Classifications

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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C10M129/14—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing at least 2 hydroxy groups
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M165/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/024—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having at least two phenol groups but no condensed ring
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
  • C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/24—Epoxidised acids; Ester derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
  • C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/101—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones and phenols, e.g. Also polyoxyalkylene ether derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
  • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/071—Branched chain compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
  • C10N2060/14—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by boron or a compound containing boron

Definitions

• This invention concerns lubricating oil compositions, in particular, lubricating oil compositions for use in marine diesel engines such as marine diesel cylinder engines.
• Lubricating oil compositions for use in marine diesel cylinder engines are known as marine diesel cylinder lubricant ('MDCL') compositions. They are total loss lubricants and their purpose is to provide a strong oil film between the cylinder liner and the piston rings. Marine diesel cylinder lubricant compositions need to withstand high operating temperatures and pressures, such as, for example, temperatures of 300°C and above and firing pressures of 150 bar and above. If the lubricant composition breaks down under these high operating temperatures and pressures, the internal walls of the cylinder liner will be subjected to excessive adhesive wear (i.e. scuffing).
• the aim of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition for a marine crosshead diesel engine.
• a further aim of the present invention is to provide a marine diesel lubricating oil composition that exhibits goods resistance to high temperatures and pressures, such as, for example, temperatures as high as 300°C and above and pressures as high as 150 bar and above, and can provide improved protection against scuffing of the cylinder liners.
• an oil-soluble hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate as an antiwear additive in a lubricating oil composition
• the oil-soluble hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate having the following structure: wherein n is 0 to 10, preferably 1 to 8, more preferably 2 to 6, and most preferably 3 to 5;
• Y is a divalent bridging group, and is preferably a hydrocarbyl group, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 4 to 30, preferably 8 to 18, and most preferably 9 to 15 carbon atoms.
• the inventors have surprisingly found that the use of an oil-solube hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate in a lubricating oil composition reduces wear in a marine diesel engine.
• the wear is preferably adhesive wear.
• the marine diesel engine is preferably a marine diesel cylinder engine.
• the hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate is preferably a hydrocarbyl phenol formaldehyde condensate.
• the hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate is preferably metal-free.
• the hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate is preferably sulphur-free.
• hydrocarbyl as used herein means that the group concerned is primarily composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms and is bonded to the remainder of the molecule via a carbon atom, but does not exclude the presence of other atoms or groups in a proportion insufficient to detract from the substantially hydrocarbon characteristics of the group.
• the hydrocarbyl group is preferably composed of only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
• the hydrocarbyl group is an aliphatic group, preferably alkyl or alkylene group, especially alkyl groups, which may be linear or branched.
• R is preferably an alkyl or alkylene group.
• R is preferably branched.
• a method of improving the wear reducing properties of a lubricating oil composition including the step of adding the hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate defined above to the lubricating oil composition.
• the lubricating oil composition preferably has a TBN of greater than 55, more preferably greater than 60, even more preferably greater than 65, as determined by ASTM D2896.
• the hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate preferably has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 800 to 4500, preferably 1100 to 4200, more preferably 1300 to 4000, most preferably 1700 to 3800, as measured by MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption lonization- Time of Flight) Mass Spectrometry.
• Mw weight average molecular weight
• the hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate is preferably obtainable by the condensation reaction between at least one aldehyde or ketone or reactive equivalent thereof and at least one hydrocarbyl phenol, in the presence of an acid catalyst such as, for example, an alkyl benzene sulphonic acid.
• the product is preferably subjected to stripping to remove any unreacted hydrocarbyl phenol, preferably to less than 5.0% by mass, more preferably to less than 3.0% by mass, even more preferably to less than 1.0% by mass, of unreacted hydrocarbyl phenol.
• the product includes less than 0.5%, such as, for example, less than 0.1 %, by mass of unreacted hydrocarbyl phenol.
• the acid catalyst may be selected from a wide variety of acidic compounds such as, for example, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, sulphonic acid, oxalic acid and hydrochloric acid.
• the acid may also be present as a component of a solid material such as an acid treated clay.
• the amount of catalyst used may vary from 0.05 to 10% or more, such as for example 0.1 to 1%, by mass of the total reaction mixture.
• the hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate is preferably branched dodecyl phenol formaldehyde condensate, such as, for example, a tetrapropenyl phenol formaldehyde condensate.
• the hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate is preferably used in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 20 mass%, more preferably from 0.2 to 15 mass%, even more preferably from 0.5 to 12 mass%, and most preferably from 1 to 10 mass%, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition.
