- the partial esters are made from alcohols and fatty acids in a known manner Esterification can be produced. Alternatively, partial saponification is natural occurring fats and oils possible.
- Esters according to the invention are those which consist of a di- or polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid or a mixture can be produced from fatty acids. Both mixtures are made of, for example Mono-, di- and / or triesters, or possibly higher esters, of an alcohol various fatty acids, from mono-, di- and / or triesters, or possibly higher Esters, different alcohols with different fatty acids, as well Mixtures of mono-, di- and / or triesters, or possibly higher esters, one or several alcohols with different fatty acids. Those are preferred Esters that can be produced from a fatty acid mixture.
- the esters according to the invention preferably have iodine numbers of more than 50 g l / 100 g ester, particularly preferably between 90 and 200 g l / 100 g ester, in particular between 100 and 180 g l / 100 g ester and especially between 110 and 150 g l / 100 g ester.
- the iodine numbers result from the iodine number of the underlying fatty acid mixture and that used for the esterification Alcohol in a stoichiometric manner.
- partial esters whose OH numbers between 10 and 200 mg KOH / g ester are, particularly preferably between 100 and 200, in particular between 110 and 195, especially between 130 and 190 mg KOH / g ester.
- esters e.g. B. mixtures from mono-, di- and triglycerides, mixtures such as those used in the esterification of Polyols are created.
- alkylphenol-aldehyde resins (B) contained in the additive according to the invention are known in principle and are described, for example, in the Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Thieme Verlag 1988-92, Volume 4, pp. 3351ff. described.
- the alkyl or alkenyl radicals of the alkylphenol have 6-24, preferably 8-22, in particular 9-18, carbon atoms. They can be linear or preferably branched, the branching being able to contain secondary as well as tertiary structures.
- n- and iso-hexyl n- and iso-octyl, n- and iso-nonyl, n- and iso-decyl, n- and iso-dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl and tripropenyl, Tetrapropenyl, pentapropenyl and polyisobutenyl to C 24 .
- the prefix iso here means that the alkyl chain contains one or more secondary branches.
- the alkylphenol-aldehyde resin can also contain up to 20 mol% phenol units and / or alkylphenols with short alkyl chains such as e.g. B. contain butylphenol.
- alkylphenols can be used for the alkylphenol-aldehyde resin.
- the aldehyde in the alkylphenol-aldehyde resin has 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4 Carbon atoms and can carry other functional groups. It is preferably a aliphatic aldehyde, particularly preferably it is formaldehyde.
- the molecular weight of the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins is preferably 350- 10,000, in particular 400 - 5000 g / mol. This preferably corresponds to one Degree of condensation n from 3 to 40, in particular from 4 to 20. Prerequisite here that the resins are oil-soluble.
- these alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins are those which contain oligomers or polymers with a repetitive structural unit of the formula are where R A is C 6 -C 24 alkyl or alkenyl and n is a number from 2 to 50.
- the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins are prepared in a known manner by basic catalysis, whereby condensation products of the resol type arise, or by acidic catalysis, producing condensation products of the novolak type.
- an alkylphenol with 6 - 24, preferably 8-22, in particular 9-18, carbon atoms per alkyl group, or mixtures thereof and at least one aldehyde reacted with one another, with per mol Alkylphenol compound about 0.5-2 moles, preferably 0.7-1.3 mol and in particular equimolar amounts of aldehyde can be used.
- Suitable alkylphenols are, in particular, n- and iso-hexylphenol, n- and iso-octylphenol, n- and iso-nonylphenol, n- and iso-decylphenol, n- and iso-dodecylphenol, tetradecylphenol, hexadecylphenol, octadecylphenol, eicosylphenol, tripropetraphenylphenol, tripropenylphenol (isobutenyl) phenol to C 24 .
- the alkylphenols are preferably para-substituted.
- the alkylphenols can be one or carry several alkyl radicals. They are preferably at most 5 mol%, especially at most 20 mol% and especially at most 40 mol% with more than an alkyl group. Preferably carry at most 40 mol%, in particular at most 20 mol% of the alkylphenols used in the ortho position an alkyl radical.
- the alkylphenols ortho to the hydroxyl group are not tertiary Alkyl groups substituted.
- the aldehyde can be a mono- or dialdehyde and other functional groups wear like -COOH.
- Particularly suitable aldehydes are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, Butyraldehyde, glutardialdehyde and glyoxalic acid, formaldehyde is preferred.
- the Formaldehyde can be in the form of paraformaldehyde or in the form of a preferred 20 - 40 wt .-% aqueous formalin solution can be used. It can too appropriate amounts of trioxane can be used.
- alkylphenol and aldehyde usually takes place in the presence of alkaline catalysts, for example alkali hydroxides or alkylamines, or of acidic catalysts, for example inorganic or organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfonic acid, sulfamido acids or Haloacetic acids.
- alkaline catalysts for example alkali hydroxides or alkylamines
- acidic catalysts for example inorganic or organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfonic acid, sulfamido acids or Haloacetic acids.
- the condensation is preferably solvent-free at 90 to 200 ° C, preferably carried out at 100 to 160 ° C.
- a water Azeotropic organic solvent for example toluene, xylene, higher aromatics or mixtures thereof.
