Classifications

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  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
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  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
  • C10L1/1835—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom having at least two hydroxy substituted non condensed benzene rings
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
  • C10L1/1905—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polycarboxylic acids
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  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
  • C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
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  • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
  • C10L1/1966—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof poly-carboxylic
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1981—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/221—Organic compounds containing nitrogen compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
  • C10L1/2364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amide and/or imide groups
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/022—Ethene
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
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  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/101—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones and phenols, e.g. Also polyoxyalkylene ether derivatives thereof
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  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
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  • C10N2020/013—Iodine value
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  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
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  • C10N2020/067—Unsaturated Compounds
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  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
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  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
  • C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to additives from esters between polyols and Fatty acid mixtures and alkylphenol resins with improved oxidation stability, and their use to improve the lubricating effect of highly desulfurized fuel oils.
• Mineral oils and mineral oil distillates used as fuel oils generally contain 0.5 wt .-% and more sulfur, when burning causes the formation of sulfur dioxide. To the resulting To reduce environmental pollution, the sulfur content of fuel oils lowered further and further.
• the diesel fuel standard EN 590 writes in Europe since November 1999 a maximum sulfur content of 350 ppm. Further reductions in the sulfur content are in preparation. In Scandinavia come with fuel oils with less than 50 ppm and in exceptional cases less than 10 ppm sulfur to use. These fuel oils are used in the Usually made by making those from the petroleum by distillation obtained fractions hydrogenated refined. During the desulfurization also removes other substances that give the fuel oils a natural Give lubrication. These substances include, among others polyaromatic and polar compounds.
• EP-A-0 680 506 discloses that esters of fatty acids are desulfurized Give fuel oils an improved lubricating effect. It will be particularly Called glycerol monooleate and diisodecyl adipate.
• EP-A-0 739 970 discloses the suitability of glycerol ester mixtures for Improving the lubricity of low-sulfur fuel oils. It will Compositions of various degrees of esterification of the polyol and different degrees of saturation of the fatty acids disclosed.
• EP-A-0 839 174 discloses in their lubricating effect improved fuel oils which are low in sulfur and a mixture of polyol esters with unsaturated fatty acids include.
• EP 0743972 discloses fuel oils with improved lubricity, some Lubricity improvers and a nitrogen compound include.
• EP 0935645 discloses the use of C 1 -C 30 -alkylphenol resins as lubricity additives for low-sulfur diesel.
• the examples show C 18 and C 24 alkylphenol resins.
• WO-99/61562 discloses mixtures of alkylphenol resins, nitrogenous ones Compounds and ethylene copolymers as refrigeration and lubricity additives for low sulfur diesel.
• WO 01/19941 discloses partial esters of polyhydric alcohols with unsaturated ones Fatty acids (pentaerythritol esterified with tall oil fatty acid) as lubricity additives improved cold stability.
• Lubricity additives based on unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives can with prolonged storage of the additive as well as the additive oils especially under elevated temperature to only partially oil-soluble products gum up. This can lead to the formation of viscous deposits and deposits in the additive storage container, in the fuel oil and in the engine. Stand like this z. B. the combustion and condensation products of glycerol suspected for Highly charged coke residues and deposits on the injection nozzles Diesel engines to be responsible.
• the fatty acid esters based on commercial fatty acid mixtures State of the art also show in the fuel oils additized with them pronounced tendency to emulsify. That means that when such a contact Fuel oil with water an emulsification of the water in the fuel oil takes place. These emulsions, particularly found at the oil / water phase boundary cannot be separated or only with great effort. As these emulsions as such can not be used as fuel oils, they reduce the value of Products. This problem is particularly pronounced when it comes to natural Fatty acid-based esters can be used.
• the object of the present invention was therefore to provide lubrication-improving additives for to find desulfurized fuel oils, one compared to the prior art improved oxidation stability and at the same time an improved effectiveness than Have lubricity additive.
• Another object of the invention are fuel oils with maximum 0.035 wt .-% sulfur content, which contain the additives according to the invention.
• Another object of the invention is the use of the invention Additives to improve the lubricating effect of fuel oils with at most 0.035% by weight sulfur content.
• Another object of the invention is a method for improving the Lubricating effect of fuel oils with a maximum sulfur content 0.035% by weight by adding the additive according to the invention to the fuel oils added.
• Preferred fatty acids which are part of the ester A) are those with 10 to 26 C atoms, in particular 12 to 22 C atoms.