• the lubricating oil composition includes an oil of lubricating viscosity.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity may be any oil suitable for the lubrication of a marine diesel engine.
• the lubricating oil may suitably be an animal, a vegetable or a mineral oil.
• the lubricating oil is a petroleum-derived lubricating oil, such as a naphthenic base, paraffinic base or mixed base oil.
• the lubricating oil may be a synthetic lubricating oil.
• Suitable synthetic lubricating oils include synthetic ester lubricating oils, which oils include diesters such as di-octyl adipate, di-octyl sebacate and tridecyl adipate, or polymeric hydrocarbon lubricating oils, for example liquid polyisobutene and poly-alpha olefins. Commonly, a mineral oil is employed.
• the lubricating oil may generally comprise greater than 60, typically greater than 70, mass% of the composition, and typically have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of from 2 to 40, for example for 3 to 15, mm 2 s -1 and a viscosity index of from 80 to 100, for example from 90 to 95.
• hydrocracked oils Another class of lubricating oils is hydrocracked oils, where the refining process further breaks down the middle and heavy distillate fractions in the presence of hydrogen at high temperatures and moderate pressures.
• Hydrocracked oils typically have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of from 2 to 40, for example from 3 to 15, mm 2 s -1 and a viscosity index typically in the range of from 100 to 110, for example from 105 to 108.
• 'brightstock' refers to base oils which are solvent-extracted, de-asphalted products from vacuum residuum generally having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of from 28 to 36 mm 2 s -1 and are typically used in a proportion of less than 30, preferably less than 20, more preferably less than 15, most preferably less than 10, such as less than 5, mass%, based on the mass of the composition.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity is present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount greater than 40 mass% more preferably greater than 50 mass%, more preferably greater than 60 mass%, and most preferably greater than 65 mass%, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition.
• the lubricating oil composition preferably includes at least one metal-containing detergent.
• a detergent is an additive that reduces formation of piston deposits, for example high-temperature varnish and lacquer deposits, in engines; it has acid-neutralizing properties and is capable of keeping finely divided solids in suspension. It is based on metal "soaps", that is metal salts of acidic organic compounds, sometimes referred to as surfactants.
• the detergent comprises a polar head with a long hydrophobic tail.
• the polar head comprises a metal salt of a surfactant.
• Large amounts of a metal base are included by reacting an excess of a metal compound, such as an oxide or hydroxide, with an acidic gas such as carbon dioxide to give an overbased detergent which comprises neutralized detergent as the outer layer of a metal base (e.g. carbonate) micelle.
• the metal may be an alkali or alkaline earth metal such as, for example, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium and magnesium. Calcium is preferred.
• the surfactant may be a salicylate, a sulphonate, a carboxylate, a phenate, a thiophosphate or a naphthenate.
• Metal salicylate is the preferred metal salt.
• the detergent may be a complex/hybrid detergent prepared from a mixture of more than one metal surfactant, such as a calcium alkyl phenate and a calcium alkyl salicylate.
• a complex detergent is a hybrid material in which the surfactant groups, for example phenate and salicylate, are incorporated during the overbasing process. Examples of complex detergents are described in the art (see, for example, WO 97/46643, WO 97/46644, WO 97/46645, WO 97/46646 and WO 97/46647).
• hydrocarbyl groups in surfactants for use in accordance with the invention are aliphatic groups, preferably alkyl or alkylene groups, especially alkyl groups, which may be linear or branched.
• the total number of carbon atoms in the surfactants should be at least sufficient to impact the desired oil-solubility.
• the alkyl groups include from 5 to 100, preferably from 9 to 30, more preferably 14 to 20, carbon atoms. Where there is more than one alkyl group, the average number of carbon atoms in all of the alkyl groups is preferably at least 9 to ensure adequate oil-solubility.
• the detergents may be non-sulphurized or sulphurized, and may be chemically modified and/or contain additional substituents. Suitable sulphurizing processes are well known to those skilled in the art.
• the detergents may be borated, using borating processes well known to those skilled in the art.
• the detergents preferably have a TBN of 50 to 500, preferably 100 to 400, and more preferably 150 to 350.
• the detergents may be used in a proportion in the range of 0.5 to 30, preferably 2 to 20, or more preferably 5 to 19, mass% based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition.
• the lubricant composition preferably includes at least one dispersant.
• a dispersant is an additive for a lubricating composition whose primary function in lubricants is to accelerate neutralization of acids by the detergent system.
• Ashless dispersants comprise a long chain hydrocarbon with a polar head, the polarity being derived from inclusion of, e.g., an O, P or N atom.
• the hydrocarbon is an oleophilic group that confers oil-solubility, having for example 40 to 500 carbon atoms.
• ashless dispersants may comprise an oil-soluble polymeric hydrocarbon backbone having functional groups that are capable of associating with particles to be dispersed.
• ashless dispersants are succinimides, e.g. polyisobutene succinic anhydride; and polyamine condensation products that may be borated or unborated.
• the dispersants may be used in a proportion in the range of 0 to 10.0, preferably 0.5 to 6.0, or more preferably 1.0 to 5.0, mass% based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition.
• the lubricating oil composition may include at least one further antiwear additive.
• Dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salts constitute a preferred class of antiwear additive.