- the reaction mixture is on a Temperature of 90 to 200 ° C, preferably 100-160 ° C heated, the resulting Water of reaction is removed during the reaction by azeotropic distillation. Solvent that does not have protons under the conditions of condensation split off, can remain in the products after the condensation reaction.
- the Resins can be used directly or after neutralization of the catalyst, optionally after further dilution of the solution with aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures, e.g.
- the proportions by weight of components A) and B) in the additives according to the invention can vary widely depending on the application. They lay preferably between 10 and 99.999% by weight A) to 90 to 0.001% by weight B), in particular between 20 and 99.995% by weight A) to 80 to 0.005% by weight B). there to stabilize the fatty acids, smaller portions of the Components B from 0.001 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.005 to 5% by weight B) used, whereas to optimize the lubricity larger portions B of for example 5 to 90 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 80 wt .-% and in particular 25 to 75 wt .-% are used.
- Paraffin dispersants are additives that increase the size when the oil cools reduce the precipitated paraffin crystals and also cause the Paraffin particles do not settle, but colloidally with significantly reduced Sedimentation efforts, remain dispersed.
- the nitrogen-containing paraffin dispersants are preferably low molecular weight or polymeric, oil-soluble nitrogen compounds, e.g. Amine salts, Imides and / or amides obtained by reaction of aliphatic or aromatic amines, preferably long-chain aliphatic amines, with aliphatic or aromatic Obtain mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and / or polycarboxylic acids or their anhydrides become.
- Contain particularly preferred paraffin dispersants Reaction products of secondary fatty amines with 8 to 36 carbon atoms, in particular Dicocos fatty amine, ditallow fatty amine and distearyl amine.
- paraffin dispersants are copolymers of maleic anhydride and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds, optionally with primary monoalkylamines and / or aliphatic alcohols can be implemented with the reaction products of alkenylspirobislactones Amines and reaction products of terpolymers based on ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated Dicarboxylic anhydrides, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds and polyoxyalkylene ethers lower unsaturated alcohols with amines and / or alcohols.
- suitable paraffin dispersants are listed.
- the polar nitrogen-containing paraffin dispersants can be the inventive Additives are added or added separately to the middle distillate to be added become.
- the quantitative ratio between paraffin dispersants and Additives according to the invention are between 5: 1 and 1: 5 and preferably between 3: 1 and 1: 3.
- additives according to the invention also together with one or more oil-soluble Co-additives are used, which alone have the lubricating effect and / or Improve the cold flow properties of crude oils, lubricating oils or fuel oils.
- oil-soluble Co-additives are copolymers containing vinyl acetate or Terpolymers of ethylene, comb polymers and oil-soluble amphiphiles.
- the additives according to the invention in a mixture with ethylene / vinyl acetate / vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate terpolymers, Ethylene / vinyl acetate / neononanoic acid vinyl ester terpolymers and / or ethylene vinyl acetate / vinyl neodecanoate terpolymers to improve the flowability and lubrication of Mineral oils or mineral oil distillates.
- neodecanoic acid vinyl esters contain 10 to 35% by weight of vinyl acetate and 1 to 25 wt .-% of the respective long-chain vinyl ester. More preferred In addition to ethylene and 10 to 35% by weight of vinyl esters, copolymers also contain 0.5 to 20 wt .-% olefin with 3 to 10 carbon atoms such.
- the additives according to the invention are used together with comb polymers.
- comb polymers This is understood to mean polymers in which hydrocarbon radicals having at least 8, in particular at least 10, carbon atoms are bonded to a polymer backbone. They are preferably homopolymers whose alkyl side chains contain at least 8 and in particular at least 10 carbon atoms. In the case of copolymers, at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, of the monomers have side chains (cf. Comb-like Polymers-Structure and Properties; NA Platé and VP Shibaev, J. Polym. Sci. Macromolecular Revs. 1974, 8, 117 ff).
- Suitable comb polymers are, for example, fumarate / vinyl acetate copolymers (cf. EP 0 153 176 A1), copolymers of a C 6 -C 24 ⁇ -olefin and an NC 6 -C 22 alkylmaleimide (cf. EP 0 320 766) , further esterified olefin / maleic anhydride copolymers, polymers and copolymers of ⁇ -olefins and esterified copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride.
- fumarate / vinyl acetate copolymers cf. EP 0 153 176 A1
- copolymers of a C 6 -C 24 ⁇ -olefin and an NC 6 -C 22 alkylmaleimide cf. EP 0 320 766
- further esterified olefin / maleic anhydride copolymers polymers and copolymers of ⁇ -
- the mixing ratio (in parts by weight) of the additives according to the invention Ethylene copolymers or comb polymers are each 1:10 to 20: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 10: 1.
- the additives of the invention are oiled in amounts from 0.0001 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 0.1% by weight and especially 0.002 to 0.05% by weight added. They can be used as such or dissolved in solvents such as e.g. aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or Hydrocarbon mixtures such as Toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, decane, Pentadecane, gasoline fractions, diesel, kerosene or commercial Solvent mixtures such as Solvent Naphtha, ® Shellsol AB, ® Solvesso 150, ® Solvesso 200, ® Exxsol, ® Isopar and ® Shellsol D types, as well as polar solvents such as Alcohols, glycols and esters such as fatty acid alkyl esters and in particular rapeseed oleic acid methyl ester (RME).