• the alkyl residues or alkenyl residues of Fatty acids consist essentially of carbon and hydrogen. You can however other substituents such as e.g. Hydroxy, halogen, amino or nitro groups if they do not have the predominant hydrocarbon character affect.
• the fatty acids preferably contain at least one Double bond. You can have several double bonds, for example 2 or 3 Double bonds, contained and be of natural or synthetic origin. at polyunsaturated carboxylic acids can isolate their double bonds or also be conjugated. Mixtures of two or more unsaturated are preferred Fatty acids with 10 to 26 carbon atoms.
• fatty acid mixtures contain at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 75% by weight, specifically at least 90% by weight of the fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.
• the Iodine numbers of the fatty acids on which the esters according to the invention are based or Fatty acid mixtures are preferably above 100 g J / 100 g, particularly preferably between 105 and 190 g J / 100 g, in particular between 110 and 180 g J / 100 g and especially between 120 and 180 g l / 100 g fatty acid or fatty acid mixture.
• Suitable unsaturated fatty acids are, for example, oleic, eruca, palmitoleic, Myristoleic, linoleic, linolenic, elaeosteric, arachidonic and / or ricinoleic acid.
• those obtained from natural fats and oils are preferred Fatty acid mixtures or fractions, e.g. Peanut oil, fish, linseed oil, palm oil, Rapeseed oil, ricin oil, castor oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, safflower and Tall oil fatty acid used, which have corresponding iodine numbers.
• fatty acids are dicarboxylic acids, such as dimer fatty acids and alkyl and alkenylsuccinic acids with C 8 -C 50 alk (en) yl radicals, preferably with C 8 -C 40 , in particular with C 12 -C 22 alkyl radicals.
• the alkyl radicals can be linear or branched (oligomerized alkenes, polyisobutylene) and saturated or unsaturated.
• the dicarboxylic acids can be used as such or in mixtures with monocarboxylic acids, with mixtures of dicarboxylic acids of up to 10% by weight, in particular less than 5% by weight, being preferred in mixtures.
• the fatty acid mixtures can have minor amounts, i.e. up to 20% by weight, preferably less than 10%, in particular less than 5% and especially less than 2% saturated fatty acids such as lauric, tridecane, Myristin, pentadecane, palmitin, margarine, stearin, isostearin, arachine and Contain beenic acid.
• minor amounts i.e. up to 20% by weight, preferably less than 10%, in particular less than 5% and especially less than 2% saturated fatty acids such as lauric, tridecane, Myristin, pentadecane, palmitin, margarine, stearin, isostearin, arachine and Contain beenic acid.
• the fatty acids can further 1-40, especially 1-25 wt .-%, in particular Contain 1-5 wt .-% resin acids.
• Suitable alcohols preferably contain 2 to 6, in particular 3 to 4 Carbon atoms, and 2 to 5, especially 3 to 4 hydroxyl groups, however a maximum of one hydroxyl group per carbon atom.
• Particularly suitable alcohols are ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, Neopentylglycol and pentaerythritol as well as the condensation accessible oligomers with 2 to 10 monomer units, such as Polyglycerol.
• the partial esters are made from alcohols and fatty acids in a known manner Esterification can be produced. Alternatively, partial saponification is natural occurring fats and oils possible.
• Esters according to the invention are those which consist of a di- or polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid or a mixture can be produced from fatty acids. Both mixtures are made of, for example Mono-, di- and / or triesters, or possibly higher esters, of an alcohol various fatty acids, from mono-, di- and / or triesters, or possibly higher Esters, different alcohols with different fatty acids, as well Mixtures of mono-, di- and / or triesters, or possibly higher esters, one or several alcohols with different fatty acids. Those are preferred Esters that can be produced from a fatty acid mixture.
• the esters according to the invention preferably have iodine numbers of more than 50 g l / 100 g ester, particularly preferably between 90 and 200 g l / 100 g ester, in particular between 100 and 180 g l / 100 g ester and especially between 110 and 150 g l / 100 g ester.
• the iodine numbers result from the iodine number of the underlying fatty acid mixture and that used for the esterification Alcohol in a stoichiometric manner.
• partial esters whose OH numbers between 10 and 200 mg KOH / g ester are, particularly preferably between 100 and 200, in particular between 110 and 195, especially between 130 and 190 mg KOH / g ester.