• the metal in the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal may be an alkali or alkaline earth metal, or aluminium, lead, tin, molybdenum, manganese, nickel or copper.
• Zinc salts are preferred, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.5, preferably 0.5 to 1.3, mass%, based upon the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.
• DDPA dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid
• a dithiophosphoric acid may be made by reacting mixtures of primary and secondary alcohols.
• multiple dithiophosphoric acids can be prepared comprising both hydrocarbyl groups that are entirely secondary in character and hydrocarbyl groups that are entirely primary in character.
• any basic or neutral zinc compound may be used but the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates are most generally employed. Commercial additives frequently contain an excess of zinc due to use of an excess of the basic zinc compound in the neutralization reaction.
• the preferred zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates are oil-soluble salts of dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acids and may be represented by the following formula: [(RO) (R 1 O) P(S)S] 2 Zn where R and R 1 may be the same or different hydrocarbyl radicals containing from 1 to 18, preferably 2 to 12, carbon atoms and including radicals such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkaryl and cycloaliphatic radicals. Particularly preferred as R and R 1 groups are alkyl groups of 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
• the radicals may, for example, be ethyl, n-propyl, I-propyl, n-butyl, I-butyl, sec-butyl, amyl, n-hexyl, I-hexyl, n-octyl, decyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, 2-ethylehexyl, phenyl, butylphenyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclopentyl, propenyl, butenyl.
• the total number of carbon atoms (i.e. in R and R 1 ) in the dithiophoshoric acid will generally be 5 or greater.
• the zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate can therefore comprise zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates.
• the further antiwear additive may be used in a proportion in the range of 0.1 to 1.5, preferably 0.2 to 1.3, or more preferably 0.3 to 0.8, mass% based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition.
• the lubricating oil composition may also include at least one of the following additives: an antioxidant, a pour point depressant, an antifoaming agent, a viscosity index improver, a dye, a metal deactivator, a demulsifier, or a mixture thereof
• additive packages or concentrates comprising the additive or additives, which can be added simultaneously to the oil of lubricating viscosity (or base oil) to form the lubricating oil composition. Dissolution of the additive package(s) into the lubricating oil may be facilitated by solvents and by mixing accompanied with mild heating, but this is not essential.
• the additive package(s) will typically be formulated to contain the additive(s) in proper amounts to provide the desired concentration, and/or to carry out the intended function in the final formulation when the additive package(s) is/are combined with a predetermined amount of base lubricant.
• the additive package may contain active ingredients in an amount, based on the additive package, of, for example, from 2.5 to 90, preferably from 5 to 75, most preferably from 8 to 60, mass% of additives in the appropriate proportions, the remainder being base oil.
• the final formulations may typically contain about 5 to 40 mass% of the additive packages(s), the remainder being base oil.
• 'active ingredient' refers to the additive material that is not diluent.
• oil-soluble does not necessarily indicate that the compounds or additives are soluble in the base oil in all proportions. It does mean, however, that it is, for instance, soluble in oil to an extent sufficient to exert the intended effect in the environment in which the oil is employed. Moreover, the additional incorporation of other additives may also permit incorporation of higher levels of a particular additive, if desired.
• the lubricant compositions of this invention comprise defined individual (i.e. separate) components that may or may not remain the same chemically before and after mixing.
• the HFRR or High Frequency Reciprocating Rig Test is a computer controlled reciprocating oscillatory friction and wear test system for the wear testing of lubricants under boundary lubrication conditions.
• An electromagnetic vibrator oscillates a steel ball over a small amplitude while pressing it with a load of 10N against a stationary steel disk.
• the lower, fixed disk is heated electrically and is fixed below the lubricant under test.
• the temperature is ramped from 80°C to 380°C in 15 minutes.
• the lubricity of the fluid is evaluated by measuring the wear scar on the steel ball in micrometres at the end of test. The lower the wear scar on the steel ball, the better the anti-wear protection of the lubricant when two metal surfaces are experiencing boundary lubrication conditions.
• the friction coefficient does not increase as long as satisfactory oil film exists between the two metal surfaces.
• the friction coefficient starts increasing sharply, indicating that the oil film is breaking down and the metal surfaces are experiencing direct contact to an extent to cause the friction coefficient to start increasing with temperature.
• examples 1 and 2 exhibit less wear in the HFRR test than comparative examples 1-5.
• Example 3 410BN Calcium sulphonate/phenate detergent 17.40 17.40 17.40 Borated dispersant 3.00 3.00 3.00 Antirust agent, p-nonyl phenoxy tetra ethoxy ethanol 0.80 0.80 0.80 Phenol aldehyde condensate, Mw 1158 8.00 Phenol aldehyde condensate, Mw 1839 8.00 Phenol aldehyde condensate, Mw 3692 8.00 base oil 70.80 70.80 70.80 Kinematic viscosity @ 100C, cSt 20.73 21.95 23.17 Base number, D2896, mgKOH/g 73.87 73.57 72.09 HFRR, temperature of minimum friction coefficient, °C 223.3 238.5 258.3 Formulation Example 6
• Example 7 410BN Calcium sulphonate/phenate detergent 17.40 17.40 17.40 Borated dispersant 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Antirust agent, p-nonyl phen

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-07-21 EP EP05106712A patent/EP1630223A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-07-21 EP EP08104884A patent/EP1997870A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

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