- the additives according to the invention can be used at elevated temperature for a long time stored without aging effects, without causing signs of aging such as resinification and the formation of insoluble structures or deposits in Storage containers and / or engine parts comes. They also improve the Oxidation stability of the additive oils with reduced at the same time Emulsify. This is especially true with oils that are made up of larger proportions of oils Crack processes included, beneficial.
- Lubricity of middle distillates This can be used for setting the specification required dosage rate can be reduced.
- Another advantage of the additives according to the invention is that of the additives according to state of the art fatty acid esters used as lubricity additives reduced crystallization temperature. So you can even at low Temperatures of, for example, 0 ° C to -20 ° C and sometimes also lower can be used without any problems.
- the additives of the invention are for use in middle distillates particularly suitable.
- Middle distillates are especially those Mineral oils obtained from crude oil distillation and in the range of Boil 120 to 450 ° C, for example kerosene, jet fuel, diesel and heating oil.
- the oils may also contain or from alcohols such as methanol and / or ethanol consist.
- the additives according to the invention are preferably used in such Middle distillates used that contain less than 350 ppm sulfur, in particular less than 200 ppm sulfur and in special cases less than 50 ppm or contain less than 10 ppm sulfur. It is generally about those middle distillates which have been subjected to hydrogenating refining, and which therefore only contains small amounts of polyaromatic and polar compounds contain, which give them a natural lubricating effect.
- the Additives according to the invention are also preferably used in such Middle distillates used, the 95% distillation points below 370 ° C, in particular 350 ° C and in special cases below 330 ° C. They are the same additives according to the invention for use in synthetic fuels also low lubricity, as z. B. in Fischer-Tropsch erosion can be produced, suitable.
- the oils with improved lubricity have a wear scar diameter of preferred measured in the HFRR test less than 460 ⁇ m, especially less than 450 ⁇ m.
- the additives according to the invention can also be used as components in lubricating oils.
- the mixtures can be used alone or together with other additives be used, e.g. with pour point depressants, corrosion inhibitors, Antioxidants, sludge inhibitors, dehazers, conductivity improvers, lubricity additives, and additives to lower the cloud point.
- additive packages that include known ashless dispersion additives, detergents, defoamers, antioxidants, dehazers, Demulsifiers and corrosion inhibitors included.
- Test oil 1 Test oil 2
- Test oil 3 distillation IBP [° C] 202 182 164 20% [° C] 237 221 214 90% [° C] 321 280 342
- FBP [° C] 348 304 367 Cloud Point [° C] -5.9 -29.7 -7.7 CFPP [° C] -8th -33 -13
- the additives used are characterized below.
- the OH numbers were in accordance with DIN 53240 by implementation with a defined amount excess acetic anhydride and subsequent titration of the formed Acetic acid determined.
- Iodine numbers are determined according to Kaufmann. For this purpose, a defined amount of a methanolic bromine solution is added to the sample, an amount of bromine which is equivalent to the content of double bonds being deposited. The excess bromine is back-titrated with sodium thiosulfate.
- a mixture of 9 g A 7, 1 g B1 and 2 g C2 gave after three days of storage 90 ° C and then diluted with 500 ml test oil 3 a clear solution and a filtration time of 65 s.
- the lubricating effect of the additives was tested using an HFRR device from PCS Instruments on additive oils at 60 ° C.
- the high frequency Reciprocating Rig Test (HFRR) is described in D. Wei, H. Spikes, Wear, Vol. 111, No. 2, p. 217, 1986.
- the results are given as the coefficient of friction and wear scar (WS 1.4).
- a low wear scar and a low coefficient of friction (friction) show a good lubricating effect.
- Wear scar values of less than 460 ⁇ m are regarded as an indication of a sufficient lubricating effect, although in practice values of less than 400 ⁇ m are aimed for.
- the dosing rates in Table 6 relate to the amount of active ingredient dosed.
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- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Im Stand der Technik sind daher Ansätze beschrieben, die eine Lösung dieses Problems darstellen sollen (sogenannte Lubricity-Additive).
R10 einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten Alkylenrest mit 2 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen oder den Rest der Formel in der R6 und R7 insbesondere Alkylreste mit 10 bis 30, bevorzugt 14 bis 24 C-Atomen bedeuten, wobei die Amidstrukturen auch zum Teil oder vollständig in Form der Ammoniumsalzstruktur der Formel vorliegen können. Die Amide bzw. Amid-Ammoniumsalze bzw. Ammoniumsalze z.B. der Nitrilotriessigsäure, der Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure oder der Propylen-1,2-diamintetraessigsäure werden durch Umsetzung der Säuren mit 0,5 bis 1,5 Mol Amin, bevorzugt 0,8 bis 1,2 Mol Amin pro Carboxylgruppe erhalten. Die Umsetzungstemperaturen betragen etwa 80 bis 200°C, wobei zur Herstellung der Amide eine kontinuierliche Entfernung des entstandenen Reaktionswasser erfolgt. Die Umsetzung muss jedoch nicht vollständig zum Amid geführt werden, vielmehr können 0 bis 100 Mol-% des eingesetzten Amins in Form des Ammoniumsalzes vorliegen. Unter analogen Bedingungen können auch die unter B1) genannten Verbindungen hergestellt werden.Als Amine der Formel kommen insbesondere Dialkylamine in Betracht, in denen R6, R7 einen geradkettigen Alkylrest mit 10 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise 14 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen, bedeutet. Im einzelnen seien Dioleylamin, Dipalmitylamin, Dikokosfettamin und Dibehenylamin und vorzugsweise Ditalgfettamin genannt.