• esters e.g. B. mixtures from mono-, di- and triglycerides, mixtures such as those used in the esterification of Polyols are created.
• alkylphenol-aldehyde resins (B) contained in the additive according to the invention are known in principle and are described, for example, in the Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Thieme Verlag 1988-92, Volume 4, pp. 3351ff. described.
• the alkyl or alkenyl radicals of the alkylphenol have 6-24, preferably 8-22, in particular 9-18, carbon atoms. They can be linear or preferably branched, the branching being able to contain secondary as well as tertiary structures.
• n- and iso-hexyl n- and iso-octyl, n- and iso-nonyl, n- and iso-decyl, n- and iso-dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl and tripropenyl, Tetrapropenyl, pentapropenyl and polyisobutenyl to C 24 .
• the prefix iso here means that the alkyl chain contains one or more secondary branches.
• the alkylphenol-aldehyde resin can also contain up to 20 mol% phenol units and / or alkylphenols with short alkyl chains such as e.g. B. contain butylphenol.
• alkylphenols can be used for the alkylphenol-aldehyde resin.
• the aldehyde in the alkylphenol-aldehyde resin has 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4 Carbon atoms and can carry other functional groups. It is preferably a aliphatic aldehyde, particularly preferably it is formaldehyde.
• the molecular weight of the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins is preferably 350- 10,000, in particular 400 - 5000 g / mol. This preferably corresponds to one Degree of condensation n from 3 to 40, in particular from 4 to 20. Prerequisite here that the resins are oil-soluble.
• these alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins are those which contain oligomers or polymers with a repetitive structural unit of the formula are where R A is C 6 -C 24 alkyl or alkenyl and n is a number from 2 to 50.
• the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins are prepared in a known manner by basic catalysis, whereby condensation products of the resol type arise, or by acidic catalysis, producing condensation products of the novolak type.
• an alkylphenol with 6 - 24, preferably 8-22, in particular 9-18, carbon atoms per alkyl group, or mixtures thereof and at least one aldehyde reacted with one another, with per mol Alkylphenol compound about 0.5-2 moles, preferably 0.7-1.3 mol and in particular equimolar amounts of aldehyde can be used.
• Suitable alkylphenols are, in particular, n- and iso-hexylphenol, n- and iso-octylphenol, n- and iso-nonylphenol, n- and iso-decylphenol, n- and iso-dodecylphenol, tetradecylphenol, hexadecylphenol, octadecylphenol, eicosylphenol, tripropetraphenylphenol, tripropenylphenol (isobutenyl) phenol to C 24 .
• the alkylphenols are preferably para-substituted.
• the alkylphenols can be one or carry several alkyl radicals. They are preferably at most 5 mol%, especially at most 20 mol% and especially at most 40 mol% with more than an alkyl group. Preferably carry at most 40 mol%, in particular at most 20 mol% of the alkylphenols used in the ortho position an alkyl radical.
• the alkylphenols ortho to the hydroxyl group are not tertiary Alkyl groups substituted.
• the aldehyde can be a mono- or dialdehyde and other functional groups wear like -COOH.
• Particularly suitable aldehydes are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, Butyraldehyde, glutardialdehyde and glyoxalic acid, formaldehyde is preferred.
• the Formaldehyde can be in the form of paraformaldehyde or in the form of a preferred 20 - 40 wt .-% aqueous formalin solution can be used. It can too appropriate amounts of trioxane can be used.
• alkylphenol and aldehyde usually takes place in the presence of alkaline catalysts, for example alkali hydroxides or alkylamines, or of acidic catalysts, for example inorganic or organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfonic acid, sulfamido acids or Haloacetic acids.
• alkaline catalysts for example alkali hydroxides or alkylamines
• acidic catalysts for example inorganic or organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfonic acid, sulfamido acids or Haloacetic acids.
• the condensation is preferably solvent-free at 90 to 200 ° C, preferably carried out at 100 to 160 ° C.
• a water Azeotropic organic solvent for example toluene, xylene, higher aromatics or mixtures thereof.
• the reaction mixture is on a Temperature of 90 to 200 ° C, preferably 100-160 ° C heated, the resulting Water of reaction is removed during the reaction by azeotropic distillation. Solvent that does not have protons under the conditions of condensation split off, can remain in the products after the condensation reaction.
• the Resins can be used directly or after neutralization of the catalyst, optionally after further dilution of the solution with aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures, e.g.