R22 und R23 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder Methyl,
a, b gleich Null oder Eins und a + b gleich Eins,
R24 und R25 gleich oder verschieden sind und für die Gruppen -NHR6, N(R6)2 und/oder -OR27 stehen, und R27 für ein Kation der Formel H2N(R6)2 oder
H3NR6 steht, 19 - 80 Mol-%, bevorzugt 39-60 Mol-% an bivalenten
Struktureinheiten der Formel 4 worin
R28 Wasserstoff oder C1-C4-Alkyl und
R29 C6-C60-Alkyl oder C6-C18-Aryl bedeuten und
1 - 30 Mol-%, bevorzugt 1 - 20 Mol-% an bivalenten Struktureinheiten der Formel 5 worin
R30 Wasserstoff oder Methyl,
R31 Wasserstoff oder C1-C4-Alkyl,
R33 C1-C4-Alkylen,
m eine Zahl von 1 bis 100,
R32 C1-C24-Alkyl, C5-C20-Cycloalkyl, C6-C18-Aryl oder -C(O)-R34, wobei
R34 C1-C40-Alkyl, C5-C10-Cycloalkyl oder C6-C18-Aryl, enthalten. Die vorgenannten Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl- und Arylreste können gegebenenfalls substituiert sein. Geeignete Substituenten der Alkyl- und Arylreste sind beispielsweise (C1-C6)-Alkyl, Halogene, wie Fluor, Chlor, Brom und Jod, bevorzugt Chlor und (C1-C6)-Alkoxy. Alkyl steht hier für einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten Kohlenwasserstoffrest. Im einzelnen seien genannt: n-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Hexyl, n-Octyl, Decyl, Dodecyl, Tetradecyl, Hexadecyl, Octadecyl, Dodecenyl, Tetrapropenyl, Tetradecenyl, Pentapropenyl, Hexadecenyl, Octadecenyl und Eicosanyl oder Mischungen, wie Cocosalkyl, Talgfettalkyl und Behenyl.Cycloalkyl steht hier für einen cyclischen aliphatischen Rest mit 5 - 20 Kohlenstoffatomen. Bevorzugte Cycloalkylreste sind Cyclopentyl und Cyclohexyl.Aryl steht hier für einen gegebenenfalls substituiertes aromatisches Ringsystem mit 6 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen.Die Terpolymere bestehen aus den bivalenten Struktureinheiten der Formeln 1 und 3 sowie 4 und 5 und ggf. 2. Sie enthalten lediglich noch in an sich bekannter Weise die bei der Polymerisation durch Initiierung, Inhibierung und Kettenabbruch entstandenen Endgruppen.Im einzelnen leiten sich Struktureinheiten der Formeln 1 bis 3 von α,β-ungesättigten Dicarbonsäureanhydriden der Formeln 6 und 7 wie Maleinsäureanhydrid, Itaconsäureanhydrid, Citraconsäureanhydrid, bevorzugt Maleinsäureanhydrid, ab.Die Struktureinheiten der Formel 4 leiten sich von den α,β-ungesättigten Verbindungen der Formel 8 ab. Beispielhaft seien die folgenden α,β-ungesättigten Olefine genannt: Styrol, α-Methylstyrol, Dimethylstyrol, α-Ethylstyrol, Diethylstyrol, i-Propylstyrol, tert.-Butylstyrol, Diisobutylen und α-Olefine, wie Decen, Dodecen, Tetradecen, Pentadecen, Hexadecen, Octadecen, C20-α-Olefin, C24-α-Olefin, C30-α-Olefin, Tripropenyl, Tetrapropenyl, Pentapropenyl sowie deren Mischungen. Bevorzugt sind α-Olefine mit 10 bis 24 C-Atomen und Styrol, besonders bevorzugt sind α-Olefine mit 12 bis 20 C-Atomen.Die Struktureinheiten der Formel 5 leiten sich von Polyoxyalkylenethern niederer, ungesättigter Alkohole der Formel 9 ab. Bei den Monomeren der Formel 9 handelt es sich um Veretherungsprodukte (R32 = -C(O)R34) oder Veresterungsprodukte (R32 = -C(O)R34) von Polyoxyalkylenethern (R32 = H).Die Polyoxyalkylenether (R32 = H) lassen sich nach bekannten Verfahren z.B. durch Anlagerung von α-Olefinoxiden, wie Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid und/oder Butylenoxid an polymerisierbare niedere, ungesättigte Alkohole der Formel 10 und anschließende Veresterung oder Veretherung herstellen. Solche polymerisierbaren niederen ungesättigten Alkohole sind z.B. Allylalkohol, Methallylalkohol, Butenole, wie 3-Buten-1-ol und 1-Buten-3-ol oder Methylbutenole, wie 2-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol und 3-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol. Bevorzugt sind Anlagerungsprodukte von Ethylenoxid und/oder Propylenoxid an Allylalkohol.Als zur Herstellung der Terpolymere geeignete primäre Amine seien beispielsweise die folgenden genannt:
R22 und R23 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder Methyl,
a, b gleich Null oder 1 und a + b gleich 1,
R37 = -OH, -O-[C1-C30-Alkyl], -NR6R7, OsNrR6R7H2
R38 = R37oderNR6R39
R39 = -(A-O)x-E
mit
A = Ethylen- oder Propylengruppe
x = 1 bis 50
E = H, C1-C30-Alkyl, C5-C12-Cycloalkyl oder C6-C30-Aryl bedeuten, und 80 - 20 Mol-%, bevorzugt 60 - 40 Mol-% an bivalenten Struktureinheiten der Formel 4 enthalten. Im einzelnen leiten sich die Struktureinheiten der Formeln 13, 14 und 15 von α,β-ungesättigten Dicarbonsäureanhydriden der Formeln 6 und/oder 7 ab.Die Struktureinheiten der Formel 4 leiten sich von den α,β-ungesättigten Olefinen der Formel 8 ab. Die vorgenannte Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl- und Arylreste haben die gleichen Bedeutungen wie unter 8.Die Reste R37 und R38 in Formel 13 bzw. R39 in Formel 15 leiten sich von Polyetheraminen oder Alkanolaminen der Formeln 16 a) und b), Aminen der Formel NR6R7R8 sowie gegebenenfalls von Alkoholen mit 1 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen ab. Darin bedeuten
- R53
- Wasserstoff, C6-C40-Alkyl oder
- R54
- Wasserstoff, C1-C4-Alkyl
- R55
- Wasserstoff, C1- bis C4-Alkyl, C5- bis C12-Cycloalkyl oder C6- bis C30-Aryl
- R56, R57
- unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, C1- bis C22-Alkyl, C2- bis C22-Alkenyl oder Z - OH
- Z
- C2- bis C4-Alkylen
- n
- eine Zahl zwischen 1 und 1000.
- n-Hexylamin, n-Octylamin, n-Tetradecylamin, n-Hexadecylamin,
- n-Stearylamin oder auch N,N-Dimethylaminopropylendiamin, Cyclohexylamin, Dehydroabietylamin sowie deren Mischungen.
- Didecylamin, Ditetradecylamin, Distearylamin, Dicocosfettamin, Ditalgfettamin und deren Mischungen.
- Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, lsopropanol, n-, sek.-, tert.-Butanol, Octanol,
- Tetradecanol, Hexadecanol, Octadecanol, Talgfettalkohol, Behenylalkohol und deren Mischungen. Geeignete Beispiele sind in EP-A-688 796 aufgeführt.
- A
- R', COOR', OCOR', R"-COOR' oder OR';
- D
- H, CH3, A oder R;
- E
- H oder A;
- G
- H, R", R"-COOR', einen Arylrest oder einen heterocyclischen Rest;
- M
- H, COOR", OCOR", OR" oder COOH;
- N
- H, R", COOR", OCOR, COOH oder einen Arylrest;
- R'
- eine Kohlenwasserstoffkette mit 8-150 Kohlenstoffatomen;
- R"
- eine Kohlenwasserstoffkette mit 1 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen;
- m
- eine Zahl zwischen 0,4 und 1,0; und
- n
- eine Zahl zwischen 0 und 0,6.
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Testöle | |||
Testöl 1 | Testöl 2 | Testöl 3 | |
Destillation | |||
IBP [°C] | 202 | 182 | 164 |
20% [°C] | 237 | 221 | 214 |
90% [°C] | 321 | 280 | 342 |
FBP [°C] | 348 | 304 | 367 |
Cloud Point [°C] | -5,9 | -29,7 | -7,7 |
CFPP [°C] | -8 | -33 | -13 |
Dichte 15°C [g/cm3] | 0,8348 | 0,8210 | 0,8293 |
Schwefel [ppm] | 32 | 6 | 195 |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Lubricity-Additive | |||
Beispiel | Chemische Bezeichnung | OH-Zahl [mg KOH/g] | Jodzahl [gJ/100g] |
A1 | Partialester aus Glycerin und Sojaölfettsäure | 158 | 103 |
A2 | Partialester aus Glycerin und Tallölfettsäure | 88 | 116 |
A3 | Partialester aus Glycerin und Tallölfettsäure | 193 | 122 |
A4 | Partialester aus Glycerin und Talgfettsäure | 181 | 52 |
A5 | Partialester aus Glycerin und Olein | 278 | 77 |
A6 | Partialester aus Glycerin und Olein | 153 | 76 |
A7 | Glycerinmonooleat, technisch | 197 | 83 |
A8 | Glycerindioleat | 68 | 86 |
A9 | Pentaerythritolmonooleat | 111 | 85 |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Alkylphenolharze | |
B1 | Nonylphenolformaldehydharz, hergestellt durch Kondensation einer Mischung von Nonylphenol mit 0,5 mol-% Dinonylphenol, mit Formaldehyd, Mw 2000 g/mol; 50 %ig in Solvent Naphtha |
B2 | Dodecylphenolformaldehydharz, hergestellt durch Kondensation einer Mischung-von-Dodecylphenol mit 1,3 mol-% Didodecylphenol, mit Formaldehyd, Mw 2200 g/mol; 50 %ig in Solvent Naphtha |
B3 | C20-C24-Alkylphenolformaldehydharz, hergestellt durch Kondensation einer Mischung von C20-C24-Alkylphenol mit 35 mol-% Di-(C20-C24-Alkyl)phenol, mit Formaldehyd, Mw 2500 g/mol; 50 %ig in Solvent Naphtha |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten polaren stickstoffhaltigen Verbindungen | |
C1 | Umsetzungsprodukt eines Dodecenyl-Spirobislactons mit einer Mischung aus primärem und sekundärem Talgfettamin, 60 %ig in Solvent Naphtha (hergestellt gemäß EP 0413279) |
C2 | Umsetzungsprodukt eines Terpolymers aus einem C14/16-α-Olefin, Maleinsäureanhydrid und Allylpolyglykol mit 2 Equivalenten Ditalgfettamin, 50 %ig in Solvent Naphtha (hergestellt gemäß EP 0606055) |
C3 | Umsetzungsprodukt aus Phthalsäureanhydrid und 2 Equivalenten Di(hydriertem Talgfett)amin, 50 %ig in Solvent Naphtha (hergestellt gemäß EP 0061894) |
C4 | Umsetzungsprodukt aus Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure mit 4 Equivalenten Ditalgfettamin zum Amid-Ammoniumsalz (hergestellt gemäß EP 0398101) |