• the proportions by weight of components A) and B) in the additives according to the invention can vary widely depending on the application. They lay preferably between 10 and 99.999% by weight A) to 90 to 0.001% by weight B), in particular between 20 and 99.995% by weight A) to 80 to 0.005% by weight B). there to stabilize the fatty acids, smaller portions of the Components B from 0.001 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.005 to 5% by weight B) used, whereas to optimize the lubricity larger portions B of for example 5 to 90 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 80 wt .-% and in particular 25 to 75 wt .-% are used.
• Paraffin dispersants are additives that increase the size when the oil cools reduce the precipitated paraffin crystals and also cause the Paraffin particles do not settle, but colloidally with significantly reduced Sedimentation efforts, remain dispersed.
• the nitrogen-containing paraffin dispersants are preferably low molecular weight or polymeric, oil-soluble nitrogen compounds, e.g. Amine salts, Imides and / or amides obtained by reaction of aliphatic or aromatic amines, preferably long-chain aliphatic amines, with aliphatic or aromatic Obtain mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and / or polycarboxylic acids or their anhydrides become.
• Contain particularly preferred paraffin dispersants Reaction products of secondary fatty amines with 8 to 36 carbon atoms, in particular Dicocos fatty amine, ditallow fatty amine and distearyl amine.
• paraffin dispersants are copolymers of maleic anhydride and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds, optionally with primary monoalkylamines and / or aliphatic alcohols can be implemented with the reaction products of alkenylspirobislactones Amines and reaction products of terpolymers based on ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated Dicarboxylic anhydrides, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds and polyoxyalkylene ethers lower unsaturated alcohols with amines and / or alcohols.
• suitable paraffin dispersants are listed.
• the polar nitrogen-containing paraffin dispersants can be the inventive Additives are added or added separately to the middle distillate to be added become.
• the quantitative ratio between paraffin dispersants and Additives according to the invention are between 5: 1 and 1: 5 and preferably between 3: 1 and 1: 3.
• additives according to the invention also together with one or more oil-soluble Co-additives are used, which alone have the lubricating effect and / or Improve the cold flow properties of crude oils, lubricating oils or fuel oils.
• oil-soluble Co-additives are copolymers containing vinyl acetate or Terpolymers of ethylene, comb polymers and oil-soluble amphiphiles.
• the additives according to the invention in a mixture with ethylene / vinyl acetate / vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate terpolymers, Ethylene / vinyl acetate / neononanoic acid vinyl ester terpolymers and / or ethylene vinyl acetate / vinyl neodecanoate terpolymers to improve the flowability and lubrication of Mineral oils or mineral oil distillates.
• neodecanoic acid vinyl esters contain 10 to 35% by weight of vinyl acetate and 1 to 25 wt .-% of the respective long-chain vinyl ester. More preferred In addition to ethylene and 10 to 35% by weight of vinyl esters, copolymers also contain 0.5 to 20 wt .-% olefin with 3 to 10 carbon atoms such.
• the additives according to the invention are used together with comb polymers.
• comb polymers This is understood to mean polymers in which hydrocarbon radicals having at least 8, in particular at least 10, carbon atoms are bonded to a polymer backbone. They are preferably homopolymers whose alkyl side chains contain at least 8 and in particular at least 10 carbon atoms. In the case of copolymers, at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, of the monomers have side chains (cf. Comb-like Polymers-Structure and Properties; NA Platé and VP Shibaev, J. Polym. Sci. Macromolecular Revs. 1974, 8, 117 ff).
• Suitable comb polymers are, for example, fumarate / vinyl acetate copolymers (cf. EP 0 153 176 A1), copolymers of a C 6 -C 24 ⁇ -olefin and an NC 6 -C 22 alkylmaleimide (cf. EP 0 320 766) , further esterified olefin / maleic anhydride copolymers, polymers and copolymers of ⁇ -olefins and esterified copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride.
• fumarate / vinyl acetate copolymers cf. EP 0 153 176 A1
• copolymers of a C 6 -C 24 ⁇ -olefin and an NC 6 -C 22 alkylmaleimide cf. EP 0 320 766
• further esterified olefin / maleic anhydride copolymers polymers and copolymers of ⁇ -
• the mixing ratio (in parts by weight) of the additives according to the invention Ethylene copolymers or comb polymers are each 1:10 to 20: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 10: 1.