Nach der Konditionierung lässt man die Mischung eine Stunde bei Raumtemperatur abkühlen. Anschließend wird mit 500 ml Dieselkraftstoff (Testöl 3) versetzt und gut durchmischt. Nach zwei Stunden Standzeit wird die Mischung visuell auf eventuelle Ausscheidungen, Trübungen, unlösliche Anteile u.s.w. beurteilt, die Hinweise auf oxidative Veränderungen geben (visuelle Beurteilung). Sodann wird über ein 0,8 µm Filter bei einer Druckdifferenz von 800 mbar filtriert. Die Gesamtmenge muss innerhalb von 2 Minuten filtrierbar sein, ansonsten wird das nach 2 Minuten filtrierte Volumen notiert.
Oxidationsstabilität | ||||
Beispiel | A | B | visuelle Beurteilung | Filtration |
1 (Vgl.) | - | - | klar | 34 s |
2 | 10 g A1 | - | trüb; unlösliche Anteile | n.a. |
3 (Vgl.) | 9,9 g A1 | 0,1 g B1 | klar | 62 s |
4 | 9,9 g A1 | 0,1 g B2 | klar | 57 s |
5 (Vgl.) | 10 g A2 | - | trüb; unlösliche Anteile | n.a. |
6 | 9,9 g A2 | 0,1 g B1 | klar | 53s |
7 (Vgl.) | 10 g A4 | ― | trüb | 120 s / 260 ml |
8 | 9,9 g A4 | 0,1 g B1 | klar | 49 s |
9 | 9 g A4 | 1 g B2 | klar | 52 s |
10 (Vgl.) | 10 g A5 | - | trüb; unlösliche Anteile | n.a. |
11 | 9,9 g A5 | 0,1 g B1 | klar | 57s |
12 (Vgl.) | 10 g A3 | - | trüb; unlösliche Anteile | n.a. |
13 | 5 g A3 | 5gB1 | klar | 68s |
14 | 9,9 g A3 | 0,1 g B2 | klar | 63s |
15 | 9,99 g A3 | 0,01 g B3 | klar | 76s |
16 (Vgl.) | 10 g A8 | - | trüb; unlösliche Anteile | n.a. |
17 | 5gA8 | 5gB1 | klar | 84s |
18 | 9,9 g A8 | 0,1 g B1 | klar | 60s |
19 | 9,99 g A8 | 0,01 g B1 | klar | 72s |
20 | 9,9 g A8 | 0,1 g B3 | klar | 62 s |
n.a. = nicht anwendbar, da nicht vollständig löslich |
- +
- fließfähig und klar
- O
- fließfähig aber trüb bzw. mit Ausscheidungen
- ―
- fest
Kältestabilität der Additive | ||||||||
Beispiel | Additiv | 15°C | +5°C | -5°C | ||||
Anteil A | Anteil B | 3 Tage | 5 Tage | 3 Tage | 5 Tage | 3 Tage | 5 Tage | |
22 (Vgl.) | A5 | ― | O | ― | ― | |||
23 | 2 Teile A5 | 1 Teil B1 | + | O | O | ― | ― | |
24' | 1 Teil A5 | 1 Teil B1 | + | + | + | O | ― | |
25 | 1 Teil A5 | 2 Teile B1 | + | + | + | + | ― | |
26(Vgl.) | A6 | ― | + | + | O | - | ||
27 | 2 Teile A6 | 1 Teil B2 | + | + | + | + | O | O |
28 | 1 Teil.A6 | 1 Teil B2 | + | + | + | + | + | + |
29 | 1 Teil A6 | 2 Teile B2 | + | + | + | + | + | + |
30(Vgl.) | A7 | ― | O | ― | ― | |||
31 | 2 Teile A7 | 1 Teil B1 | + | + | + | + | ― | |
32 | 1 Teil A7 | 1 Teil B1 | + | + | + | + | ― | |
33 | 1 Teil A7 | 2 Teile B1 | + | + | + | + | + | + |
34(Vgl.) | A3 | ― | + | + | + | + | O | ― |
35 | 2 Teile A3 | 1 Teil B1 | + | + | + | + | + | |
36 | 1 Teil A3 | 1 Teil B1 | + | + | + | + | + | + |
37 | 1 Teil A3 | 2 Teile B1 | + | + | + | + | + | + |
38(Vgl.) | A8 | ― | + | + | + | O | ||
39 | 2-Teile-A8 | 1 Teil B1 | + | + | + | + | O | O |
40 | 1 Teil A8 | 1 Teil B1 | + | + | + | + | + | + |
41 | 1 Teil A8 | 2 Teile B1 | + | + | + | + | + | + |
42(Vgl.) | A9 | ― | + | + | + | O | O | -- |
43 | 2 Teile A9 | 1 Teil B1 | + | + | + | + | + | + |
44 | 1 Teil A9 | 1 Teil B1 | + | + | + | + | + | + |
45 | 1 Teil A9 | 2 Teile B1 | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Reciprocating Rig Test (HFRR) ist beschrieben in D. Wei, H. Spikes, Wear, Vol. 111, No. 2, p. 217, 1986. Die Ergebnisse sind als Reibungskoeffizient und Wear Scar (WS 1.4) angegeben. Ein niedriger Wear Scar und ein niedriger Reibungskoeffizient (Friction) zeigen eine gute Schmierwirkung. Wear Scar-Werte von weniger als 460 µm werden als Indiz für eine ausreichende Schmierwirkung angesehen, wobei in der Praxis jedoch Werte von weniger als 400 µm angestrebt werden. Die Dosierraten in Tabelle 6 beziehen sich auf die Menge an dosiertem Wirkstoff.