• the additives of the invention are oiled in amounts from 0.0001 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 0.1% by weight and especially 0.002 to 0.05% by weight added. They can be used as such or dissolved in solvents such as e.g. aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or Hydrocarbon mixtures such as Toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, decane, Pentadecane, gasoline fractions, diesel, kerosene or commercial Solvent mixtures such as Solvent Naphtha, ® Shellsol AB, ® Solvesso 150, ® Solvesso 200, ® Exxsol, ® Isopar and ® Shellsol D types, as well as polar solvents such as Alcohols, glycols and esters such as fatty acid alkyl esters and in particular rapeseed oleic acid methyl ester (RME).
• the additives according to the invention can be used at elevated temperature for a long time stored without aging effects, without causing signs of aging such as resinification and the formation of insoluble structures or deposits in Storage containers and / or engine parts comes. They also improve the Oxidation stability of the additive oils with reduced at the same time Emulsify. This is especially true with oils that are made up of larger proportions of oils Crack processes included, beneficial.
• Lubricity of middle distillates This can be used for setting the specification required dosage rate can be reduced.
• Another advantage of the additives according to the invention is that of the additives according to state of the art fatty acid esters used as lubricity additives reduced crystallization temperature. So you can even at low Temperatures of, for example, 0 ° C to -20 ° C and sometimes also lower can be used without any problems.
• the additives of the invention are for use in middle distillates particularly suitable.
• Middle distillates are especially those Mineral oils obtained from crude oil distillation and in the range of Boil 120 to 450 ° C, for example kerosene, jet fuel, diesel and heating oil.
• the oils may also contain or from alcohols such as methanol and / or ethanol consist.
• the additives according to the invention are preferably used in such Middle distillates used that contain less than 350 ppm sulfur, in particular less than 200 ppm sulfur and in special cases less than 50 ppm or contain less than 10 ppm sulfur. It is generally about those middle distillates which have been subjected to hydrogenating refining, and which therefore only contains small amounts of polyaromatic and polar compounds contain, which give them a natural lubricating effect.
• the Additives according to the invention are also preferably used in such Middle distillates used, the 95% distillation points below 370 ° C, in particular 350 ° C and in special cases below 330 ° C. They are the same additives according to the invention for use in synthetic fuels also low lubricity, as z. B. in Fischer-Tropsch erosion can be produced, suitable.
• the oils with improved lubricity have a wear scar diameter of preferred measured in the HFRR test less than 460 ⁇ m, especially less than 450 ⁇ m.
• the additives according to the invention can also be used as components in lubricating oils.
• the mixtures can be used alone or together with other additives be used, e.g. with pour point depressants, corrosion inhibitors, Antioxidants, sludge inhibitors, dehazers, conductivity improvers, lubricity additives, and additives to lower the cloud point.
• additive packages that include known ashless dispersion additives, detergents, defoamers, antioxidants, dehazers, Demulsifiers and corrosion inhibitors included.
• Test oil 1 Test oil 2
• Test oil 3 distillation IBP [° C] 202 182 164 20% [° C] 237 221 214 90% [° C] 321 280 342
• FBP [° C] 348 304 367 Cloud Point [° C] -5.9 -29.7 -7.7 CFPP [° C] -8th -33 -13
• the additives used are characterized below.
• the OH numbers were in accordance with DIN 53240 by implementation with a defined amount excess acetic anhydride and subsequent titration of the formed Acetic acid determined.
• Iodine numbers are determined according to Kaufmann. For this purpose, a defined amount of a methanolic bromine solution is added to the sample, an amount of bromine which is equivalent to the content of double bonds being deposited. The excess bromine is back-titrated with sodium thiosulfate.
• a mixture of 9 g A 7, 1 g B1 and 2 g C2 gave after three days of storage 90 ° C and then diluted with 500 ml test oil 3 a clear solution and a filtration time of 65 s.
• the lubricating effect of the additives was tested using an HFRR device from PCS Instruments on additive oils at 60 ° C.
• the high frequency Reciprocating Rig Test (HFRR) is described in D. Wei, H. Spikes, Wear, Vol. 111, No. 2, p. 217, 1986.
• the results are given as the coefficient of friction and wear scar (WS 1.4).
• a low wear scar and a low coefficient of friction (friction) show a good lubricating effect.
• Wear scar values of less than 460 ⁇ m are regarded as an indication of a sufficient lubricating effect, although in practice values of less than 400 ⁇ m are aimed for.
• the dosing rates in Table 6 relate to the amount of active ingredient dosed.

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