Wear Scar in Testöl 1 | |||||
Beispiel | Dosierrate A | Dosierrate B | Dosierrate C | Wear Scar | Friction |
46 (Vgl.) | ― | ― | ― | 575 | 0,38 |
47 (Vgl.) | 80 ppm A1 | ― | ― | 536 | 0,32 |
48 (Vgl.) | 100 ppm A1 | ― | ― | 427 | 0,22 |
49 | 80 ppm A1 | 20 ppm B2 | ― | 380 | 0,21 |
50 | 70 ppm A1 | 20 ppm B2 | 10 ppm | 364 | 0,18 |
51 (Vgl.) | 50 ppm A3 | ― | ― | 566 | 0,37 |
52 (Vgl.) | 75 ppm A3 | ― | ― | 523 | 0,25 |
53 (Vgl.) | 100 ppm A3 | ― | ― | 395 | 0,23 |
54 (Vgl.) | ― | 50 ppm B1 | ― | 570 | 0,38 |
55 (Vgl.) | ― | ― | 40 ppm C2 | 566 | 0,34 |
56 (Vgl.) | 75 ppm A3 | ― | 40 ppm C2 | 412 | 0,23 |
57 (Vgl.) | ― | 20 ppm B1 | 40 ppm C2 | 550 | 0,34 |
58 | 75 ppm A3 | 20 ppm B1 | ― | 366 | 0,20 |
59 | 75 ppm A3 | 20 ppm B1 | 40 ppm C2 | 276 | 0,18 |
60 | 50 ppm A3 | 50 ppm B1 | ― | 425 | 0,22 |
61 | 50 ppm A3 | 20 ppm B1 | ― | 458 | 0,24 |
62 | 50 ppm A3 | 20 ppm B1 | 30 ppm C2 | 378 | 0,20 |
Wear Scar in Testöl 2 | |||||
Beispiel | Dosierrate A | Dosierrate B | Dosierrate C | Wear Scar | Friction |
63 (Vgl.) | ― | ― | ― | 611 | 0,41 |
64 (Vgl.) | 100 ppm A2 | ― | ― | 551 | 0,25 |
65 (Vgl.) | 120 ppm A2 | ― | ― | 352 | 0,19 |
66 (Vgl.) | ― | 10 ppm B1 | ― | 613 | 0,41 |
67 (Vgl.) | ― | ― | 10 ppm C1 | 603 | 0,41 |
68 | 90 ppm A2 | 10 ppm B1 | ― | 457 | 0,23 |
69 | 100 ppm A2 | 10 ppm B2 | ― | 322 | 0,17 |
70 | 80 ppm A2 | 10 ppm B1 | 10 ppm C1 | 384 | 0,20 |
71 | 70 ppm A2 | 10 ppm B2 | 10 ppm C1 | 436 | 0,22 |
72 | 80 ppm A2 | 10 ppm B1 | 10 ppm C3 | 413 | 0,21 |
73 | 80 ppm A2 | 10 ppm B1 | 10 ppm C4 | 407 | 0,21 |
Claims (13)
- Additiv zur Verbesserung der Schmierfähigkeit von Brennstoffölen mit einem Schwefelgehalt von maximal 0,035 Gew.-%, enthaltendA) mindestens einen Partialester aus einem zwei- oder mehrwertigen Alkohol und ungesättigten sowie gegebenenfalls gesättigten Fettsäuren, deren Kohlenstoffkettenlängen zwischen 8 und 30 Kohlenstoffatomen liegen, wobei mindestens 60 % der Fettsäurereste mindestens eine Doppelbindung enthalten, undB) mindestens ein Alkylphenol-Aldehydharz, erhältlich durch die Kondensation von(i) mindestens einem Alkylphenol mit mindestens einem C6-C24-Alkyl oder C6-C24-Alkenylrest und(ii) mindestens einem Aldehyd oder Keton,
- Additiv gemäß Anspruch 1, worin die Jodzahl des Bestandteils A) mehr als 50 g l/100 g Ester beträgt.
- Additiv gemäß Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, worin die OH-Zahl des Bestandteils A) zwischen 10 und 200 mg KOH/g Ester liegt.
- Additiv gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, worin die Fettsäuren, die Bestandteil der Fettsäuremischung sind, 10 bis 26 C-Atome enthalten.
- Additiv gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, worin die Fettsäuremischungen bis zu 20 Gew.-% gesättigter Fettsäuren enthalten.
- Additiv gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, worin die Fettsäuremischungen eine oder mehrere Dicarbonsäuren enthalten.
- Additiv gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, worin die Alkohole 2 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatome enthalten.
- Additiv gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, worin die Alkohole 2 bis 5 Hydroxylgruppen, jedoch maximal eine Hydroxylgruppe pro Kohlenstoffatom, enthalten.
- Additiv gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, das weiterhin mindestens einen stickstoffhaltigen Paraffindispergator enthält.
- Additiv gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, das weiterhin mindestens ein Ethylen-Copolymer enthält.
- Additiv gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, das weiterhin mindestens ein Kammpolymer enthält.
- Brennstofföle mit maximal 0,035 Gew.-% Schwefelgehalt, enthaltend ein Additiv nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 in Mengen von 0,001 bis 0,5 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Brennstofföl.
- Verwendung eines Additivs nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 in Mengen von 0,001 bis 0,5 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Brennstofföl, zur Verbesserung der Schmierwirkung von Brennstoffölen mit höchstens 0,035 Gew.-% Schwefelgehalt.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10230771 | 2002-07-09 | ||
DE10230771 | 2002-07-09 | ||
DE10252973 | 2002-11-14 | ||
DE2002152973 DE10252973A1 (de) | 2002-11-14 | 2002-11-14 | Oxidationsstabilisierte Schmieradditive für hochentschwefelte Brennstofföle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1380634A1 true EP1380634A1 (de) | 2004-01-14 |
EP1380634B1 EP1380634B1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
Family
ID=29737617
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03013093A Revoked EP1380634B1 (de) | 2002-07-09 | 2003-06-11 | Oxidationsstabilisierte Schmieradditive für hochentschwefelte Brennstofföle |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20040010965A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1380634B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4484458B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE370214T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2431749C (de) |
DE (1) | DE50307929D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2291562T3 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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WO2006127350A2 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2006-11-30 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Hydrocarbyl- and hydroxy-substituted aromatic condensate |
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JP4754773B2 (ja) * | 2002-07-09 | 2011-08-24 | クラリアント・プロドゥクテ・(ドイチュラント)・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | 植物油または動物油に基づく酸化に対して安定化された油状液体 |
CA2431749C (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2010-12-14 | Clariant Gmbh | Oxidation-stabilized lubricant additives for highly desulfurized fuel oils |
EA012177B1 (ru) * | 2004-07-02 | 2009-08-28 | Монсанто С.А.С. | Новая композиция биотоплива |
US20060046941A1 (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2006-03-02 | Laurent Chambard | Lubricating oil compositions |
EP1630223A1 (de) * | 2004-08-26 | 2006-03-01 | Infineum International Limited | Schmierölzusammensetzungen |
DE102005035277B4 (de) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-10-11 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Mineralöle mit verbesserter Leitfähigkeit und Kältefließfähigkeit |
DE102005035275B4 (de) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-10-11 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Mineralöle mit verbesserter Leitfähigkeit und Kältefließfähigkeit |
DE102005045134B4 (de) * | 2005-09-22 | 2010-12-30 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Alkylphenol-Aldehydharze, diese enthaltende Zusammensetzungen zu Verbesserung der Kältefließfähigkeit und Schmierfähigkeit von Brennstoffölen sowie deren Verwendung |
ES2544239T3 (es) * | 2005-12-15 | 2015-08-28 | Infineum International Limited | Uso de un inhibidor de corrosión de una composición de aceite lubricante |
EP2036964A1 (de) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-18 | Cognis Oleochemicals GmbH | Verdicker für ölbasierte Bohrspülmittel |
EP2036962A1 (de) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-18 | Cognis Oleochemicals GmbH | Additive für wasserbasierte Bohrspülmittel |
EP2036963A1 (de) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-18 | Cognis Oleochemicals GmbH | Schmiermitteladditive für Bohrspülmittel |
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2003
- 2003-06-11 CA CA2431749A patent/CA2431749C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-11 ES ES03013093T patent/ES2291562T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-11 JP JP2003166760A patent/JP4484458B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-11 AT AT03013093T patent/ATE370214T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-11 DE DE50307929T patent/DE50307929D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-11 EP EP03013093A patent/EP1380634B1/de not_active Revoked
- 2003-06-11 US US10/459,180 patent/US20040010965A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-03-28 US US11/391,643 patent/US7815696B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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WO2006127350A2 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2006-11-30 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Hydrocarbyl- and hydroxy-substituted aromatic condensate |
WO2006127350A3 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2007-03-15 | Lubrizol Corp | Hydrocarbyl- and hydroxy-substituted aromatic condensate |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2004043801A (ja) | 2004-02-12 |
US7815696B2 (en) | 2010-10-19 |
US20040010965A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
CA2431749C (en) | 2010-12-14 |
EP1380634B1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
CA2431749A1 (en) | 2004-01-09 |
US20060162241A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
ATE370214T1 (de) | 2007-09-15 |
DE50307929D1 (de) | 2007-09-27 |
JP4484458B2 (ja) | 2010-06-16 |
ES2291562T3 (es) | 2008-03-01 |
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